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SACRATISSIMO DNO NOSTRO
CAROLO
DEI GRATIA MAG.BRITANNIZ
FRANCIZ ET HIBERNIZ REGI
TERR MARISQ. POTENTISSIMO
PRINCIPL OCEANI BRITANNICI
AD QUATUOR MUNDI PLAGAS
DISPARTITI IMPERATORI. DNO
VIRGINIZ ET VASTORUM
TERRITORIORUM ADJACENTIUM
ET DISPERSARUM INSULARUM
IN OCEANO OCCIDENTALI.
CHRISTIAN# FIDEI DEFENSOR!
PACIS *NSTAURATORI PUB.
SECURITATIS AUCTORI
PIG FEL. AUG.
4 Nec-Nos
/ 4
NE C-NON
SUB SUI NUMINIS
INFLUENTIA AC CLIENTELA _
DUOBUS MAX.MUNDI LUMINARIBUS
PERPETUIS SAPIENTEE FLAMMIS
CERTISS. SCIENTIARUM. CYNOSURIS
UTRISQ. ANGLIZ A CADEMIIS
INFIMUS H@MILLIMUS
VERULAMII INTERPRES
HANC PRIMAM INSTAURATIONIS
MAGNA PARTEM
D. X, C 9.
este IIT €—À ?$$9
TO THE
LETN CT
OF GREAT BRITALILNE
FRANCE AND IRELAND
THE GROWING GLORY
ofa Future Age.
yes Hk facrifice of my Devo-
ZEN tions in the Dedication. of
Diei thefe Labours ( excellent
$€Q)>| Pz tc 2) had gone a more
E humble way of Ambition;
= than through the hands of
Kingsand Punici: could Iafterwards bave jufti-
fied fuch humiliations. But the Tenure of this
workisa Title-Royall, which no laps of time
nor alteration of language canreverfe. IntheOn-
ginall entitled tova King; fo continued in the
Tranflation, and fo inadirect line defcends upon
Your Higbneffe , as a part of a Royall Patrimo-
ny, Which I durft notalienate bya lower infcriptt-
on. The Author isSir Francis Bacon,aname well
knownin the European world; a learned man,hap-
pily the learned ft , that ever lived, fincethe sy
| 6 2 o
Ls
To Tue PRINCE.
a
etn it MÀ ÍÀ M € €———
side ncanmd nats Empires; “when learh-
ing Wasat 'alugh p atch. and Which rife and fell
with thofe Monatchiee for ‘Scépters and Sciences
have the fame ‘reyolutiohs, the fánje petiods. In
che vaft [pates óftime between thOfe an hefe laft
"Ages, PhilofSphy hath bil, as t Were in a umber,
for'many centuties of years. For after the’ Chn-
ftian faith grew up, t dié Ihoft Writers bétook chem.
{elves to Theology , and fome miflaking the
right limits o£^Faitbi aad Reafon, fell fowle
upon. Ariftode and other Philofophers » as Pa-
erarches of Erefy, which’ were the Patrons) ‘of
Reafon: Somewhat -awaked from chis, flumber
fhe wasby the; Arabian! wvriteis, ‘the Schoole. Do.
&orsaüd Spanith Interpreters, made more active
by the Chimique Philéfophers,but never perfectly
recovered untill the daids of this Author, whois
the firft chat ever joynd R ationall& Experimental
Philofophy 1n a regular correfpondence ;- Which
before waseither a fubtlety of words, or a confufi-
on of matter He after he hadfurvaied all theR&
cordsof Antiquity, afterthevolumnesof men,be-
took himfelfeto the ftudy of thé volumine of the
world, and having conquerd whavever books pof
fet (his fpacious fpirit not thus bounded tet
upon the Kingdome of Natüte ; :arid -
t 5 e
Ta» Tw. PRIN cE,
edchat victory Very farre; and which was more
than thofe victories, himfelfe being mortall; left
fuch lawes behindhim,as may fuffice to fubdue
the reft, if Princesencourage men, and men be not
wanting cothemfelves. This attempt of his was
favour'dby the ftarres of his Nativity. Forat was
his felicity to hvein the times of two Great Pa-
trous of Learning, K. Tames’ Your Highneffe
Grandfather of bleffed memory, and Your Royall
Father now Raigning; andit was their glory that
ke lived ih their times: and will be the eternal! ho-
nour of this Nationa; that the Greateft Kings and .
the Greate Philofapher met togither in one age,
ifone Iland. By the faveur of bis Prince, who
Well knew’ the valew of Learning and [Learned
men, he was ratfed tothe higheft dignities in the
‘Civileftate, aad by his own happie Genius, to the
higheft degree 1n the flateof learning, which was
the greater wonder of the two; being fuch incom-
patible perfections, and divided, enough to fill up
the {phere of the greateft abilities alive. Yet with
great applaufe he acted both thefe high parts, of
the greateft Scholler and the greateft States-man of
histime: and fo quit himfelfein both, as one and
the fame Perfon, in tideand merit, became Lord
Keeper of the Great fealeof England, and of the
41 | 9 3 Great
To Tue Prince.)
Great Seale of Nature both at once, which is a
myftery beyond the comprehenfion of his own
times, and a miracle requires a great meafure of
faith in Pofterity, to believe it. This 15 the Au-
thor | here prefent unto Your Highneffe, this his
worke, whichby the powerfull influence of Your
favour fhall profper;andit may be,be quicknedto
the regeneration of another Phoenix out of his
afhes, to adorne your World: for itis only the be-
nigne afpe& & irradiation of Princes that infpires
the Globe of learning;and makes Arts,and {ciences
grow up and florifh, Heaven blefle Your High-
neffe with blefsings on the right hand and on the
left, and make Y ou Heire of all the virtues of your
Royall Progenitors, that the Honour of Princes
begun in them, may be continuedin Your perfor,
and thata future age may be fo blefIed in You, as
the prefent isin Your Royall Father, the Glory of
Kings and their Admtration.
YOUR HIGHNESSE
moft Humbly devoted
Gicperr WATS
| CoM M"
FAVOVRABLE
READER. |
HE intended Apologetiques for tha
Inftaurationof Sciences, and the ju«
Stification of this Author, which
(bould have bin prefix d. this work;
SS] 44 a preparation thereto, dx not
ves publifDt .« Motives to thes refolution,
22/2] were diver[e, whereof fome are very
concerning. Apologetiques for
— [uch Authors and fuch enterpri-
fes ave intertained with jealouftes , as if they threatned an
innzyation in the flate of Learning ; by veverfing the judge-
ments of Antiquity, andthe Placits of the Moderne ; and by
bringing in, anew Primum Mobile , into she Fntellettu-
all Globe of Sciences, tothe fubverfion of the Arts received.
“But thefe are groundleffe fears, fancied by fuchs who
either under Stand not the intention of this attempt; ors engag d
in a Profeflory way,fufpect their profit and reputation to be in
danger, if [uch defignes [bouldtake effect. Our Author pro-
tefts again[? [uch dareing vanities, the raifing of any new
fe&, uponthe ruins of Antiquity; and every where endea-
pours to improve the labours of Ancient and Moderne writers,
| . and
To THe READER.
a ei a me ac a ri a
ando muft be doe who defends him, if be underftands the bu-
finelfe he goes about. The point is net, touching wbat is already
done, nor of the abilities of the Agents; nor of the capacity of
their inftrumentsswhich could not be undertake without emulous
comparifons both of Perfous Actions and Things: but the point is
touching propagation & Advancement of Knowledges.the
improvement and notthe confervation only, of the Patrimony of
our Anceftors: and that by opening to the underftanding a dif-
ferent way, than hath bin known to former Ages; and clearing
thar glaffe tothe letting in of a more plentifull light. The waies
and ends of thefe two knowledges ( I meane of what we have, and —
of what we may have) thus different; and the principles upox
which they proceed fo divers; bothmay confi{t without contradi-
étions and confutations; or tbe invafions upon their diftinguifht
rights: [othe propagation of Knowledge,by the affi lance,
of the Father of Lights, may be pur{ued, with the refervation
of the honour of Ancient and Moderne Authors, and the Arts it
afe, which refpetting the end whereto they were inftituted, Di-
Íputation;Redargution and the likeyare very conducent,andin
their way of perfection highly exalted. And this ts the first mo-
tive of deliberating the publication of my Apologetique, the dif-
Siculty of the bufineffe. Another is this. The times into which
we are fallen, are learned Times ds ever were (ince the Grecian
Philofophers,ands their feconds,the Arabian writers, which al-
fothrough the great advantages, of the experiments of later A-
ges, and the directions of Antiquity, in many particulars have
out-gon their predece[Jors; fo as he that dare adventure, as, [ome
doe; to intrude unftudied thoughts upon fo learned an age as thts
&, neither reverences the age as be ought, nor wifely confults his
os reputation with Pofterity. And as the Times are learneds
fo (which toofrequently falls out) fomewhat confident. Great
wits, and which have fortified their conceptions by books and
fludy, ave ftrongly prepolfe/t with almoSt impregnable anticipa-
tions; and not fo eafily induced, as more inconcerned and difen-
gaged natures are; to know or unknow any thing that either
Sbould be farther inquired into, or [bould be for gotten. And
much within thefe two orbs our Apolog y moves , in difcovery of
igno-
"To THE Roma E R.
(Ceo T SIUT III lew cllickaciol
not know. For certainly much knowledge remaines yet conceal dy
and the way totbis difcovery is by forgaeing many unprofitable
fubrleties, and by a learn'd ignorance falling off from many aery
. fpeculations to tbe folid fmplicity ofthe Ancients. Were weto
compofe a *Paneg yrique in praifc of the perfections of the learn-
ing of our daies, which indeed merits {uch a facrifice , the la-
bour were but balfe what it is, for laudatory hymnes feldome
come out of feafon, they need no preparations and what might
be wanting inthe waight of {peech, would be fupplied by am
aptitude to accept and believe." But inthe bufinelfe in handsthe
mind of man, the principal (ubje& to ge wrought upon, and
her fpeculations, both which we fo admures are fo immur'd and
blockt up with corrupt notions either fromthe placits of Pbilo-
{opbers, the depraved lames of Demonftration; or from inherent
qualities inthe generall nature of man,or individuate temper a-
ture of particulars; that nothing cat be done antill thefe be cons
vinced, at leaft, (ubjected to examination: which is another suo-
tivetbat (Laies me wponthe Land: Another Reafon; (whiches
the laff Iwilltroublethe Reader withall ts this. Time the med-
Jure of all our Adions, without whofe affz [Lance our beft concep-
tions are Abortives, by the intercurrence of other engagements
(which I might have difpenced withall, had 1 rightly under-
frood the fervile tenure of feculat contracts ) bath {urprixdme.
A conceives which 1 proncunce with fome pasion, that a Schol-
ler for his {tudies, bad binthe mafter of his own bowres; but be-
that trafiques with the world [ball finde it etberwife. Time which
Ipre[um d I could commands and.ftay as I doe my watch, hath
commanded me. And thefe diverfions. were (econded ( Hu-
mane Reader) by a (ad Accidents: It pleafed God iu the best
of my attendance on ibis. bufine[Je; to take aways by one of the
terrorsof mortality the Stone, my deare broiber S* RicHarp
Scor, fervant to the mof]. Eminent Lord tbe Lo. Deputy
Generall. of Ireland;-beloved of his:deare Lord tothe lateft
minute of life; honour dwitb bis prefence to the farthest confines
of mortality; and theresby bis Noble Pietys deliver! d up,withas
much folenmity, as a Kingdome could. confexre, dato the im~
x i ; bo mortality
To Tue READER:
-—————— — ee nas ise cem ILI
mortality of another world, This deadly Jhafi paffing through
pim, fo wounded me, that 1 my [elfe was arrived within few
paces ofthe land of darkneffe. Fn bis filent Marble, the beft
part of that finall portion of joy Ibadin the World ; but all
my hopes, are entombed. This penfive cafualty fo took me off
from books and Lufinelfe, as for fome months after, Icouldrelifb
no thoughts but whatwere mingled with the contemplations of
mortality. Sic fugit interea fugit irrevocabile tempus.
Thefe werethe impediments to my Apologetique; which (if
what is done be accepted ) [ball be prefix dtbe NOV. ORG.
«For of this Tran [lation this is tbe first part (Reader) if'it pleafe
thee, ifit pleafe thee not, thelaft. But before I take my leave;
here are fometacite objettions, which I would meet halfe way,
and [o weakentheir approaches, left they fall too heavy upon me.
The firttis, touching the Divifion of the firft book into
Chapters, contrary to the mind of the Author, andthe intenti-
on of the work. This exception may be thusfatisfied. that pro-
fitisto be preferred before artificial contrivances where both
cannot foconveniently be had, amd totbis end, difcretion to be
followed beforerule. Werethe Author now alive and his vaft
Defignes going on, this alteration bad been (omewhat bold:
but the inimitable Architeét now dead, having perfetted litde
more then the outward Courts, as it weres of bis magnificent In-
flaurations andthe whole fumme of Sciences, and the flock of
Arts in prefent pe[[zffom, not ableto defray the charges of fini-
bing this Fabrique, [thought,fit, by compartitions and diftri-
butions into [everall roomes,to improve what we haves to our beft
advantage, fo it might be done without prejudice tothe Authors
proceduresand apt coherence, which J hope it is: Having refpe#
herein rather to accommodation than decoration; for Houfes (as
our Author faies) are built to live in and not tolook on, and
therefore ufe to be preferred before uniformity. ‘ Another
Exception may be made againf? the draught of the Platforme
into Analytique tables, which feems fomewhat pedantique and
against that common rule Artis eft difsimulare Artem. To
this J an[wershw. Order and dependance is as it weres the foule
of the World, ofthe Works of Nature and rt ; and that which
f keeps
To THe READER.
keeps them united, without which all would fall afunder and be-
come like the firft Chaos before the prodwétion of light. And of
all Methods that ever were, at least that ever came to our
bands, our Authors isthe moft naturall and moft dependent.
For Truth, as it refleéts on wi, is acongruent conformity of tbe
Jntellect tothe Object; and of the different faculties thereof, to
the difference of things: wherefore the trueSt Partition *f bu-
mane leatningsts that, which hath reference to humane facul-
ties; when the Intelle&uall Globe, aad the Globe of the
World, intermixetheir beams and irradiations in a dire& line
of projection, to the Generation of Sciences. This our Author
hath perform d to admiration, and in this gone beyond all Anti-
-quity, yet upon their grounds, wherein be can never be out-gone;
unle[Je followed; by Pofterity. The Ancients indeed, were men
of moft profound fpeculations, butin the delivery of them{elvess
Somewhat involy’d,as appears by Plotinus, Proclus; Trif{me-
. giftus and others, and many of Platoes Schoole writ Dialogue-
wife, which ts no doctrinal way. As for Ariftotle, bi precepts
touching method (ifany fach book was written) they are pe-
rifbt; faving where be (caters fuchrules bere and there » which
Should have been filencedsand are not fowell followed by bim-
felfe. And for the Methods of the Modernes , Ramus ando-
’ therss by tbeimprovement of German writers, impair d, they
knit the limmes of knowledge to fone; bave bedwarfed Sciences,
and are becomean Arc (as learned Hooker expre[[s it)
which teaches the way of fpeedy difcourfe, and reftrains
the mind of man, thatit may not waxe over-vvife. The
Excellency therefore of our Authors Partitions, induced me to
thefe delmeations, for their ufe only, who have not the leafures
or patience to ebferveit according tothe merit, that by this Ana-
tomy, the junctures and arteries, urit were, of this great body
might more vifibly appeare> An other objection is, touching
tbe Allegations inthe Margin, contrary to the folemne cu-
home of Antiquity and the moft of graver Authors. For this I
bad thefereafons. It pleafed our Author,thoe he was bim[elfe 4
Ihving fountain of knowledgesand had awealthy flock of bis own,
Serto taft of other waters, and to borrow from Antiquity, and to
E Gq2 acknow-
To THe READER.
acknowledge {uch borrowings, He thus nameing bis Authors, I
thought fitto note them. And ashe was aman of a moft elevated
phanfie and choice conceptions;{0 was be in the feleékion of bis
. Authors, and the pa[Jages he pleas’d to makeufe of: and itis
worth the labour to know with whom {uch great wits ufe to con-
yerfe;to point tothe Mines where they digge their Ore; aud to
the [badomes where they repofe at noone. And as bis [election of
Authors was very choice , fo was his application of their fayings,
very curious, and ina firain beyond the vulgar reach. Places
out of Sacred Scriptures are fo explicated, (oapplied, as you
mayfearch all the Commenters that are extantsand not finde
the like expofitions,as you foall findeinbim. As for humane
Authors he betters bis borrowings frem them, teaching the alle~
gations out of them, a enfe above the meaning of him that lent it
him; and which be repaies toowith double intereft for what be
borrowed. Thife confiderations invited meto Marginall Cita~
tions. Thefe Rea[ons [et apart, Icannot approve this weake ama
bition; and doe, not without cenfuresread Moderne Authors pro-
ftitute to humane allegations; as ifthe Truth they delivers were
tobetried by voices, or having loft. its primitive. Innocence,
must be cover d with thefe fig -leaves; or as if the Authors them
[elves were afraid that it fhould make an. efcape out of their
ext, if it were not befet inthe Margin with Authorities as with
awatch. The laft exception is , touching the Pretaces,and o-
ther Introductions prefixed this worke, that make the Gates
and Entries (0 wides as they feem to invitethe Citty to run away.
Tht: isthus anfwer d. Ft muft be remembred that this worke it
the Defigne was very fpacious, and i intbe performance of what
is donefo ample, that when the fecond and third Parts ball be
added, as added they will besthe Porches and Ingtefles, in the
judgement of any good Architetts are proportionable enough. -
And if our Authors rule hold, that every faire Fabrique fbould
haye three Courts, a greene (Courts a [econd Court more gar-
nifbt; andathird to make afquare withthe Front, then bave
you bere this Epiftle asthe mean Court, Iudgements upon this
Author living and deadyas the middle (Courts and the Authors
own excellent Preface to confront with the work it felfe. Now
To. dns. READER.
EMEN E s V ZU eau Leur usd
Ifhould, {ay fomething touching Tranflation; and asit t
mine. The very Action is fomewbat obnoxious to cenfure,being
of the nature of thofe, the failing whereof may difgrace morc,
thanthe carrying of itthrough, credit the undertaker. But, be-
fides the con{ctence of the deed done; for otber ends I could not
have; (tbe Author now dead, and alive mihi rec injuriis nec
beneficiis notus) and that to be a Tranflator is more than to
be an Author, (ome {uch at there be; and that it is no fuch mean
office to bear alight before a Lord Chancellor of England:
I fhould excufe it, werethe example mine: fo, writes learned Sae
vil, (2, eloquent Sandys; (0,Malvezzi’s Noble Interpreter;
with whom conferred I am le[fe tbana foadow: So, many able
and eminent names of France and Italy, and otber Nations;
So the Ancients of former ages and of all Arguments. * But. if
any befo folemnesf? fevere, and of {uch primitive tafts, they
can away with no waters, which come not fromthe fpring-head;
nor endure to drink of Tiber, that paffes through Thames;
They may give over here, if they fo. pleafe, and proceed no
farther. This interpretationwas not meant for fuch faftidious
palates and yet, it may be, for as diflinguifbing as theirs ave.
Now if this very attion be thw liable to exception, much more
mul! my performance be.(Certainly books by Tranflation com-
monly take wind inthe efjufion; and for Strength fall {hort of their
Originals; as reflexed beams are weaker than direét: but then
it muft be under {tood of Originals, truly fo. For if a Writer
deliver himfelfe out of bis Native language, F fee not why a
Tranflator rendring himin it, may not come neare bim: and in
this cafe, the Author bim[elfe is the Interpreter, being he
tranflates his own thoughts, which originally fpeak bis mother
tongue. Tetfor allthis Errors I know there are, and (ome lap-
fes,which require a Connivence, and a Reader hath this ad-
vantage,that be may (lay upon one periode long as an Tuterpre-
ter did on one page; befides bis peculiar Genius tofome fludied
paffages. Some Errors (paffing but a tranfient eye upon what is
done) ] [ee already; and could note them, but I would not wil-
lingly gr atify fome kind of Readers fo farre. They that are Iu-
ditious and ingenious too (for F would have no Readers that
q 94 have
To Tue READER.
have not tbe[e two ingredients in their compofitions, ‘thoe Ifi:
times Iname but one, which Twouldtben, fbould be predomi:
nant) will in their judgements find them. and in their mercy
pardon them. As for Sophifts and Satyrifts » a degenerate
Race of men, thar fit upon the lives and learning of allthat write.
who re(olv d to doe nothing tbem[elves, may with more fecurity
cenfure others: and themtoo, who, as Learned D ow deciphers
them, forbid not bookes, but men; damning what ever
fuch a name; hath, or fhall write. they are things below the
merit of my indignation; objetts of Scorne, which a litle fligh-
ted, and not inflamed by oppofition , or countenanced t? a reply
by confütationi, will within awhile, of themfelves extingui[byand
aniio: like ome difperfed roving winds, which without encoun
tre are difpirited and die.. And it concernes me; Courteous Rea-
dersto put onfuch aconfidence as this; for being Tamlikelyto —
appeare in mine own perfons aI doe now inthe Perfin of ano-
ther, to be toatender-fronted were to invite injuries, and to pro-
fliite {uch unfeafonable modesty to abufe. Hethat will to fea,
ufo look for fome cloudy dates; and to be too fcrupulous or.
Ceremonious touching Times or Perfons, athe bane of bufi-
nelje and of all well-meant endeavours: according to that of So-
lomon, Qui obfervat ventum non feminar, & qui iconfi de-
rat Nubes, nunquam metet.
TESTIMONIES
CONSECRATE TO THE
MERITE OF THE
INCOMPARABLE PHILOSOPHER
S FRANCIS BACON
BY SOME OF THE BEST-LEARND
OF THIS INSTANT AGE. ^
SO Lthough fevers fnquifitors of truths and fuch'
EwANee who,by theirlearned Labours ,, ftand upon
AN? pub. Recordin the apptov d Archives of E-
0405663 ternity, may, inan humble diftance, lay claim
and title to that facred Prerogative — Ego autem ab domine
TeStimonium non Capto, ipfa enim Opera que facio teftantur
de me,-- yexbecaufe fuch Great Authors,in their high flight,
are{oleffened in the aire of unfrequented contemplations;
& take fuch unbeaten waies,as they become the weak won-
der of common Capacities, accuftom'd to populare opinix
ons,and authorizd Errors : and in this admiring Igno-
rance, the prejudicate objects of Emulation, Envy, Jealou-
fies, and fuch like impotent pafsions: Jrfeems;in a fort,ne-
ceffary; that the way be clear'd before fuch writers; and
thatchey enter the Theatre, as well with the fuffrage of
yoice sto gaine upon the will, as with che flrengch of Rza-
fon, to convince the VnderStanding.
Wherefore, riot fo much for the honorof this Author,
A (thoe
TupGEMENTS Upon
(though that isintended too ) as for the aid of fome antici-
pate Readerssnot yetmanu-mifled from a fervile beliefe,
tothe liberty of their own judgements,(fuch J mean, as
areyet under the minority'of an implicite faith) J thought
goodto deliver chisimperfectlift of Deponents, which the
precipicancy oftlris-Edition, would not permit to fill up
with fomeother-Great-Naries)both ofthis Kingdome, and
of forrain Nations., What is wanting here tothe accom-
plifhment of chis-Galalegue; Time. the Parent of Truth,
ihallConfummage. — (| :
Le Sreur MáucánsoCounfilerand fecretary to the
K. of France, inthe Epift.to his, Tranflation of a Part of
this Work, gives our Author this Teftimony. ~~
Among [I whom every ene knows that $* FRANCIS Ba--
C ON; by many degrees off, holds the firft rank both for the vi-
vacity of bis Spirits eminency of bis Learning ,Elegancy of his
file. ] havestudiedwith diligence all his writings; and prefume
I may doe a performance of [ome merit and acceptations in pre-
fenting to.my Countrey his Books of the ApVANCEMENT OF
LEARNING, 4Work hath not bin [een in our Language. This
ts the Book which I have caufad to palfe the Seas, not as the
Gold of the Fudiessto cherifh vice, and corrupt out Manners;
but a4 afoveraigne Plant of fingular virtue, to cure the wounds,
which ignorance. aud, Pedantifme baye given humane fci-
ences. - à ;]
M* PriggE D'Àusors S*De La MagGpELAINE ln
his juft and elegant difcouríe upon the life of our Author;
delivers his cenfure thus... |
Judgement and Memory never met in any man in that height
and inea[ure they met in bim; fo as in [Dort time be became Ma-
ther of all tbofe Knowledges which are learnt in Scholes.
A page after; “But as be ever valewed bim[clfe » rather
bornef-x other men, than bim[elfe , now that be could not, for
want of imployment, any longer endow tbe publique with hax
Active perfe&tions; he was defirou at leafl to become profitable
in .
"XR OTN Ver RULAM.
ina , Contemplative waysby his wkitings and b hy bis books, : mo-
numents certainly meritingsto find entertainment in all the Lis
braries of theworld; and which deferveto be ranged with ich
faire works of Antiquity.
The famenoble French-man in: his Ad oe Een to
our Au&ors Nat..Hiflery thus expreffi es hira,
_Forthis Naturall Hiftoryswbere the quality of Metals,
tbe Nature of Elements, the Caufes of Generation, and Corrup-
tionsthe divers attions of Bodies one upon anather , and fuch
like imprefions, avedifcour(edwith {uch life and light, that be
may [eem to have learu'd his knowledge even in the Schoole of
the Firft Man. And though bereit. be may bethought to. have
paff d uponthe breachesof Axiftotle Pliny, and Cardan, yet
notwithstanding be borrowes nothing from them: as if he bad à
defigneko make it abpeare, that thofe great men, have not fo en-
tixely polJeft tbem[zlves of this [ubje£t, but bat there remains
much tobe di[cover d. For my parts thoe.it be. farre fiom nny
intentions torai[etbe reputation of this Author upon the ruins
of Antiquity; yet 7 chink it may be avoucbed upon the grounds
of reafon, that in this prefemt Argument be hath (ome advantage
of them: being that tbe moft of the Ancients which have written
of things Natural pane fatisfied them|elves in reporting things;
a the information of others have given them. intelligence, and
not confideringsthat ofiewtimes that whichis deliver'd them for
Hiftory, ufarre efleign d from all yerity; they have chofen ra-
ther, byreafons to confirme tbe refolutions of another, than to
makean exalt enquiry and difcovery themfelves. *But Mon’
Bacon not relying upon the meer. wordandseredit of {uch as
ment before him, will have Expetience jayn d with Reafons
and examines ihe receiv d principles ofthe Schooless by the ef-
fects of Nature; the fbeculations of the Intellectuall Globesby
theoperations of the Corporale.By this means be hath found out
fo many rare fecrets, whereof he hath bequeath d us the inventt-
on; and made many axioms acknowledged for falfeswhich betber -
to have gow current amengjt Philofophers, and have bin held
inviolable,
A 2 Tos.
JUDGEMENTS LU PON
Tos. Apami» Inhis Prefaceto the Reais Purroso-
puta, of that excellent Philofophet CaMPANELLA (who .
lives toenjoy thatFame; which many eminent for their
learning,rarely poffefTe after death )fpeaks his opinió thus: .
We erc£t nofett, eflablifb no Placits of ' Ereftes but endea-
pour to tran[cribe univer[ale and ever veritable Philofophy out
ofthe Ancient Original Copy ofthe world: not according to va-
riable and difputable fpeculations, but according to the Condu-
Eture of fen[e and irrefragable depofitions of the Architect bim-
felfeswhofe hand inworks, diffents not from his word in writing.
And ifthe GREAT INsTAURATION of the deep-mineing Phi-
lofopber,Fra.Bacon Lo. Verutam Chancellor of Eng-
land, «work of high expectation, and moft worthy; as of Confi-.
deration, fo of afsiftance, be brougbtto perfection, it will per-
chance appeare, that we purfwe tbe fame ends, [eeing we tread
the (ame foot-fleps intraceings and a4 it were, hounding nature,
by Senge and Experience; Wc.
S' Tos. MatHews, Inhis Epift. tothe Duke of Flo-
rence prefixt his Italique Tranflation of my Lo. Bacon’s
&Jaies; amongft other Elogies deciphers him thus.
S' AusrEN (aid of bis illegitimate fonne Horrori mihi erat
illud ingenium, and truly Ihave known a great number whom
F much yalew, many whom F admire, but none whohath fo afto-
nifbt mes and as it were, ravifbt my fences ,tofee fo many and fo
great parts, which in other men were wont to be incompatible;
united, and that in an eminent degree inone fole Perfon. I
know not whether this truth will find ea[y beliefes that
there can be founda manbeyondthe Alpes, of a mofl rea-
- dywit; most faitbfull memory, moft profound Iudgement;
of amoft rich and apt exprefion, wni'ver{all in all kinds of
knowledges asin part may be feen by that rare incomparable
piece,the Apv ANCEMENT Or LeEarnine,which future A- _
ges fballrender in different languages: But bethe faith of other
— Nations what it will inthis point the matter T report i$ fo well wn-
derftood in England, that every man knowes 0 acknowledges
aemuch, nay hath bin an eye awd carewitne[Je therecf, nor if I
Should
THe Lo. VERULAM.
Should expatiate upon tht fubje® fhould J be held a flatterer,
but rather a fufragantotruth, Se.
M'Georce Sanopys In his excellent Commentaries on
his inimitable Tranflation of the ftately MetTamorpHo-
sis rendred;in an equall felicity of exprefsion, tothe Eter-
nall fires of that fweet tongu d Roman; often cites the judge-
ment of our Author, from whole fentence he never ap-
peals, but rather adores as an Oracle; andin an ingenious
acknowledgement of afsiftance from him, thus delivers
him to pofterity. |
Of Moderne writers ] have receiv d tbe greateft light from
Geraldus,Pontanus, Ficinus, Vives, Comes; Scaliger, Sa.
binus, andthe Crowne of the later the Vicounrt Or S
ALBANS, affisled,tboe le/Je conftantly, by other Authors, al-
molt ofall Ages and Arguments. Having bin true to my fir ft
purpofes in making choice, for the moft part, of thofe interpreta-
sions, which either beare the [Lamp of Antiquity, or receive e-
(timation from the honor of the Author.
Marin Mersenne An able man, but a declar’d ad-
verfary to our Authors defigne (whofe Arguments I fhall
encountre in my Apologetique forthe Inflaur. of Sciences)
inhis Bookesofthe Vertty Or Sctencesagainft the
Sceptiques and Pyrrbonians Lib.A. Cap. xvi. acknowledges
thusmucb, which comming from an Adveríary is there-
fore more valid.
VERuLAM, feemsto have no other intention in bis. New
Meruop, then to eflablil the Verity oF SCIENCES;
wherefore you mult not anticipate as grantedsthat be makes for
Jon, or that he is of your opinion, be confelfes we know litle, but
be [ubverts not the Authority of Sen(e and of Realon; mo be la-
boursto find out proper and proportionable instruments, where-
by to Condu& the under fianding to the knowledge of Nature
and her effects. —
B ; The
JupcEMENTs Uron
The Authors Cenfure upon himfelfe.
For in my judgement, it is a matter which concernes wot only:
the “Benefit of otbers; but our own Reputation alfo; tbat no man
imagine that we have projetted in our minds [ome flight fuper-
ftiallnotion of thefe Detignes; and that they are of the mature
ofthofe things, which we could Defire, and which we accept only
abzood wifhes: For they are fa Web as without que[Honsare with-
inthe power and poftibility of men to compaffe; wnlelfe they be
eanting tothem/elves, and bereof we. for our parts, bave cer-
tais and evident demonftiations for Wwe conic no hethers as
, Augures, to meafure Countries in our mind, for Divinati-
on; but as So dealt toitivade them fora —
Hisanfwer to ioonaeTaded Objedtions. !
1 doe foré[ce that many of thofe things which I Dal — a
DgsicsENTSvlincurre divers cenfwres;de chat fome parts
of tbit enverprixe were done long agocand are now extant, O-.
thers; thatthey fàff of curiafity &) promife no great fruits Os
thers, that they are imp'(fible t0 be compaffed by bumane inda-
fries. "For the two firft, lee the particulars fpeak for themfelves.
Forthelaftroüching impofsibilities; Tdeterminethus. Al
thoferbings arevobe held (pofible and performeable which may
be accompli(he by fome- perfon, thoe not by every one; and which’
nay be done bythe wnited labours of many, thoe wot by any one
apart; and which may be effetted in a [ucce[fiofi of Ages, thoe not
in the [ame Ageyand in briefe which may be jinifbt bó the care
and charge of the pub. s thoe not bythe abilities andinduftry of
private perfons. Ff for all this there be any, who would’ rather
takatobinfelfe tbat of Solomon, Dicit Pige?’ Leo eft in via,
tbantbarof Visit Poffunt quia poffe videntur ..— “it is e-
nowph for Meri a "ny. libours m be ef ned as votes "yet 271 bet- .
UT wifbes? for as iwaskes\ fome Knowledge’ Odes.
matid à Quieftion' not imipertinencfo it requires: forie un- -
detianding to make à vvifbinot abfürd: ides liba n
IN
THE lo; VenurAw.
—
An RR
IN HONOREM :
ILLVSTRISSIMI DNI
FRANCISCI
DE .VERVLAMIO
Vice-Comitis St! Ar &AN!1!
ESXSDBRBMLIAM AB EO
InstTaur. Maa.
£2? Visifte tandem? non enim vultw ambulat
by De Quotidiano.Nefcis Fenare? audies,
ZI Dux Notionum, veritatis Pontifex,
Fnduttionis Dominus 27. Verulamii;
Rerum Magifter unicus, at non Artium:
Profunditatis Pinus, atg, Elegantia:
. Nature Arufpex intimus: Philofophie
4Erarium. Sequefter Expericntia,
Speculationifá: Aquitatis Signifer:
Scientiarum (ub puprllari Staty
Degentium olim Emancipator ; luminis
Promus: Fugator Jdolám, atá Nubium:
Collega Solis: Quadra Certitudinis:
Sophifmatum Ma[H& : Brutus Literariut »
-Autboritatis exucns T3rannidem:
Rationis © fen[w Stupendus Arbiter;
Repumicator Mentis: Atlas Phyficus,
- Aleide fuccuml enté STAGIRITICO:
Columba Nos, que in vetuftis Artibus
Nullum locum»requiemrve Cernens, pra [Lii
vÁafefuamá, Matris Arcamregredi.
Subtilitatis terebrá, ; Temporis nepos
Ex veritate matre : Mellis Alveus:
| B z Muadig,
A TE
JupcEMENTs Upon
Mundig, 49 Animarum, [acer dos unicus:
Securis Errorum ; ing, Natalibus
Granum finapa, acre aliis, Crefcens fibi.
O me prope Lafum, Fuvate Pofteri.
Geor. Hersperr Orat. Pub,
in Academ. Cantab.
MANES
MANES
VERVLAMIANI
ge ae! eg
IN OBITUM
IN COMP ARABILIS :
FRANCISCI
DE VERVLAMIO, «c.
B.PIC 6a Dies
2 NcLvrA Academia CANTABRIGIENSIS;
We) cujus felicitas fuit , viro ad falutem {cien-
2r tiarum sate, primas fapientiz mammas
: :2/9 prebere; ac Philofophum, poft occafum
Yes S8 Y Gracie, maximum , orbi dare: fuper fu-
aS Ke SA nus Alumni fui Lacrymas effudit, doctas
acduraturas meftitias. Ex hoc integro Mufarum fonte,
modica hzc fed facunda fluenta,collegit interpres;ut quod,
viventi, feculum dederat decus, glifcente adhuc invidià; &
morienti dediffe conftaret, ceffante nunc adulatione. Reli-
qua fui nominis #ternitati confecranda, continuata fecu-
lorum ferie ad ultinias ufd; mundi favillas » rependet po-
ftericas: Quis fupremam fuis laudibus manum imponct ,
novit tantum; Fundator ille, aé fimul everfor Seculorum.
B 3 Adhuc
MANES VERULAMtANI.
Dhuc füperbis in[olente purpur*
Feretri raping Inclytos in tot viros
Sterile Tribunal? cilicio dicas diem,
Saccimá, totam facito luxuricm fori.
A Themide libra secgeratur penfili,
Sed urna, pregravis urna V erulami.
Expendat.&beu! Epborw baud lancé premit,
Sed Areopagus, nec minor tantus f?phoss
QuáPorticu bracchata Nam vefler Ícholz;
Gemifícit axis, tanta dum moles ruic.
Orbis foluta cardo litterariis
Ubi fIudio coluit togam 47 trabeam part.
Qualts per umbras Ditis Curidicepagans
Palpare geshiit Orphéum, quali Orpheus,
Salientetandem (vix priw crifpa) Styge,
Alite fibras lyra titillavit manu,
Talis plicata Philologan enigmatts
Petiit “Baconum vindicem, tali manu
Latlatacriftasextulit Philofopbia:
Humid, [occts reptitantem Comicts
Non proprio Ardelionibu molimine
Sarfit,fed Inftauravit. Hine politius
Surgit cothurnocelfore, à) Organo
Stagirita virbiw reyivifcit Novo.
Calpen (uperbo Abylámq4; vincit remige
Phoebi Columbussartibus noviss Novum
Daturus Orbem; promovet conamina
Juvenilis ardor, uff, ad invidiamtrucem
F ati minacis. Quis Senex vel Hannibal;
Oculi fuper ftitis timens caliginem,
Signis Suburram ventilat viétricibus?
Quis Milo inultus quercubus bilem movet
Senectatauro gibbacum gravior premit?
Dum nofter Heros traderet (cientias
4Esernitati, bror(ut expeditior
Sui fepulchri comperitur artifex.
Plasida videtur Ecflafis fpeculatias
MANES VERULAMAANTA
Quá mens stucrivolweris Fleas boni
Fu la&feos properat Olympi qramireys o
Hi ignoratur fedibus Domeftica, .. n
Peregrinapropriu, Redit. Weklarirds
Fugax; vagatur vurfuiya) furit pedi:
Furtivatandem ferio, fe fubtrabit
Totam; gementi morbido eadayeri ^
Sic de[ue[cit anima, fic jubet mori: ^ Y E
Agite lugubres Mu[2, 47 a Libani jugis
Cumulate thura: $dut in pyram ellie 707 ay
Scintillet omne; [celus fit accendi vog. ” veil: hs
Regum Prometheocwlimart oro: \ 8 nt
Et fi quaforté ludat in cimérés facrós ^
Aura petulantior ,fugatió, füadeat ,
Tunc flete; lachrymis in: aiplexus tuent
Globuli [equaces. Denuo hice a
Ergaftuli ever[ radicits dud ^ cw
Evehere felix animas faeta pate dena io: bancs
Offende, & illuc civicam fidet fequi. m SET
€ Tripode juris, diébites opacu]a omm oon
"T hemidos alumnis. Stc oc ER ons kN Re
Aftrza priftino fruatur vindice, \. pun rine SHARE
Vel cum Bacono turfiis Afttzam m 2811) «sS
wb amu Cyan sd q par
J
Udax exemplum quo Mens comm
Et S «cli vindex ingeniofe tui, 5
Dum [enio macras¥éeoqwis fitter aed E £i
Subtrabis 9? prifco libera colla j9gos i T i n
Quo deflenda modo*yeniwnt vid fuera? quales “>
Expofcunt lacrymae, quid fibi fea oim? 0700007
Antimuit Natura parens ne nde jue c gente
Detraxit veStem dum tha deriva facram? | ~~
Jgnoti& oculis rerum patuere Réce[nin, ret
EIC dam Rimuladüllatuum»- ^57
EU
Archim,
Manes VERULAMTtANI.
An vero, Antiqua olim data Sponfa Maritir, -
Conjuges amplexum refpuit illa novi? —
An tandém damnofa piis atá, invida ceptts,
Corripuit vite fila (trabenda) tua?
Sic ultra vitreum Siculus se pergeret orbem
Priyati cecidit militis enfe Senex.
Tg, tuos maties ideo (Francifce) tuliffi,
Ne,nontentandum,perficeretur opus.
"Unt qui defunct vivant in marmore, 9 «vum
Annofis credant pofHibw omne. (uum:
Ere micant alii; aut fulvo fbefkantur in auro,
Et, dum fe ludunt, ludere fata putant.
Altera pars bominum numerosa prole (uper [Ies;
Cum Niobe magnos temnit iniqua Déos.
At tua celatis beret nec Fata (olumnis,
Nec tumulo legitur, Sifte viator iter:
Si qua Patrem proles veferatynon corporis illa eS
Sed quafi de cerebronata Minerva Jovis.
Primatibi virtus monumenta perennia praftats
Altera, nec citius corruitura, Libri:
Tertia Nobilitas; ducant jam fata triumphos,
Que (Francifce) mui sil nif corpus babent.
Urrag, pars melior» Mens Q7 bona Fama fuper(utt,
Non tanti utredimas vile cadaver babes.
T. Vincent. T. C.
— m
Ux fundite nunc aquas perennes
In Threnos, Lacrymáf/5, ,. Apollo fundas
Quat vel Caftalium tenet Fluentum: |
Nam Letbo neg, cowyenire tanto:
Po[sint nenia parvas nec coronent
Immenfabac modice fepulchra gutta;
Nervw ingenii, Medulla fuadz...
Dicendig, Tagus, reconditarum. .
MANES VERULAMIANI.-
Et gemma pretia Literarum,
Fatis concidit ; (beutrium Sororum
Dura (lamina) Nobilis Baconus.
O quam te memorem Bacone fumme
Noffrocarmine! 47 illa gloriofa
Cunétorum monumenta feculorum,
Excufaingeniotuo, ¢) Minerva!
Quam dochis,elegantibus, profundis,
Inftauratio Magna, plena rebut!
Quanto luminetineas Sophoram
Difpellit veterum tenebricofas
Ex chao procreans novam. coghar?
Sic ip(e Deus inditum [epulchro |
Corpus reftituet manu potenti: -
Ergo non morerts (Bacone) namte
A morte, S tenebrir, Q9. afepulchro,
Inftauratio Magna vindicabut.
RCT. "
Arcite: Nofler amat facunda filentialufiws,
Poft quam obiit [olui dicere qui potait:
Dicere, qua [Hupeat Procerum generoja coronas
| Nexaá, follicitis folvere Tura rets.
Vaflum opus. At noftras etiam V erulamius artes
InsTauraT vetered; condit @ ille neyas.
Non qua majores: Penitos verum ille rece{[us
NATUR, dtidaci proyocat ingenio.
Aft Ea, fifte gradum, feri(q; nepotibus, (inquit,)
Linque quod inventum fxcla minora juvet.
Sit fatis, his fefe quod nobilitata Jnventiss
lactent ingenio tempora noftra tuo.
Eftaliquid, quo mox ventura fuperbiet xtass
Eft, foli notum quod decet effe mihi: |
Sittua laus, pulchtos Corpus duxiífe per artus;
Integra cui nesmid reddere membra queat:
; G Sie
Manes VERULAMtANI.
Sicopus artificem infectum commendat Apellem; -
Cum pingit reliquam nulla manus Venerem.
Dixit, à? indulgens ceco Natura fiori,
Prafecuit vite Filum OperifG, fimul.
At Tu, qui pendentem audes detexére telam,
Solus quem condant bec monwmenta [cies.
(C Coll.Trin.Soeius.
I) Cm moriens tantamnofiris Verulamius Heros
Trislitiam Mufis, luminag, uda facit: —
Credimu beu nullum fieri post fata beatum,
Credimus ¢) Samium defipuiffe fenem.
Scilicet hic miferis, falix nequit effe» Camaniss
Nec fe quàm Mulas plus amatifle fade.
At luétantem animam Clotho imperiofa coé git
Ad celum invitos traxit in astra pedes.
Ergone Phoebetas jacuiffe putabimus artes?
. Atá, her bas Clariinil valuiffe Dei? |
Phoebus idem potuit nec virtw abfuit berbis, |
Hunc artem atá, illas vim retinere putes:
At Phoebum (ut mersit ne Rex foret ifle Camenis)
Rivali medicam crede neg alfe manum.
Hinc dolor eSt.quod cum Phoebo Verulamius Heros
Major erat reliquissbae foret arte minor. 1
Vostamen tantum Manes atá, *Ombfa, Camxnzs
Et pene inferni pallida turba Jovis,
Si fpiratis adbuc, 9 non lufiftis ocellos,
Sed neg, poft illum vos fuperelfe putem:
S? vos ergo aliquis de morte reduxerit Orphew,
J5taá, non aciem fallit imago meam:
Dicite nunc geinitur Q7 lamentabile carmen,
Ex cculis veftris lacryma multa fluat.
En quam multa fluit? verds agnofco Camznas
Et lacrymas, Helicon vix fatis ww erit;
Deucalionzis 07 qui nos mer[us in undis
Pernaflus
Manes VERULAMIANI.
—— m M À—"
Pernaflus (mirumeft) hifce latebit aquis. s
Scilicet bic periit per quem vos vrvitis, °F qui
Mult Pierias nutviit arte Deas.
Vidit ut hic artes nulla vadice retentas,
Languere ut [umino ( amima [Bara folo;
Cre{cere Pegaleas doeaitsvelut Hafl a Quirini
Crevit et exiguo tempore Laurus erat.
ErgoHeliconiadas docuit cim erefcere divas:
Diminuent bujw fecula nulla decus.
Nec ferre ulterinsgemerofi peékoris [tus
(Contemptum potuit, Diva Minervastutim
Reffituit calamus folitum divinus bonorem,
Difpulit 2 nubes Altér Apollo tuas.
Difpulit & tenebras [ed quas obfu[ca vetuftas,
Temporis «7 pri[ci lippafenetta tulit; -
Atq; altas methodos (acrum in[lauravit acumen,
Gnolsiaq; eripuit; fed fna fila dedit.
Scilicet antiquof apicstum vulgus in avo
Tam claros oculos nop babuifJe liquet;
Hi velut Eoo [urgens de littore Phoebus,
~ Hic welut in media fulget Apollo die:
Hi veluti Typhistentarunt equora primum,
At yix de[eruit littora prima vatis, |
Pleiadas bic Hyadafq; atq; omnia f'ydzra nofcenss
Syrtes, atq; tuos,improba Sylla, canes; —
Scit quod vitandum eft, quo dirigat equore navem;
Certils C7 curfum nautica monftrat atm:
Infantes ili Mulas, bic gignit adultas;
Mortales illi, gignit at iste Deas.
Palmas ideo reliquis Magna Inftautatio libre
AbStulit, 7 cedunt {qualia tur b a fophi.
Et ve[lita novo Pallas modo prodit amitiu,
Anguts depofitis ut nitet exuviis.
Sic Phoenix cineres fpeft at modo nata paternoss
Efonis & rediit prima juventá fenis.
Jeftaurata fuos (2 fe Verulamia muros a
p € $ Taktat,,
——— tt att
Manes VERULAMIANI,
jaa i2 antiquum [perat ab inde deque.
Sed quanta efjulgent plus quam mortalis ocelli
Lumina,dum regni myftica facra canat?
Dum fic nature leges, arcanag, Regum;
Tanquam à [ecretis effet utrique > canat:
Daim canat Henricum» qui Rex, idemá, Sacer dos;
Connubio Stabili junxit utramg, Rofam. iI i
Atqui bec (unt noftris longé majora Camenis, NU!
Non b«c inf xlix Granta, fed Aula fziat:
Sed cum Granta labris admoverit ubera tanti aq
Iw babet in laudes (maxime Alumne) twas.
Tus babet, ut iac (Los laerymit extingueret ignes»
Poffét ut € medio diripui[fe rogo.
At noflra tibi nulla ferant encomia Mulz,
Ipfe canis, laudes (9 canis inde tuas.
Nostamen i7 laudes, qua poffunus artes canes,
Sitamen ars defit, laus erit ifle dolor.
Tho. Randolph. T.C. -
S Ic cadit Aonii rariffima Gloria cetis?
vA Etplacet Aoniis credere femen agris?
Frangantur Calamis difrumpanturg, libelli,
Hoc po(fint tetrice fi modo jure Dex.
Heu qua lingua filet, que jam facundia ce[Jat;
Quo fugit ingenii Netkar Q2 Efcatur?
Quomodo Mufarum wobis contingit Alumnis
«Ct caderet noflri prefes Apollo chori?
Si nil cura, fides, labors aut vigilantia pofsint,
Sig, feret rapidas, de tribu una, manus ;
Cur nos multa brevi nobis proponimus yo?
Cur putriexcutims fcripta fcpulta fiut
Scilicet ut dignos aliorum à Morte labores
Dum rapimit, nos Mers in. fua jura trabat.
Quid
,
Ee ————Á—
—————HÉHUPÉO ÉÁÉEPCR
SOS oe
ee E
MaANES VERULAMIANI.
guid tamen incaljum nil proficientia fundo
Verba? quis optabit te reticente, loqui? —
Nemotuam [pargat violis fragrantibus urnams
Nectibi Pyramidum mole [epulchra locet;
Nam tua confervant opero[a voluminafamam;
Hoc fatis, bec probibent te monumenta mori.
Williams.
Rdinefequeretur defcriptio Tumuli VerucaMiant,
monumentumNobiliff. Mur 1511,in honorem domini
fui conftructum, quápietate, & dignitatem Patroni fui,
quem (quod rari faciunt,etiam poft cineres Coluit) confu-
luit; Patriz (uz opprobrium diluit; fibi nomen condidit.
Bufta hzc nondum invifit Interpres, fed invifurus: Interim
Lector tua cura Commoda,& abi in rem tuam.
Creícit occulto velut Arbor «vo
Fama BaAcout. -
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FRANCISCVS.
BARO DE VERVLAMIO
Vice-Comes SaNcT1 ÁrsANI
ALMAE MATRI |I N C L Y T &
INCLTTJE ACAD. ACADEMIA
CANTABRIGIENSI. 5. || OXONIENSI. S.
arm -
vero facio , idem & vos hortor,
utAucmenris Sciss-||fcrim, deeffem fané officio, fi
&in Animi modeftia libertatem jus non deferrem. Sicut autem
ingenii retineatis; Ned; talen- || eos hortatus fum, ita & vos hor-
tum à veteribus concreditum in
rIARUM ftrenué incumbatis: | fimile Amoris pignus forori e-
tor ut Screnrrarum Auc-
* =
fudario reponatis. Affucrit pro- || mewrrs ftrenué incumbatis,&
9 culdübió veterum
: : as
pe dle.
cubdubio & affulftrit | Divi-
ni Luminis Gratia, fi humili.
aa & fubmiffà R a1rcro-
wt Pmurxoso»ura cla-
vibus fenfüs legitime & dex-
treutaminis & amoto omni con-
tradigtionis ftudio, Quifq; cum
alio, ac fi ipfe fecum difpu-
tet, Falete,
veterum labores,neq; nihil, neq;
omnia effe putetis; fed vires eti-
am pfoprias modefte perpenden-
tes, fubindetamen experiamini,
omnia cedent quam optimé ; fi
Arma nonalii in alios vertatis
fed junctis copiis in Natura rerü
impreflion€ faciatis, fufficit quip-
peillaHonori &Victoriz;V alte.
dm
$22697 $0:
Di ae ik ae tie
ERANCIS LO. races
CONSULTED, THUS, |
AND THVS CONCLVDED-
WITH HIMSELFE; THE P UB.
LICATION WHEREOF HE
CONCEIPD DID. CONCERNE
THE PRESENT, AND
FUTURE AGE,
OEY tae it was manifeftly known
a Xm unto His Lord(lup, that humaneun-
275 derftanding creates it felfe. much
(& V4.9 * trouble nor makes an aptand fober
RCSA ule of fuch Audes, as are within the
ES osi of Man; from whence infinite 1g00-.
rance of Things;and from thei ignorance of Things,
innumerous df advantages, his opinion was, that
with all our induftry we fhould endeavour, if hap-
pily that fame COMMERCE OF THE
MIND AND OF THINGS (than
which a greater blefsing can hardly be found on
Earth, certainly of earthly Felicities,) might by a-
ny means bes entirely veflored , at leaft brought to
termes of neerer correfpondence. But that Errors,
which have prevailed,and prevaile would for ever,
oneafter another, cif the mind wereleft free to it felf)
{hould rectify themfelves, either by the imbred pow-
Aya aa ery
Vicountr St Arspans MorTiIVEs
er of the underfanding, or by theaides and afsiftan-
ces of Logick, there wasno hope atall; becaufe that
the Primitive Notions of Things, which the mind
with a too facile and: fupine attractive faculty re-
ceives 1n; treafures up and accumulates, from
whichall the-reft are derived; are unfound, confu-
{ed,andrafbly abftracted from things. The like luxu-
riant vanity and inconftancy there 1s in the fecond
and fequent Notions; whence1t comes to paffe,chat
all chat human Reafon which weemploy, as couch-
ing the Inquifition of Things, is not well digefted
and built; but like fome magnificent Pile without
foundation. For whileft men admire and celebrate
the counterfeit forces of the mind; hir true powers
which might be raifed (were right dire&ions admi:
niftred, and fhe taught to become obfequious to
things, and not impotently to infult over them)
they pafse byand loofe.T his one Way remaineth that
the bufinefse be wholly reatempted with better pre-
parations; & thatthere be throughout, 42, 12NC-
STeAVRATION, OF SCIENCES AND
eARTS, andofall Human Learning rais'd from
folid foundations. And this though it may feeme
ina fortan infinit enterprize, and above mertall abi-
lities, yet the fame will be found more found and ad-
vifed, than thofe performances which hetherto
have bin atchieved: for in. this there is fome ifsue;
but in the endeavoursnow undertaken about Scien-
ces,a perpetuall wheeling, A gitation and Circle, Ner-
therishe ignorant how unfrequented this Expert.
ence
To His InsTiur. OF SciENCZE:.
ence 1s, how difficile and incredible to perf wade a be-
liefe, yet he thought not to defert the defigne, nor
himfelfe, but to try and fet upon the way, which a-
lone is pervious and penetrableto the mind of Man.
For itis better to give a begianing to athiag which
may once come to an ead, dm Withan "her con-
tention & ftudie to be eawrapt in thofe mazes which
areendlefle. And the waies of Contemplation for
moft part re(emble thofe celebrated waies of Action,
the one,at the firlt eatrance hard and difficult,endsin
an open plain; the ot herat firit fight ready aad eaf y,
leads into by-waies and downfal ic s: And being ne was
uncertain When {uch confiderations ciui hereat-
ter come into any mans mind, induced efpecially
from this argument, chat there hath none hetherto
appear'd, who hath applied his mind to fuch cogita-
tions, he refolv’d to publith, feperatly 2 che Firfl parts
as they could be perfected. Neither is this an ambiti-
ous but follicitous feftination, that 1f in the mean
fpace he fhould depart this mortall ftatioa; there
might yet remain a defignation aad deftination of the
thing he comprehended in his mind; and withall
fome Demontftration of his fincere and propenfeaf-
fection to promote the good of Mankind. ‘Truly he
eftimed other ambition whatfoever, inferior to che
butinefle he had in hand: For either the matter in
confultation, and thus farre profequuted, is nothing;
or fo much as the confcience of the meritit felfe,
ought to give him contentment without feeking
a recompence from abroad.
aa 2 , . Tie
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Mr.
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HIS GREAT INSTAVKATION.
THE PREFACE.
Of the State or Learnine; that itis not Prospg-
Rous, nor greatly ADVANCED; and that a farre. different
way,than hath bin known to former Ages,muft be o-
pened, to mans underftanding ; and other Aides
procured ; thatthe Mind may practife her
owne power upon the
. nature of things.
aee esCm T feemes tome, that men neither un-
M& desftand the Eftate they poffofJe, nor
thew Abilities to purchafe. but of the one
[2-579 to prefume more, of the other, leffe,than
R5 ST 94 indeed they fhould. So it comes to paffe,
that over-prizing the Arts received, they make no far-
ther Inquiry; or undervaluing themfelues, more than
in equity they ought, they expend their Abilities upon
matters of [lebt confequence, never once making expe-
rimentof thofethings which conduce tothe fumme of
the bufnef[e. Wherefore, Sciences alfo have, as it
Were, their Fatall Columnes; being men are not exct-
223 ted
i M —— ——— € € tà.
Vicount St ALBAN
ted, eather out of Deftre, or Hope, to penetrate farther.
And feemg the Opinion of ‘Wealth. 1s:one of the
chief caufes of want; and that out of a confidence of
what we polfeffe in prefent, true afsiftances are defpifed
for the future, it 1s expedient, nay altogether necefjary,
that the excefsive Reyerence and «A dniration con-
ceived of thofe Sciences, which hetherto have bin
Found out, fhould in the Front and Entrance of thes
work , (and that roundly and undiffemblingly) by fome
wholfome premonttion,be taken off, left their (opie and
V'tility be too much Magnified and (elebrated. For.
he that furvaies with diligence all the variety of Books,
wherem Arcs aud Sciences triumph, fhall every where
Jinde infinite repetitions of the [ame matter, for manner
of Delivery d:verfe, but for Invention [lale and preoc-
cupate; fo as what at firft view feen’d numerous, after
examination taken, are found much abated. § e/fs
for Profit may confidently avouch it, that the wif:
dome we have extratted , chiefly from the Grecians,
seems tobe a Childhood of Knowledge, and topartici-
pate that which 1s proper to children, namely, that it is
apt for talk, but impotentand immature for propa-
gation: for it 18 of Controverfies rank and fertile, but
of works barren and fruitlefJe. So that the Fable and
fiction of Scylla, feemes to be a lively Image of the Rate
of Learning, as now it 1, which for the upper parts
had the face and countenance of a comely Virgin; but
was from the wombe downward circled, and enwrapt —
with barking Monfters, Sotbe Sciences wherein we
aretrained up, contain in them certain de
eci-
His PREFACE.
ffpecious and plaufible, but when you defcend unto par-
ticulars, as tothe Parts of Generation, expetting folid
offedts , and fubflantiall operations, then Contentions
and Barking Altercations arife , wherein they clofe,
and which Jupply the place» of a fruitfull wombe...
$ Again,if thefe kinds of Sciences were not altogether
ameere Ityelefe T hing, methinkes it fhould not have
falne out, which now for many Ages hath continued,
that they /hould thus ftand at a flay, in a manner im-
moveable in their firft Footings, without any Aug-
mentation worthy the Race of Mankind, in fuch a dull
Fmpropicience,that not only Affertion remaines Afferti-
on, but Queftion refts ftill Queftion, which by Difputes
is not determined but fixt and cherifht: and all T radi.
tion and SuccefSton / Dipl delivered from hand
to hand, Maca and exhibits tbe Perfons of Teacher
and Schollar, not of Inventor or of one fhould adde;
fomething of note to what winvented. § But in
Arts Mechanicall we fee the contrary hath come to
pafe. which as if they were infpired by the vitall breath
and prolifique influence. of a thriving Aire,are daily
Propagated and Perfected, and which iu their firft
Autors appeared, for the moft part rude and even bur-
thenfome and Formeleffe , have afterward acquird
new-refind virtues and a certain apt Propriety and ufe-
full Accommodation, fo infinizely fruitfull, that fooner
may mens fludies and defires languifh, and change,
than thefe Sciences arrve at their full height and per-
jettion. § (Contrariwife Philofophy, and Scien-
ces Intellectual, ike Statues are ador'd and pr
| ted,
Vicounrtr St ALBAN
ted, butnotling Advanct; nay commonly of moft vi-
gor in their firft Autor, and by Time Degenerate and
become embafcd. For fince the time men became de-
voted and, as Pedary Senators, refigned over to the
Placits and Definitwns of one, they doe not adde any
Amplitude to Sciences, but are wholly taken up in a
fervile duty of Polifhingor Protecting certam Au-
tors. § » And let no man bere alleage, that S ciences.
growing up by degrees, have at length arrived to a juft
period or perfect Stature,and fo (as baving filled up the
juft [paces of Augmentation) have fetled and fixt
them felves in the workes of fome few Autors; and now
that nothing more accomplifht can be found out, there,
remaines no more to doe, but that the Sciences already
extant be improved, and adorned. Fndeed tt could be
wifht that the fate of Learning were thus profpe-
rous; but the very truth s, thefe mancipations and fer-
vile refignations of Sciences, ts nothing elfe but & pec-
cant humor, bred out of a dareing lul and confidence in
fome few, and a languifhing floth and Pufillanimity in
the reft. For when Sciences (for fome parts it may
be) have bin tilled and laboured with diligence, then
perchance hath there rifen up [ome bold-undertaking
wit, for Compendious brevity of Method populare, and
plaufible, who in [bew hath conftituted a Science , but
tndeed depraved the Labours of the Ancients: Yet
thefe Abridgements finde acceptation with Pofterity,
for the expedite ufe of fuch a work, and to ayoid the
trouble and impatience of anew Inquiry. § Andif
any [land upon Confent now inveterate,as the Fudge-
ment
p— re —
‘His PREFACE.
ment, and » of T une, let Lim know be builds upon a
ver) decervable and anfirme Foundation, Nor 13 it, for
moft part, fo revealed unto us, whatin Arts and 8 cien-
ces hath bin difcovered and brought to light in diverfe
ages, and different Regions of the world, much leffe
what hath bin experimented, and feriovfly laboured by
particular Perfons in priuate; For neither the Burthes,
nor the Abortions of Time have bin Regiftred.
§ Nor i Confent it (elf, nor the long continuation
thereof with fuck reverence beadored.for loweycr there
amy be many Kindes of States Civile Government;
yetthe Stateot Sciences is but one, w!ich ahyates
yas and fowill contimue,Populareand with the Pople
theDifciplines moft in requeft.are either P ugnacious
and. Polemicall, or Specious and Frivolous, name-
ly fuch as citber Mlaqueate or allure te Affent. Where-
fore without quz[Hon,tbe great^[t wits in cvery age have
bin over-borne,<yin a fort tyranni zed over whilft men
of Capacity and Comprebenfion about the vulgare, yet
confulting their own Credit and Reputation, bave [ub-
mitted themfclves to the over-fmaymg Fuleement of
Time aad Multitude. Lhercfore if in any Time or
‘Place, more profound (Contemplations fave perchance
emerged aud revealed themfilves, they have bin fortb-
ith toft and extinguifht by tbe Windes and Tempefts
of Populare opinions: fothat Yimelikea River car-
mies down to us that whichis light and blowen up;
but fiaksamd drownes that which is waighty and fo-
hd... $ Aa ty the very [ame Autors, who have ufurpt
"a andof Dictatureim Sciences, and with fuch confi-
bb
CHEE
cf
—
Vicounr St ALBAN |
dence paft cenfure upon matters in doubt , have yet
(the beat once over) in the lucide Intervalles, from
tbefe peremptory fits of Affcveration, changed their note
and betakcn them[elves to complaints,upon the fubtlety
of Nature; the fecret Receflesof Truth; tbe Obfcu-
rity of Things; the Implication of Caufes; the In-
firmity of Maas Difceraing Power: Yet noghing the
more inodeft for all this,fceing they chuferather to charge
the Fault upon the common condition of Man and
Nature, than to acknowledge any Perfonall deficience
in themfelves. Yea it 1s a thing ufuall with them, that
what they cannot compajfe by Art,their way applied, to
conclude the fame smpofable to be attained by the fame
Art: and yet for all this, Art muft not be condemned,
being [De is to examine and judge, wherefore the aime
and intention of fuch accufations ts only this, That Ig
norance may be delivered fró Igaominy. § So Like-
wile what zs already commended unto us and intertained
hetherto,1s for moft part fuch'a kind of Knowledge,as ts
full of Words and Queftions, but barren of Works and
reall Improvement, for Augmentation backward and
heartleffe, pretending perfection in the whole, but all
filled up in the Parts, for choice Populare, and of tbe
Autors themfelves fufpetted, and therefore fortified and
countenanced by artifictous evafions. § And the
"Perfons who have entertained a defigneto make triall
themfelves and to give fome Advancement to Scien+
ces, and to Propagate their bounds, eveiethe/e Au-
tors durfl not make an open departure from the Com-
mou received opinions, nor viftte the Head_fprings of
nature,
His PREFACE.
Nature but take themfelves to Lave done a great mat-
ter, and to bave gai ned much upon tie Age, if they may
but interlace,or annex any thing of their own, provi-
dently confidering with tbemfeloes that by thefe middle
courfes, they may both conferve tie modelty of Af-
fenting; and the liberty of Adding. But wlileft they
thus cauteloufly conforme themfelves to Opinions and
Cuflomes , thefe Plaufible moderatioas, redound to
tbe great prejudice and detriment of. Learning, For at
once to Admireaad goe beyond Autors , are habits
íeldome compatible: butit comes to pafle here after
the maaner of Waters, which will not afcend high-
er than the levell of the firft fpring-head, from
whencethey defcended; wherefore fuch writers a-
mend many things, but promote litle or notbing, mak-
ing a Proficience in Nlelioration, not i ^ ugmeatati
on. $ Neither hath there bin wanting undertak-
ing Spirits, who witha more refolute confidence, pre-
fuming nothing yet done, take themfelves to be the
men, muft reélify All, and imploying the flrength of
their wits in crying down, and reverfing ‘all former
judgements, havemade paffage to them/elves and their
own Placits, whofe buly Clamor, hath not much advan-
ced Knowledge, fince their aime and intention hath
bin, not to enlarge the bounds of Philofophy and
Arts, by a fincere and folid Enquiry; ut only to
change the Placits, and tranflate the Empire of Opini-
ons,and fettle it upon them/felves, with litle advantage
to Learning, fecing amongft oppofite Errors, the
Caufesof Erringare commonly thefame. $^ And
2
if
14
—
12
VicouNT St ArLs'AN
if any incoscerned natures, not mancipate to others,or
their own opinions, but affecting liberty, have bin fo
farre ammated, as to defire that others together with
themfelves, would make farther Inquiry, thefe furely
have meant well, but performed litle, for they feem to
have proceeded upon probable gromids only , being
wheeled about in a vertiginous maxe of eAreuments,
and hy a promifcuous licence of Ingury, have indeed
loof-ned the fincwes of fevere laquifition: nor hath any
of all thefe with ajuft patience, and [uf ficient expettance
attended tte Operations of nature, and be fuccefles
of Experience. § Some again haves embarque
themfelyes in the Sea of Experiments, and become al-
moft Mecbanicall, bur: in the Experience it Jue, they
have pratlifed a roveing manner of Inquiry , which
they doe not in a regular courfe conftantly purfuen.
§ Nay many propound to themfelves, certain petty
T askes, taking themfelves to bave accomplifht a great
performance, 1f they can but extract fome one Fn vention
by a manage as poore as impertitent, for none rightly
and fucceffefully [earch the natures of any thing to the
lifeinche Thang 1t elfe; but after a painfull and dili-
gent variation of Experiments, not breakin £ off there,
proceeds on, finding flill emergent matter of farther
Difcovery. § Andit isan Error of fpeciall uote,
that theindufixy beftowed in. Experiments, bath pre-
Jently, uponthe firft acceffe into the Bufinef[e, by a too
forward and unfeafonable Defire, feifed upon fome.
defend. operation: I mean fousht after, Fractfera
non Lucifera, Experiments of ufe and not Expe-
riments
ee
His PREFACE.
riments of Light and Difcovery: not. imitating tbe
divine method which created the firft day Light ond,
and allowed it one entire ‘Day, produceing no Mater
ate work the (ame day, but d» /cended to their Creation
thedaies following. § As for tofe who bave given
the preemmence unto Logique, and are of opinion that
the fureft Guards for £ciences muft be procurd from
thence; trey have truly and wifely difcerned, tht the
mind of man, and Intellettive Faculiy eft uncoit felf,
may defervedly be fufpetted. “Buz the remedy is too
weak for the difezfey and i 1t felf not exempt from
pee ; for the | ogique m force , though
at may be rightly accommodated unto matters Civile
and Populare Sciences, which confifl in Dif courfe
and Opinion. yet it comes farre fhort of penetrating
the fubtlety of Nature; and usdertakine more thanit
can majter, feemes racher to. ftabli(h and fixe Errors
than to open a Way:to Truth. § Wherefore to
vecolled what hath bin fard, it feemes that neither Va-
formation from others, nor mens own Taquiries
touching Sciences, bath hetherto ee
forth, efpecialh feemg there is fo litle certamty in Det
monftration and. Fofalhibiliy of Experiments: thus
farre difcovered. Aad the Fabrique of tbe Univerfe
to the contemplative eye of the Mind, for the frames
thereof w lke fomes Labyrinth or intricate Mae,
where fomany doubtfull paffages, fuch deceivable ve-
femblances, of Things and Signes, fuch oblique and
Serpentine. windings and implicite knots of Nature
every where prefent them/elves, as confounds the yn
| bb 3 derflanding.
15
DM
Vicount St ALBAN
derflanding. And withall, we mufl continually make
our way, through the woods of Experiences, and parti»
cular Natures,by the incertain Light of Senfe, fome-
times fDining fometimes fhadowed: vea and the guides,
which (as hath bin toucbt ) offer their afsiftance, they
likewife are entangled, and help to make up the number
of Evrors and of thofe that Erre, In matters of [uch
perplext difficulty, there 1s no »elsing upon the Ludge-
ment of men from their own abilities , or upon the Ca-
fuall Felicity of Particular events; for neither the ca-
pacity of Mano excellent foever; nor the chance of
Experience, never fo often iterated and effayed, is of
force toconquer thefe myflertes: we muft march by line
and levell, and all the way, even from the firft vercepti-
on of Senfes, muft be fecured, and fortified by a certain
Rule, and conftant Method of proceeding. § Yet
are not thefe things fo to be under/tood, as if, in fo many
eA ges, and fo much Induftry, nothing at all hath bin
performed to purpofes nor w there any caufe why it
fhould repent us of the Difcoveries already made, for
certainly the Ancients ,in thofe fpeculations which con-
fift in ftrength of wit, and abjtratt meditation, have ap-
proved thenfelves men of admirable comprehen fins:
But ai inthe Artof Navigation, the men of former
Ages, dieting their courfe by obferuation of flarres
only, cculd edge along the coaft of the known Continent,
and it may be,croffe fome narrow Seas or theMediter-
ranean; but before the Ocean could be thus commanded,
and the Regions of the new world difcovered, it was
requifite that the ufe of the Mariners needle,as.a more
fure
M
His PREFACE.
Jure and certain guide fhould be fir/t found out. even fo
what difeoverics [oever have bin betberto made in Arts
and Scieaces, they are of that quality, as might have
bin brought to light by Prattice, Meditation, Obfer-
vation. and Difcourfe,as things neerer the fenfes, and
for moft part, under the command of common 3Noti-
ons, but before we can make our approactes, tothe ve-
mote and hidden fecrets of ature, it is necefJarily re-
quifite, that a better and more perfect ufe, and pra-
clique-operation of tie eALind and underftanding
Faculty be introduct.. S. es for us; furely we,
Cvanquifht with animmortall love of Truth) haves
exposd our felves to doubtful, difficult, and defert
Pathes, and by the protection and affiflance of tbe ‘Di-
vine power, have borneup and encouraged our felves,
again/t the violent Affaults and prepared Armies, as it
were, of Opinions, and agatnft our own private andin-
ward be[itations and [cruples, and againft the cloudes
and darkueffe of Nature, and enery where fling fan-
cies, that fo we might procure the prefént and future
Age more fafe and found Fndications and Improftons
of Truth. If in this highand arduous attempt, we
have made any Proficience, furely by mo other means
have we cleered our [el'oesa way, than by a fincere and
Juft humiliation of the fpirit of Man, to the lawes
aud operations cf Nature. For all they that went
before us, who applied themfelves to the finding out of
Arts, cafting a tranfent eye upon Things, examples,
and experience, have prefently (as if Fuvyention were
nothing elfe but a meere Agitationof Braine) invoked
in
ij
16
VicouxT St ALBAN
in amanner tbeir own fpirits, to divine and utter Ora-
cles unto them: but we being chaftly and perpetually con-
verfant with the operations of Nature,divorce not the
Fntelles from the Objetl farther than that the Images
and beams of things (asin fenfe) may meet and con-
centrate; by which manner of proceeding, there is not
much left to the ftrength and excellency of wit. The
fame fubmifsion of fpirit we have prattifed in difcovery,
we have follavedinDelivery:; Nor have we endea-
vour'd to fet off our [elves with Glory or draw a Maje-.
JD upon our inventions, either by Triumphs of Confu-
tations: or Depofitions of e/fntiquity; or an ufurpation
of Authority, or the vatle of Obfcurity, which are Arts
emay eafily find out, whofe sindy 1s not fo much the
"Profit of others, as Applaufe to bimfelfe. I fay we nei-
ther have prattifed, nor goe we about, by force or fraud
to circumvent mens Fudgements, but conduct them to
C the things themfelves, and to the league and confedera-
cy of Tvings, that they may Jee what they have, what
they reprehend, what they adde and contribute tothe
Publique. And if we have bin too credulous, or too
dormant, and not fo intenttye upon the matter, or lan-
guifh: inthe way, or broken off the thread of the Jaqui-
ry, yet notwithftanding we prefent things after fuck a
manner open and naked, that our Errors may be dete-
fled and feparated before they can fpread themfelves,
or inftnuate their (Contagiontnto the maffe of Sciences;
and after {uch a Method as the continuation of our la-
bours, 1s amatter facile and expedite. By this means
we prefumewe have eftabhi/ht for ever, a trueand le-
gitimate
por d
His PREFACE.
giti mate Marriage, between the Empiricalland Ra-
tionall faculty; whofe faftidious and unfortunate Di-
vorce and Separation,hath troubled and diforaered the
whole Race and Generation of Man-kind. § And
feeing thefe performances are not within the compaffe
of our meere naturall Power and command, we doe
heere,in the Acceffe to this work , Powre forth hum-
bleftand nioft ardent fupplicatioas to God the Fa-
ther,God the Word, God the Spirit, chat they being
mindfulll of the Mifertés of Mankind, and of the
Pilgrimage of this lite, wherein we weare out few &
evill daies, they would vouchfafe to endow man-
kind, by my handwith new Donatives. And more-
over, We humbly pray, that Humane knowledges,
may no way impeach,or prejudice Divine Truths;
nor that fromthe difclofing of the waies of fenfe,
aad the letting in of a more: plentifull Naturall
Light, any mifts of Incredulity or cloudsof Dark-
nefle arife ip our minds,touching Divine M yfteries;
butrather that froma purified Intellect, purged from
Fanciesand Vanity, and yet yeeldedand abfolutely
rendred up to Divine oracles; the tributes of Faith
may be rendredto Faith. In the laftplace, that the
venome of knowledge infufed by the Serpent,
whereby the mind of manis {welledand blown up,
being voided;we may not be too afpireingly wife, or
above fobriety, butthat we may improveand propa;
gate Verity in Charity. § Na» we have perfore
med our vowes to heaven, converting our felves to men,
we admonifh them fomethings that are Profitable, and
Sat cc .. reque
Vicount St ALBAN
requeft of them fome things that are equall, Firft "m
Philo. Iud.
admonifb (which thing we have alfo prayed for, ) that
we keep human Reafon within due Limits in matters
Divine, and Senfe within compaffe : For fenfe like the
Sunne, opensand reveales the face of the Terreftriall
Globe, but fhuts up and conceales the face of the
Celeftiall. e4gain,that men beware that in flight fron
this error, they fall not upon a contrary extreme, of too
muchabafing Naturall Power, which certainly will
come to paffe,if tbey once entertain a conceit, that there
are fome fecrets of nature feperate andexempt, asit
were by iniunctionfrom Humane Inquifiaon. For
it was not that pure and immaculate Naturall
knowledge, by the light whereof &/ dam gave names
unto the Creatures, according to the propriety of
their natures, which gave the firft motion and oc-
cafion to the Fall,but it was that proud and Impera-
tive Appetite of Morall knowledge, defineing the
. lawesand limits of Good and Evill, with an intent
Prov.35.
dulgence and goodneffe to man-kind , bad chofen. the
in man to revolt from God, and to give lawes unto
himfelfe, which wasindeed the proie of the Primi-
tive Temptation. For, of the knowledges which con-
template the works of Nature, the holy Philofopber
bath [ad expreffely, that the glory of God 1s to con-
ceale a thing, but the glory of the King isto findit
Gut: 4s if the‘Divine Nature, accordin 9 to the inno-
‘cent and {weet play of children, which lade themfelves
tothe end they may be found, took delight to bide bis
works,totbe end they msgbt be found outgand of bis in-
foule
His PREFACE.
Soule of man to be bis Play-fellow in this game. § In
fumme, I would advife all in general, that they would
take into fertous conftderation the true and Genuine
ends of knowledge.that they feck it not either for P lea-
ure; or Contention; or contempt of others, or for Profit;
or Fame; or for Honor, and ‘Promotion, or fuch like
adulteraie or inferior ends:but for the merit and emo-
lument of Life, ana that they regulate and perfett tle
fame in charity: For the defire of Power, wasthe
- Pall of Angels, the defire of knowledge, the fall of
Man; but in charity chere isno excefle, neither men
nor’ Angels ever incurred. danger by it... § The
Nequ [Is e make. are thefe,¢ Lo [p nothing of our
elves touching the matter 1n hand) ne Requeft thus
much, hat men would notihink of itas an opinion,
butasa work, aad take it for. Truth, that our aime,
and endisnot to lay the foundation of a Sect or Pia-
cit, but of Humane ProfitandProficience. § A.
gain, that refpetling their own Benefit, and putting off
Partialines and Prejudices, they would all coniribuce
in one for the publique Good: and that being freed and
fortified by our Preparations and Aids, againft the Er-
rors and Impediments of the wates, they likewife may
comein, and bear a part in the burden, and inberit a
$ : :
portion of the. Labours that yet remaine— behind.
§ Moreover that they cheere up themfelves, and con-
ceive well of the enterprife; and not freure unto them-
selves a conceit and fancy, that this Our Inftauration
isa matter infinite, and beyond the power and com-
pafse of Mortality, feeing isin truth the right and
ez legitimate.
19
20
VicouxT St ALBAN
legitimate end and period of Infinite Errors and not un-
mindfull of Mortality and Humane Condition, being
it doth not promife that the Defigne may be accom-
plifht within the Revolution of an 2A ge only, but deli-
vers it over to “Poftertty to Perfeét. Fn a word, tt
feeks not Sciences arrogantly m the cells of mais
wit, but fubmifsively m the greater world: And
commonly, Empty things are vaft and boundleffe,
but Solids are contracted and determined withia à
narrow compafse § To conclude, we thought
good to make it our laft fuit, (left peradventure
through the difficulty of the Attempt, any fhould be-
come unequal Iudges of our Labours) that men fee to
it, how they doe, from that which we muft of necefity
lay downasaground (if we will be true toour own
ends) affume a liberty to cenfure, and paffe fentence up-
onour labours. feeing we reject all this premature and
Anticipated humane Reafon, rafhly and too fudden-
ly departed from T hings, (as touching the Inquifiti-
on of Nature ) asa thing various, difordered and ill
built NC either in equity can it berequired of us, to
ftandto the ludgementof that Reafon, which ftands
it felfejat the barre of Fudicature. 2:
THE
‘His PREFACE.
h
ti
Hee
THE DISTRIBVTION OF
II WOK INTO les
| SIX "PARTS. p"
PL, I, PARTITIONES ScrENTIARVM, Orafuinz
macy Survay and partition of Sciences,
P.H Novve 115 ANVM, Oo R True Direthi.
ons for the Interpretation of Nature.
T. Tir. PHENOMENA V NIVERSI, OR Hi ing
c Natural ad aries age the se "p
vaifisis apl ZR.
WR IV. “ScALA TUN ‘Or tbe Intelles —
Guall Sphere ret fied to tj e Globe of the World.
T "V;PRopKOMI, Or? The: Anticipations of fc-
en cond Philofophy emergent por Pratlice. »»
Po VL SECVNDA PusLosoruma, OR Aslive
PA i id fige intimate ét rtm with abt
~
THE ARGUMENT OF THE
5 SBCUERALL PARTS.
MSS (Lu one posut of tbe Defi TP we have in
£913 | hand, thatevery thing be delivered withall
eS pofsible Plamefseand Perfpicuity: for
ahe nakednefse of the Mind, asonceof the Body, is
cc the
wre
p. I.
Prov.18.
Vicounr St ArBAN
thecompanion of Innocenceand Simplicity. Firfé
therefore, the order and Diftribution of the work,
with tbe reafon thereof, muft be made manifeft. The
Parts of the work are, by us, affigned Six.
The Firft Part exhibits the fumme or univer-
{all defcription of that Learning and Knowledges
in the pofsefsion whereof, men have hetherto bin
eftated. For we thought good to make [ome flay. even
upon Sciences received, and that, for this confiderati-
on, that we might give more advantage to the Parfect-
on of ancient knowledges, and to the introduction of
new: For weare carried, in fome degree, with an e-
quall temper of Deftre, both co1mprove the labours
of thé Ancients,and to make farther progrefse. And
thismakes for the faith and fincerity of our meaning,
according to that of the wife, The unlearned Man re-
ceives not the words of knowledge, unlefse you firft
interpret unto him the conceptions of - his heart:
Wherefore we willnot ne glet to fide along (as it were
in pa[fage y the Coafts of accepted Sciencesand Arts;
and to import thether, fometbings ufefull and profitable.
$^ Nevertheleffewe adjoyne fuch Partitions of Sci-
ences, as comprehend, not only fuch things that are
' found out and obferved already , but fuch alfo as
are thereto pertaining & have bin hetherto preter-
. mifsd. For there are found in the Intellectual Globe,
«sin the Terreftriall, foyles improved and Deferts.
*— Uy berefore let it not [eem flrange,if now and then wes
^
‘make a departure from tbe ufuall Divifions, and for-
fake the beaten path of fome Partitions: for Addition
kd pol 1:3 1 | e whileft
His PREFACE.
whileft t varies the whole, of mecefsity varies the
partsanid the Sections thereof: and the accepted Di-
vifions,are accommodated only to the accepted fumme
of Sciences, as it is now cafl up. § Concerning tbo[e
Parts, which we fhall note as Pretermitted, we will fo
regulate our feloes , as to fet down more than the naked
Titles, or brief Arguments of Dericten rs: For where
we deliver up any thing as a DESIDERATE, fo it be a
matter of merit; and the reafon thereof may feem fome-
what obfcure; fo as, upon good confideration, we may
doubt, that we fhall not be fo eaftly concerved what we
intend, or what the contemplation is we comprehend in
our mind, and in our meditation: there it fhall ever be
our precife care, to annex either precepts, for the per-
forming of [uch a work , or a Part of the Work it felf,
performed by us already, for Example to the whole,
that fo we may in every T articular, either by Operati-
on or Information, promote the bufineffe. For in my
judgement, it is a matter which concernes not only the
Benefit of others, but our own ‘Reputation alfo; that no
man imagine that we have projetted in our gn
fight fuperficiall notion of thefe Defigaes; and that
they are of the nature of thofe things, which we could
Detire, and which we accept only as good wifhes. For '
they are [uch as without queftion, are within the power
and pofsbility of men to compaffe,unleffe they. be want:
ing to tLemfeloes; and hereof, we for our parts, have. ».
certain and evident demonjftration, for we come not: —
hether,as Augures,to meafure Countries m our
mind, for Divination; but as Captaines, to invade
23
them -
Se
p.
24
II.
Vicounr St ALBAN
them, fora conquelt. Andthisis the Firft parc of
our Works. 2T
« Lhus having paffed over Ancient Sciences jin tle
next place, we enable Luman Futellet to faile through.
Wherefore to the Second Partis defigned the Do-
Grine touching a more found, and perfect ufe of
R eafon, in the inquiry of Things, and the true afsi-
. flancesof the underftanding; that hereby (fo farre as
the condition of humanity and mortality will fuffer)
the Fntellect, may be elevated, and amplified with a fa
culty, capable to conquer the dark , and deeper fecrets
of Nature. And the Art, we here fet downe, which we
are wont to call,T he INTERPRETATION Or Natyre,
is akind of Logique, though very much, and exceed-
ing different. That vulgare Logique. profeffes the
Preparation and Contrivance of aides and forces for
ihe underftanding, herein they confpire , but it clecrely
differs from the Populare, fpectally in three things,
namely, mn the end, inthe order of Demonftraung,
and, in the firft difclofures to Inquiry. § For the
End propounded in thts our Science 1, that there may
be found out not Arguments, but Arts snot things Con-
fentaneous to Principles, but even Principles them-
elves, not probable reafons; but defignations and indi-
cations of works wherefore from a different intention
followes adifferent offetl: for there,an Adwerfary is di-
fireffed and vanguifht by Difputation, here by nature,
the thing done. § And with this End accords the
natáre and order of their Demonftrations : For im
vulgare Logique, a/moft all the paines s imployed a-
bout
His PREFACE.
$5
bout Syllogifme : as for Induction; the Dialectiques
feem [carce ever to have takenit into any. fertous conft-
deration , flightly pafingit over, and bafhnug to the
formes of "Difputeing.. But ve reject D'emonitration
by Syllogifme, for that it proceeds confufedly, and
lets nature efeape or bands. For thoughnoman call
into doubt, but that what are comcident in\a‘midle
terme, arein themfelves coincidence; (whiches a kind
of Mathematique Certitude) yet here les the Fallax,
that Syllogifme confifts of Propotitions, Propofi-
tions of words, and words are thetokens and marks
of things. Now if thefe famenotionsof thothemund,
Crbichare as it wire, the foule of words, aud tbe Ba-
jis of this manucr of ftrutture, and fabrique) be rudely
aud rafbly divorced from things, and roveing; not pcr-
fetily defird and limited, and alfomany other waies vt-
tious,all falls to une... Wherefore we reject Syllo-
gifme, not only in regard of Principles: ( for which nor
doe they make ufe of 1t) but im refpcét alfo of Midle
Propofitions, which indeed Sylogifmé, however in-
ferres and brings. forth; but barren of operations and
remote from pratlifes and inrelatiomtothe Adive Part
of Sciences altogether anccmpetent. Although there-
fore we may leave toSylogilme, and'fuch celebrated
and applauded Demontttations; g yarifdiclion over
Arts T opulare and Opinable (for imtbis kind wemove
nothing) yet for themature-of £ bings swe everwhere
aswell in \Amor,as Maior Propofitions) make :nfeiof
Inductions;for we take Induction tobethat d*ormevf
Demonttratton, which fupports. enfe; preffes mature
| d d iie s and
€
VrcouwT S CALBAN
and is inflanced inworks,and in a fort mingled theres
with. W herefore the order alfo of Demonítration z
altogether inverted. For hethertothe bufime[Te ufed to
be thus managed, from enfe, and fome few "Particu--
lars, fiddenlyto fly up to the higheft Generalls, as 1
fft. Poles, about which Difputations may be turned,
from which the reft of intermediate Axioms may be de-
rived. .A way compendious indeed , but precipitate;
and tonature impervious, but. for “Difputations ready,
and accommodate. But according to our method,
Axiomsare railed by a [equent continuity (> graduat
dependancy,fous there 1s no ferfing upon the laghe/t Ge-
neralls, but inthe laft place; and thofebighe/t Generals
in quality not notionals; butwell terminated, and [ucb
as nature acknowledges to be truly neere allied unto ber;
and slich cleave to tbe: indroiduall intrinfiques of
things. § Buttouching the forme it felfe of In-
ductionand Tudgement made by 1, we undertake a
mighty vor... For. tbe: Forme, whereof Logtciaas
{peak; which ‘proceeds by. fimple enumeration, is a
\childifa thing; and concludes upon, admittance, is ex-
spofed to perill from a contradittory inflances lookes only
upoix commune operations, and ts in the ifJue endlefe.
‘Burtotbe knowledges of nduction, fuch:a Forme y
vequired, as may folve and feparate experience, and
cby due-exclufioniand rejection neceffarily conclude. And
af that publique and. populare tadgement of Duale-
"eques; Je fo laborions and bath exercifed fo many and
jogreat wits; howmuch greater paines ought we take tn
this other, which not only out of the feoret clofets bin
bin ) mind,
à. E 5
His PREFACE
iR Au UE T o
mind, but out of the very entrailes of nature s extra»
ed? AC or as tits all, for we more firmely fet tle, ana fo-
lidate tie foundation of Sciences, and take the firft rife
of our inquiry deeper tai betherto bath bin attempted;
Jubinitting to examinations thofe Principles, wlach
vulgare Logick tak sup on the credit of another. For
the Dialecuques borrow, as it were, from all other Sci-
ences, the Principles of Sciences: agatn adore the prime
— of the mind, laftly veft [attsfied with the im-
medtat informations of J. üfe rightly difbofited. But our
judgement is thts, that true Logique fhould viftte every
particular Province of Sciences, with greater com-
mand than their principles poffe(]c, and that thofe [ame
putative Principles Ve cnfore’d to give an account,and
beliable to examiation,untill [uch time as their yalidi-
tyand tenure cleercly appeared, eAnd as touching the
Prime Notionsof the intelled,there ts nothing of thofes
tbe underftanding left at liberty to it felfe) bath con-
soft but matter to be fufpetted, nor any way ivarrant-
able,unl:frert be fummon d and. fubmit it felfetoancw
Court of Fudicaturesand that fentence paffe accordmy
thereto. <M oreover we many wates fift aad found the
information of fenfe it felfe, for the Sences decetuc, yct
withall they indicate ther Errors: but Errors are at
band Indications to be fought for a farre of. § The
guilt of Senfeis of two forts, either it deftitutes us,
orelfeitdeceivesus. For fir/l, there are many things
which efcape the cognixance of Jenfe, even when it is
well difbofed, and no way impedire either by reafon of
the fubtility of the entire body, or the minutneffe of the
| dd5 i parts
- 28 VicouNT St ALBAN
—
parts thereof, or the diftance of place, or the JIowneffe,
and likewife fwiftneffe of motion, or the familiar COn=
verfe with the object, or fome other caufes .. Again, nor
where fenfe truly apprebends irs objet, are her precepts
fovery firme: forthe teftimony aad information of
fenfe, 1s ever from the Analogy of Man, and not
from the Analogy of the World; and it is an errorof
dangerous confequerce toaffert, that feace 1s the mea-
fure of things. Wherefore to encounter thefe inconve-
niences, we have with painfull and faithful fervice e-
very where fought out, and collected afiiftances, that
Supplements to Deficients, to Variations, Rectifi-
cations, may be miniftred,. ACor doe we undertake
this fo much byinftruments,as by experiments; for
Le fubtlety of. Experiments, zs farre greater than of
fenfe 1t fefe, though afufted with exatt inflruments,
we mean füchexperimeats, which to the intention of
tbe thing inquired, are skilfully according to Art in-
vented and accommodated. Wherefore we doe not at-
tribute much to theimmediat and particular perception
of fenfe; but we bring the matter to this if]ue, that fenfe
may judge only of the experiment; the experiment of the
thing. We conceive therefore, that of fenfe, (from
which all knowledge in things naturall muft be dertoed,
unleffewe mean wilfully to goe a witle fe way to worke)
we are become the religious Pontifs; and the not inex-
pert mterpreters of ber ee as others may feem
in outward profefSion; but we in deed and attion, to pro-
tect and bonor fenfe. And of this kind are they which
we prepare, for the light of Nature, the atinating, and
ammifa
"— yas drs "P yes ck V
immifsion thereof; whichof themfelves were Juffeient,
were human Intellect equall, and a [mootb inanticipa-
ted Table, But when the minds of men are after. fuch
| firan ge mares befreged, that for o admit the true beams
of things; fincere and polifht Areas wanting , it con-
cernes us, of necefiity to bethink our felves, of fecking
out fomes remedy, for th diffe mperature s. Thes
I» o1.2ss, wherewith chewind s preoccupate are ci-
ther Attracted; or Innate, «/ft racied have flid into
mensminds, either by the Viacitsand Sects of Philo-
Lophers; or £y depraved lawes of . Demonftrations.
But the Vanate inhere 1a ihe nature.of the Iniclleét,
which found to be farre more liable to error, than
fenfe. For however men may pleafe themfelves, and
beravifh’tinto admiration, and almoft adoration of the
mind of man, this ts ‘moff certain :asan inequall look-
ing-glafle, changer the raies-of objects, according to
its own figure, and cutting, even [o the mind, when it
figferstmprefiion from things by fenfe, in encogitating
and difchargin ie ber notions, doth not fo faithfully infi-
nuate and incorporate ber nature ,mith tbe natureo
tian os. c And thofe tio firftkinds of Ioovass can ve-
ty hardly, but tbofe latter by no means be extirpate. I
remains only that they be difclofed; and that [ame trea-
eberons faculty of the mind be noted and convinced , [efl
from thewnfound complethon of tbe mind, upon tbe ex-
termination of ancient, perchance new fhootes of Er-
rors fring up im their places; and the bufineffe be
brought only to this iffue, that errors be not extinguifDt,
but changed; but that on the contrary,now at lait, tt be
| dd 3 for
B
Vicounr St ALgBAN
for ever decreed and ratified, that the intellect cannot
PSU
make a judgement but by Induction, and by a legitti-
mate forme thereof. Wherefore the Doarine of pu-
nfying the underftanding, that it may become recep-
tive of truth, is perfetted by three Reprehenfions:
Reprehenfion of Philofophy; Reprehenfion of De-
monttrations, and Reprehenfion of Native hu-
maneReafon. The/e explicated, and then the cafe
cleered, what the nature of things, what the nature of
tbe mind is capable off, we prefume (the Divine good-
neffe being Prefident at the Rites) that we have pre-
pared and adorned, the Bride-chamber of the Mind
and of the univerfe, ow may the vote of the Mar-
riage-fong be , that from this contuncion , Human
Aides, anda Race of Inventions may be procreated,
as may in {ome part vanquifh and fubdue mans mi-
feriesandnecef sities. eAnd thisis the fecond Part
of the Work.
¢ But our purpofe ix not only to point out and
munite the way, but to enterprife it: Wherefore
the third Part of the work comprifeth, Puanome-
wa Vuiverst,as to ay, all kind of Experience, and
Naturall Hiftory, of /uch kind as may be fundamentall
Jor the building up of Naturall Phulofophy. For nei-
ther can any exact way of Demontftration or Forme
of interpreting Nature, both guard and fupport the
mind from error and lape, and witha pre[ent and mi-
nifler matter for knowledge. But they who propofed to
themfclves not to proceed by Conyettures and Drvina-
tions, but to find out, and toknow, whofe end and aime
7
,. His PREFAGE.
isnot tocontrive Fitlions and Fables but to fearch with
ailigence into the nature of, and, as it were, anatomize,
this true world; muff dertve all from the very things
themfelves.X or can the fubjtitution and compenfation
of wit,or meditation, or eA rgumentation fuffice to this
travaile, inquifition, and mundane perambulation; no
not if alltbe witsin the world fhould meet together.
Wherefore we mufl either take a right cour, or defert
the bufineffe for ever: and to this day the matter bath
bin fo managed, that it 1s no marvaile , if nature bath
nat difclofed bir felfe. For firft, defective and fallact-
ous information of fenfe; negligent, inequall, and as tt
were ,cafuall obfervation, vain Tradition and from
idle report Prattife, intent on the work, and feryile,
experimentall attempt, ignorant, dull, wild, and bro-
ken; laftly flight and poore Naturall Hiftory; bave to-
wards the rat jing of Pbilofophy, congefted moft depra-
ved matter for the underflanding. After this prepo-
ferous [ubtlety of arguing,and ventilation,bath effayed
alate remedy to tlings plainly defperate, which doth
not any way recover the bufmeffe,or feperate errors.
§ Wherefore thereis no hope of greater advance-
ment and progreffe, but in the Reftauration of Sci-
ences. Aud the commencements hereto mul, by all
means be derived from Naturall H iftory;and that too,
of anew kind and provifun: for to no purpofe you polifh
the Glaffe, if images be wanting : not only fattbfull
guards muft be procured, bnt apt matter prepared. And
thisour Diltory,as our Logiek,differs from that in ufe,
many particulars: in the end or office, in the Malle
and
LAT
m
ua
Vicounr St Aupan
andCongeries}than 1n che fi ubtilty, alfo1n choice,
andin conftitution in reference to thofe things chat
follow: § Forfirft we propound fucha Natu-
rall Hiftory, as doth not fo much either pleafe for the
variety of things,or profit for prefent improvement of
Experiments, asit doth dipperfe a light tothe invention
of caufes; and gives as it were, the fir/t milke tothe nou-
rifhing up of "Philofopby. For though we principally
purfue operation, and the Alive part of Sciences; yet
we attend the due feafon of Harveft, nor goe about to
reap the green bearb or the blade. For we know well
bat eAxioms rightly invented, draw afterthem the
whole troupe of Operations, and not fparfedly but plen-
tifully exhibit works. But we utterly condemne and
renounce,as Atalantaes A pple which retards the Race,
that unfeafonable and childifh humor of accelerating
erly pledges of new works. And this is the Duty of our
Naturall Hiftory.. § As forthe Mafle,we Com-
pile a Hiflory, not only of Nature at Liberty, and in
Courfe; I mean, when without compulfion fhe glides
gently along, and accomplifhes her own work: (as ts the
Hiftory of the Heavens, Meteors, Earthand Sea;of
Minerals, Plants, Animals: ) but much rather of Na
tureftraightned and vext when by the provocations of
Art, and the miniftry of Man, fhe ts put out of ber coms
mune road. diftreffed and wrought. Wherefore, all the
experiments of Arts Mechantcall,all of the Operative
part of Liberal, all of manyPratheall, not yet confpi-
red into a peculiar Art ( fo farre as any difcovery. may
be had,and fo farre as ts conducent to our intention ) -
wt
His PREFACE.
will fet down at large. So likewife (not to diffemble
the matter) nothing regarding mens pride and bra-
vades, we bestow more paines, and place more affu-
rance in tha Part than in that other. being the nature of
things, more difclofes birfelfe inthe vexation of Art;
than when it isat itsown liberty. § Nor doe we
prefent the Hiftory of Subftances only, but alfo we
bave taken it asa part of our diligence, to preparea [e-
peraie hiftory of their virtues ; we mean, [uch as in
nature may be accounted Cardtuall, and wherein the
Primordials of nature are expreffely conflituted; as
matter invefted with her Primitive qualities and ap-
petites; as deafe, rare, hot, cold, confiftent, fluid,
ponderous, light, and othersnot a few. § For in-
deed, to [peak of fubtility, we fearch out with choice
diligence, a kind of Experiments, farre more fubtile
and fimple than thofe commonly met with. » For we
educe and extratl many out of darkneffe, which bad ne-
ver come inio any mans mind to inveftigate, fave bis
who proceeds by a certain and con/tant path, to the in-
vention of caufes: whereas in themfelves they are of no
great ufe,that it 2 clecrely evident, that they were not
fought after, for themfelves, but that they have direttly
the fame reference to things and works, that the Letters
of the cAlphabet have to fpecch and words ; which,
shough fingle by themfelves, they are unprofitable, yet
are they tbe Elements of all Language. § And in
the choice of Reports and Experiments, We pre-
fume that we have given in better fecurity, than they
who hetherto have bin converfant in Naturall Phi-
ee lofophy
34 5 Vicouna St Adban
lofophy: for we admi tnotbing butby oculite faith; at 3
- left evident proofe; and thanafter moj fevere enquiry:
[oasnotling wreported hightned tothe abufroe credit
of a miracles batwhat we velate ave chaft and immacn-
late from Fables and Vanity. Sovalfo all thofe.recei
ved and ventilated current fidions and hes} which byt
Jtrangeneglett, have formany ages bin conntenanced
and arebecome inveterate; we doeby name profcribey
and Avus note, that they may be no longer prejudiz
Plutde Ed. cj] to. Sciences, For what one wifely obferves, that
de Rep. Fables, Superftitions, and idleStories, which nurfes -
anfüllinto young-children, doem goodearneit de-
prave their minds: fo the fame reafou moved us, to be.
forcligtous and carefull, left at tbeeutrance, where we
handle and taketbe chargeiof the Infancy, asit were;
of Philofophy, under naturall Hiftory. jhe /hould be
initiated in any vanity. 1§ Burn every new and
fomewhat more fubtile\experiment, our opinion;
certain and tryed, we yebapertlyadjoyne ele manner of
the experiment we have prathfedsthat after 3t i made
apparent what the fuccelfe of every particular was with
us. men might’ fee the error which might lurke and.
cleave thereto,and be awaked to proofes,1f any fuch be,
amore exatl and fecure. § «In. briefe; we every where
fparfedly infert monitions and fcruples and conjectures
jetting and interditting, us 1t wereyby a facred adjura-.
tion and exorcifme, all Phitntafmesss:.§ » Eattly bez
ingitisa thing moft liquid untoms, Jom exceedingly
xem and Hiflory difperfe the beams:of the fight
of humane Intellect, and bow bard amatter 1t as, nm
| QS ally
i —.
His PREFACE. ‘
a
n
- ally to minds tender and preoccupate,at firft entrabce,
to become familiar with nature; we therefore many
times adde our own obfervations, as certain firft con-
verftons andinclinations, and as it were, Afpects of
Hiftoryto Philofophy, to the end chat they may be
both pledges to men, tat they fhallnot ever be detained
in the waves of Hiftory, as alfo that when they are once
arrived to the operation of the underftanding, all may
bein amore preparedneffe. Aud by thts kind of Na-
turall Hiftory, as bere we deferibe , we Juppofe that
there may be a fecure and ealy acceffe unto AC ature;
and folid and prepared matter pref. nted unto theVnder-
flanding.
« Now we have both fortified and environed
the underftanding with faithfull /fuxiliaries and for-
ces, and by a flit Mufter raifed a compleat eArmy of
‘Divine works, there feemes nothing remaining bue
that wefet upon Philofophy itfelfe. But in fo diff-
cile and dubious an enterprife, there are fome particu-
lars, which feem nece[Jarily tobe interpofed partly for
inftruttion, partly for prefent ufe. § Of thefe che
firft is, that the examples of Inquifition and of Ia-
vention, he propounded according to our rule and me-
thod reprefented in particular fubjetls, chiefly making
choice of fuch fubjetts, which amongft other things to
be enquired, are the moft noble, and in mutuall relati-
on, moft Adverfe, that there may not want an example
in every kind. Nor doe we fpeak of thofe examples,
which for illuftration fake, are annexed to every. parti-
cular precept and rule, (for we have fufficiently quit
ee2 our
P. IV.
VicouNT S* ALBAN
— 4 MM
PV.
our [elves hereof in the Second Part of the Work,)
but we mean dirctlly the Types and Platformes which
may prefent as it were, to the eye, the whole Procedure
of the mind, and the continued Fabrick and order of
Invention, 1a certam [eletled [ubjetls , and they various
and of remarke. For it came into our mind, that in
Mathematiques, the frame ftanding, the Demonftra-
tion inferred ts facile and perfpicuous; on the contrary,
without this accomodation and dependency, all feems
involved, and more fubtile., than indeed they bes.
Whereforeto examples of this fore we asfigne the
Fourth Part of our work; which indeed 1s nothin
elfe, but a particular, and explicite application of the
Second Part.
¢ Butthefifth Pare # added only for a time,
and paid as intereft untill the Principall be raifed. For
we are not fo precipitantly bent upon the end, as too
flightly to paffe over what we cafually meet with by the
way, Wherefore the Fife Part of the Work, is com-
pofed of [ucb things as we bave, or found out, or expe-
vimented ,or fuperadded, uor yet doe we perfor me this,
by the reafons and rules of Interpretation, but by the
fame application of the underftanding, which others in
enquiry and invention ufe to prathe. For. feeing
from our perpetual converfe with nature, we Lope ovea-
ter matters from our meditations, than we can promife.
to our felves from the ftrength of our own wit, thefe ob-
fervations may be as tents pitched. in the way, into
which the mind, in pufut of more certain Colleshons,
may turnein, and for awhile repofe bir felfe. Yet "
i
€
| — —. His PREFACE. 37
the means dee promife not to en eave our felves upon. the
credit of tbofe Obfervations;-becaufe they are not found
out, nor tried by the right forme of Interpretation,
$e Ind there is no caufe why any fhould diftaft or in-
tertain a jealoufic, at that fulpention of ludgement
in: knowledge, which aflerts not abfolutely y that
nothing ¢an be known; but that nothing, without a
certain order anda certain method, can be known,
and yet withall, layesdowne for ufe aad eafe, cer-
cain degrees of certitude, untill che mind bé fixe up-
onthe explication of caufes. For neither thofe very Acatem.
Schooles of. P bitofophers, who downe-rigbt maintained ^ we
fNcatalepfieor |ncomprehentibility, have bin infert-
or tottofe, who ufurp a liberty.of pronouncing fens Dogme.
cence: but they provided not,afiftances to the (enfe and
underftanding, as we bave done, but utterly took away
all credit and authority, whithisa f arre different: cafe
aud almoft oppofite. iOS
eg Now the tixth Partof our Work, whereto P. VI.
thereftare l'ubfervient and miniftrant; doch altoge-
ther dif clofe, and propound that Philofophy, which
iseduced, and confüituted out of fuch a legitimate
fincereandfevereenquiry;as we havealready taught
and prepared. ‘But to cou[mmmate and perfect this
latt Part, isathing exalted above our firength, and be-
yound our hopes. We have given it, ds we truff, not
contemptible. beginnings; the profperous [ucceffeof man-
kind fhall ete it iffue;\and. peradventure uch, as men,
mpthrs prefent flate of mind and imployments, can not
éafily conceive and Comprebend. And the cafe con-
et 3 cernes
VicouwNT St ALBAN
— —————Ó——————ÓÓ ey
cernes not contemplative (eltcity alone; but indeed mens
affaires and fortunes, and all tbe power of works : For
Man, Natures minifterand interpreter, doeth,and un-
derftands fo much, ashe hath by Operation or Con.
templation obferved of Natures Order; nor can
know or doeany more: For neither can any forces
unloofe and break afander the chain of (Caufes, nor is
nature otherwife,than by obedience unto it, vanguifht.
Wherefore tbefe two main Fntentions, Human Scien-
ces, and Human Potencies, are indeed in the fame
point coincident: and the fruftration of works, for moft
part, falls out from the ignorance of (Caufes. § But
herein the fumme and perfettion of all confifts, ifa
man, never taking off theeye of his mind from the
things tbemfelves, throughly imprint their images to
the life. For God defend, that we fbould publifh the
ayery dreams of our own Fancy, for thereall Ideas o£
the World! But rather may he be fogractoufly propiti-
ous unto us, that we may write the Apocalyps, and true.
vifion of the imprefions and fignets of the Creator, up-
on the Creature!
Wherefore thou,OFather, who haft conferred vi-
fible Light as the Primitiz on the Creature ; and
breathed into the face of Man Intellectual Light, as
theaccomplifhment of thy works; protect and con-
duct this Work , which 1ffueing from thy | Good-
nefle, returnes to thy Glory! Thou, after thou
hadft furvayed the works thy hands had wrought,
faw that all was exceeding Good, and haft refteds: -
but Man furvaymg the works his hands had
wrought
^. His PREFACE.
wrought, faw thatall was vaaity and vexation of
Spirit, and found no Refit: Wherefore if we labour
with diligence,and vigilancein Thy works,thou wilt
make us Participants of thy Vifion, and of thy
Sabbath. We humbly fupplicate, that we may be of
this refolution, and infpired with this mind ; and
that thou wouldeft be pleafed to endow human
Race, with new Donativesby our hands, and
the hands of others, in whom thou
Íhalt implant the fame
SPIRIT.
THE
E .
E
^ iih de: ig 5t
Z5
s 1 Wass
a SES
zümwr (Ra AP US s 4
f N
De T Y
oe (IEP (ERR REIS iy) ud
^ JOYS FS Wan vane ey i:
THE GENERALL ARGVMENT
OF THE-IX. BOOKS.
i: tB. T. Is Proemiall to rhe Inftauration of Sciences.
§ Reports the DISCRE DITS of LEARN-
ING. $ The DIGNITY of LEARNING.
15. II. Declares the ADVANCEMENT of
"LEARNING, $ Inftrumenrall. § Effentiall, in
the Partition of Sciences, into, HISTORY. $ POESY.
§ PHILOS. § Partitr.of HIST. 8 POESY.
E :5.lIL Partitions of PHILOSOPHY, into
§ SUMMARY. $ SPECIALL, into DI-
VINE. S NATURALL. $94 HUMANE. 4 Par-
tiionsof NATURALL PHILOSOPHY.
In. IV. Partitions of HUMANE PHILOSO-
PHY into § PHILOSOPHY of HUMANL
TY. § CIVILE. $gPartitionsofthe P HILO $O-
PHY of HUMANITY.
L: g. V. Partitions of SCIENCES; from the Ufe
and Objects of the MIND, into § LOGICK,
§ ETHICK. § Of LOGICK into INVENTION.
$Ju DGEMENT.§5MEMORY.§TRADITION.
£f Las:
€
18. VI. Partitions of TRADITION or ELO-
CUTION into the ORGAN of SPEECH.
§ METHOD of SPEECH. 8 ILLUSTRATI-
ON of SPEECH. ;
18. VII. Partitions of ETHICK or MORALE
KNOWLEDGE, into the Doctrine of thc
PLATFORME of GOOD. gOf the CULTVR E
of the MIND.
1B. VIII. Partitions of CIVILE KNOW-
LEDGE, intothe Doctrineof CONVERSATI-
ON. § OFNEGOTIATION. § Of GOVER-
MENT of STATES.
15. IX. Partitions of THEOLOGY omitted, D E-
FICIENTS Three. § 1. THE RIGHT USE
OF HUMAN REASON in DIVINITY.
§ II. The DEGREES OF UNITY IN THE
CITTY OF GOD. $ III. The EMANATIONS
OF $$. SCRIPTURE,
7 HE
TELE EEEEIE SERIE
SOPIISP SOR EAPROPE M ECT PEE.
THE ARGVMENT OF
THE CHARTERS OF THE
CHAP. I.
some casze FTE (onfecration of this Work unto
BS) [S9 the moft Learned of Princes K.Lames.
e Ae § Wboin high, but juft conceptions is
Ey Ves ere admired. $ The Diftribution
he ser ov into the Dignity and Proficiency of
Learning. 1. Difcredits of Learning from the ob-
sections of Divines, 9 bat the afbiring unto Know-
ledge was the firft Sinne. That Learning 1s infinite
and full of anxiety. That Learning inclines thes —
eM ind to Herefy and Atheifme.. Ut, The Solution.
Originall Guilt was not in the Quantity , but in the
Quality of Knowledge. § The Correttrve hereof,
Charity. I. Againft fnfinity, Anxiety, and Seduce-
ment of Knowledge, Three profervatives. § That
it inftruct us our Mortality- § That it give us con-
tent. § Thatit foare not toohich. § And fo Phi-
lofophy leads the Mind by the Linkes of Second Caufes
unto the Firft. 3
f f z CAP
43
—. Tur DeEstene
GAP. :.H.
i, Difcredits caft upon Learning from the objettions
of Politiques, That Learning foftens Mens na-
tures and makes them unfit for Exercife of Armes.
That Learning perverts mens minds for matter of
Goverment. Other particular indifpofitions pre-
tended. Y. The folution; Learning makes not
men unapt for eArmes, AM. Learning inables ©
men for (tile affaires. WV. Particular feduce-
ments imputed to Learning: e/f s curious incer-
tainty. § CPertinacious Regularity. § Myf-
leading Book-Prefidents. § Retired flothful-
neffe. § ‘Relaxation of Difcipline; are rather cu-
red thancaufedby Learning. —
——
CAP. <1
1, Difcredits of Learning from Learned mens For-
tunes, Manners; Nature of Studies. it, Dero-
gations derived from Fortune are thefe; Scarcity
of Means. § Privateneffe of life. § Mean-
neffeof imployment. It. From their eM an-:
ners tbefe;too Regular for the times. § Too fen-
fible of the good of others; and too neglethve of their
own. § A defailance in. appbing themfelves to
Perfons of Quality. § A Failing in fome leffer
Ceremonies of demeanure. § Grojfe Flattery
prattifed by fone Learned men. § Inftanced,in
the
Or Tuis Work. - 45
tbe M oderne Dedication of Bookes. § Di/creet |
- eMorigeration allowed.
CAP. Iv.
1. Diftempers of Learning from Learned mens fu-
dies, areof three forts, T bantaflicall Learning:
Contentious Learnng;Delicate Learning. V1. De-
licate Learning a curiofity in words, through pro-
fufeneffe of fpeech. § Decent exprefsion com-
mended. § Affected brevity cenfured, IW Con-
tentious Learning , a curiofity in matter , through
Novelty of Termes or firittneffe of Pofitions.
§ vanity either in <Mattersorin Lethod,
Iv. Phantafticall Learning hath nwo branches,
Impofture, Credulity. § (redulty a Belief of
Fiiftory, or aBeliefe of Art, or Opinion: and that et.
ther Reall, in tbe Art it felfe. § Or Perfonall
in the Author of [ucban Art or Science.
CRP. Y.
Peccant Humorsin Learning, L Extreme affection
to two extremes, Antiquity: Novelty. d. A
diftruft that any thing New, fhould now be found
out. Tl. bat of al Seéts and Opinions, the beft
hath [Hill prevailed. TV. An over-early reduétion
of Knowledge into Arts and Methods. V. Aneg-
letof Primitive Putrosopuy, VL A Di-
E53 vorfe
46
THe DEsIGNE |
vorce of the Fntclleét from tbe Objeét. Vit. A conta-
gion of Knowledge in Generall, from Particular incli-
nations and tempers. Vill, An impatience of [ufpcnfe-
haft to pofttive affertion. 1X. A Magiftrall manner
of Tradition of Knowledge. x. Aime of Writers,
lluftration,not Propagation of Knowledge. X1. End
of fludies , Curiofity, Pleafure , Profit , Prefer-
ment CFC. | | :
CPA. VI.
The Dignity of Learning from Divine eArguments
and d eftimonics, 1. From Gods Wifdome. § An-
gels of Iumination. § The firft Light. § The
fuft Sabbath. § Mans imployment in the Gar-
den. S Abels contemplation. S Lhe Invention of
Mujique. § Confufion of Tongues, 1. The ex-
cellent Learning of Mofes. § fob. § Salomon.
$ Chrift. $ S* Paul. § The Ancient Doors
of the Church. § Learning exalis the Mind to
the Celebration of ae) lory; and is a prefervative
7
againft Error. and unbe tefe.
CAP. VII.
The Dignity of Learning from buman Arguments and
Teftimonies. 1, Naturall Inventors of new Arts,
for the (Commodity of Mans life, confecrated as
Gods. ", Political , Civile Eftates and psa
advanced by Learning. § The beft and the bap-
pfe
Or Tuis Work. 4?
icf times under Learned Princes and others.
$. Exemplified in fix continued fucceeding Empe-
rors from the death of Domitian, WM, Military:
The Concurrence of Armes and Learning. § Ex-
emplifiedin Alexander the Great. § Fultus Cafar
the Dictator. § Xenophon the Philofopker,
A ———
CAP. VII.
The Merit of Learning, from the influence it hath up-
on Morall virtues. § Learning a Soveraign reme-
dy for all the cifeafes of the Mind. § The domini-
nion thereof greater than any T emporall Power,be-
ing a Power over Reafon and Belicfe. § Learning
gives Fortunes, Honours and Delights, excelling
all other as the foule the fenfe. § Durable monu-
ments of Fame. § A profpett of the Immortality of
- afuture world, |
——————Ó—
THE SECOND. BOOK.
THE PROEM.
He Advancement of. Learning commended tothe
vA Gwe of Kings. 1.\ The Ads thereof in generall
> three, Reward, Diretlion, Mffiftance:.. Ui Th fpect-
all,abont three Objetts, "Places, Books, Perfons.
S In Places foure Crcumftances, Buildings, Re-
venues, Priviledges , Lawes of Difcipline. § In
Books
48
THe DEsIGNE
Books two, Libraries, good Editions: § In Per-
fons two, Readers of Sciences extant, Fnguiries into
“Parts non-extant, UH, Sane in the As of
‘0
Advancement, fix, want of Foundations for Arts at
large», § Meanneffesof Salary to Readers.
§ Want of allowance for experiments: § Prepo-
fterous Inflitutions: unadvifed pratlifes in Acade-
micall fludies. § Want of Intelligence between the
Univerfities of Europe. § Want of Enquirers in-
tothe Defetts of Arts. § The Authors particular
defiene. § Modeft defence.
CAP. .L
1, An Univerfall: Partition of Human Learning into,
§ Hiflory. M. Poefy. 1, Philofophy. § 4 bis
Partition is drawn from the three Intellethive Fa-
culties, Memory, Imagination, Reafon. § The
fame diftribution is agreeable untoDrvine Learn-
ug.
C AP. “I.
I. 7 be Partition of Hiflory, into Naturall, and G-
wile. C Eeclefiafticall; and Literary comprebended
sander Croile. ) li. The Partition of Natur all
« fiftory, into the Eiffory [A
Preter-Generations.. 1V.C
Jeneration s, MI. Of
i dal
j i 15,
| Or Tuis Work: :
CAP AAT
1, A Second Partition of Natural Hiftory from the
Uje and End thereof, into Narrative; and Fndu-
Hive. And that the moft noble end of Natural
Hüflory is, that it Minifter and (Conduce to the
building up of P hilofophy, which end, Induétive
C Aiftory refpetteth. V. The Partition of the Hiflo-
ry Generations, into the Hiflory of the Heavens,
Lhe Hiftory of thee eteorss The Hiftory of the
Earth, and Sea; The Hiflory of Mafive Boaies,
or of the greater Collegiats,; The Hiflory of Kinds,
or of the Lefer Collegtats. .
SAD cA
*-
«i
bo
S
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e
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E
Of the Dignity and Difficulty of
MELIU
BÉ CAP.
49
THe DEstGNE |
CAP. VI.
The firfe Partition of Civile Hiftory, into $ Me-
morials. § Antiquities, § Perfect Hifloyy.
CAP. Vil.
The Partition of Perfett Fiistory: into Chronicles of
Times, Lives of Perfons, Relation of Ads. § The
explication of the Eiiftory of Lives. § Of ‘Re-
lations.
CAP. Vili.
The Partition of the Hiflory of Times; into unvoerfall
and particular Hftory.. The advantages and dif-
advantages of both.
~ CAP. AX. |
The Second Partition of tbe Hiftory of Times,
into eAnnals, and lournals.
eS AB AX.
eA Second Partition of Speciall-Gvile Hiiftory
in Hiftory Simple and Mixt.
CAP.
Or Tuis:Womgk.
~ CAP XI,
LT Le Partition of Ecclefiaflicall Hiflory, into the
Generall Hiflory of. the Church, 11. Hiftory of
"Prophecy. Ml, Hiftory of Providence.
CAP. XII.
The Appendices of Hiftory. Converfant about then
words of Men, as Hiftory it felfe about Mens Als. *
The partition of them into Speeches; Letters, and
Apophthegmes.:
CAP. XIII,
T be Second Principall part of Human Learning fPoe-
f. 1. The Parttion of Poefy into Narrative.
1, Drammaticall. MI. Parabolicall. § Three
Examples of Parabolicall Poefy propounded.
IV, JN(aturall, V. Politicall. V1. Moral.
i$utudafafaPfujafuafufafafafu$ujfafgefaf
THE THIRD BOOK.
NCAR. E
L q he?Partition of Sciences into Theology and phi-
P Ki dr be Partition of Philofoply, into
three Knowledzer; of God, of Nature,of Man,
x | gg 2 The
52 Tue DESIGNE -
in. The Conftitution of Philofophia Prima, asthe
Commune Parent of All —
WG A RAMS 6
Of Naturall Theology. $ Of tbe Knowledge of
Angels and Spiritsan Appendix thereof.
C ap, Ill.
The Partition of Natural P bilofopby into Specula-
tive and Operative. § Thefe two both in tbe In-
tention of the Writer and Body of the Treati[e ought
to be feparate.
CAP. Iv. -
1, The Partition of fpeculative Science concerning
Nature,intoPhyfique fpectall, and AL etaphy-
fique, whereof Phyfique inquires the Efficient Caufe
and the Matter: <M etaphy fique tbe Finall caufe
ofthe Forme. Vl. The Parition of Phyfique into
the knowledges of the Principles of things, of the
Fabrique of things or of the World, and of the va-
riety of things. VI. The Partition of Phyfique re-
fpetling the variety of Things, into the Doftrine of
(oncretes, and into the Dottrine, of Ab/tratts The
Partition of Concretes, sa tbe fame with the Diftri-
bution of Natural Hiftory.V.. Tbe Tartition jJ
the
Or Tuis Work:
33
— ef the Dolrine of Abpiratts, into the knowledge of ——
the Schemes of Matter, and into the knowledge of
Motions. V. Two Appendices of Speculative Phy-
fique, Naturall Problems; And the Placits of
Ancient Philofopbers. NV. Lhe Partition of MM e-
tapbyfiqueiinto the Dottrine of Formes, and into
the Dottrine of Final Cafes.
Car. Ve
1. The Partition of Operatiye Knowledge concerning
Nature, into Mecbanique;and Magiquezre/pon-
dent tothe Parts of Speculative knowledge; Me-
chanique to Phy fique; Magique to MA etaphy fique.
§ ef purging of the word Magia. X1. wo
Appendices to Operative knowledge: Aa lnventary
of the eftateof “Man. § A (atalogue of Poly-
@re/ls; or things of multifarious ufe.
CAP. VI.
Of the creat Appendix o aturall Philofophy, as
Sigs Sh as fg eM. piae
knowledge: and that it ought to be placed rather a-
mong/t Appendices ,than among ft [ubflantiall Sct-
ences. § The Partition of SM athematiques in-
to Pure,and IMixt.
883. CAB:
34
Tue DsstrG NÉ
UPS qpqqeqe
LE
thletique. § And Voluptua. MU. The partiti-
THE FOVRTH BOOK.
CHAP. F.
E Partition of tbe Knowledge of Man, into
tke, Philofophy of Humanity, and Groile....
§ d be partition of the knowledge of Humanity, in-
tothe knowledge touching the Body of MM an; and
into the Knowledge, touching the Soule, of Man,
TI. The conftitution of a generall knowledge, toucb-
ing the Nature aud Eftate of Man. § The par-
tition of the knowledge concerning the Eftate of
Man, into the knowledge touching the Perfon of -
Man; and into tbe knowledge ni a the League
of Suule andBody. § The partition of. the know-
ledce touching the Perfou of Man, into the know-
ledge of Mans miferies. § And of Mans preroga-
tives. Il. Lhe partition of the knowledge toucb-
ing the League, into the knowledge of Fndications,
§ And of Imprefions. § The afignement of
Phyfiognomy. § Andof Interpretation of Na-
tuvall Dreams: unto the Dottrine of Fndications.
vM CE a) v
. Lhe partition of the knowledge rofpefling the Body
of Man, into Art Medicinal. § Cofmetique. § A-
On
Or Tuis Work.
‘On of Medicine, into three duties. § (onferva-
tion of Health. 11. Cure of Difeafes. ty. And
Prolongation of life: and that the lafl Part, Pro
longation of life, fhould b feparate from tbe. other
Lio.
CAP. IH.
Y, Lhe partition of Human P bilofophy touching the
foule, into the knowledge of the Infpired Effence,and
into the knowledge of the fenfrble,or traduced foule.
$ Lhe fecond partition of the [ame P hilofophy ,in-
tothe knowledge of the Subftance and Faculties of
the Soule. And inito tbe knowledge of tbe Ufe, and
Objeéts of the Faculties. ul, Two Appendices of
_ the knamledge,concerning the Faculties of the foule,
the knowledge of Naturall Divination. § And
the knowledge of Fafctnation. It. The “Diftri-
bution of the Faculties of the fenible foule , into
Motion, and Senfe. |
E
THE FIFTH BOOK.
: VORNE TL
nr H partition of the knowledge which refpett-
* etbibeufe and objetts of the Faculties of the
Mind of Man; into Logique,and Ethique. M. The
~ Divifion of Logique, into the Arts of Invention, of
Judgement; of Memory; and of Tradition.
UP.
QE
d "
THe DesiGNE ~—
CAP. I.
i, Lhe partition of the Art of Fnvention, into the In-
=
omy |
ventroe of Arts, and of Arguments. § The for-
mer of thefe which is the more eminent, i Deficient.
WU, The partition of the Fuventive Art of Arts, in-
to Literate Expertence. § Anda New Organ.
IL, A delineation of Literate Experience.
CAP. Ul.
, Lhe partition of the Inventive Art of Arouments,
into Promptuary,or Places of Preparation: And
T opique,or Places of Suggefttion. 1. The pati-
tion of T opiques,into Generall, § And Particular
Topiques. ML, An Example of Particular To-
pique in the Inquiry, De Gravi @& Levi.
CAP. IV.
. Lhe partition of tbe eArt of Iudeing, into Iudee-
ment by Induttion, § And by Syllogi{me. Of the
firft a Collection is made in the Novum Organum.
$ The frft partition of Iudsement by Syllogifme
into Reduttion, Direct, and Inverft. § The fe-
cond partition thereof, into Analytique Art,and the
knowledge of Elenches. .. The divifion of the
knowledge of Elenches, into Elenches of Soplifmes,
§ Jnto Elenches of Interpretation of Termes, § And
into Elenches of Images or Idolaes. Wt. The di-
vifion of Idolaes, § Into Impreffion from tbe gene-
rall
ee P RR ~~
——_— ms lu
Or Tuis Work.
- vallnature of Man; or. Idola Tribtiss: Mato In-
profions from the Fndividuall temper of SParticu-
Lars, or Fdola fpecus. § Into Inprefitans by words
and Communicative nature, or Fdola Fort. AN fn
Appendix to the Art of Indeings namely of the Ana-
looy of Demonflration according to the nature of the
fubjett 1 (NS A Rot |
Cap. Vs: à S
i, T he Partition of Art Retentive, or of Memory,
into the knowledge of the Helps of Memory. § And
the Knowledge of Memory it felfe. Wt. The Divi-
vifion of the ‘Dottrine of Memory, into Prenotion;
and Embleme.
4UMM SITS SD SUM inn eure S0» dci SU —
THE SIXTH BOOK.
GA P. hv
E HE Partition of the Art of Tradition, nio
X the Dottrine We Organ of Speech. The
Doitrine of the Method of Speech, and the Doétrine
of the Iluftration of Speech. § The partition of the
"Datlrine of the Organ of Speecb into tbe knowledge
of the Notes of tbinossof Speaking; and of Writing:
Of which the twolaft confutute Grammer, and the
| Partitions thereof. § ThePartition of the know-
ledge of the Notes of T binos into Hieroghphiques:
and into Charatlers‘Reall. ‘i. A fecond Partiti-
— onof Grammer into Literary, and Philofophicall.
| hes?” «The
$7
$8 Tus DesicyeE
M1. The aggregation of Poefy referring to Mea-
fare, to the knowledge of Speech. ^ An aggregation
of the knowledge of Ciphers to the rhs of
«Scriptures. VU :
; À CAP. Il. |
The Dottrine of the Method of fpeech is afsigned a
fubflantiall and Principall Part of Traditive know-
ledge: it 1s filed tbe Wifdome of Delivery. M The
divers kinds of “Methods are enumerated , their
Profits and Difprofits annext. § The Parts of
Method. :
- 5
Cap. III.
. The Grounds and Office of Rhetorique. M. Three
Appendices which appertain only to the preparatory
Part. Tbe (Colours of Good and Evill, as well fimple
as compared, VI, The Anti-theta of Things. V. Lef-
Jer fiiles or ufuall Formes cf Speech.
CAP. Iv.
doom |
1 Two generall Appendices of Traditive knowledge
: P Gite I, And Pedagogicall, —
ODE ER TE GE Se OB ROS Bi 08 IB OR Ee
THE SEVENTH BOOK.
CAP. I.
LIT He Patitionof Mural Philofophs, into the
| knowledge of tbe Exemplar, or Plasfeeme,
| an
Or Tuis Work.
and into the Georgiques or Culture of the Mind. :
§ Lhe divifion of the pales (namely of Good)
into Good Simple, and Good Compared. M. The
Partition of Good Simple, into Fndrviduall Good,
and Good of Communion. (ates dd
CATAL di
. The Partition of hidvoiduall or Private Good jin-
to Good Active, and Good Pafsiver Y, Lhe Par-
tition of Pafsive Good, into Confervative Good,and
Perfettive Good. I. The Partition of the Good
of (ommunon, ito Generall. S And into ‘Refpettive
Duties. 3 v
bem |
C AP. HI
. Lhe Partition of the Doctrine y the Culture of the
Mind, into tbe knuwledge of tke Characters of the
Mind. I. Of the Affettions. Wt. Of the‘Reme-
dies and Cures thereof. 1V. eAn Appendix to the
fame Dottrine touching the Congruity between the
Good of the Mind, and the Good of the Body.
PLREPELLLULDELLOERER
THE EIGHT BOOK.
CHAP. I.
d He Partition of Civile knowledge, § Intothe
knowledge of (onverfation. § The knowladce
of Neegociation. § And the knowledge of Empire or
State-Goverment, hh 2 GAP.
emt!
60 s Tue Dresró NE
' | CAP. Il, ,:
1, The Partition of the knowledge of NC evociation in-
tothe knowledge of difberfed Occafions, 1, And
into the knowledge of the Advancement of lifer.
§ Examples of the knowledge of [catered Occafr.
ons from fome of Solomons Parables. § Precepts
concerning the Advancement of Fortune.
GAP: I,
The Partition of the Art of Empiry or Goverment 1s
omitted,only acceffe ts made to twoDeficients. 1. The
knowledge of enlarging the Bounds of Empire.
Il, And the knowled ge of univer/all Inflice, or of the
Fountains of Law. | |
iSatufafuiniafafafiafafafafaiíofafgfafi
THE NINTH BOOK.
CAP. da
T be Partitions of infpired Theology are omitted, only
way is made unto three "Defiderats. 1. I beknow-
ledge of the right Ufe of Fluman'Reafon in matters
Divine. 1. The knowledge of the degrees of uni-
ty in the Citty of God. MI, The Emanations of
$5.8 cripture.
FRANCIS
mn ——
EFRANCICI DE
VERVLAMIO
ARCHITECTVRA
SCIENTIARUM.
THE GENERALE
IDEA AND PROIECT
OT TAG
LO. VERVLAMS
INSTAVRATIO MAGNA.
Reprefented in the
PLATFORM OF THE
DESIGNE OF THE
I Parr thereof,
As it Was Conceav d in the mind of the Author
and is expreffed in the Modell
of the VVork.
DEUS OMNIA
IN MENSVRA, ET NVMERO, ET ORDINE,
DISPOSVIT,
edd Leas
| ge
4000. Sd dM EO iHd o
degedosni croi qum 75 vf qutubi Vr Br pa
1 21104. WA Add
aas ge) fido fone, o Pm
: |
: fuel Th av Rte
oe ] n E i UN 1 id Ee ha s 20 K. x ‘3
| sibs a, Se gi
amr 410 1 : MAOTT. se
E o —VEDÉ WY "Pie LO DEM DL & |
b POSER of a (par Swap Nas
QN. cC ae, 5 "e Moses o hphe il^ Mi
END E nsnm niri eds esami
j : ac) ni bslistexs et. bug.
SAN el. me má
"M
{ wm 8. 9: UE
ie M ALAMO | uad. SANE
The Emanationof. Sc Exc Es, from the Intelle&uale
Facultiesof MEMORY IMAGINATION REASON.
From thefe --- g
Naturale, The Subjet?; the Ve.
IHrisTORY
Civile,properly fo called.
Civileg Ecclefrastwale,
Literary, —— —
—Lis. I.
Narrative or Hiftoricall ——— 6
ell Poz s y<Drammaticall or reprefent,——
3 | Parabolicall or eAllufive.———.
Primitive Sapience,the receptacle of gencrale Axioms)
f Divine, or Natur. Theol.
II : a3 mee Speculative v pete |
. .. | Naturale— Metaph, S ——- YI:
Derivatives
0 eene GU han ich.
Magick, .j
LHuman 5 G. enerale of the uaturewf man, cc?
Speciale into Philofophy. A.
r q f Body, into S Medicinale againft difeafes. S Cofmetick or of Decoration.
| Arts Athletick or of AGivity. § Voluptuary or Senfuale. H
IV.
Rs. yt 4
x Spiritsale --- Native or eAdventive,cec,
i | C Subft n) Senfuale --- Fiery, Aériali (ubftance, ec.
y H
E Foculties2 Rationale — Fatelle Bsreafon Imagination Cc.
2 | Senfuale, — Voluntary motion , Senfe, cóc. ]
X [ Znunetion | or Ingquifition
Soule,thez r: Judgement or Examination. PV.
Locickn3 “emory or Cuffody.
; ‘ Gramar.
! Ue of Fa- v Elocution or Tradition Method, VI.
cntlties 5 Rbetorich.
Platform of $ Kinds of Good,
good Degrees of Good.
, ETHICK S: VH
2 Culture of Tempers.
the Mind 2Di . Cur
| Converfation, ifeimprrs; Cures.
| Civile of< Negociation,
Government of States Art of eulargin 4 State
7 f Fonntainee of te evi I
Infpir'd Divinity 2s here feparat 2 Ufe of Reafon in Divinity.
from Philofophy: yet Reafon ODE FICLENTS< Degrees of unity in Rhigion, >1X
receives the fignet of Faith $ Dirivations fro Scripture.
The Preparation to thefe Books,is populare; siot Acroama :
tique:Kelates the Prerogatives c Derrgatiensef Learning. hix. I.
| t
THE PLATFORME
E OF THE DESFGNE
5A: ieee pe Ue d s
Lis. L. THE DIGNITY OF LEARNING.
Defire of Knowledge the firftfinne. —
Reporting f Divinesd Knowledgean Infinite: an Anxious thing.
the || Cap.1. @ Learning the canfeof Erefy and Atheifme.
ava Objclled Anfwered.
| Poli- Learning makes men unapt for Armes.
| tiques oss men for Civile a ,
; . 2, 7 Particular indifpofitions pretended.
t Fa 5 : ; ; Objetted An{werea.
sa Scarcity of means.
F Fortes Privateneffe of life.
| — (Meanneffe of imployment.
Learned | T oo incompatible with the times.
Eyes Too fenfible ofthe commen good.
AFI) Cap.3._ | 44aners <Not applying to Perfons of quality
f Difhonors A failing in points of behaviour.
and Dero- Groffe flattery practifed by fome.
gations of 4 ^
Learning | seadies in fome impertinents.
ite ***
—
Diflempers in ftudiesé Contentious Learning.
Cap, 4. Delicate Learning.
Rent Learning.
I Affection to two extremes Antiquity, Novelty.
| A diftruft that any thing New fhould now be foundout.
A conceit that the beft Opinions {till prevaile.
A too peremptory reduction of Sciences into Methods.
Petcant | Anegle& of Primitive Philofophy.
| Humors 2 A divorce of the Intelle&t from the Object. i
v Cap. 5. | Acontagion of Knowledge fró particular inclinations.
An impatience of fufpente: halt to Pofitive Affertion,
A Magiltrall manner of T radition of Knowledge.
| Aime of Writers, Illuftration, not Propagation.
| End of ftudies, Curiofity, Pleafure,Profit, Promotió, &c.
t —À rn ecient UN o —
§ Wildome of God. § Angels of Illumination.
f Divinez Firft light. s Adams. § Abels,Contéplations &¢:
Honors, arid Preto- | Cap.6.2 The learning of Mofes, Iob, Solomon, &c.
zatives of Learning
t om Arg DG $5 Inventors of Arts confecrateas Gods.
15 Humane )Civile Eftates advanc'd by learning.
T: t cap. 7.8. ) The concurrency of Armes and Letters.
The Dominion § Donationsof Learning.
Tz
Tue PLATFORME
a RT an RAE Re ee
Lis.ll. THE ADVANCEMENT OF LE ARNING.
Amplitude of Reward,
f Generali by i Wilton of Direction.
| f Places, SBuildings. § Revenewes.
f Perfonall, |
b
lib. ps v Ped « Books , SLibraries.
TH
|
U
Conjun&ion of Labours,
as Priviledges. § Difcipline.
in Proem.
Good Editions.
Perfons SLectures for Arts extant.
Speciall 4 as Inquirers into Arts noh-extant.
Want of foundations for Arts at large.
he of fufficient Salarie to Lecturers.
| Prej« | Want ofallowance for Experiments.
diced 5 Want ofa right courfe of proceeding in ftudies,
of | Want of Intelligence between Viiverfities.
Want of Inquiries into Arts Deficient.
|
| pec Earth Sa
|
|
Heavens. § Meteors.
Elements § Specifiques.
r Subject PreterS Monfters. § Marvels.
Cap.2.4 Gener, 2 Magique, &C.
Arts come
Alchimy,&c.
6 vehbanique
E and end $ Narrative,
« Cap.3. Inductive.
f1 Hiftory
L
referr'd | Memorialls,
t Me- + y Civil in ffe-( 14 Antiquities. & Chronicles.
| cial. C.5.6. ) ¢ Perfect Hiftory< Lives,
(wos i 8.9.10. . Relations.
» Pure. § Mixt.
c V^
| nean, bya Visto S Ecelefafticalle Genetallof the Church,
right Par- | Cap. 11. Special c
tition of Y Providence. -
simu 5
Into "| Literary Ages. § Climates. § Declinations,
LCap.r. «Cap.4. QInftaurations, &c. of Learning.
| im .to Hiffory, Orations. $ Epiftles. $ Apophthegmess
ap. t2.
? Eae dct Narrative or Hiftorieall.
2 Poefy re T3 tothe ’Drammaticall or Reprefeptative,
Imagination Cap.13. )parabolicall or Allufive.
L3 Philosophy, referring to Reafon and the wifi. — Lib.feqq.
Or Tue DrsiGNm.
Liz. Ul, THE PARTITION OF KNOW-
LEDGES IN GENERALL INTO
Axiomsof univerfality.
[ Summary or Tristis Tranfcendents of Entity.
1 God hun Divine Philofophy aN Naturall Theology.
Cap. 1. Angels,
Appen.2 spirits,
| | Principles of Things.
Fabrigne of thingsor of the
lé
| world,
|
|
^
fique Heavens.
into % P Geneo\ Meteors,
Cen-z ons Elements.
| the rati- <Earth.Sea,
| crets Specifiques.
| oar |
ty of 3
Preter - Generations.
Purtrosopuy. Cap.r.
dics hoic
j Lthings Hot. S Cold.
Specia t ( 24at- )Denfe. §
Ifc 4 bem Ab. | Grave, $
ing three ftratts Light &c.
Objects | 2t - of 7
Ato Simple motids.
| tions< 9umms of moti.
Mealurs of mor.
4 Nature Problems.
So Append. Placits.
Natural Z
"Philofo- Metabbyfi Formes.
I; | LE gue: Finall caufes.
ap. 3.
1 ae ias Mechanique, | fubfer- Metaphyfique.
LAN Magique, vient to? Metap byfiques
[agen An Inventary of the eftate of man.
Cap.5. 2A Catalogue ‘of Polychreftes,
\ Append. ae e^fritbmetique.
Geometry.
- Hence the $ Humane ‘ i
| L Émanationsof Civile phitofaphy Lib. icq.
\
TaEOLOGY infpired Lib, ult.
t
?3 Lis. 3.
Tug PLATEFORME:
—— m RE t E e SE EE RIT —————————— ÉÉÁÓÉÉÁÉ———ÓHÉÁÉÁÉÁu—M
Lis. IV. THE PARTITION OF HUMANE
KNOWLEDGE, OR THE KNOWLEDGE
OF HUMANITY. **
Miferies.
f HisPerfon,his Prerogatives € Tntellectuall... .
T Paffible or impaffi-
Acorporall, Fiery.
Senfi cae fubftance.
(€ Generali of ‘And Morall.
the nature
and ftate of 4 Indication Mind by the "Body.
mam in te-] ... f ofthe Body by the mind.
a of. | 'Theleague | CI8s Biofncnomy.
uem |t ine =) Appendices? Interpret. of dreams.
. Bodyupon the Mind,
| “ep dio of 2i HUM rb the Body.
| '& Confervation of Health.
AMedicinall Cure of Difeafes.
: E r 2 Prolongation of life.
Bodyi into Art
| Cap.2, 4 Cofmeteque, or of D ecoratione
4c Athletique, or T. TA ee:
ire, tures.
| umane | Repay as Mois &c.
properly fo
[5 airs h Native or advetive
dis "s Rational )Separable or infep.
J | a j: | whether )Mortall or immor,
pw Intelle&t, $ Reafon.
peciall di- Soule the € Ratiozall2 Imaginatió- Memory
dd i? \Cap. 3. 4 LAA? Appctite. s Will.
H phy
Facul-
ties
Divination.
(Appendices Fafcination.
|t
5
[ler
Senfi- S Voluntary Motion.
m Le Senfe. $ Perception.
(ue and Ob and Objetts of Faculties. Lib.V.
2 (Pepe the Ema- $ Logique.
nations of. Ethique,
|
|
|
4
|
Civile, Lib. VIIL
"(AES MA
Medie ia ee WW. "WU
Or Tug DestGNE.
Li» Nero PELE. sB-Aguit Isid ON OF 2d BE 36SE
AND OBIECTS. OF THE FACVLTIES
OF THE MIND, INTO
Variation. $ Produ&ion.
Literate Ex- )Tranflation. $ Inverfion.
perience by Application. S Copulation,
Catualty or Chance.
! Arts into
[ Ingquifitio
or jnventi- Interpretatson of Nature "INov.Organ,
on of
Cap.2. Arguments Preparation or Provifion.
into: j Generall.
| Cap. 3. if? stagefHon or Topiques> particular.
f Induction, W hereofa collc&ion is in the Nov.Org.
Il Exami-| | .. SDired.
nation or ry Redulin Sy eet
Judgement "
by Syllo- C Analitique Art,
Cap. 4- | gifme 4
into f Sophi(mes Elenches, hand-
| ledby Arif. in precept;
| by *Platoin example.
c Loci Que Vig
hath foure 4 i f Majority.
Intelle&tu- Elenchs of | Minority.
all Arts. | Know. | Interpreta- ^ Priority.
jede of 4 1109. of Pofteriority.
| | eae ot Terms | Power.
| LA& &c.
Append:
Analogy of Demonftration baie Generall nature
(from the natare of the (ubjetl, | or im-\ of man.
' : preffi- <Individuall téper.
ons fro JImpofition of
tbe words & names.
|
|
|
|
|
HITY: uftedy or Memory into
Cap. 5.
{ Elocution or Tradition.
Etui Que s, referrdto mans will.
Helps to memory, .-- Writing.
Prenotion.
Q Memory it felfe by? ELBENE
Lis. VI.
Lis. VII.
Lis.
Tug PLATFORME
Lis VL." THE PARTITION? O24 Die, ART
OF ELOCVTION OR OF TRADITION
INTO THE ;
P . . SHieroglyphiques.
Notes of things ; Reall cteedicrs.
fOncAN OFSPEECH into
2 Speaking 2 Hence the original $ Popular.
Writing SofGrammer 3, 2 Philofophicall
VAN
Speech Poctique meafure,
| nen toD writing Ciphers.
Magiftrall S 4e Of Probation or Initiative,
[2 Exoterique. § Acr camatique.
; By wayof Aphorifme.
Dri JB) way of Method.
By Queftions and Determinations.
| [Kindss 4^, ju ery on Affertions, and Proofes.
| Fitted to matter.
| | "Method v pon prefappofition.
t € Method by way of Information § Anticipation.
Analitique. § Syftutique.
_Methon Dizretique. S Cryptique’ $ Homericall.
Dispofition of a whole work,
S114, : . S Extention.
Limitation of Propofitions, theit3 produ@ion.
| Parts
L
|
| ILLUSTRATION
of SpEECH or ?
I RyETORIQUE, * E. of Good and Evill, fimple, compar'd.
The ve and office of {peech reipectively toparticulars:
Of the dictates of Reafon to imaginatio.
Application 42 or the wifdome of private fpeech.
Append &«& Anti-theta Rerum,or the coüterpoint of! things
%&¢ Lef&r Stilesand Formes of Speech.
Critical? Interpretation of Authors,
Corrected Editions.
A judgement upoh Authors;
IT wo generall Appendices
‘touching the Tradition ef^
Collegiate i :
Knowledge. ollegiate education of youth,
"Padan. ) A Caveate againft Compends.
ticall Application of Rudies to the
quality of wits,
LIB.VIT,
Or Twe DresicNE.
Liz. VII. THE PARTITION OF MORALL
KNOWLEDGE, INTO THE
Perpetuity.
ai .. CAbtive from ine of& Certainty.
fIndivi- Variety. .
duals,or
virtues Jy affive S Confervative Good.
. Perfettive Good.
. Generad. Profelfions, Gl.
OF Com. Duties of Oaconaeicall-
5 4 munion, Ree. Political duties.
[ I op | or Duties a a a GR fraudes, cats
the binas 1ces trés CRC.
| rd Good Of profejfions,
. | Cap. 2. )
DM A | (00. Kimply and irreffeHively taken.
of n Individ.& Man and Man.
Cap. 1. Acommon Comparative )Caíe and cafe.
ly between Pub like and private;
Time and time.
Honefty. § RES § Pleafüre.
I o the De- )pod
y. § Mind. § Fortune.
ase of Good of Contemplative, Active Good.
i . S Armes. § Leters.
z C Imprefféd by NaturesoxContemplative $
nee Active courfe of life,
aratleys
$
or tempers.
E: | Chaite of d ERA Shan ens
t Impos'd£y
d S Nobility. $ Honors.
ortiéne > Riches. § Poverty.
TM - Na» S Pleafure;paine, fear, hope.
E in | 9t Anger, Patience, Leve, Hate.
[eos x PIN How ftirr’d. How fiill’d.
a How fecreted? How difclofed? ,
p f |Peresitem. & Nature e What operations they produce,
'W hat turnes they take?
How enwrapt? How they encountre?
t Cuftome, Exercife, Habit, Education.
,' JEmulation, Company, Friends, Fame.
A Cures, or Remedies Reproofe, Exhortation, Lawes, Books.
Study, Briefe precepts hereof,
"Append. The (: ongruity between the Good Py il
Mind,
y! if " Lis;
"(Tug PLATEFORME
Lii.VIll. THE PARTETLEON OF CIVILE
KNOWLEDGE INTO
- Not Affected;much effe defpifed.- Speech $ Conception.
- Nig the 2 Ucterance.
q« CONVERSATION t Gezerall
Cap. 1 ia Gefture $ Speaker.
- but Moderated, that of Hearer.
is- cither
Hive <Natureof Matter. 9
| Scattered occafions, examples \¢0 the ¢ S Oftime..$ OF Place;
Reffe- Ave of Men.
thereofout of So/emas Proverbs.
i " f$ix K' Countenance. Works.
waies < Actions. Natnre.
Ends. Reports.
f Acquaintance with men well
deen in the world.
A wife temper in liberty of
[»aies $ — fpcechand filence.
Three
|
|
|
|
-
EN
| | e. le prefent dexterity both to
Miu | ' 3 obferveand act, —
Fe du odi | m E How bis Nature and abilities (ort with
Gig. =| The eftate of the prefent time: Profeffiós
E gl | Him: that are in prize: His competitors in
&4 'felfe fortune: The Friends he hath chofen:
| E | Theexamples he would follow.
i^c]
Setting forth his Virtues; Fortunes; Merits
The Ad. Caution,
vancemet Concealing his Defects, (olour.
ef For- and Difgraces,by ¢ Confidence
tme & L4rt of Declringa Mans mind in particulars bya
Trecep s mediocrity of Revealing, Concealing.
Lthereo Framing the mind to becemce flexible to
occafions;of place; time; & perfons,&c.
{That he be well skilid what inftruments toufe
and how.
That he overtaske not his own abilities.
That he doe not alwaiesftay for, but fometimes ~
Sparsd& provoke occafions.
t That he never undertake great; or long works.
That he never fo engage himfelfe but that he
leavea polterne dore open for retreat.
| That he fo love, as he may hatc upon occafion,
= EE SE NI
Gover-{ Partitions — de The art of enlarging an E fate.
m TOBSIirted Certain in theintimaticn,
| STATES )Deficients< 3, The fountains Iuftin the commandment.
Cap. 3, ? of Lawes. <Fit to beput in execution.
(3 Agreeing with the form of the fate
Begetting virtue in the Subjects.
Or Tue DresicGNE.
Ex JU V UNSPLEED' FITEOLOGY.
The Partition of Infpired Divinity is omitted,
only an entrance is made untotbree
DEFICIENTS
CI 4 Tue Limits Anp VsE Or Hyman Reason In
Matrers Divine.
D j Explication of Divine Myfteries.
[e st felfe ; Inferences thence deduced.
The? Mineing into thingsnotrevealed by atoo Curi-
| Excell in ) ous inquiry.
(that Vfe Attributing equall Authority to Dirivations,as
to Principles themfelves.
EL Ile Tus DEGR&sES Or Vnity In Tue
| €r1tty Or Gop
. SFundamentall;one Lo. one Faith; &c.
In Points Superftructive or of perfection.
A diffent 3» Fundamentell Points, difcor-
«4 porates men from the Church of God;
not fo is fuperfiru live Points.
III à EMANATIONS FRom SCRIPTURE
Wherein are obferved
C Errors ix VIn fappofing that all Philofophy is derived
Ioterpreta- from Scripture;as the Schoole of Para-
tion cel/is did, and fome others now doe.
In interpreting Scripture as one would a
humane Author; whereas two things
were known to God which are not
known to Man $ Secrets of the Heart.
5 The 2 Succeffion of Times,
rate. particular Texts in bricfe oblcrvations.
= Defide-CA Collection of Pofitive Divinity upon
1 prejudiced
Dilating inte common places.
by< Chafing after Controverfies.
Reducing to Methods.
ita
Adi apos REND
-. ".bosuboh cons Isoonsisdn ti
)
7n P /
j D
" TT AN sneer arn.
Js HO I pO s SER Cas
.
é Rise 'Oitre |
k
Cms
DR" dXISIEDS
. r T y a
HELM Y Y WW a
‘ $ MN
- Os E!
; Sacri Amie Vets | ini Bib AZ
:boci 3e 1 ae ont Fic mim Asingóq Ue
m TY, »
srard ta 32 Mol $*OITAMAM
aE: [Uc SbSviskdo sas dissert
H B Y. "OE 7"
f Lr rb
E ete: "na [i f sect oti Rags iit 3 du X dx S) y mr L
+ to:steodae St eno "inque ein «X Loi ist |
"s is SESS T^ Ta em
: « rotr 315 bip wt AM à DU C 1
E hub Dao teriosut HS oe ey T
Y ^ , ü tí ud SUE E
, ‘i.
; use yi ; vow E p k 1
piste us word es
EXT ^e * ENDE f
a X v AST ) Fr
^ " Y - in 4
P L]
4 1 * »-
( Tv sunt Io mol £51lo2 A? Noe
; ; ; Marr Gp exo 1 :nis q ene |
: j BHO
bz dunq's 2
Jay 5 e^ mE 3
y a) 1 o ;
‘ AR * -
d i et? Dow
\ SP ok
5a (ay am T *
Sesessegseceseee ese
TERS REE PO Eee um
ERANCIS LO. VERVLAM
VICOVNT € ALBAN, ^
OF THE tt osi z»mi
DIGNITY AND ADVANCEMENT
OF LEARNING,
THE FIRST, BOO Kelis:
CHAP. I.
the Con(ecration of this work wntothe moft earned of Pac s; Ke
IA MES, whoin high, but juft conceptions yis here admired. S The
Diftribution, into the Dioxi?x and. the PROFICIEN CY 0;
Learnine. I. Difcredites of Learning, from: tbe objections ‘oF
Divines: That the afpiring unto knowledge was the firft finde
That Learning is a thing infinite, and full of anxiety. T hat
- knowledge inclines the Mind to Herefy and Atheiínie. I, 2g
| olution: Original Guilt mas not in the Quantity’, wt inthe ug
lity of Knowledge. 9 The Corrective hereof, Charity. TT.’
gainft Infinity, Anxiety, ‘asd feducements ‘| oficSciences &
three prefervatives: Thatwe forget not.our Mortality. . 9, That
- Learning give us content. $ "That itfoare not toohigh. 9 Ap
fe Philofophy leads the mind, by the Links of fecond Caules, vito
the Firlt. 5 28 310 2150 V
n
yi
1 a eh
Here were, tinder thei Old Law
(Excellent Kine) both Free-wil Of-
ferings, and Daily Sacrificessthe ‘one
proceeding upon ordinary obfer-
5 Qy)S|| Vance ; the, other &ponba;Devout
<S5\ 2x0) Cheetfulneffe.. Certainly,iin my o-
34 6| Pinion, fome fuch kiridiofi Homage
| belongs to Kixas-from their! fer-
vants, namely that evdty-onefhould
tender, not only. Tributes of his Duty , .but «Prefents of
hue A : affection
34
Or Tus ADVANCEMENT
Affection.In the former of thefe I hope, I fhall not be wan-
^om then.
t; Reg. a.
Arnal, 13° Eur Cafar Augusto. faith he) prompta az profluens, que de-
ting; forthe latter I was in fufpetife whac I (fiould moft |
principally undertake, and in conclufionI thought it more
refpective to make choice of fome oblation:which might :
referresrather to the propriety and excellency of Yourin-
dividuall perfon, than tothe bufinelfe of Your Crowne and
State.
§ Reprefenting Your Majeíty; as my duty is; many
times unto my mind, (leaving afidethe other parts whether
of Your Vertue, or of Your Foítüfie;) I have been poffeft
with extream wonders when 1 confider the excellency of
thofe vertues and faculties in You, which the Philofo-
phets call intelleétuall,the capacity of Your mind compre-
hending fo many and fo great Notions, the Fsithfaluffe of
"Your memory, the fwiftneffe of Your apprehenfion; the
penetration of Your jndgement, the order and facility of
Your elocution. In truth Plato’s opinion fometimes comes
into my mind, which maintainess, Dat Ruowledge is nothing
elfe but remembiance.and that tbe mind of man by nature kunowes
all things once redimed and teftored to her ownnative lights
which the clouds vault or gloomy Tabernacle of the body bad ore-
fpread with darkneffe. Fox certainly chebeft and cleareft in-
ftance for this affertion fhines in Your Majefty, whofe
mind is fo réady torake flame from theleaft occafion pre-
fenced, or the leaft {park ofanothers knowledge delivered.
Wherefore asthe facred, Scripture faith of the wifelt Kings
That bis heart was as the [ands ofthe fea: which though it be
one of the largeft bodies yet it confifteth of the (malleft por-
tions; fohath God given Your Majefty a compofition of
underftanding exceeding admirable being able to compaffe
and comprehend the ereateft matters, and neverthelefle, to
apprehend ‘the leaft, ‘andor to fuffer them to efcape Your
obíervation: whereas itfhould feetn very difficult, or rather
an impofsibility in nature, for the fame inftrumentto make
itfelfe fit forereat add. (mall works. Andfor Your gift of
Speech; Icall to mind what Cornelius Tacitus faith of Au-
eeret
Os Learnina. Lis. I,
ceret. principem, eloquentia fuit. In truth if wenoteit well,
fpeech that is. Elaberate,or Affettate, ox Fmitating, although
otherwife excellent, hath fomewhat fervile in it and. hol-
. ding of thefubject ; but Your Majefties manner of fpeech
isindeed Prince-like, flowing as from a fouptaine, and yet
ftreaming and branching it Íelfe into natures. order; full of
facility and felicity, Imitating none t7. Inimitable of any. And
asin Your Civill eftate, refpe&ing as well Your Kingdome
as Your Court, there apeareth to be an Emulation and
Contention of Your Majefties Vertue with Your Fortune,
namely excellent Morall endowments with a fortunate
Regiment, a Pious and Patient expectation when time was,
of Y our greater fortune, with a profperous and feafonable
poffeísion of what was expected; a Holy obfervation of the
lawes of Marriage, with a bleffed and happy. fruit of Mar-
riage ina moft faire Progeny; a: Godly propenfion and
molt befeeming a Chriftian Prince to Peace, with a fortu-
nate concurrence of the like inclination -in Your neigh-
bour Princes:fo likewife in Your intelle&tuallabilities there
Ícemeth to be no leffe Contention and Emulation, if.we
compare Your Majefties gifts of Nature withthe rich trea-
fury of multiplicious Erudition and the knowledge of many
Aats. Neither is it eafy tofinde any Kine fince Chiifts time;
which may be compared with Your Majefly for variety and
improvement of all kind of learning Divineand Humane;
lec who will revolve and perulethe fuccefsion of Kings and
Emperours, and he fhall finde this judgement is truly made,
For indced it feemeth much in Kings , if by the compendi-
ous extraction of other mens wits and Labours, they can
take hold of knowledge , or attain any, fuperficiall. orna-
ments or fhewesof learning; or if they countenance and
preferrelearned men; but for aKing and a, King borne to
drink indeed the true fountaines of Learning,nay to behim-
felfe a fountaine of Learning, isalmofta Miracle. And chis
alfo is an acceíTe to Your Majefty, that in the fame clofat of
your Mind,there are treafured up as well Divine and Sacred
Lireraturejas Prophane and Humane; fothat Your Majelty
M : A 2 ftands
m-— o7
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
ftands invefted with that triplicity of Glory, which was af--
cribed to that famous Hermes Trif{megiftw, The Power of
a King, The 7llumination of a *Priefl, The Learning of a
“Philofopher. Wherefore fince inthefe glorious attributes of
Learning, foinkerent and individuall in Your Perfon, Your
Majelty fo farre excells all other Kings , itisvery meet that
fuch rare endowments of Nature and Art fhould be cele-
brated, not only in thefame and admiration of the prefent
time, or inthe light of Hiftory conveyed over to Pofteritys
but beengraven in fome folid worke, which both may ex--
preffe che power ofa great King , and’bear a Gharacter o:
Signature of fo excellent a learned King. Now (to returne
to our intended purpofe) I concluded with my felfe that I
could not make to Your Majefty a better oblation, then of
fome Treatife tending tothat end. bi
§ Thefummeand Argumenthereof, will confift o£.
zwo Parts: In the Former , whichis more flight and popü-
lar (yet may not be paft over) wefhall entreat of the exces
dency of Knowledge and Learning, through all the parts
thereof. and likewife of the merit of thofe who have wore:
thily and wifely imployed and placed therr ‘bounties antt
induftries in the Augmentation, and Propagation thereof.
Inthe latter Part ( which is the main and fumme of this-
worke ) I fhall propound and fet -down what in this kind —
hath bin embraced , undertaken and accomplifht bither=
to, forthe Advancement of Learning: and again briefly touch
at [uch particulars as feem Deficient inthts enterprize, vo the
end that though I dare not prefume pofitively to feparate
and (ele& what I would chiefly commend unto Your Ma~
jefty; yet by reprefenting many and different obfervations;
I may excite Yoür Princely cogitations to vifitthe peculiar
treafures of Youf own mind, and thence to extract what is.
moft conducen to the amplifying and enlarging of the bounds
of-Arts and Knowledges}' agreeable to Your Maianimity
and 'Wifldomes) (52909. Ho 998 OR PEN
— T Inthe éiitrance tothe former Part, cocleeté the ways
and as it were,tomake filenice, to have the teftimgnies con-
ssh Bde x. a cerning
Or Learnine. Lis. I. $4
cerning the Dignity of Learning to be better heard; wich.
outthe interruption of tacite objections , [think good firft
todeliver Learning from the Difcredits and Difgraces
which Ignorance hath caftupon it, but Ignorance feverally
difguifed,appearing and difcovering it {elf (ometime in the
xeale of Divines; {ometimes in the arrogancy of Poli-
tiques , and fometimes in the errors of Learned men them-
felves: Y heare the former fort fay , That Knowledge of
the nature and number of thofe things , which are to be ac-.
cépted with great Limitation and Caution, That the ajpi-
ring to overmuch knowledge, was the originall tempta-
tion and finne, whereupon enfued the Fall of Man; And
that even at this day Knowledge hath fomewhat of the
Serpent in its and therefore where it entreth into a man , it
makes him fells Scientia inflat ; That Solomon gives a} er. 8.
cenfure,That thereu noend of making Bookes, and that much
reading ua wearineffe tothe, flesh. and. againe in another Ecclef.12.
place, That iv fpacious knowledge there ismuch contriftation , 42.
thathe that encreafeth knowledge, encréafeth anxiety ; That Ecclef. 1.
S:Paul gives a caveat, hat we be not. fpoild through vain Phi-
bofophy, Andithat experience demonfkrates how the » Lear-Colofa:
nedít men have been Arch’ -heretiques, How Learnedtimes, _
have been inclined to Atheifme; and how the Contempla-
tion ofíecand Caufes, doth derogate from the Authority
of the firft. 37311 od | ;
I1 | "To difcoverthen the error and ignorance of this o-.
pinion; and rhe mifunderftanding inthe grounds thereof; a-
ny man may fee plainly that thele meadoe not obferve and
confiders 'Thatit was not that Pure and Primitive Know-
ledge of Nature, bythelight}whereof man did give names
to other Creatures jn Paradife, as they, were brought be-
fore him; according totheir Proprieties,which gave; the oc;
cafion to the Fall;butitwasthat proud knowledge of Good
and Eyill, with àn interitto fhake of God and to give Law
unto himfelfe. Neither is it any, Quantity of | Knowledge,
how great foever, that can. make the mind of man to
fweljfor nothing can fill much lefle extend the foule of man
: | ! mmm
6 Or Tue ADVANCEMENT N
but God, and the contemplation of God; therefore Solomon
{peaking of the two Principall fenfes of Inquifition, the
Écclef. re Eye and the Eare; affirmes That the Eye st never fatisfied with.
Seeing , nor the Earewith bearing; andif there be no fulneffe,
then is the Continent greater then the Content. So of
Knowledge it felfe & the Mind of Man, whereto the Sen-
cesare but Reporters 5 he defines like wife in the words
plac’t after the Calendar or Ephemerides which he makes
of the diverfity of times and feafons for all Actions and Pur-
Ecclef:3.4. pofes, concluding thus , God bath made all things Beautifull.
and Decent inthetrue returne of their fea (ons, alfo he bath pla-
ced the world in mans heart, yet cannot man finde out the worke
which God worketh fromthe beginning untothe end : By which
wordes he declares, not ob{curely, that God hath framed.
the Mind of Man,as a Mirror or Glaffe capable of the Image
ofthe univerfall world, and as joyfull to receive the im-
prefsions thereof, as the eye joyeth to receave light; and not.
only delighted in MAECEN variety of things andthe
vicifitude of times, but raifed alfoto finde out and to.dif«
cerne the inviolable lawes and the infallible decrees of Nas
ture. And alchough he feem toinfinuate that the fupremé
or fummary lew of Nature; which he calleth che worke which
God worketh from the beginning to the end,is not polsible tobe
found out by man; yet that doth not derogate from. the
Capacity of the Mind, but may be referred to the impedi
ments of knowledge, asthe fhortneffe of life, the ill con-
junction of labours deprav'd, and unfaithfull Tradition of
knowledge over from hand to hand;and many other incon-
veniences wherewith the condition of man is enfnared and
involvd . For that no parcell of the world is denied to mans
inquiry;or invention he cleerly declares in another place,
Prov.20, where he faith, The fpirit of aman t as the Lamp of God where.
with he fearcheth theinwards of all feorets. 9- chen {uch be the
capacity and receipt of the mind of man, ‘itis manifeft that
there is no danger atall from: the Proportion or Quantity of
knowledge how large foevers left it fhould make icfwell or
outcompaffe it felfe,but meetly in che Quality which being
| e
Or LEARNING. Lis. V. 5
in Quantity more orleffe, if icbe taken without the true
Corrective thereof, hath in it fome nature of malignity,or
venome full of flatuous [ymptomes. This Antidotesor Cor-
rective {picé; the mixture whereof tempers knowledge and
makes it (o overaigne is Charity, which the Apottle imme-
diatly addes inthe former claufe,{aying, Knowledge blowes i. Cor. 8:
up, but Charity builds up, Notunliketo that which he deli-
vers in an other place, If fpake ( faith he ) with the tongues oft.Cor.13;
Men and Angels and bad not Charity,it were but as à tinkling
(ymball:: Not but that itis an excellent thing to {peak with
thecongus of Menand Angels; but becaufe if it be feverd
from Charity, and notreferr’d to thé publique good of Man-
kind, it rather exhibités a vaineand empty glory, then any
fubftantiall and folid fruit.
Tl As for that Cenfure of Salomon, concerning the exce[fe
of writing and reading Bovkes and tbe anxiety of fpirit whichre-
doundeth from Knowledge, and that admonition of S. Paul,
that we be not feduced by vain Philofophy, if thofe places be
tightly underítood; they doe very excellently fet forth che
true bounds and limitations, whereby humane knowledge
is'confin'd and circumfcribed, yet fo as without any fuch
contracting and coarétation, it may comprehend all che u-
niverfall natureofthings. Thefe limitations are three: The
fir{t that we doe not fo place our felicity in knowledge; as we forget
esir, Mortality. The feconds that we make application of our knows
ledge, togive our [elves repofe and contentment and not diftalt or
repining. The thirdsthat we doe not prefume by the contemplati-
ons of nature, tà attaine tbe Myfteries of God. § For as touch
ing the firsts Salomon doth excellently expound himfelfe in
the fame Book, J fawwell; faith he, tbat kmowledge recedes as Ecclefia;
farre from ignorance as light doth from darkneffe and that the oi
ipife mans eyes keep watchin bis heads whereas the foole roundetb
about in darkneffer but witball 1 learned that the fame mortality
involves thera both... © ss 510521 vd
585 Forthe fecondscertain it is io anxietysot pertürbation
of mind refultech from knowledge, otherwile then meere-
ly by:aceidentz - For all Knowledge and wonder- ( which ie
bas : thé
8 Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
the feed of knowledge, } is an imprefsion of pleafute in it
felfe, but when we fallto framing conclufions out of our
knowledge which obliquely applied to our particular pur-
pofes; either minifter weak feares orvafít defires, then there
growes that vexation and trouble of Mind, whereof we
Ípeake: for then knowledge is no more Lumen ficcum,as He-
raclitw the Profound would have it, Lumen ficcum optima a-
nima, but itbecomes Lumen madidum, or maceratum, being
fteeped and infufed in the humors of the affections.
§ The thirdrule defervesa litle to beftood upon, and
not to be lightly paffed over: Forif any man fhall think by
view and enquiry into thefe fenfibleand materiall things ,to
attain that light whereby he may reveale unto himfelte the
nature and will of Gods then indeed, is he fpoil d through vain
Philofophy. For the contemplation of the creatures, having
regard to the creatures themífelves, produceth Knowledge,
but having regard to God; wonder only, which is a broken
Knowledge. And therefore it was moft aptly faid by one of
Philo. Iud. Plato’s {choole, That the fenfe of man carries arefemblance with
de Somails« +} 5 Hanne which opens and revealestheterreftriall Globe; but com
ceales and (eales up the ftarres and celeStiall Globe: fo doth che
fenfe difcover naturall things, but it darkens and fhuts up
divine. And hence it hath proceeded, that fome of che cho-
fenranke of the more Learned have faln into Herefy,whilft
they have foughtto fly up to the fecrets of the Deity, by the
waxen wingsof the fentes. |
$. As forthe conceitof thofe who are of opinion that
100 much knowledge fhould encline the mind to Athei/me, and that
the ignorance of the fecond Caufes, [bould be, as it were, a Mid:
oss o wifetoour Piety towards the firft. Y would willingly charge
Ieb. 13. thefeinthe language of Iob, Will you lye for God as one man
doth for another to gratify bim? For certain ivis thatGod
works nothing in nature according to ordinary courfe-but
by fecond caufes, and if they would have ‘itorherwifetbes
lieved, itis meere impofture, under colour of Piety to God,
and nothing elfe but to offer untothe: Author of Truth:the
unclean facrifice of 4 Lye. But farthessit is anaffured edid
» (4j an
Or Learxyne, 2b 12. °F.
and a conclufion of Experience, That a licleor fuperficiall
raft of Philofophy, may perchance incline the Mind of Man
to Athei/me, buca full draught thereof bringsthe mind back
againe to Religion. For inthe entrance of Philofophy when
thefecond cautes which are nextuntothe fenfes dee offer
themlelves tothe ee of Man,and the mind it {elfe cleaves
unto them and dwells theresan Ca ofthe higheft caufe
may creep in, but whena man paffech on Eales and be-
holds the dependency , continuation and confederacy of
caules,and the workes of Providence, than according to the
allegory of the Poets; he will eafily believe that the highest
linkeof Natures chaine muft needs be tyedto the foct of Iupiters
chaire. To clofe ina word,letno man upona weak conceit
of fobriety or ill applied moderation, thinke or maintaine
thata man can fearch too farre; or be too well ftudied iz the
Book of Gods word, or in tbe Booke of Gods workes, Divinity or
Philofophy, büc rather let men awake themíelves and cheere-
fully endeavour, and purfue an endlefle progreffe or profici-
ency in both: only let them beware left they apply Know-
ledge to welling, nottocharity, to oftentation notto ufz: and
againe » that they doe not unwifely mingle and confound
thefe diftin& Learnings of Theology and Philofo phy and their
feverall waters together,
B CAP.
Homer:
Iliad.9;
10 Or THe ADVANCEMENT
bé6t44 bebe ebiebtbbte be —— oF
CAP. Il.
. y. Difcredits of Learning from the objections of Politiques, That
Learning foftens mens natures, and makes men unfit for the exer-
cife of Armes. That it perverts mens difpofitions for «Matter
of Government. § other particular indifpofitions pretended.
« Ir. Thesolution. Learning makes mot men unapt for Armes.
TII. Learning enables men for Civil affaires. WU. Particular fe-
-ducements imputed to Learning, As, C#rious Vacertáinty, 8 Per-
tinacious Regularity, $ Mi leading Prefidents, § Retired ‘floth(ul-
nefe, 9 Relaxation of Difcipléne, Are allrather Cured then Caus
fed by Learning.
I $3 Ow let us defcend to the Dilgraces whereb
- SRONIP “Politiques defame Learning; They be thele, That
: EST : 5 ?
9 Learning doth [often mens manners ,(9 makes them
more unapt for the honour and exercife of Armes: Thatit doth
marre and pervert mens difpofitions for matter of Government
Ani Policy,which the ftudy of Arts makes either too Curious
by vanity of Reading , Ox toe peremptory by the ftrick rigor of '
Rules; Or too overweening by reafon of the greatnelfe of exam-
ples ; Or too incompatible with the times, by reafon of the diffi-
militude of examples, Or at leaft it doth divert and alienate
mens minds from bufine[[e and A€tion,inftilling into them a love
of leafure and privateneffe. ,
—. 9$ ~~ And that it doth bring into States a relaxation of Difci-
pline, whileft every man ts more ready to argue thenobey. Out of
this conceit Cate {urnamed the Cen/or, one of the wifeft men
indeed that ever liv’d, when Carneades the Philofopher came
in Embaffage to Rome;and that the young men of Rome be-
gan to flock abouthim being allured with the fweetnelffe
and majefly of his eloquence; gave counfell in open fenate;
Platoin M. that they [bould give bim bis difpatch with all (beed » left be"
Cato. hould infe and inchant the mindes of the youth, and at
unawares bring in an alteration of the manners and cu-
flomes of the State. This fame conceit, or humor mov'd
Virgil,preferring the honour of his country, before the re-
putation of his own Profefsion, to make a kind of feperati-
on
Or LeEarnNING. Lis. I. it
onbetween the Arts of Policy, and the Arts of Literatur? chal-
lenging the one to the Romanes, yeelding the otherto the
Grecians, in the veríes [o much renowned,
Tu regere imperto p pulbs Romane memento, Virgil.
Hatibi erunt. Artes ---- Zn: 6.
And we fee that Anytus the acculer of Socrates, laid it asau plato. Api:
article of charge and accufation againft him, that he did Socratis.
with the v ariety and power of his difcourfes atid difputaci-
on,embafe inthe minds of young-mensthe Auétority and
Rev erence of thé Lawes and Cultomes of their countrey;
and that he did profetfe a pernitious and dangerous Science,
wherein, who ever was 1nftructed; might make the woo
matter {eem the better, and to fuppreffe Truth by force
of Eloquence.
Ii But thefe and the like imputations have rather a
countenance of Gravity, then any lyncerity of truth: For ex-
erience doth witneffe cae the felfe-fame perfons, and the
hie fame times, have flourifhe in the glory of Armés and
Learning. As for men,we may inftanee in, that noble paire
of Emperors Alexander the Great, and Julius (afar the Dita
tor; the one was Ariffotle’s {choller in Philofophy; the other
Cicer?s Rivall in eloquence. But if any man had rather call
for Schollers that have become great Generalls ; then Ge
neralls chat were great Schollers, let him take Epáminobdai
the Theban, or Xenophon the Athenian, whereof; the one
was the firft that abated the powei of Sparta, and the other
was the firft that made way to theoverthrow of the Monar-
chy. of Perfia. And this conjunction of Armes and Letters,
is yet more vifible in times then in perfons, by how much
anage is a greater objectthen amat: For the felfe-[ame
times with the ZEg yptians, Alfyrians, Perfians, Graciansand
Romanes that are moft renowried for Armes, are likewife
-moft mdtaited.tor Learning ; fo thatthe gravelt Auctors and
Philofophers, the greateft Captaines and Governors haveli-
ved in the {ame Ages. Neither indeed can itotherwile be;
forasin man theripeneffe of the ftrength of the body. and
the minde comes much about one age,fave that the ele
ie 2 8
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
of thebody comes fomewhat the more early, So in ftares,
the glory of Armes,and Learning (whereof the one corre-
fpondeth to the body,the other to the foule of man) have a
concurrence; or a neere fequence of Time.
III. Now for matter of Policy and Government » that
Learning {hould rather be an impediment then an adimment
thereunto is athing very improbable. We all confeffe that it
is anunadvifed A& to commita naturall body, and the cure
of Health,to Emperique Phyfitians, who commonly have a
few receipts which feemto themto be univerfall Reme-
dies, whereupon they are confident and adventurous; when
yet they neither know the caufes of Difeafes, nor the com-
plexions of Patients, nor the perill of Synfptomes, nor the
Method of Cures. We fee it alike error inthofe, who for
expedition of their caufes, and fuites rely upon petty Advo-
cates and Lawyers;which areonly men of Practice, and not
grounded in their bookes, who are many times eafily fur-
prizd,whena new cafe falls outbefidesthe common Roade
oftheirexperience: fo by likereafon it cannot but be a mat-
ter of doubtfull confequence, if Rates be managed by Em.
pirique States-men. Onthe contrary it is almoft without
inftance, that ever any Goverment was diíafteroussthat was
in the hand of Learned Governours. For howfoever it
hath bin ordinary with Politique mento extenuatesand dif-
able Learned men by the name of Pedants, yet Hiftory,
which is the miftrefle of Truth makes it appeare in many
particulars that the government of Princes in minority;hath
farre excelled the Governmentof Princes of mature age, e-
ven for that reafon which Politiques feeke to traduce,
which is that by that occafion the State hath bin in the
hands of Pedants. Who knowes notthat for the firft five
years fo much magnified during the minority of Nero, the
Burden ofthe flate was in the hands of Seneca a Pedant?
So likewife Gordianw the yonger owes the ten years applau-
ded goverment to Mifthew a Pedant. And withthe like
happineffe Alexander Severw govern dthe ftate in his mi-
nority,in which fpace women rul dall ,.but by the advice
and
Or Learnincas Lie. I. |
and councell of preceptorssand teachers. Nay let a man look
into the Government of the Bí/bop of Rome, as by name, into
the government of Pius Quintius or Sextus Quinctui in our
times; who were Both at their entrance eftimed butas Pe-
danticall Friers.and he fhall finde,that fuch Popes doe grea-
terthings, and proceed upon truer principles, than thofe
which have afcended to the Papacy from an education, and
breeding; in affaires of eftate and Courts of Princes. For
though men bred in learning are perchance, not fo quick,
and nimble in apprehending occafions;and accommodating
forthe prefent to points of convenience, which the Italians
call Raciont pr sTATO, the very name whereof Piw
Quintus could not heare with patience,but was wontto [ ay;
Km
that they were the inventions of wicked men, and vépugnant to re- Platorü
ligion andtbe morall virtues; yet in this there is made ample
rtecompence;that they are perfect and ready;in the fafe and
plain way of Religion, Iuftice, Honefty, and the Morall vir-
tues, which ways they that conftantly keep and perfue, {hall
no more need thofe other Remedies, thea a found body
need Phyfique. Andbefides the fpace of one mans life can
not furnifh prefidents enough to direct the event of but one
mans life. For as it hapneth fórnetirnes that the great
Grand-child Nephew, or Pro-nephew refembleth the Grand-
father, or great Grand-father more then the Father; fo many
times it comes to paffe, thatthe occurrences of pre(ént times
may fort better with ancient examples, then with thofe of
later; or immediat times: Laftly the wit ofoné man can no
more countervaile the latitude of Learning, than one mans
meanes cant hold way with a common purfe.
IV And wereitgranted thatthofe feducements and in-
difbofitions imputed to Learning ; by Politicks,were of any
force and validity; yet it muft bé remembred with all;
that Learning miniftreth in every of them; greater
ftrength of medicin or remedy, then it offereth caufe of ?s-
difpofition ox infirmity. For ifthat Learning by a fecret infu-
ence;and operation makes the mind irrefolute and perplexts
yet certainly by plain precept itteacheth howto anus
j =
2
Or, THE ADVANCEMENT
“the thoughts, how farre to deliberate, when to refolve, yea
it fhewes howto protra& ; and carry things ia fulpenfe
without prejudice till they refolve _ |
..$ .. Beitlikewife granted that Learning makes the minds
of men more peremptory and inflexible, yet. withall itteacheth
whar things are in their nature demonftrative, and what are
conjecturall; and propounds as well, the ule of diftinctions,
and exceptions, as the ftability of rules and principles.
9. Beitagaine, that learning mifleades and wreSteth meas
mindes, whether by difproportion, or diffimilitude of examples, Y
know not,yet | know well that it. unfoldeth, and laies o-
pen as well the force of circumftances; as the errors of coms
parifons; and the cautions of applications; fo that in all thefe
it doth more rectify mens mindes, then pervert them. And
thefe remedies; Learning dothevery way convay and infinu-
ate by the quick penetration, and forcible variety of exam-
les.. Letamanlook intothe errors of Clement che VU; fo
lively defcribed by Guiceiardine, who ferved under him, of
into the errors and waverings of Cicero,painted to the life by
his own penfill, in ba Epiftles to Atticus, and he will fly a
pace from being inconftant and irrefolute in his. defignes.
Let him look, into the errorsof “Phocion, and he will be-
ware how he be obftinate or inflexible. Let himread the
fable of Fxion, and it will difpell vaporous hopes and fuch
like fumes and clouds. Lethim behold Cato the Second, and
he will never be one of the Antipodessto tread oppofite to the
prefent world.
$. Now forthe conceit, That learning [bould beafriend to
loth, and fhould orefpread tbe mind with a fweet [lumber of repofe
andretiredneffe, it werea ftrange thing, if that which accu-
ftometh the mindeto a perpetuall agitation, fhould be the
Patroneffe to flothfulneffe:whereas contrariwile it may betru-
ly affirmed, that no kinde of men love bufineffe for it felfe,
butthofethar are Learned: for other Perfons love affaires
and bufineffe for the Proftsas hirelingsthe worke, for the
wages, others for Honor, for while they are in Action, they
diye in theeyes.of menandrefrefhtheit reputation, which
otherwife
© Or Learnine: Lig. L TI
otherwife would weare; others for Power and the Priviled-
ges of Fortune, that they may pleafure their friends, and dif-
pleafure their foes; others that they may exercife fome facul-
ties wherein they take a pride, and inthis imagination, enter-
tainetheirthoughts in a good humor and pleafing conceit
towards themíelves ; others to advance other ends ; (o that
as it is laid of untruevalours; that {ome mens valours are in
the eyes ofthofe thatlook on, fo the induítry and courage
of theíe men feemes to aime at this; that others may ap-
plaud them, or they hugge themfelves in the contemplation
of their own defignements: only Learned men love bufineffe
and imployment,as actions agreeableto nature; and no leffe
healthfull to the mind than exercife is to the body takin
pleafure in the Action ic felfejand notin the purchafe: fo
that of all men livingsthey arethe moft indefatigable if icbe
| towards any bufinefleswhich can replenifh and decaine the
mind according to the dignity thereof. And if there be
found fome laborious in-readingand ftudy;and yet idle in
bufineffe, and action, this’ growes not from learning, but
from fome weaknefle or foftneffeof body or mindes fuch
as Seneca {peaks of, Quidam (faith he ) tazz» fant umbratiles Conttog:
ut putent in turbido e[[c quicquid in luce eft. Well may it be; lib. 4. Pros.
that fuch a point ofa mans nature may make him give him.
felfeto learning, but itis not learning that breeds; orim-
plants any fuch point inhis nature. But if any man not-
withftanding relolvedly maintaineth , that Learning takes
up too much time which might ctherwife be better imploy.
ed; l anfwere, that no man can be fo ftraitned and op-
preft with bufineffe, and an a&ive courfe of life, bur ma
have many vacant times of leafure, whileft he expects the
returnes and tydes of bufineffes except: he beeither of a ve
dull temper and of no difpatch; orambitious (litle to his
credit and reputation) to meddle and ingage himfelfe in im-
ployment of all natures and matters above his reach. It re-
maineth therefore to be enquired,in what matter,and how;
thofe [paces and times of Leafure, fhould be filled up and
fpent; whether in pleafures or ftudy ; fenfuality, or contem-
plation
—À
ió
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
lota De- plation,as was well anfwered by Demofthenes.to AL fchines ja
moft,
Plut.in M.
Cato,
maa giventopleafure, who when he told him by way of
reproach, that his orations did [mell of the Lampe, Indeed. ({aid
Demosthenes) there 21 great difference betweenthe things that
You aud 1 doe by lampe-light: Wherefore letno man feare left
learning fhould expulfe bufinef[z; nay rather it will keepe and
defend thepoffefsions of the minde, againft idleneffe and
pleafure, which otherwife, at unawares, may enter, to the
prejudice both of Bufineffeand Learning.
9... Againe, whereas they object, That learning fhould un-
dermine the reverence of Lawes and Government, itis a meere
calumny without all fhadow of truth:For to fay that a blind
obedience {hould be a furer obligation then an ocular duty,
is all one as tofay, that a blind man may tread furerby a
guide, then a Íceing man-ean with the ule of a light and his
eves. Nay itis withoutall controverfie that Learning doth
make the mind of man, gentle, ductile, maniable and pliant
to government; whereas ignorance makes them churlifh,
thwart, and mutinous; which the Records of time doe
cleerely manifeft, confidering that che moft unlearned,rude
and barbarous times have bin moft fubjeé to feditions, tu-
mults and changes. As for the judgement of Catothe Cenfor,
he was well punifht for his blafphemy against learning: For
when he was paftthreefcore years old, he was taken with
an extreme defire to goe tothe {choole againe, and to /earne
the greek tongue; which doth well demonftrate that his for-
mer cenfure of the Grecian Learning was rather an affected
gravity, thanthe inward fenfe of his own opinion. As for
Virgil's verfes, though it pleafed him to brave the world in
takeing to the Romanes the Art of Empire, and leaving to o-
thers all other e47ts,as popular and fervile; yet fo muchis
manifeft chat che Romans never afcended to that hight of
Empire, till the timethey had a{cended to the hight of Arts.
For inthe time of the two firft Cefars, Perfons moft perfect
inthe State-principles of Government, there lived contem-
potariessthe bef} Poet, Virgiliw Maro, The beft Historiogra-
phers Titus Liviu, the beft Antiquary, Marcus Varro, the beft
or
Or Learnina: Lis. |.
or fecond Orator Mareus (icero,without queftionthe chiefeft,
every one intheir feverall faculty,that to the memory of
manare known. | Laflly; as for the aceu/ation of Socrates, on-
ly this [ays The time mult be remembred when it was pro-
iecuted, namely under the thirty Tyrants, of all mortalls the
bloodieft ; bafeft.and moft unworthy of Government:
which revolution of State & Time was no fooner over but
Socrates, whom they had made aPerfon Criminall, was
made a Perfon Heroicall; and his Memory accumulate with
all honours divine and humane;and thofe Difcourfes of his,
which were than termed Corrupting of Manners, were af.
ter celebrated by all Pofterity for moft foveraigne medicines
of Mindand Manners. Andletthis ferve for anfwerto Po-
litiques, whichintheir humorous feverity, or in their feig-
ned gravity, have prefumed to throw imputations upon
Learning; which redargution nevertheleffe, fave that we
know not whether our labours may extend to other ages;
feems not fo needfull for the prefent, feeing the afpect and
favour of two moftlearned Princes ( Queene ELizaBeTH &
Your Majefly ; being as Caffor and Pollux, Lucida Sidera,
ftarres of a moft benigne influence) hath wrought in us of
Britaine, fo much love and reverence towards Learning.
IITITIITTITITITTTTPTUTITTOITTTTITIT
C A P: Tit.
I Difcredits of Learning from Learned mens Fortunes, Manners,
Nature of ftudies. Ir. Intheir Fortunes fcarcity of Meanes,
§ obfcurity of life. Meaneffe of Imployment.. Tit. Intheir
Manners, Too Regular for the times, § Too fenfible of the good of
others, and neglective of their own. § They faile in applying them-
felves to Particular Perfons. § They faile in fome points of Beba.
vieur. § Groffe Flattery practistd by fome Learned; 9 Inflan-
ced in tbe Moderne Dedication of Bookes, 9 Dilcreet Morigera-
tion allowed.
Yep Ow come we tothe third fort of Difcredit ot
ip Diminution of Credit, that redoundes upon
550995 Learning from learned men themfelves, which
commonly cleaveth fafteft. It is derived either from their
: Fortune
-
18 Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
Fortune; ox from their Manners, or from the Nature of their
ftudiess; whereof the firft is not intheir power; the fecond
is not to the point; fo asthe third alone feemeth properly
to fall into enquiry: but becaufe we are not in hand with
the true valew of things, but with popular eftimation, it
will not be amiffeto infinuate fomewhat alfo of the nwo
former. |
II. The Derogations therefore, or Diminutions of Cre-
dit which grow to Learning from the fortune of Learned -
men, are taken either from their Poverty and {carcity of
Meanes, or from their obfcure and prepate courfe of Life. ot
from the meanne[[e of imployment wherein toey are conver{ant.
§ Asconcerning Want, and that ufually is the cafe of
Learned men, thattheyare poore, and commonly begin
with litle and grow not rich fo faft as other men, which
convert their labours chiefly to lucre and encreate; it were
good to leave the common Place in Commendation of Po-
verty to fome Frier Mendicant to handle, (if bytheir leaves
Imay be fobold) to whom much was attributed by Ma-
chiavell in this point, when he laid, that the Kingdome of the
clergie had bin long before at an end, if the reputation and reyes
rence towards the Poverty of Friers and Monkes, bad not borne
out the [candalls of the fuperfluities and exceffes of Bifbops and
Prelates: fo aman might fay that the felicity and magnifi-
cence of Princes and great Perfons, had long fince turned to
Barbari{me and Rudenefle, ifthe Poverty of Learning had :
not kept up civility and honor of life. But without fuch
advantages of hunting after the praifethereof, it is worthy
obfervation, what a facred and reverend thing Poverty of
Fortune was, for (ome ages inthe Roman State, which yet
was a State without Paradoxes. For thus faith Titws Lrvius
Praf.lib. 1+ in his introduction, Either my affection tothe worke I have un-
dertaken deceaves me, or there was never State more great, more
religious more richly furnifh't with good prefidents; nor which a-
varice and riot conquered {0 late, nor wbere [o great reverence to
Poverty and Parcimony continued folong. So likewife after
the State of Rome was now degenerate, we read that p
Cafar
Dell. Hift.
Fior.lib.1.
Or Learnine: Lis. I. 19
Cafar the Diétator took uponhima Reftauration of the col-
lapfed ftate,one of his confidents gave him this counfill; That
ot all Points the moftfummary to fuch a defignement, as he
went abouts was by all meanes to take away the eftimation
of wealth, For (faith he) the/e and all other evills, together Orat.ad C;
with the reputation of mony [ball ceafe if neither publique Offices ar im:
nor any other Dignity which commonly are [o coveted were expo- putata.
fediofale. Toconclude this points as it was truly faid that
Rubor eft virtutis Color though fometimes it come from vice; Lacrt.in
{o you may truly fay; Paupertas ef? virtutts fortuna; though Peg
fometimes it may proceed from miígovernment and im-
providence. Surely this is Solomons Cenlure, Qui feftinat ad p.oy 29.
divitias non erit infons, and Precept, “Buy the truth and fell it prow 23. 23 .
not;So wifdome and knowledge judging it right and equall
that meanes fhould be imployedto get Learning, and not
Learning be applied to gather up meanes;
- 9. Towhatpurpofe fhould we fpeake of the private-
nelle and ob[cureneffe of life , which is objected to learned
men? Itisa Theme fo common and fo frequently handled
by all, to extoll Leafure and retiredneffe, not taxed with fen-
duality and floth, beforea Civileand A&ive life; for fafety,
liberty, fweetneffe, dignity, oratleaft freedome from in-
dignities, asno man handles this fubjeét , but handles it
well: fuch a confonancy it hath to mens conceptions in the
exprefsing; andto mens confentin the allowing. This on-
ly I willadde, that Learned men forgotten in States, are like
the Images of Caffzw and Brutw inthe funeralls of Iunia, of |
which,not to be reprefented as others were,Tacitw faith Eo Annal.3.
apfo prafulgebant quod non'vi[cbantur.
For Meanne(fe of imployment afsigned to Learned men,
that which is moft traduced to contempt is, That the go-
vernment of childhood and youth is commonly allotted to
‘thems the contempt of which age is transferred upon the
Preceptors or Tutors. Buthow unjuft this traducement is,
if you will reduce things from popularity of opinion, to
meaíure of reafon, may appeare in that we fee men are
:imore carefull what they put into new veffels, then intoa
C 2 veífelt
20
Toel. 2.
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
veffell feafon’d; and more curious what mould they lay a-
bout a young plant; then a plant corroborate. So as it is ma-
nifeft that the weakeft termes and times of all things; ufe to
have the beft applications and helps. Harken, if you pleafe,
tothe Hebrew Rabbins, Your young men fball fee viftons, your
old men [ball dreame dreams ; from this Textthey colle&t, chat
youth is the worthier age, by fo much as Revelation is more
cleare by vifions,then by dreames. And itis worth the note-
ing that however Pedants have bin the derifion and fcorne
of Theaters, as the Apes of Tyranny, and that the moderne
loofeneífe or negligence hath taken no due regard tothe
choice of Schoolemaffers and Tutors ; yetit hath binan anci-
ent complaint drawn down from the beft and wifefttimes, |
even to our age, that States weretoo bufie with their Lawes
and too negligent in point of Education. Which excellent
part of Ancient Difcipline hath bin infome fort revived of
late times by the Colledges of the Iefuits, whofe paines and di-
ligence when I confider, as wellinthe culture of. know-
ledge, as information of manners, the fayingof Agefilaus
Plut.inA- touching Pharnabaxw comes into my mind, Talis cum fis
gefil.
utinam nofter effes. And thus much concerning the difcre-
dits drawn from the Fortunes and Condition of Learned men.
III As touching the Manners of Learned men , it is a
thing belonging rather to their individuall Perfons, than
their ftudies and point of learning: No doubt there is
found among themas in all other Profefsions;ànd Conditi-
ons of life; men of all temperatures, as well bad as good,
but yet fo» as it is not without truth that is faid, abire Studia
in mores; and that Learning and Studies; unleffe they fall up-
on very depraved difpofitions, have an influence and opera-
tion upon the manners of thofe that are converíant in them,
to reforme nature and change it to the better.
Butupon an attentive and indifferent review; I for
my part, can not finde any difgrace tolearning can proceed
fromthe Manners of Learned men, adherent untothem as they
are Learned, unle(fe peradventure it be a fault ( which was
the fuppofed fault of Demofthenes, Cicero, Cato the fecond, Se-
neca,
Or Learnine. Lis. I. ai
neca,and many more) that becaufe the timesthey read of,
are commonly better, chan the times they live in;and the dus
ties taught, better then the duties practifed; they contend. too
farre, to reduce the corruption of manners to the honesty of pre-
cepts, and pre[cripts , of a too great hight, and to impo[e the
Lawes of ancient [everity upon diffolutetimes: and yet they have
Caveatsenow touching this aufterity out of their owa
Iprings: For Solon, when he was asked, Whether be bad Baron
ven his Citizens the beft lawes? tbe beft (Laid he) of fuch as they iene
would receive. So Plato, finding that his own heart could not
agree with the corrupt manners of his Country, refuted to
beare place or office faying, That a mans Country isto beufedin vita, in
as his Parents weres that iss with per fwafion and not with violence, Pit abi.
by entreating and not by contefting: And Cefars countelor put
intheíame caveat, faying, non ad vetera inftituta revocans Orat ad C.
que jampridem corruptis moribus ludibrio funt: And sano Col Sal
notes this error directly in Cato the fecond, writing to his OR
friend Atticus, Cato optime fentit (ad nocet interdum Reipub. lo: Ad Attic.
quitur enimtanquamin Repub. ‘Platonissnon tanquam in fcc l3. cp. 1.
Romuli. 'Vhe (ame Cicero doth excuíe and expound the Phi-
lofophersfor going too farre, and beingtooexactin their — —
Prefcripts, Tbefe fame Praceptors and Teachers , (faith he) pro 1, Muc
feemto have ftretched out the line and limits of Duties [omewbat vena.
beyond the naturall bounds, that when we had laboured to reach
the higheft point of Perfection , we might reft where it was
meet > and yet himfelfe might fay, Monitis fum minor ipfe
seis ; for he ftumbled at the {ame ftone, though in not fo
extreme a degree. .
§ Another fault which perchance not undefetvedly is
objected againft Learned men, is this,that they have preferr'd
the honour and profit of their Countrey,and Mafters before thetr
own fortunes and (afeties. So Demafthenes to his Athenians,
My Counfells (faith he) if you pleafe to note it , are not fuch ees
whereby T [bould grow great among[l you, you become litle-4- ^
mong [1 the Grecians; buttbey be of that nature as ave fomctimes
not good for me to give, but are alwaies good for youto follev. So
Seneca after he had coníecrated that. Quinquennium Neronts
C3 to
22
Matt. 25.
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
to che ecernall glory of Learned Governors, held on his ho-
neftand loyall courfe of Good and Free Counfell, after his
Mafter grew extremely corrupt to his great perill and ac laft
to his ruine. Neither can it be otherwife conceived, for
Learning endues mens minds with a true fenfe ofthe frailty
of their Perfons; the Cafualty of fortune; the Dignity ofthe
foule; and their vocation: which when they think of, they
canby no meanes períwade themfelves that any adyance-
ment of their own fortunes, canbe fet down as a true and wors
thy end of their being and ordainement. Wherefore theyfo
live, as ever ready to give their account to God; and to their
Mafters under God; whether they be Kings or States they
ferve, in this ftile of words, Ecce titi Lucrifeci , and not in
that Ecce mihi Lucrifzci. But the corrupter fort of Politiques,
that have not their mindes infticuted and eftablifh’t in the
true apprehenfion of Duties,and the contemplation of good
inthe univerfality, referre all things to themfelves, as if they
were the worlds Center, and that the concurrence of all lines
[ould touch inthemand tbew fortunes ; never careingin all
tempefts, what becomes of theShip,fo they may retire and
{ave them felves inthe Cock-boate of their own fortune.
Onthe contrary,they that feelethe waight of Duty, and un-
derftand the limits of felfe love; ufe to make good their pla-
ces, and duties, though with perill: andif they chance to
ftand fafe in {editions and alterations of times and Gover-
ment, it is rather to be attributed to the reverence which
honefly even wrefteth from adverfaries, than any verfatile
or temporizing advantage in their own carriage. But forthis
point of tender fenfe, and faft obligation of duty, which
without doubt Learning doth implant inthe minde, how-
ever it may be taxed and amerced by Fortune; and be delpi-
fed by Politiques in the depth of their corrupt principles, as
a weake and improvident virtuesyet it will receive an open
allowance, fo as in this matter there needs the tefle dif-
proofe or excufation.
9 Another fault there is incident to Learned men,
which may fooner be excufed than denied namely ero:
they
Or LEARNING. Lis. I; 2j
they doe not eafily apply and accommodate tbem[el'ves to perfons
with whom they negociate and live: which want of exact appli-
cation arifeth from two caules,The frr? ws, the largeac[]Je. and
greatne[Je of their minds, which can hardly ftoope and be confined
withinthe obferyation of the nature and cnStome of one perfon. It
is the {peech of a Lover, not of a wile man, Satis magnum Seneca.
alter alteritheatrum fumus. Neverthelefle I fhall yeeld that
he that cannot contract the light of his mind; as he doth the
eye of his body, as wellas difperfe and dilate it, wants a
great faculty foran a&ive courle of Life. The fecond caufe ts
the honefty and integrity of their nature, which argueth no in-
hability in them, buta choife upon judgement; forthe true
and juft limits of obfervance towards any perfon; extend
no farther ,then fo to under(tand his inclination and dit-
pofition, as to converfe with him without offence; or to be
- able, if occafion be offered; to. give him faithfull counfill,
and yetto ftand upon reafonable guard & cautionsin refpect
of our felves: butto be fpeculative into others; and to fecle
out amans difpofition, to the endto know how to worke
him; winde him and governe him at pleafure; is not the part
of an ingenious nature; but rather of a heart. double and clo-
yen; whichas in friendfhip;it is want of integrity ; fo to-
wards Princes and Superiors itis want of Duty. Forthe
Cuftome of the Levast, whereby it was accounted a hai-
nous offencesto gaze and fixe theireyes upon Princes; is in-
deed, in the outward ceremony, barbarous, but good in the
morall; foritbecomes not Subjects by bent and inquifitive
obfervations, to penetrate into the hearts of Kings , which Prev.35:
the Seripcure hath declared to be, éafcrutable.
§ ‘There is yet another fault with which I will con-
clude this Part , which is often noted in Learned men;
namely; that in (mall and outward matters of behaviour and
earriage (asin countenance; gefture, march, ordinary dif-
courfe,and the like) they doe many times faile to obferve decen-
[y and difcretion, fo asthe vulgar fort of capacities make a
judgement of them in greater matters, by that:whtich they
finde wanting in {mall and ordinary points of Action. But
this
24
De Merc.
conduct.
Or Tug ADVANCEMENT
this prejudication doth oftentimes deceive them: nay let
them know, they have their anfwer from ThemiStoclesswhe
being invited totouch a lute, {aid arrogantly enough, being
appliedto himfelfe, but pertinently to the purpofein hand,
That be could not, indeed, fiddle but be knew bow to make a (mall
Towne, a great State, And there are, nodoubt, many well
{een inthe Arts of Government, and Policy, which are to
feeke in ordinary converlation and pun@tuall occafions. I
referre {uch {coffers tothe Elogie Alcibiades gave of his Ma-
fter Socrates, whom he compar’d to the Gallipots of the Apo-
thecariesswhich on the outfide were drawne with Apes, Owles, and
Antiques, but contained within precious liquors and foveraigne
confections. acknowledging that to vulgar capacity and po-
pular report, he was not without fome fuperhciall levities,
and deformities, but was inwardly replenifht with excel-
lent powers and virtues. And fo much touching the Point
of Manners of learned men.
§ Inthemeantime! thought good toadvertife, thatI
have no purpofeto give allowance to fome bafé and unwor-
shy Conditions of [ome Profz(fours, whereby they have diícre-
dited both Themfelves and Learning:fuch were thofe tren.
cher Philofophers;which in the laterage of the Roman ftate;
were ufually in the howfes of Great Perfons, whom not
improperly you may call folemne Parafites: of which kinde
Lucian makes a merry defcription of the Philofopher, that
the great Lady took to ride with her in the Coach, and
would needs have him carry her litle Dogge Melitew,
which he doing officioufly and yet uncomely, the page {cof-
fing faid, I doubt our Philo/opher of a Stoick will turne Cynique.
But above all the reft the groffe and palpable flattery where-
unto many not unlearned have abafed and abufed their wits
and pens, turning as Du Bartw faith Hecuba into Helena, and
FauStina into Lucretia, hath diminifht the prize and efti-
mation of Learning. |
& Neitheristhe Moderne Dedication of Bookes to “Patrons
to be Commended, fox that Bookes; fuch as are worthy the
name of Bookes, ought to have no Patron but Truth and
| vd Reafon.
——-——
OF E#ARNING; Lib. d ; aj
Teafon. The cuftome of the Ancients was better, who were
Wont to dedicate their writings only to private and equall
friends , or to entitle the Bookes with the names of fuch
friends, or if they Dedicated their Books to Kings or Great
Perfons, it was tofome luch as the Argument of the Book
was fit aud proper for. Thefeand the like Courles may de:
ferve rather reprehenfion than defence.
§ Nor fay Ithis, asif I condemned the Morigeration
and application of Learned men; to men in fortune and place; for
theaniwer was good that Ari/fippus made to one that askt
him in mockery, How tt cameto paffe tbc: ‘Philofophers were Laert. ia
followers of Rich men, and not Rich-men of Philofopbers? He an. Aritip:
Íwered foberly and yet fharpely, That tt was becaufe Philofo-
phers knew well what they bad need ofsbut Rich mé did not.Of like
nature was the anfwer which the fame Philofopher made
when having a Petition to Dionyfim and no eare givento
him, befell downe at his feet in manner of a worfbipper, wheré- Ibid.
upon Dionyfius ftaid and gave bim tbe bearing , and granted it:
but a litle after,fome períon tenderof the honour and cre:
dit of Philofophy , reproved Ariftippus that he would offer the
Profefion of Philofophy {uch an indignity as for a private [nite
10 fallto a Tyrants feet? towhomhe relied; That was not his rep lio
faults but it was the fault of Dionyfius that had bu eares inbis —
feet. Neither was it accounted weakneffe, but a ‘dilcretion
in him that would not difpute his beft with Adrianus Cefar, Spartlan.in
excufing the fact, That it was reafonto yeeld vo bim that com. "dian:
manded thirty Legions: 'Yheíe and fuch like applications and
flospeings of Learned men below the termes of Gravity, at the
command of necefsity or the advantage of dccafion, cannot
becondemned; forthoughthey may feeme, at firít fight,
fomewhat bafe and fervile, yet in a judgement truly made,
they are to be accounted /ubmiffions tothe Occafion and not
tothe Per/on.
D CAP.
26
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
lke, n ME
debddd debe pbbbebpeto bbb pb bte bebe tee eee»
C AB... "IV,
i. Diflempersof Learning from Learned mens ftudies , are of three
forts. Phantafticall Learning, Contentious Learning, Delicate
Learning. II. Delicate Learning, ¢ Curiofityin words through
Profüfene[fe of fpeech. 9 Decent expre(sion commended, § Afe
fected Brevity cen{ured. 11. Contentious Learning, a Curiofity
in matter,through the novelty of termes, or flricfneffe of Pofitions.
§ A vanity either in Matter or in Method. Vv. Phancafticall
Learning hath two branches, Impofture, Credulity. § creduli-
ty isabeliefeof Hiftory. § Or abeliefe of Art or Opinion; and that
either Reall in the Art it felfe. § Or Perfonall inthe Auctor of fuch
an Art, or Science.
2? ET us now proceed tothofe Eirors, and Vanities,
$23 which have intervened among {t tbe ftudies of Learned
2» men, and therewith are intermingled, which is the
principall point and proper tothe prefent Argument; where.
in my purpofe is notto patronize errors, but by a Cenfure
and feparation of the errors; to fift out that which is found
and folid, and to deliverthe fame from afperfion. For we
fee itisthe manner of men, efpecially of envious perfons; to
Ícandalize, and deprave that which retaines the | State and
Virtue, by takeing advantage upon that which: is. corrupt
and degenerate, asthe Heathens in the Primitive Church
us’d to blemifh andtaint the Chriftians, with the faults and
corruptions of Heretiques : Nevertheleffe [have no mean-
ingto makeany exact animadverfion of che Errors,and Jm-
pediments in matters of Learning, whichare more fecretand
remote from vulgar opinion, but only to {peak of fuchas _
doe. fall under;a,common and | popular obfervation;and
known, or atleaft, which recede not fatre of clierefrom. |
;onls;; [finde therefore chiefly three vanitiessand vacuities
in Learning, which have given occafion to the reproachand
difgrace thereof. For thofe things are efteemed vaine which
are either fal/e,or frivolous, namely, wherein there is, either
notruth,or noufe: thofe Perfons we efteeme vaine, which
are either Credulzu in things falfe, or'Curiow in things of :
tle
Or LearRnine: Lis. I.
deufe. And Curiofity is eitherin matter orin words; that is
when either labouris{pentin »aige matters, ortime is Wa=
fted in the delicacy of fizewords: fo that itis agreeable as
well to true reafon asapproved experience, to fet down
three diftempers of Learning; The firft is Phantafficall
Learning; Thefecond Contentious Learning, The third Pain-
ted and Delicate Learning: or thussvaine Fmaginations, yaine
Altercations, vaine Affetzations. And with the Laft I will
beginone, _
1l. This Diftemper featedin the /uperfluity and pro-
fufenelfe of fpeech (though in times paft by turnes, it was in
{ome price) about Luthers time, got up mightily into credit,
and eftimation. The heat and efficacy of Preaching, to
winne and draw on the people, began chiefly about that
time to florifh; and this required a popular kind of expref-
fion. This wasturtherd by the Enmity and Oppofition con-
ceaved inthat fame age againft the Schcolemen, whole writ-
ings were altogether in a differing ftileand forme of expret-
fion; taking liberty to coine and frame new and rude
termes of Art, whithout any regard to the pureneffe and ele-
gancy of fpeech, fothey might avoid circuit of words, and
deliver their fenfe and conceptions, in a precife exact expref-
fion: and fo it came to paffe a litle after, that a greater care
wastaken for Words, than Matter ; and many affected ra-
ther Compineffe of ftile; a round and clean Period; the
{weet falling of the claufes; and illuftrations by Tropes and
Figures; than the waight of Matter, fouridneffe of Argu-
ment, life of Invention, or depth of Judgement. Then
{prang up the flowing and watery veine of Oferiw,the Portu-
gall Bifhop,to bein price and requeft: Then did Sturmius
{pend {uch infinite and curious paines upon Cicerothe Ora-
tor, and Hermogines the Rhetorician. Then did our Carre
and Afcham in their Lectures and Writings almoft Deifie
Cicero, and Demofthenes, and allure young Students to that
polifht and florifhing kinde of Learning. Then did Eraf-
mus take occafion to make that fcoffing kinde: of Echo,
Decem annos con[umpfi in Legendo Cicerone, to which the
D2 Eche
32
28 Or Tue ADVANCEMENT.
Echo anfwered, One, Afine. Than grew the Learning of
the Schoolemen to be utterly defpifeds as rude and barba-
rous. In fumme,the whole inclination and bent of thofe
times was, rather about Copie than Waigbt. Here we fee
the firft Diffemper of Learning when, as we have faid, men
ftudy Words and act Matter. Whereot though J have repre-
fented examples of late times only, yet fuch vanities have
bin accepted, in fome degree or othersin ancienttimes, and
will be fo hereafter. Now it is not pofsible but that this
fhould have an operation to. difcredit and debafe the repu-
cation of Learning, even with vulgar capacities, when they
{ee Learned mens Workes,likethe firft letter of a Patent,
which though it be limmed and fet out with large florifhes;
yetit isbut aletter. And it feemes to me that “Pigmalions
frenxie is agood Embleme and Portraiéture of this vanity;
for what are words but the Images of matter , and except
they be animated with the fpirit of reafon , tofallin Love
with them;is all one as to fall in love with a Pi&ure. |
§ But yetnotwithftanding itis athing not haftily co be
condemned to illuftrate and polifh the obícurity and rough:
neffe of Philofophy, with the fblendor of wordes and fenfiblé
elocution, For hereofwe have great examples in Xenophon,
Cicero, Seneca, Plutarque, andeven in ‘Plato himfelfe, and
the ufe hereof is great: For though to the fevere inquifition
of Truth, and the deep progreffe into Philofophy, it is fome
hinderance; becaufe it is too early fatisfactory unto the
mind, and quencheth the thirft and defire of farther fearch;
yetifa man beto have any ufe offuch knowledge in Civill
occafions (of Conference, Counfill, Perfwafion , Difcourfes
and the like) he fhallfindeall that hedefireth prepar'd and
fet outto his hand in thofe Awétors. Butthe exceffe of this
is fo juftly contemptible; that, as Hercules; when he faw the
Jmage of Adonis, Venus minion, inthe Temple , faid, Ni
facies, fothereis none of Hercules followersin Learning,
I mean , the more induftrious and fevere inquirers into
Truth, but will defpife thofe Delicacies and Affe @ations, as
indeed capable of no Divineneffe.
§ Litle
Or LEARNING. Lis. I.
$ Litle better is that kind of (tile (yet neitheris that al-
together exempt from vanity ) which neer about the fame
time fucceeded this Copy and fuperfluity f fpeech. The labour
here is altogethersThat words may be aculeate, femtences concife;
andthe whole contexture of tbe (peech and difcour[ey rather round=
ing into it [elfe than fpread and dilaied: Sothatit comesto
patfeby this Artifice, that every paflage feemes more witty
and waighty than indeed it is. Such a ftile as this we finde
more excesfively in $eneca; more moderately in Tacitus and
Plinius Secundw; and of late it hath bin very pleafing unto
the eares of our time. And this kind of expreísion hath
found fuch acceptance with meaner capacites,as to bea
dignity and ornament to Learning ;. nevertheleffe, by the
more exact judgements; it hath bin defervedly defpited;and
may befet down a a diffemper of Learning, teeing it is no-
thing elfebuta hunting after words, and fine placing of
them. And thus much of thefirft Difeafe ot Diflemper of
Learning. | | ' |
III. Now followes the difteniper ferledim Matter which
we fet down as a fecond difeafe of Learning ,& have defigned
itbythe name of Contentious fubiletie; and chis isin nature
fomewhat worfe than that whereof we fpake even now,
For as the fubftance of Matter, is better than the beauty of
wordes; fo on the contrary, vanity of Matter is more odious
than vanity of words. Wherein it feerneth that the reprehen-
fion of S:Paul wasnot only proper for thofetimes , but
Propheticall for thetimes following ; and not only refpe-
29
ctive to Divinity, but extenfive to all knowledge, Devita t.Tim. 6: 20
prophanas "vocum novitates : Forin thefe words he a(signes
two MarkeSand Badges of fufpeéted and falfified fcience;
The firftis the Novelty and Strangene[[e of Termes; The o-
ther, the ffri£nefe of Pofitions, which of necefsity induce
oppofition and fo Alterations atid Queftions. etii
like as many fubftances in nature; ‘which aré folid and en-
tire, doe many times puttifie and córrupt intówormes; fo
good and found Knowledge doth often putrifie arid diffolve
into a number of fubtle, idle, unwholfomes and’ (as I may
ticis D 3 terme
4H. ^^ ca^ om
Py
-—-
ZO
&fop.Fab
Plut.Mer.
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
terme them) vermiculate Queftions, which feem indeed
to have a kind of Motion and Quickneffe in them, and yet
they are unfound and hollow, and of no folid ufe. This
kind of Degenerate Learning corrupting it felfe, did chiefly
raigne amongft the Schoolemen; who having a bundance of
Leifure, fharpe, and ftrong wits, and {mall variety of read-
ing, (for their wits were fhut up within the writing ofa
few Auctors, chiefly Ariffotle, their Di&ator, as their Per-
fons were fhutup inthe cells of Monafteries and Colledges)
and for moft part ignorant of the Hiftory either of Nature,
orof Time did out of no great Quantity of Matter, but in-
finite agitation of their Witand Phancy;as of the fpindle,
fpinne out unto us thofe laborious webbes of Learning,
which are extant intheirBookes. Forthe Wit and Mind of
Man, if it worke upon Matter, by contemplating Nature
and the Works of God, worketh according to the/ftuffe; and
is limitedthereby, but if it worketh upon itfelfe; asche fpi-
der workes bis webbe, then it is endleffesand brings forth Cob-
webs of Learning, indeed admirablefor fineneffe of thred
and worke but of no Subftance and Profit.
§ This fame unprofitable fubtlety or Curiofty, is of two
forts; and itis difcerned either inthe fubje& and Matter it
{elfe; fuch as is fruitlefle Speculation or Controver(y, whereof
there are no {mall numberboth in Divinity and Philofo-
phy; Or inthe Masner and Method of handling, which a-
mongft Schoolemen was this; Vponevery Pofition or Af-
fertion they framed objections, then folutions of thofe ob-
jections, which folutions, for the moft part, were only di-
ftinctions, whereas indeed, the ftrength of all {ciences, like
the Old mans Fagot, confifteth not in every fticka fundersbut
inthem alltogether united in the bonde. For the Harmony
of [cietices, thatis when each part fupportsthe other, is and
oughtto be the true and briefe way of confutation and fup-
prefsion of all the (malier fort of óbje&ions: but onthe o-
ther fide, if you draw out every Axiome , asthe {ticks of a
Fagot, one by one, you may eafily quarrell with them, and
bendand break them at your pleafure. So that as it jb
ai
_ tai
OF LEARNING. Lis... : 51
qu 75 Ee ocalelbeunimduoda s. sacinest. Mb De MN NNNM RM]. C
faid of Seneca, verborum Minutiis rerum frangit ponder, Flin Gi
may truly be {aid of the Schoolemen, Queftionum Minuciis intitX.
fcientiarum frangunt pondcra. For were it, not better fora
man, ina faire roome to lec up onegreatlight , or branching
candleftick of lights, whereby all may be feene at once, than
to goe up and downewith a fmall watch candle into:every
corner? And fuch is their Method; that refteth not (o much
upon evidence of Truth proved by Arguments, Auctorities,
Similicudes and Examples;as upon particular Confurations,
and Solutions of every {cruple, cavillation;and objection;
thus breeding queftion upon queftion; even as in the for-
mer refemblance; when you carry the light into one corner,
you darken the reft. Sothat the fable of Scylla (cemes to be
alively image of this kindeof Philofophy or knowledge,
which for the upper part had the. fhape of a comely virgin,
butbelow, Candida [ucciatkam latrantibus inguina monftris. Virg. Buc.
So you fhall finde fome generalues of the Schoolemen, Ecl. 6.
faire and well proportioned, and invented to fome good
purpofe; but than when you del cend to diltinctions and de-
cifions; in fteed of a. fruitfull wombe for the ufe and bene.
fite of mans life; they end in monftrous and. barkeing Que-
ftions. Wherefore it is no marvaile, ifthis quality of Know-
ledge fall under, even popular, contenipt, the people being
apt to contemne Truth upon occafion of Consroverfies,and
altercations; andito think tbey are. all out. of their way,
which never meet and: agree among themfelves; and when
they feethe digladiationsof Learned. men,about matters of
no ule or moment, they eafily fall upon that, judgement of
Dionyfius of Syraculasverba ifla funt fcuwm otjoforum. , Not Laereius in
wichftanding it is moft certain; thacif the | Schoolemen; co Pte.
their great chirft of Truth, and, unwearied trayaile of wit,
had joynd variety, and vniverfality of reading, and contem-
plation , they had certainly proved excellent lights tothe
great advancement of all, Arts and Sciences. And thus much
of the fecond Dileale of Learning. ..
IV Forthethird Difeafe of Learning which concernes
Deceit or Catruth , cis of all the xeft the-fouleft, as thar
ki: icd which
EU—— À
—À
—s
Horat. Epi.
T
aC
lit
4
&
it. Hift,
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
which doth deftroy the Nature and effentiall forme of
Knowledge, which is nothing but a reprefentation of
Truth. Forthe Truth of “Being,and the Truth of Knowing
are all one, differing no more than the direétbeame, andthe
beame reflexed. This vice therefore brancheth it felfe into
two forts Impofture and Credulity; the one deceives, the o-
ther is deceived; which although they appearto be of a di-
verfe nature; the one feeming to proceed of Cunning, and
the other of Simplicity; yet for the moft part they doe con-
cutre, for as the verfe noteth, |
“Per contatorem fugite nam garrulw idem esl:
Incimating that an Inquifitive man t aPratler, fo upon the
like reafon, a Credulous man ix a deceaver. As welee itin
Fame & Rumors, that he that will eafily believe Rumors,
will as eafily augment Rumors; which Tacitus wifely notes
inthefe words Fingunt fimul credunt, fuch affinity there is
between a propenfity to Deceive and a facility to Believe.
$ This facility of Crediting and accepting all things;
though weakly authorized, is of two kindes, according to
the nature of the Matter handled; for it is either beliefe of Hi-
Story, or (asthe Lawyers fpeák) matter of Faét, or matter of
Opinion. Inthe former kinde, we fee with what loffe and
detriment of Credit and Reputation; this error hath di-
ftain'd and embafed much of the Ecclefiafticall Hiflory,
which hath too eafily received and regiftred Reports and
Narrations of Miracles wrought by Martyrs, Hermites, or
Monkes of the Defert; Anchorites , and other holy men;
and of their Reliques, Sepulchers; Chappells, Jmages and
Shrines, Soin Natarall Hiffory, wefee many things have
bin rafhly, and with litle choice or judgement received and
regiftred, as may appeare inthe writings of Plinius, Carda-
nus, Albertus, and diverfe of the Arabians, which are eve
Where fraught with forged and fabulous Reports,and chile
not only uncertaine and untried, but notorioufly untrue and
manifeftly convicted, to the great derogation of Natural
Philcfophy with grave and fober men. Wherein intruththe
wifdome and integrity of Arsstotle doth excellently —
that
Lue oc
«x
Or Learnine: Lis. I.
that haveing made fo diligentand exquifite a history of living
Creatures, hath mingledit fo fparingly with any vaine or
~ faigned matter; but hath rather caft all Prodigicus Reportss ye visa;
which he thought worthy the recording into one cummen-Autcult:
tary, wifely difcerning that matter of manifeft Truth(which
might be the experimentall groundworke whereupon Phi-
lofophy and Sciences were to be built) ought not. unadvi-
fedly. to be mingled with matter of doubtfull faith: and. yet
again things rare and ftrange, which to many feem incredi-
ble, are not wholly to be fuppreffed or denied to bee re-
corded to Pollerity.
§ But that other Facility of Credit, which is yeelded;
notto History and Reports, but to Arts and Opinions, is like-
wife of two forts, either whentoo much beliefe is attribu -
ted ro Arts themfelves, orto certain Auétorsin any Att. The
{ciences themfelves, which hold more of the fancy and of
beliefe, chen of Reafon and Demonftration;are chiefly three
Aflrelogie, Naturall Magiquesand Alchimie, of which {cien-
ces nevertheleffe the end and pretences are noble; For Affro-
l;gie profefleth to difcover the influence and domination of
the fuperior Globe; over the inferiot:. Magique propofeth to
itfelfe to calland reduce Naturall Philofophy trom variety
of {peculations, ro the magnitude of workes: Alebimie un-
dertakes to make a feparation and extraction of all hetroge-
neous and unlike parts of bodies; which in mixture of Na
ture are Implicate and Incorporate; and torefige and depu-
rate bodies themfelvess thatare diftained and'1eiled; to: fet
at liberty {uch as are bound and imprifoned; and to bring co
perfection {uch asateunripe. Butthe derivations and pro-
iequtions, which are prefumed to conduce to theíe ends;
both inthe Theorie and inthe Pradtile of zbefe' Arts jarefüll .
of Errors and Vanity. Noristhe Tradition and manner. of
Delivery formoftpart ingenious and without füfpition; bue
vail'd over and munited with deviles and impoftures. Yet
furely co Alehimie this rights due, thacit may. truely be com-
pared co the Husbandman whereof ZEfope makes the Fable;
that when be died, told his fonnes be, had left umtothem a great
ne E
male
24 Or THe ADVANCEMENT
male of Gold buried under ground in bis Vine-yard, but did not
remember the particular place where it was hidden, who when
they had with {pades turnd up allthe Vine-yard, gold in-
deed they fourid none; but by reafon of their ftirring and dig-
ing the Mold about the Rootes of their Vines, they had a
great Vintage the year following: fo the painfull fearch and
ftirre of Alchimif?s to make Gold, hath brought to light a
reat number of good and fruitfull experiments,as well for
the difclofing of nature, as the ufe of manslife.
§ As forthe overmuch Credit that hath bin given to Au-
étors in Scienceswhomthey have invested with the power of Di-
&lators that their words fhould ftand, and not of Confuls to give
advice; the dammage is infinitethat Sciences have received
thereby, as a Principall caufe that hath keptthem low ata
ftay and thatthey have lien heartleffe; without any notable
Growth or Advancement.For hence it hath come to paffe,that
in Arts Mecbanicall, the firft devifer commeth fhort, & time
fupplies and perfects the refl; bucin Sciences, the firft Author
goeth fartheftsand time loofeth and corrupteth.. So we fee
Artillerys Sailemg, Printing, were imperfect, formeleffe; and
groffely managed at firft, but in progreffe of time accom-
modated and refined: But contrariwifethe Philofophy and
Sciences of Arifloile; Plato, Democritus, Hypocrates, Euclide,
Archimedes were of molt vigor in their Auctors, and in pro-
ceffe oftimesbecame rather degenerate and embafed; and
loft much of their luftre; whereof the reafonis no other,
butthat inwAres Mechanicall, many wits and induftries have
contributed in one, in liberall Arts and Sciences, many wits and
induftries have bin {pent about, and yeelded to the art of [ome
one: whom. (norwithftanding many times) his fectators
haveratherdepravedthanilluftrated. For as water willnot
afcend higherthen the:levell of the firft {pring-head, from
whence icdefcendeth; fo knowledge derived from Arifforles
Arf. de. Willneverrife higher chan the knowledge of Ariftocle. And
Rep.Soph. .therefore although:the pofition be good; Opertet difcentem
list. credere, veticimuft be Coupled with this, Oportet jam édoftum
judicio [uoti For Difciples owe unto Matters, only a tes-
Sins 5 porary
Or LgaRNiING. Lis. |. T1
porary beliefe, and a {ulpention of their judgement, untill
they be fully inftructed, and not an abfolute. refignation of
their liberty, and a perpetuall captivity of their judgements.
Thereforesto conclude this point, J willfay no more but
this,Let great Auctors [o have their due, as we doe not derogate
from Time, which is the Auttor of Auctors and Parent of Truth.
Peccant Hümots in Learning. n Extream affection to two ex-
treams, Antiquity, Novelty, 11. C4 diflrnt, that any thing
New, /hould now be found buts d “That of all Sete s aud Opinions
| the bef hath (Hl prevailed. | Till. v4 over early reduction of
Knowledge into Arts and Methods. N. A neglect of Primitive
“PHILOSOPHY, VI. 4 Divorce of the Jutellezt from the Obiect,
XI. Infection of Knowledge in gentrall from individual! inclina.
, \t4ons, VINK. An impatience of Doubt, haft to Afertion, 1X. A
‘at LEDs jrrán manner of Tradition of. Knowledge. _X,, dime of wri-
Fes TU n [rationi wot Propagation of Knowledge. XI. Bud bf fiu-
dies y Cartofit y, Pleafwres, Profit, AL be! [bh du.
ji aos
VM -
per > Hus hav. Wwe at length ¢ gone over the three. Diflem-
Ett, pers or. Difeafes of Learning , sbefides the which,
pee thereare others rather peccant Humors, than comfrs -
d Difeafzs,x which nevertheleffe are not. fo fecrec and in:
cinfigue, but thazthey fall under a popular fenfe and rim
henfi ipn, and therefore are notto be paffed over...)
aL Thefitftof thefe isan extreme affection. of fo extremé:
ties Antiquit ty dud Novelty, wherein the daughters: of Time,
‘doe take after the Father,for asTime devoureth his. children,
fo thefe, one of them Jeeketh to depreffe the other; while
Antiquity envieth,there fhould be new Additions, and Novel-
zy can not be content toadde things recent, but. i it mult, de-
faceand sejectahe old. Surelythe advice of the, Prophet is
the crue direction inthis cafe, fate fuper vias antiquas G7 pi- Terem: &; «6
dete quenam fit viaretta Q9. bona«g ambulate in.ga:\ Antiquity
deferveth that reverence, that men, fhould make a ftay a
while; and, ftand, thereupon, and, look, about. £9) idifcover
which is the beft way; but when the dilcovery is is wellta-
E 3 ken
Hift.lib.9.
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
cient, ordine retrogrado, by a computation backward from
our own times.
Il Anothererror induced by the formeris, a fuppition
and diffidencesthat any thing fhould be now to be found out, which
the world fhould have mift and pafl over fo long time: as if the
fame objection might be madeto Time, wherewith Luciaz
reproacheth Iupiter, and otherthe Heathen Gods, For he
wonders that they begot fo many children inoldtime, and begot
none in histime? and askes in Ícoffing manner, whether they
were now become Septuagenarys or whether the Law Papia; made
again? old mens mariages, had reftrained them? So it feemes
men doubt leaft time is become paft children and génerati-
on. Nay rather the levity and inconftancy of mens judge-
ments, is hence plainly difcovered which untill a matter be
done, wonder it can be done. So Alexander s expedition in-
to Afa was prejudg d asa vaft and impofsible enterprize;
yet afterwards it pleafed Livie, fo to flight itasto fay of A-
lexander , Nil aliud quam bene am[w efl vana contemnere: The
fame hapned unto (Co/umbw in the wefterne Navigation.
But in intellectual matters [it is much more common, as
may be {een in many propofitions in Exclide, which till they
be demonftrate, they feem ftrange to our affent; but being
Demonftrate, our minde accepteth of them by a kind of
Recognifance or Retra&tation, (as the Lawyers {peak ) asif
we had underftood and knowne them before. |
IIT Anothererror which hath fome affinity with the
former is, a conceit That all {es and ancient opinions, after
they have bin difcuffed and ventilated, the bef till prevail'd and
fipprefl thereft. Wherefore they think that if a man fhould
begin the labour ofa new fearch and examination, he muft
needs light upon fomewhat formerly rejected, and after re-
jection, loft; and brought into oblivion: as if the multitude,
or the wilefts to gratify the multitude, were not more ready
to
Or LEARNING. Lis. I.
to give paffage to that which is populare and fuperficiall,
than tothat which is fubftantiall and profound. For Time
feemeth tobe of the nature of a Rivers which carrieth down
tousthat which is light and blownups and finketh and
drowneth that which is waighty and folid.
Iv Another error of divers nature from the former is,
The overearly and “Peremptory reduction of Knowledge into
Arts and Methods. which once done, commonly fciences receive
{mall or no augmentation. For as young men, whenthey knit
and fhape perfe&ly, doe feldome grow to a farther ftature;
fo knowledge while itis difperft into Aphorifmes,and Ob-
fervations may grow and fhoot up ; but once inclofed and
comprehended in Methods, it may perchance be farther
polifht and illuftrare,and accommodated for ufe and pra-
&ife, but it increafeth no more in bulke and fubftance.
V Another error which doth fucceed that which we
laft noted, is, That after diftribution of Particular Arts and
Sciences into their feverall placess many men have prefently a-
bandoned the univer{all notion of things; or Philofophia Prima;
which is a deadly enemy to all Progre(fion, Profpeéts are made
from Turrets and high places; and itis impofsible to difco-
ver the more remote and deeper parts of any fcience, if you
ftand butupon the flat and levell of the fame fcience, and af-
cend not as into a watch-Tower toa higher {cience.
VI Another error hath proceeded from too great a reve-
rence and a kind of Adoration ofthe mind and under(tanding of
man by means whereof men have withdrawn themfelves,too much,
From the contemplation of Nature, and the obfervations of expe-
rience, and have tumbled up and downe in their own fpeculations
and conceits; but of thefe furpafsing Opinators, and (if J may
fo {peak ) Futelle ftualifts (which are notwithftanding, taken
for the moft {ublime & divine Philofophers) Heraclitw gave
a jult cenfure;faying, Men feek truth in their own litle world,
and not inthe great common world, for they difdaine the Al-
phabet of nature, and Primer-Book of the Divine works;
which if they did notsthey might perchance by degrees and
leafure; after the knowledge of fimple letters, and fpelling
E 3 of
37
N.L.
d.
Or Fue ApvANCEMENT
of Syllables, come at laft, to read perfectly the Text and Vo-,
lume of the Creatures. Butthey, coptrariwife, by continu-
all meditationand agitation of wit, urge, andasit were in-
vocate their own {pirits to divineand give Oracles unto.
them, whereby they are delervedly and pleafingly deluded.
Vit. Another Error that hath fome connexion with
this latter, 1s, That men doe oftentimes imbue and infec their
meditations and doékrines with the in[ufrons of (ome Opinions, aud.
conceptions of their own, which they have moft admired; or [ome.
feciences to which they have moft applied and con[acrated them-
selves, giving all things a Dye and Tinfure, though very decei-
vable, from thefe favorite ftudies. Sohath Plato intermingled
his Philofophy with Theology, AriStorle with Logique;
The fecond Schoole of Plate, Proclw and the reft, with the
- Mathematiques. Thefe Arts hada kind of Primo-geniture
with them, which they would ftill bekifsing and making
much of, as their fitft bornefonnes. Butthe Alchimiffs have
forged a new Philofophy outof the Fire and Furnace; and
Gilbert our Countrey-manshath extracted another Philofo4
phy out of a Load-ftone. So Cicero; when reciting the feve-
rall opinions of themature ofthe foule, he found. a Mufitian
that held the foule was but a harmony, faith plefancly,
Tufclib.x, Hic ab arte fuanonrecefsit: But of thefe errors Ariffotle faith
De Gen. & aptly and wifely, Qui refpiciunt ad .pauca de facili pronun-
Cor. lib. 1. giant,
& alibi,
VIII |. Another error is, An impatience of Doubt and an un-
advifed haft to Alfertion without due and mature fufbenfion of the
judgement: For.thetwo waies of contemplation are not uns
like thetwo waies of Action, commonly fpoken of by the.
Ancients, of which the one was a plaine and {mooth way,
in the beginning)butinthe end impafsible; the other rough:
and troublefome inthe entrance, but after a while faire and.
even; fo is itin; contemplations , if a man. will begin in,
certainties, hefhallendin doubts; but if he can;be content.
tobegin with: doubts; and have patience a while; he fhall
énd in certainties. | vost dois
IX... Thelike error difcovereth it felfe inthe manner, of.
3 Tradition
Or LEa&NiNG Lis. I. àó
Tradition and Delivery of knowledge, which is, for the moft party
imperious and magiftrall, not ingentows and faithful. fo contri-
vedsas may rather command our a[Jent than [Land tó examinati-
on. It istrue that in compendious Treatifes defigned for
Practice; that Forme of writing may be retained; but ina
juftand compleat handling of knowledges both extremes
are to be avoided, as wellthe veine of Veileius the Epicure- Cicde Nat:
an, who feard nothing fo much as tofeemto doubt of anything. as Dit lib-ts
that of Socrates and the Academie, leaving all things in
doubt and incertainty: Rather men fhould affe& candor
and fincerity, propounding things with more or leffe affe-
veration,as they ftand in their judgement proved; more or
leffe.
X Othererrors there are in the (cope that men propound te
themfelves whereunto they bend their endeavours and fludies:
For whereas the moft devout Leaders and noted Profeffors
of Learning, ought chiefly to propound to themfelves to
make fome notable addition to the fcience they profeffe;
contrariwife, they convert theitlaboursto afpireto certain
fecond prizes, as to be a profound interpreter, or comrtienta-
tor; a fharp and ftrong champion or Defcndor,a Methodi-
callcompounder or Abridger: fo the Revenewes and Tn-
butes of Sciencescome tobe improved, but notthe Patri.
mony and Inheritance. -
-:XI But the greateft error of all the reftis, the miftaking
or mifplacing the laSt and farthest end of knowledge: For many
have entred into a defire of Learning and Knowledgesfome
upon an imbred and reftlefle Curiofty; others to entertaine
their mindes with variety and delight, others for ornament
and reputation.others for contradiftion and victory in dilpute;
others for Lucre arid living; few to improve the gift of rea-
fon given them from God, to the benefite and ufe of men.
As ifthere were fought in knowledge, a couch, whereupon
to tefta reftletfe and fearching fpirit;or a Tarraffe for a wan-
dring and variable mind to walk up and downe in at liberty
unreitrained; or fome high and eminent Tower 2f State,from
which a proud and ambitious mind, may haue a Profpect;
or
49
Ovid.Met,
19.
Pfal. 141.
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
ota Fert and commanding ground for ftrife and contenti-
on; ora /Pop for profit and fale; and not rather a rich flore-
houfe and Armorie for the glory of the Creator of ali things,
and the rcliefe of mans eftate. Forthis is that which indeed
would dignify and exalt Learning, if contemplation and
Action were more neerely and ftraitly, than hitherto they
have bin conjoyn'd and united together: which combina-
tion, certainly would be like unto that conjun&ion ofthe
two higheft Planets, when Saturne which hath the Domi-
nion over reft and contemplations, confpires with Iupiter
the Lord of Civill fociety and Action. Howbeit J doe not
mean when I {peak of ule and Action, Profeffory or Lucre-
tive Learning, for I am not ignorant how much that diverts
and interrupteth the Progreffiom and advancement of know-
ledge, like indeed the Golden apple, thrown before Atalanta,
which while fhe goes afide and ftoopeth to take up,the race
ishindred, Declinat curfus aurum 4, volubile tollit.
Neither is it my meaning, as was fpoken of Socrates, to call
Philofophy down from heaven,to converfe upon the earth;
that isto lay Naturall Philofophy afides and to celebrate only
Morall Philofophy and Policy. Buta$ Heavenand Earth doe
con{pire and contribute,to the ufe and benefit of the life of
Man; fo indeed this fhould be the endof both *Philofopbies;
that vain fpeculations, and what ever is empty and barren,
being rejected; that which is folid and fruitfull may be pre-
ferved and augmented; that fo Knowledge, may not be a
Courtezane for Pleafuresor as a bond-woman for gaine;but
asa {poufe for generation, fruit and honeft folace. |
§ Now methinksI have defcribed and opened; as bya
kind of Diffection, thofe Peccant Humors; or at leaft, the
Principall of them , which have not only given impediment
totbe Proficience of Learning, but have given al(o occafion
£0 the traducement thereof. Wherein if I have come too
neere tlie quick, itmuftbe remembred, Fidelia vulnera a
mantis, dolofaofcula malignantis: howeverthis furely I think
| have gaind, that I ought to be the better believed,concern-
ing the Commendations of Learning inthat which followes,
i becaufe
Or Learnina: Lis. | "m m
becaufe I have proceeded fo freely concerning cenfure, in
that which went before. And yet [have no purpofeto en-
terinto a Landative of Learning, orto make a Hymne to thé
Mufzs; though I am of opinions that it is long (ince their
Rites were duely celebrated: but my intent iss without var-
nifh or amplification; totake the juft waight and to bal:
lance the Dignity of Knowledge in the {cales with other
things; and to fearch out the true valewes thereof, from te-
flimonies Divine and Humane.
Té PBibée ete beee bie bbbbbiiédeéeebbieiebebbbtet
CAP: VL
The Dignity of Learning from Divine Arguments and Teftimó-
nies. T. FromGodswifdome. § Angels of Illumination. § The
firft Light and firft Sabbath. § Mans imployment inthe Garden.
9 Abels contemplative life. 6 Theinvention of Mufique. § Cons
fufion of Tongues. I. Theexcelent Learning of Mofes. § Job.
Salomon. § Chrift. 9. S.Paule. § The Ancient Doétors
ofthe Church. § Learning exalts the Minde to the Celebration
of Gods glory:and isa Prefervative againft Error and Vübelicfe.
1. $8592 Irftcheréfore letus feckethe Dignity of Know-
Ap ledge, in the Arch-Type or firft Platforme;
Asie Which is in the Attributes, and in the Aéts of God,
as farre as they are revealed to man, and may be obferved
with fobriety. Wherein we may not feeke it bythe name
of Learning; for all Learning is Knowledge acquired, and
no knowledge in God is acquired, but Originall: and there-
fore we muft look for it by another name, that is wi/dome ox
fapience,as the facred Scriptures callit: Itislothan; In the
works of the Creation, we lee a double emanation of Divine
virtue from God,whereof the one is referr’d to Power the 0- Gen. 2:
ther to Wi/dome, thatis chiefly expreft in making the Maj/fe
and fubítance of the Matter; this in difpofing the beauty of
the Forme. This being fuppofed it isto be obferved; that
for any thing which appeares inthe Hiftory of the Creation,
the confufed Mafle and Matter of Heaven and Earth was
made in a moment of Time; yet the Order and Difpofition
[y o
42 |. Og Tue ADVANCEMENT
of that Chaos or Malle, was the work of fix daies; fucha
note of difference it pleafed God to put uponthe workes of
“Power, and the works of Wifdome; wherewith concuttes,
that inthe Creation of the Matter, It isnot recorded that
God faid Let there be Heaven and Earth, as it is {aid of the
works following; but fimply and aétually, God made Heaven
and Earth:1o thatthe Matter (eemes to be as à Manufaétwre,
but the Forme carries the ftile of a Law or Decree.
§ Letusproceedfrom God t0.Angels or Spirits, whofe
nature in order of Dignity isnext Gods. We fee,fo farre as
credit is to be given to the Celeftiall Hierarchy, fet forthun-
Dion.Areo. der the name of Dionyfius Areopagita, that in the order of
Angells, the firft place or degree is given to the Seraphims
thatis, Angels of Love: the fecond tothe Cherubim, thatis,
Angels of Illumination: the third and fo following, Places to
Thrones, “Principalities and the reft, which are Angels of
Power and Miniftry. Soasfrom this order and diftributi-
On; it appeares,that the Angels of Knowledge and Illuminations
are placed before the Angels of Office and Domination.
§ Todefcend from Spirits and Intelle&tuall Formes,to
Senfible and Materiall Formes, we read that the firft of Crea-
Gent, ted formes was Light; whichhatharelationand correfpon-
dence in nature and Corporall things, to knowledge in Spi-
rits and Jncorporall things. So inthe diftribution of Daies;
we fee the day wherein God did reft and contemplate his
own workes was bleft above all the daies wherein the Fa-
brick of the *Oniverfe was Created and Difpofed.
es § After the Creation was finifht, we read that Man was
plact in the Garden to worke therein, which work fo appointed
to him,could be no other than the work of Contemplation, that
iss the end hereof was not for necefsity, but for delightand
exercife without vexation or trouble: For there being than
no reluctation of the Creatures no fweat of the brow; mans
imploymentmuft of confequence have bin matter of delight
and contemplation, not of Labour andWorke. Againes the firft
Aéts that man perform’d in “Paradice. comprehended the
two fummary parts of knowledge, thofe were the view of
Creaturess
Or Learnine, -Lis. I. FO
Creatures , and the impofition « f names. For the knowledge
which introduct the Fall, it was ( as we have toucht be-
fore) not the Naturall Knowledge concerning the Creatures;
but the Morall Knowledge of Good and Evill, wherethe fup-
pofition was, that Gods Commandements or “Prohibitions wete
net the Originals of Good and Evill, but that they bad other be-
ginnings, Which man afpired to know, tothe end to makea
totall defection from God,and to depend wholly upon hims
lelfe; and his Free-will.
§ Topaffeto thefirfteventor occurrence after the Fall
of Man, we fee (as the Scriptures have infinite Myfteries,
not v iolating at all the truth of the ftory or letter) animage of
thetwo States, the Contemplative and Active, figur d intbe Per- Gen. 4:
Jons of Abel and Cain, and in their Profefsions and Primitive
trades of life; whereofthe one was a Sheapheard, who by
reafon of his leature , reftina place, and freeview of Hea-
ven, 25 a lively image of a Conte mplative life; the other a Huss
bandman, that is,a mantoild and tired! w ith working; and
his countenance fix upon the earth. where we may feethe fa-
nour and Election of God went tothe Sheapheard and not to? the
tiller of Ground.
$. So in the age before the Flood; the holy beni Gens;
(with in, thofe few Memorialls which are there entred and
regiflred , touching the occurrences of that age ) have
vouchíafed to mention and honor Jnventors af Mufique and
works in. Mettals.
$ Inthenext Age after the flood, the great judgements a
— Gad. upon the ambition of Man wàs the Confufion ae res
Tongues, whereby the open trade and intercourfe of Learning»
aed 1 Knowledge was chiefly embraced.
dL... Lezus de(cend to Mofzs the Law- -givér & Gods fft
E. he isadorn'd in Scripture: with this commendat-
ons That he was (een im allthe Learning of the £Egyptians; which A827.
tion, we know, was one of the mioft ancient Schooles
of: the world, for fo Plato brings in che Agyptian Prieft (ay-
ing unto Solon, You Grecians are ever childrets you have no 1n Timae:
Anopledge of Antiquity nor Si of Knowledge: Let us take
a view
Levit.13.
1213-14 E
Tob. 26. 7
ibid.
Tob. 38. 31
lob. 9. 9:
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
aview of the Ceremaniall Law of Mofes, and we fhall finde
(befides the prefiguration of Chrift, the Badge or Difference
of the people of God, from the profane Race of the world,
the exercife and imprefsion of obedience, and other facred
ufes and fruits of the {ame Law) that {ome of the moft
learned Rabbins , have travelled profitably and profound-
ly in the fame intentively to obferve and extract, fometimes
a Natural, fometimes a Morall {ence of the Ceremonies and Or-
dinances: For exampleswhere it is faid of the Leproly, If the
whitene[Jz have over-(pread the flefbatbe Patient may pa(fe abroad
für clean, but if there be any whole fle[b remaining, be ts to be fen-
tenced unclean,and to be (eparated at the difcretion of the Prieft.
From this Law one of them collectsa Principlein Nature;
That Putrifattion ts more contagious before maturity then after:
Another raifeth a Morall inftruction; That men ore-fpread
with vice, doe not fo much corrupt publique Manners , as thofe
that are balfe evill and but in part only. So that from this and
other like placesin that Law, there isto be found,befides
Theologicall fence, much afperfion of Philofophy.
-$.-. Solikewife chat excellent Book of: Fob, if itbe revolved
with diligence, it will be found full and pregnant with the
fecrets of Naturall Philofophy, as for example,of (Cofimography
and the roundneffe ofthe Earth in thatplace, Qui extendit
Aquilonem fuper vacuum, 9. appendit Terram fuper nibilum,
where the Penfileneffe ofthe Earth; the Pole ofthe North;
and the Finiteneffe or convexity of Heaven, are manifeftly
touched. Again,of Aftronomy and Conftellations , in thofe
words, Spiritus ejusornapit Coloss obftetricante mann eius
educkus eft colubertortuofus: And in another place; Canft thou
bind the [weet influences of Pleiades, or loofe the bands of Orion?
where the fetled and immoveable configuration of the firft _
flarresever ftanding atequall diftance, is with great elegan-
cy defcribed. “Soin another Place, Which maketh Arfurwss
Orion and Pleiades and the (ecret chambers of the South: Where
he again points at the deprefsion of the Southern Pole, de-
- figning itby the name of the feerets of the South, becaufe the
Southern ftarres are notfeen upon our Hemifphear. Matter
: of
Or LEARNING. Lis. I. 4$ ^
ofGeneration of living Creatures, Haft thou not powred me
out like milkes and condenfed me like Curds? Matter of Mine-
rals,Swrely there à 4 Mine for Silver, and a place wherein Gold Yob.58;
ts fined; Iron ts diggedup ont of compatted duff; and “Braffe ex-
tra@ed from [lone diffolved in the furnace, and fo forward in
the fame chapter. cf
§ Solikewifeinthe perfon of Solomon the King, we [ee
the endowments of wifdome, both in his Petition and Gods «fent
thereunto preferred before all terrene and temporal felicity. By
virtue of which Donative and Grant; Solomon being fingu-
larly furnifht and enabled, not only writthole excellent Pa-
vables or Apbori[mes concerning Divine and Morall Philofo-
phy; but alfo compiled a Natural] Niffory of all verdure or
vegetables From the Cedar upon the Mountain, to tbe Mo[fe up- 1 Reg.a!
on the Wall; which is but the rudiment of a ‘plant, between
putrifaion and an Herbe, and a/fo of ail things that breath or
move. Nay the fame Selomon the King, although he excell'd
in treafure and the magnificerice of Building; of Shipping,
and Navigation , of Service and Attendance; of Fame & Re- |
. nown, and the like train of Glory; yet of this tich harveft
and confluence of Glory, he reaps and makes claim to him-
felfe of nothing; butonly thé Honor of the Jnquifition; and
Invention of Truth; for fo he faith exprelly, The Glory of = —
God isto conceale atbing , but the Glory of a King tr to find it our; 9v 28: =
As if according to that innocént and affectionate play of
Children, the Diviné Majefty took delight to hide his
works, to the énd to have them found out; andas if Kings
could not obtain a greater Honour; then to: be Gods play-
fellowes in that game, {pecially confidering thé great com:
mand they have of wits and means; whereby the inveftiga-
tion of all things may be perfe@ted: ^ 0 ,
§ Neither did the difpentation of 'Ged varie in thé
times after our Saviour came intothe world; For our Saviour
bim[elfe did first foew bis power to fubdue Fenotances by bts con-
Serence with the Dottors of the Law, and the Prieftsin tbe Tem- Luc. 2; -
ple before ie fhewéd his power to fubdué Natitre, by his — ——
great and fo many Miracles. 4nd the eoniming of the Holy A& Apol,
Bj eho gages
Iob. to,
46 Or. THE ADU ATUEENENT ina.
Ghoft was chiefly figur'd and expreft inthe fimilitude and guift
of Tongues, which arethe vehicula [cientis. i
$ .Sointhe election of thofe inflruments which it plea(zd
God to ufe in the Plantation of the Faith, at the firft he imploy-
edperfons altogether Unlearned, otherwife than by infpi-
ration from the holy Spirit; whereby more evidently he
might declare his immediat and divine working,and might
abafe all humane Wifdome and Knowledge: Yetneverthe-
leffe that counfill of his in this. refpect was no fooner per-
form’d, butin thenext vicifsitude and fuccefsion of time he
fent his divine Truth into the world, waited on with other
Learning; as with fervants and hand-maids ; therefore we
A&. Apo. fee S. Pauls pen, (who was only learned among ft the Apoftles)
12. _.. was chiefly imployed, by God, in the Scriptures of the
new, Leflamenta 3o sisraibua sd::20 2] !
§ Soagainweknowy that many of the Ancient Bi[bops
and Dottors of tbe Church were excellently read and (tudied in all
the Learning of the Heathen, info much that che Edict of the
Epit, aa Emperour Iulian whereby it wasinter dicted wntoChriftians tobe
lambl. admitted into Schooles, or exercifesof Learning, was eftimed
and accounted a more pernitious Engine and Machination
again{ftthe Chriftian Faith, than were all the fanguinary
P.Diac.l.3. profequtions of his predeceflors, Neither could the emu-
Parag.33¢ [ation and jealoufie of Gregory the First, (otherwife an ex4
cellent.man) w/o defígned to extingui/b and obliter ate Heathen
Auctors and Antiquity, ever, obtain the opinion of Piety and
Devotionamongft holy men. .But contrariwife it was the
Chrillian Church; which. amidft the. inundations of the
Scythians from the North-wett;and the; Saracens from the
Eaft, did preferve in the {acred Lap and Bofome thereof the.
pretious reliques of Heathen Learaing, which otherwife had
utterly perifht,and bin extinguifht. And of lateinour age
we may likeyife fee the Je/wtes, who partly in chemfelves;
and partly by emulation and. provocation of Adveríaries;
2 Dave much quickned and Slrengtbued tbe [late of Learning; we.
fee, JÁay, what norable fervices they have done, ndun
helpsthey have brought injto the repairing and eftablifhing
»{the Roman Sea, ame $ Where-
Or Learninai Lis. I. 47
| § Wherefore to conclude this Part, there aretwo prin-
cipall Duties & Services befides ornament and illuftration,
which human Learning doth performe to Faith and Religi-
on: The one, becaufethey are effectuall incitements tothe exal-
tation and celebration of the Glory of God: for as the Pfalmes, pal. xiX; ¢-
and other Scriptures, doe often invite us to the contempla-
tion, and publication of the magnificent and wonderfull
works of God; {6 if we fhould reft onlyin the outward
forme, as they firft offer themfelves unto our fenfes; we
fhould doe the like injury tothe Majefty of God, as ifwe
Íhould judge of the ftore and wealth of (ome excellent Jew-
eller, by that only, which is fet out towards the ftreet in his
fhop. The other,becaufe they minifter a fingular help and pre- Mat. 22} 2 -
fervative againft unbeliefe, and errors: You erresnot knowing
the Scriptures nor the Power of God. Where he layes before us,
two books or volumnes to ftudy, if we will be fecur’d ftom
errors: Firft the »olumne of Scriptures, which reveale the
will of God, than the volume of Creatures, which expreffe his
power; whereof the latter is as a key tothe formers not on-
ly opening our underftanding to conceive the true fenfe of
Scriptures, by the general rules of Reafon and Lawes of
{peech, but befides,chiefly opening our beliefe;in drawing
us unto a due meditation of the omnipotency of God; the
characters whereof are chiefly figned and engraven up-
on his works. Thus tnuch for Divine Teftimonies and.
Evidences , concerning the true Dignity and value of
Learning;
CAP.
:
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
ITTITITITIITTIITTITITTTODICIT.
CAP. VIL
The Dignity of Learning from humane Arguments and Teftimonies;
1. Naturall Inventours of New Arts for the Commodities of
Mans life,confecrated as Gods. 11. Politicall,C/vill Eflates and af-
faires advanced by Learning. § The beft and bappieft times under
Learned Princes andothers. § Exemplified in the immediat fuc-
ceeding Emperors, fromthe death of Domitian. III. Military,
The concurrence of Armes and Learning, § Exemplifiedin Alexe
ander the Great. § Iulius Caefar the Dictator. § Xenophon
the Philofopher.
Ly EA S for Humane Teftimonics and Arguments, icis fo
GENE large a field, as in a difcourie of this compendious
Gb
QN
gees nature and brevity, itis fit rather to ufe choice, than
to imbrace the variety of them.
I. _ Firfttherefore inthe degrees of Honor amongít the
Heathens, it was the highefb to attain toa. Veneration and
Adorationas a God; this indeed to the Chriftians is as the
forbidden fruit; but we {peak now feparately of Humane
Teftimony. Therefore, ( as we were faying) with the
Heathens, chat which the Grecians call /Apetbeofis; and the
Herodial.4 Latines "elatio inter Divos, was the fupreme Honour
ME which man could attribute unto Man: fpecially; when it
was given, not by a formall Decree or Act of Eflate, (as it
was ufed amongftthe Roman Emperors,) but freely by the
affentof Men andinward beliefe. Of which high Honour
there wasa certain degree and midle terme: For there were
reckoned above Humane Honours, Honours Heroicall; and Di-
yine; in the Diftribution whereof, Antiquity obferved this
order. Founders of States, Lawgivers;Extirpers of Tyrants,
Fathers of their Country, and other eminent Perfons in Ci-
vile Merit, were honour'd with the title of Worthies only, or
Dem1-Gods. {uch as were Thefeus, Minos, Romulus; and the
like: onthe other fide fuch as were Inventors and Authors of
new Arts; and {uch as endowed mans life with new Commodities
and acceffiens were ever confecrated among the Greater and En-
fire
a
/ |
Or LgaRXriNG, Lis. ]. A9 —
tire Gods; which hapned to Ceres; Bacchw , Mercury, Apollos
and others, which indeed was done juftly and upon found
"judgement: For the merits of the former, are’commonly con.
fined withinthecircleof an Agesor a Nation} and are not
unlike fealonable and:favoring fhowers 5 which though
they be profitable and defirable, yerferve but for thar féafon
only wherein they fall, and for a Latitude of ground which
they water: Lut the benefices of the latter, like the influences
of the Sunne, and the heavenly bodies; are for time; perma:
nent, for place, univerfall: thofe again are commonly mixt
with ftrife and perturbation; butthefe have the true chara-
ter of Divine prefence, and come in Aura Jeni without
noile of agitation. Sw he pres sas
I. . Neither certainly is the Merit of Learning in (Civile.
Afjairess and in repreffimg the inconveniences which grow from
aman to mans much inferiorto the other which relieve mans netef-
fities, which arife from Nature. ‘And this kind of merit was
lively fet forth inthat fained relation of Orpheus Theatres philott.it
where all beafts and birds affembled which forgetting their OrP-
proper natufall appetites of Prey , of Game, of Quarrel,
ftood all fociably and lovingly together, lifting unto the
Aires and accords of the harpe; the found whereof rio foo-
ner ceafed, or was drown’d by fome lowder noife, but eve-
ry beaft returned to his own nature. In which Fable is ele-
gantly deícribed, the nature and condition of men, who are
tofled and difordered with fundry favage and unreclaim'd
defires,of Profit,of Luft, of Revenge; which yet as long as
they give eare to precepts, to the períwafion of Religion,
Lawes, and Magiftratess eloquently and fweetly coucht in:
Bookes, to Sermons and Haranges; fo long is fociety and
peace maintaind, but if thefe inftruments be filent, or that
{editions and tumults make them not audible; all things
diffolve and fall back into Anarchy and Confufion.
§ But this appeareth more manifeftly, when Kings or
Perfons of Authority under them, or other Governors in States, .
are endowed with Learning:For althoughhe mightbethought.. |.
partial to his own profefsion that {aid Thaw fhould People or a i
States ^
$2 | Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
ence, that under wife and Learned Princes and Governors of
State, there hath bin ever the beft and bappief? times. For hows
foever Kings may have their errors and imperfections, that
is, be liableto Pafsions and depraved cuftomes, like other
imé,yet if they be illuminated by Learning, they have certain
anticipate notions of Religion, Policy, and Morality,which
prelerve and refrain them from all ruinous and peremptory
exrors and excefles, whifpering evermore in their eares,
when Councellors, and Servants ftand mute and filent. So
likewife Senators and Councellors which be Learned, doe pro-
ceed upon more (afe and [ubftantiall principles, than Councellors
which are only men of experience: Thofe feeing dangers a farre
off,and repulfing them betimes; whereas thefe are wife only
neere at hand, feeing nothing, but what is imminent and
ready ro fall upon them, andthantruft tothe agility of their
wit, in the point of danger’.to ward and avoid them.
§ . Which felicity of times under Learned Princes (to
keep ftill the law of brevity by ufing the moft feleéted and e-
minent examples) doth beft appear, in the Age which paf-
fed from the death of Domitianw the Emperor, untill the
raigne of (ommodus, comprebending a [ucceffiom of fixe Princes,
all Learnedyor fingular favourers and advancers of Learning,
and of all ages( if we regard temporall happine(fe ) the moSt florifh-
ing that ever Rome (aw, which wasthen the Modell and Epitome of
the world: A matter revealed and prefigur'd unto Domitian in
Suet, in a dream, the nightbefore he was (laine, for de feem d to fee
. Dom pareg cron behind upon his fboulders a neck and a head of gold;
hd which Divination came indeed accordingly to paffe, in
thofe golden times which fucceeded; of which we will
. make fome particular, but brief commemoration. Nerva
was a Learned Prince, an inward acquaintance, and evena
Difciple to Apollonius the Pythagorean; who alfo almoft ex-
NS ,,4 Pred in a verfe of Homers,
Dion. ], 68; Telis “Phebe tuiss lachrimat ulcifcere nof]ras.
Plia.Pan, Trajan was forhis Perfon not Learned, bur an € of
earn-
—
P.
a
——
Or Learnines Lib. 1. T
Learning, and a munificent benefactor to the Learned, a
Founderof Libraries,and in whofe Court (though a war-
like Prince) as is recorded; Profeffors and Preceptors were
o£moft credit and eftimation. Adrian was themoft curious Dion-in A-
man that lived, and the infatiable inquirer of all variety-and bad
fecrets. Antoninus had the pauent-and fubtile wit of à:
Schoole-man, in fo much as he was called Cymini-Seéfor, ‘a Dion. in
Carver or a divider of Cummin-feed: And of the Divi. fratres ,^nton. x
Lucius Commodw was delighted with a fofter kind of Learn-
o -
ing. and Marcus was furnam'd che Philofopher.. Thefe *Prin-
ces as they excel dthe rest in Learning, [o they excePd them like-
wi[zin'virtue and goodne[fe... Nerva was a moft mild Empe-
rour, and who (if he had done nothing elíe). gave Trajan tovlia. Pan:
tbe World. Trajan; of all chat raigned, for the Arts, both of Aur.vi&
Peace and Warre, was moft famous and renowned: che ^ ^
fame Prince enlarged the boundsof the Empire; the fame; Xyphil. ex
temperately confin'd the Limits and Powerthereof, he was Taille :
alfo a great Builder in fo much as (ConfZantinethe Greats in ez
mulation was wont to call him, Parietarias Wall-Flowersbe-
caufe his name was carved: upon fo many walls. Adrian
was Times rivall forthe victory of perpetuity;forby hiscate
and munificence in every kind, he repairedthe decaies ‘and
ruines of Time. Axrox t Nus, as by name, {o nature,a man Gn
à : : gm ' apitol.
exceeding Pious; for his nature and inbred goodneffe, was tn Ant.P:
beloved and moft acceptable to men of all forts and degrees;
whofe raigne, though it was long, yetwas itpeacefulland |...
happy. Luciw Commiodw (exceeded indeed by his brother) j vio
excel d many ofthe Emperours for goodneffe. Marci for-in M. Art;
med by natureto be the pattern and Platforme of virtue, a-
gainft whom that Jefter inthe banquet of the Gods had no-
thing to objectsor carpeat, fave his patience towards the humors liani Cz
of his wife. Sointhis continued fequence of fixe “Princes, ares:
man may {ee the happy fruits of Learning in Soveraignty, Pain-
ted forth in the greateft able of the world:
IH. Neither hath Learning an influence or operation
upon (_ivill merit and the Arts of Peace only ; but likewite it
hath no leffe Power and Efficacy in Martiall and Military
G2 virtue;
52
Plut. in
Alexand.
Plut, ut
fupra.
Vt füpra.
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
virtue, as may notably bereprefented in the examples of A-
lexander the Great; and luliw Cafar che Diftator, mention’d,
by the way before, but now infit place to be refumed, of
whole Military virtues and Acts in warre, there needs no note
or recital; having bin the wonders of the world in that
kind; but, of their affection and propenfion towards Learning;
and peculiar perfection therein, it will not be impertinent to
fay fome thing.
§ Alexander was bred and taught under Ariffotle, (cer-
tainly a great Philofopher) who dedicated diverfe of his
Books of Philofophy unto him: he was attended with (Ca-
listhenes, and diveríe other Learned perfons that followed
him in Campe, and were his perpetuall affociates; in all his
Travailes and Conquefts. What Price and Eftimation be had
Learning in, doth notably appear in many particulars; as in
the envy he expreffed towards Achille’s great fortune,in this,
That be bad fo good a Trumpet of bis Attions (9 provelfe as Homers
verfes.In the judgement he gave touching the precious Cabinet
of Darius which was found amongftthe reft ofthe {poiles;
whereof, when queftion was mov’d , what thing was wor-
thy to beputinto it; and one faid one thing; another, ano-)
ther, he gave fentence for Homers works. His reprehenforie
letterto Ariffotie, after he had fet forth his “Book of Natures
wherein he expoftulates with him, for publifhing the fe-
crets or myfteries of Philofophy, and gave him tounder-
ftand, That bimfelfe efFimed it more to excell othersin Learn-
ing and Kunowledge,than in Power and Empire. ‘There are
many other particulars to this purpofe. But how excellently
bis mind was endowed with Learning, doth appear, or rather
fhine in all his Speeches and anfwers full of knowledg & wil-
dome; whereof though the Remaines be fmall, yetyou fhal
find deeply impreffed in them, the foot-fteps of all fciences
in Moral knowledge; Let the fpeech of Alexander be obferved
touching Diogenes ,& {ee(if yee pleafe)if it tend not to the true
eftate of one of the greateft queftions in morall Philofophy?
Whether the enjoying of outward tbingssor the contemning of thems
be the greater bappinef[e.For when he {aw Diogenes wn
wit
Or LEARNING. Lis. I. 53
with fo litle, turning to thofe that flood about him, that
mock’t at the Cyniques condition, he faid, 7f Iwerenet A-vcüpra — ,
lexander; 7 could wifh to be Diogenes. But Seneca; inthis com-
parifon; preferres Diogenes, when he faith, Plus erat quod Dc Ben. 5
Diogenes nollet accipere , quam quod Alexander poffet dare,
There were more things which Diogenes would have refufed,than
thofe were which Alexander could have giver. |n Naturall know-
ledge, obferve that{peech that was ufuall with him, That Plut.in
he felt bis mortality chiefly in two things, [leepsand Luft: which Alexand:
fpeech, in truth; is extracted out of the depth of Natural
Philofophy, tating rather of the conception of an Ariftotle ot
a Democritus, than an Alexander; Íeeing as well the indi-
gence, as redundance of nature, deíign'd by thefe two Acts;
are,as it weresthe inward witneffes and the earneft of Death.
In Pee[y, letthat {peech be obferved, when upon the bleed-
ing of his woundes, he called unto him one of his Flatterers,
that was wont to afcribe unto him divine honor; look (faith Vefupra e&
he) this ts the blood of a mans not [uch liquor as Homer fpeaks of, Hec
which ranne from Venus band, when it was pierced by Diomedes:
with this {peech checking both the Pvets, and his flatterers,
and himíelfe. Jn Logique obferve that reprehenfion of Dia-
leique Fallacies;in repelling and retorting Arguments; in
that faying of his wherein he takes up Caffander, confutein
theinformers againft his father Antipater. For when Alex-
ander hapned tofay, Doe you think thefe men would come fo Plut. in
fürreto complain, except they bad juf? caufe? Caffander an. ^lendi
fwereds Yea,that was it that made themthus bold, becaufe they
hoped the length of the way would dead the difcovery of the afperfi-
on. See ({aith the King ) the fubtlety of Ariftotle wrefting the
matter botbwaies, Pro and Contra. Yet the fame Art which
he reprehended in another, he knew well how to ule him-
felfe; when occafion required, to ferve his own turne. For
foit fell out that Califthenes, (to whom he bare a fecret
grudge , becaufe he wasagainft the new ceremony of his a-
doration) being niov'd, at a banquet, by fome of thofe that
fate at cable with him, that for entertainment fake( being he
was an eloquent man) he would take upon him fome
G3 Theame
$4 Or THE ADVANCEMENT
Theme, at his own choice; to difcourle upon, which Cali-
Sthenes did, and chufeing the Praifes of the Macedonian
Nation, performed the fame with the great appaufe of all
that heard him: whereupon Alexander, nothing pleafed,
Plutarch. {aids That upon a good fubjeck it was ea(y for any man to be elo-
utfupra, — quent; but turnes {aid he, your ftile, and let us hear what you '
can fay againft us. Califthenes undertook the charge, and
performed it, with that fting & lifesthat Alexander was faine
to interrupt him, faying; 4m ill mind alfo as well 4s a good caufe
might infufe eloquence. For Rhetorique,whereto Tropesand
Ornaments appertaine; fee an elegant ufe of Metaphor,
wherewith he taxed Antipater, who was an Jmperious and
Tyrannous Governor. For when one of Antipaters triends
commended him to Alexander for his moderation , and
that he did not degenerate, as other Lief-tenants did, into
the Perfian Pride, in ufeing Purple,but kept the ancient Ma-
Plutarch. Cedon habit, Bat Antipater (faith Alexander) is all Purple
Di@.Not. within. So likewife that other Metaphoris excellent; when
Parmenio came unto him in the plain of Arbella, and fhewed
him the innumerable multitude of enimies which viewed
in the nights reprefented, by the infinite number of lights, a
new Firmament of {tarres; andthereupon advifed him to
Plut.ina- affailethem by night, Iwill not, faid Alexander, Steale 4 Vi-
lem. tory. For matter of Policy, weigh that grave and wile di-
ftinction, which all ages have imbraced, whereby he diffe-
renced histwo chief friends, Epheftion and Craterus, when
Vtfupra. hefaid, Thatthe one loved. Alexanders andthe otber loved the
King, Delcribeing a Difference of greas import, amongit
even the moft faithfull fervants of Kings, that [ome in fincere
afjection love their *Perfons , othersin duty love their Crowne.
Obferve how excellently he could taxe an error, ordinary
with Counfillors of Princes, who many times give counfill,
accordingte the modell of cheir own mind and fortune,
and not of their Mafters.. For when Darit had made great
Plat. i offersto Alexander: I, faid Parmenio, would accept thefe con-
Alex. ditions if } were as Alexander: {aid Alexander, furely [o would I,
were Ii Parmenio, Laftly, weigh thatquick and acute re-
ply
Os Leaxarnina 1 Lise. 53
ply» which he made to his friends asking him, what he would Velipii
' re[erve for himfelfe giving away [o many and great guifts? Hope ,
iaid he;as one who well knew that when all accounts are
caftup aright, Hope isthe true portion and inheritance of all
that refolve upon great enterprizes. This was Iuliu Cofar's
portion when he went into Gaui, all his eftate being exhat-
{ted by profufe Largeffes, "This was likewife the portion
of that noble Princeshowfoever tranfported with Ambiti-
on, Henry Duke of Guyfz, of whom it was ufually faid, That S. Fi s.
be was the greateft ufurer in all France, becaufe that all bts Me
wealth was in names; and that be bad turned bis whole eflaté into i
obligations. Butthe admiration of this Prince vhil'ft E re-
prefenthim to my felfe, not as Alexander tbe Great, but as
Ariftotles Scholler, hath perchance carried me too farre.
§ Asfor Julius Cefar the excellency of his Learning, needs Cic. de cla:
not to be argued, either from his education, or his compa- CM a
ny»or his anfwers; Forthis, ina high degree, doth declare it rat..3. —
felfe in his own writings, and works, whereof fome are ex- SuctanIul,
cant {ome unfortunately perifh't. For firft, there is left un-
to us that excellent Hiflory of het own warres, which be entitled
only à COMMENTARY: wherein all tucceeding times have Suet. in'
admired the folid waight of matter; andlively images of piov
Actions and Perfons, expreft in the greateft propriety of
words, and perfpicuity of Narration, that ever was. Which
endowments; that they were not infufed by nature; but ac-
quired by Precepts and inflruftions of Learning, is well wit.
neffed by that work of his entitled De Anatogra, which Parag.56;
was nothing elfe but a Grammaticall Philofophy, wherein he
did labour,to make this, vox ad P/acitumsto become vox ad
Licitum, andto reduce cuftome of {peech, to congruity of
Ípeech; that words; which are the images of things, might
accord with the things themfelves; and not ftandto the Ar-
bitrementof the vulgar. So likewife we have by his edict;
areformed computation of the years correlpondentto the courfe &,., ;,
of the Sunne, which evidently fhewes, that he accounted it parag.4o,
his equall glory, to finde out the lawes, of the ftarres in hea-
ven; asto give lawes tomenonearth. So in that Book of
his
56
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
hisentitled Axri-Ca r0; itdoth eafilyappears thathe did
Plat. in
Cxfar.
- apire;as well to victory of wit as victory of warre;underta-
king. therein a Confli& againft the greateft Champion
iwith the Penne,thatthenlived,Cicero tbe Oratour. Againe in
his Bookof ApopHTHEGMES; which he collected, we fee
he, eftimed it more honour, to make himfelfe but. a paire
of Tables, or Codicills; wherein to regifter the wife and
grave fayings of others, then if his own words were hal-
lowed as Oracles, as many vain Princes by cuftome of
"- Flatterys delight to doe. Buc if I fhould report diverfe of
his Speeches, as1 did in Alexander, they are truly fuch; as
Ecclef. 13. Salomon notes,‘Cerba Sapientum [unt tanquam aculei, 07
Suet.in lal.
$70.
tanquam clavi in altum defixi: wherefore I will here only pro-
pound chree, not fo admirablefor elegancy, as for vigor and
efficacy:As firfb it is reafon he be thought a maifter of werdss
that could with one word appeafe a mutiny in his army:
the occafion was this, The Romans, when their Generalls
did {peak in their Army, did ufe the word, Milites, when
the Magiftrates (pake to the people, they didufe the word;
Quirites: Ca[arslouldiers were ina tumtult, and feditioufly
prayed to be caffed , not that they fo ment, but by expoftu-
lationthereof, to draw Cefar to other conditions; He, no-
thing dauntedand refolute, after (ome filence began thus,
Ego, Quirites, which word did admit them already caflee-
red; wherewith the fouldiers werefo furprized, and fo a-
mazed;as they would nox fuffer him to goe on in his {peech;
and relinquifhing their demands of Di/mifion, made1t now
their earneft fuit; thatthe name of Milites, might be again
reftored them. The fecond fpeecb Nvasvhus; Cefar did ex-
treamly affe& the name of King ; therefore {ome were fet
on, as he pafled by, in popular acclamation to falute him
King: he finding the ctie weak and poore; put off the matter
Suet.) 99. With a jeft, as ifthey had mift his fur-name, Non Rex fum,
(faith he) /2d (ar; indeed {ucha fpeech as if it be exactly
fearcht, the life and fulneffe.of it can {carce be expreft. For
firft ic pretended a refulall of the name, but yet not fertous.
again,it did carry with it an infinite confidence, and magna-
nimity;
m
Or'LEgEXRNING. “Leak C | E
nimity; as ifthe Appellation Cefar.had bina more eminent
Title,than the name of King; which hath come to paffe,and
remaineth fotillthis day. But, that which moft made for
him, this fpeech by an excellent contrivance, advanced his
own purpole; for itdid clofely infinuate; that the Senate
and People of Rome; did ftrive with him about a vaine fha-
dow; a name only;,( for he hadthe power of a King already)
and for {uch aname, whereof mean families were invefted,
for the Sur-name Rex,wasthetitle of many families, as we
alfo have the like in ourDiale&t. ' The laft{peech, which
T will mention in this place, was this; When Ce/far, after
the warre was declared; did poffeffe himifelfe ofthe City of
Rome, and had broke open the inner Treafury, to take the
mony there ftored up, for the fervice of the warre, Metellus,
for thactime Tribune, withftoodhim; to whom Cefar, JfPlat.in
thou doft perfift, (faith he) thow art dead ; prefently taking ii
himfelfe up, he added, Young man, it is harder for me to fpeak
this than to doe it; Adolefcens durius ef? mibi hocdicere quam fa-
vere, Afpeech compounded of thé greateft terror, and che
'greateft clemency, that could proceed out of the mouth of
man. Butsto puríue Cefars Abilitiesin this kind no farther, —
itis evident, that lie knew well his own perfection in Learn-
ings 4s appears, when fome fpake; what aftrange refoluu-
on ibwas in Luci Scyllato refigne his Dictature; he {coffing . :
ac him; anfwered, That Sylla could not skill of Letters amd Suct. in nit.
“therefore knéw not bow to Ditkate/! 08 00000 miS hor
U$ Nowit were time to leave this point touching the
"firi concurrence of Milititry virthiéand Learning i (fot What
*examplein this kind; can come With any eréces ‘after Alex-
ander and Céfar?) werkit not that jam tranfit borted with the
height and rareneffe of one other particular inftance,as that
which did {o fuddenly paffe from fcorne to wonder; arid
“itis of Xenophon the Philofopher; who went from Socrates xen. Hig:
{choole into Afa with Cyrus the younger in his expedition de Exp.
àgainft King Artaxerxes: This Xenophon, atthat time was 7"
very young, and never had feen the warres before, neither
hadthan,any command in the Army, but only followed
the
58
|: Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
o ——————
Hitt. de
Cy Ex.].2.
the warre as a voluntary, for the love and converfation of
Proxenus his friend. He was by chance prefent when Fa-
linus came in meflage fromthe great King, to the Grecians,
after that Cyrus was flain in the field, and the Grecians,a
handfull of men, havinglofttheir Generall , left to them-
{elves in the midft of the Provinces of Perfia, cut off from
their Country by the interception of many miles, and of ve-
ry great and deep rivers. The Meflage did import that they
fhould deliver up their Armes,and fubmit themfelves to the
Kings mercy. to which meflage before publique anfwer
was made, diverfe of the Army; conferr d familiarly with
Falinw, amongft whom Xenephen hapned to fay thus, whys
(faid he) Falimu we have now but thefe two things left, our
Armes and our Virtue, if we yeeld up our Armes, bowfball we
make ufe of our virtue? whereto Falinus {miling faid, If I be
not deceived Young Gentleman you are an Athenian,and ftudy
Philofophy, and it is pretty that you (ay.but you are much abufed,
if youthink your Virtue can withftand the Kings Power; here
was the fcorne, the wonder followeth. This young Scholler
er Philofopher, after all the Captaines and Commanders
were murthered by treafon, conducted ten thoufand Foot,
through the heart of all the Kings high Countreys, from
Babilonto Grecia, in delpite of allthe Kings forces; to the
aftonifhment ofthe world, and the encouragement of the
Grecians in time fucceeding, to make invafion upon the
“Perfian Monarchy and to fubvert it. Which indeed foone
afters Fafonthe Theffalian conceiv'd and defign'd; Agefilaw
the fpartane attempted and commenced ; Alexander the
Macedonian at laft atchieved, all being ftirred upsby thas
brave leading AE of that young. Scboller. |
CAP.
T
Or Learnine. Lis. I. 59°
A€—————— HC
CAP. VilL j
The Merit of Learning from the influence it hath upon Morall Vir-
tues. § Learning a foveraigne remedy for all the difea[es of the
Mind. § The Dominionthereof greater than any Temporall Pow-
er being a Power over Reafon and Beliefe. § Learning gives For-
tunes, Honours, Delights excelling all others,as the foule the fenfe:
§ Durable Monuments of Fame, S A Profpect of tbeimmortali-
ty of a futnre world,
: ‘lca O proceed now, from Fmperiall and Military vir-
A b tues to Morall, and that which i: the Virtue of *Pri-
| Bem vate men, Firft that of the Poet isa moft certain
| truth; — Scilicet ingenuas didici[fe fideliter Artes Ovid. dé
Emollit mores nec finit effeferos. Pont.
For Learning doth reclaime mens minds from WildenefJe and
* Barbarifine; but inded; the accent had need be put upon
Fideliter; fora fuperficiall confufed knowledge doth rather
7 work a contrary effect. Lay, Learning takes away levity, te-
merity, and infolency, Nhileft it fuggefts all dangers and
doubts, together with: the thing it felfe ; ballanceth the
weight of reafons and arguments on both fides: turnes back
the firft offers and placits of the mind as fufpeét; and teach-
eth ittotake a tried and examin'd way: The (ame doth extir-
pate vain and exceffive admiration, whichis the root of all
weak advilement: For-we admire things, either becaufe
they are New,or becaufe they ate Great: Asfor novelty, no
man. that wades in Learning and the contemplation of
things throughiys but hath this printed in his heart, Nibi/ Ecdef i:
nryi fab fole: neither can any man much marvaile at the play
\of Puppets, that thrufts but his head behind the curtain, and
\advifeth well of the organs and wires thar caufeth the mo-
™ tion, As for Magnitude,as Alexander the Greatsafter he was
-uféd to great Battles, and conquefts in 4/4; when at any
time he receaved Letteis out of Greece , of fome fights arid
fervices there; which were undertaken commonly forfonte
Bridge, or a Fort, or at molt for the befiege of {ome City;
H 2 wae
60 Or Tye ADVANCEMENT
was wont to fay, It feemed to him that be was advertifed of the
Battles of Homers Froggs and Mife: So certainly, if a man
meditate upon the world and the Fabrick thereof; to him
the Globe of the Earth, with men marching upon its (the
Divineneffe of foules excepted ) will not feem much other,
Sen.Nat.Q :
lib. 1, pref, than a Hillock of Ants whereof [ome creep, and vun up and down '
with their Corne, others with their Egges, others empty; all about a
litle heap of Duft.
§ Againe,Learning takes away, or, at leaft, mitigates the
fear of death, and adveríz Fortune; whichis one of the greatest
impediments to Virtue or Manners. For if a mans mind be
feafoned and imbued with the contemplation of Mortality,
and the corruptible nature of things, he will, in his appre-
henfion, concurre with Epi&etw, who going forth one day
faw a woman weeping for her Pitcher of Earth; and going
forth the next day {aw another woman weeping for her
Enchirc. fonnes {aids Heri vidi fragilem frangi, bodie vidi mortalem moe
V RE ri; Ther efore Virgil did excellently and protoundly couple
the knowledge of the cauleand the conqueft of Feares toge-
ther, as concomitants ; °
SS Felix qui potuit rerum cogno]cere caufas .
: Quig, metus omnes (9. inexorabile fatum »
Subjecit pedibus, ftrepitumg, Acherontis avari.
It weretoo long to goe over the particular Remedies, which
Learning doth minifter to allthe difeafes of the Mind.fometimes
purging the ill Humors, fometimes opening the obftruéti-
ons, fometimes helping digeftions fometimes exciting ap-
appetite, often healing the wounds and exulcerations there-
of, and the like. Therefore I will conclude with that, which
Íeemes to be the fumme ofall, which is, that Learning fo dif-
pofeth and inclineth the minde, as that it is never wholly fetled
and fixt inthe defetts thereof, but ever awakes it felfe and
Plat. Alcib. breaths after a Growth and Perfeétion:For theunlearn'd man
Porph. a Je : 3
a fob, KhOWesnot what it is to de[cend into bimfelfes or tocall bim-
Sen. Ept. felfeto account ,or what a fweet life it x fenfibly to feele that bets
Piut.Mor. every day better If he chance to have any good parts, he will
{till be boafting thefe;and every where expofe them tothe
full
E
Or L&agNiNG. Lis. |. 61 :
full view;ànd it may be ufe them dexteroufly to his own ad-
vantage and reputation; but not much improve or encreafe
them.Againe,whar faults foever he hath; he wil ufe art and
induftry to hide and colour them, but notto amend them;
like anill Mower that mowes on ftill and never whets his
Íythe:Contrariwifeja learned man doth not only imploy his mind
and cxercife his good parts but continually reformes bimfelfe and
makes Progreffion in virtue. Nay co fay all in a word.Certaine
it is, that Veritas & Bonitas differ but as the feale and the Print;
for goodneffe is Truths impresfion ; and on the contrary the
ftormes and tempefts of Vice and Palfions breake from the
Clouds of error and fal/bood. |
IL From Merality let ws paffe onto matter of power and com-
mandment, and confider whether there be any foveraignty or
empirie comparableto that wherewith Learning invests and
crownes mans nature? We {eethe Dignity of commanding,
is according to the dignity of the commanded:Commande-
ment over Beafts and Cattle, {uch as Heardmenand Shep-
heards have,is athing contemptible ; Commandment over
children, fuch as School-mafters and Tutors havesis a matter
of {mall honour;commandment over (laves , is a dif; parage- -
ment,tatherthen an honour; neither is the commandment
of Tyrants much better,over a lervile People, difmantled of
their Spirits and generofity of mind ; therefore it was ever
helde that honours in free Monarchies and Common-
wealths had afweetneffe morethanin Tyrannies ; becaufe
a command over the willing is more honourable than over
the forced and compelled: Wherefore *Cirgil, when hee
would out ofthe higheft ftraine of his Att expreffe the beft
of Humane honours; that he would attribute to (Cefar , he
doth it in thefe words, —vittorg, volentes
—-~— Per Populos dat jura, viamá, affettat Olympo. Geofg.4;
But the Commandment of knowledge is farre. bigher than the
(Commandment oper thewill, though free, and not en[laved and
va[Jal'd: For it is a Dominion over ‘Keafon, Beliefes and the Vn-
der [Landing which is the higheft part of mans and gives Lawto
thewill it felfe: For without Queftion there is no power on
| H; earths
g^"
PPS
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
earth which advanceth and fets'up a Throne andas it were,
a Chaire of [Late in the foules of men and their Cogitations;
Affents,and Beliefesbut Knowledge and Learning: And there-
fore welee , the deteftable and extreme pleafure that Arch-
Heretiques, fale Propbetssand Impoftors are ravifh’t,and tran-
{ported withall,when once they find that they begin to have
a Dominion,and Superiority over the faith and confciences
of men;indeed fo great , as hee that hath once tafted it itis
{eldome feen that any perfecution or torture can make them
relinquifh this Soveraignty:Butas this is that which the Di-
vine Àuctor of the Revelation calls, The depth or profound-
ne[Je of Satan.to onthe contrary, the juft and lawfull Sove-
raignty overmens minds , eftablifh’t by the cleer evidence,
and {weet commendation of Truth, approacheth certainly
neereft to the fimilitude of the Divine Rule.
§ Asfor Fortunes and Honcurs the munificence of Learning
doth not (o enrich and adorne whole Kingdomes and Common-
wealths,as.it doth not likewt[e amplifie and advance the Fortunes
and Eftates of particular perfons: For itis an ancient obferva-
tion,that Homer hath given more men their living, than either
Sylla or (Cefar, or Augustus ever did, notwithftanding their
ereat Largeffes.fuch infinite donatives, and diftributions of
fo much land.Nodoubt, itis hardtofay, whether Armes
er Learning have advanced greater numbers ;. But if wee
fpeake of Soveraignty, we fee,that if Armes have carried away
the Kingdome , yet Learning hath borne away the Priefthood,
which ever hath bin in fome competition with Empire.
§ Againe; 7f youcontemplate the Pleafure and Delight of
Knowledge and Learning, affuredly it farre. {urpaffes all other
pleafure:Fot what?Shall, perchancesthe pleafures of the Af
fections fo farre excell the pleafures ofthe fences, as a happy
> obtaining ofa defire,dothafong or a dinner; and mult not
by the fame degrees of confequence, the pleafure ofthe Jn-
elle&ttranfcend chofe ofthe Affections? In all other plea-
fires there 15a finite fatiety , and after they growaa litle fale,
- «theirflower:and verdure vades and. departs; whereby we
'areinflru ded that they were not indeed pure and fincere
| pleafures
Or Learnine. Lis. T: 63
pleafures, but fhadowes and deceits of *Pleafures; aud
that it was the Novelty which pleas'd, andnotthe Quality:
therefore voluptuous men oftenturne Friers , and the decli-
ning age of ambitious Princes is commonly more {ad and
befieged with Melancholy; But of Knowledge there is no fa-
Hety; but vicilsitudes perpetually and interchangeably, re-
turning of fruition and appetite; fo that the good of this de-
light muft needs be fimple, without Accident or Fallacy.
Neither is that “Plea/wre of {mallefficacy and contentment
inthe mind of man, which the Poet Lucretius de{cribeth e-
legantly, Swave, mari magnoturbantibus equora ventis ig c. De Rer.
It is a view of delight (faith he) to fland or walke upon the fbore, Mac: bers
andto fee afbip toft with tempe upon the fea: à pleafurcsto Stand
in the window of a Caftle, and to fee two Battailes joyne upon a
Plaine. but it is aplea[ure incomparable, for the mind of man, by
Learning to be (etled and fortified inthe Tower of Truth, and
from thence to bebold the errors and wandrings of other men below.
§ Laftly leaving the vulgar arguments, that by Learning
tan excels man: in that wherein man excels beafts, that by the
help of Learning; man afcends in his underanding, even to
the heavens, whether in body he can not come, and the
like; letus conclude this difcourfe concerning the dignity of
knowledge and Learning, with that goed, whereunto mans
nature doth moftafpire, Immortality and contiiuance. For to
this tendeth generation, raifing of houfes and Families,
Buildings, Foundations; Monuments, Fame,and in effect
the fumme and height of humane defires. But we fee how
farrethe moniments of wit and Learning, aremore durable thas
the Monumeuts of materiate Memorials and Manu-fafiures.
Have not the yerfes of Homer continued xxv Centuries of
years and above, without the lofleof a fyllable, or letter?
during whichtime, infinite number of Places, Temples,
Caftles, Citties; have bin decayed or bin demolifh’c. The
Pictures and Statues of Cyrus, Alexander, Ce[ar., no nor of
the Kings and Princes of much later years, by no means pof-
fible are now recoverable ; for the Originals worne away
withage are perifh’t, and the Copies daily loofe ef the ite
an
ww
$4 | Or THe ADVANCEMENT
and Primitive relemblance, But the images of mens witss ve-
main unmaimed in books for ever, exempt from the rajuries of
time, becaufe capable of perpetuall renovation. Neither can
they properly be called Images, becaufe, in their way, they
generate ftill and cafttheir feeds in the mindes of men; raife-
ing and procreating infinite Actions and Opinions in fuc-
ceeding ages. So that if the invention of a fhip,was thought
fo noble and wonderfull, which tranfports Richesand Mer-
chandice from Place to Place; and confociats the moft re-
mote regions in participation of their fruits and commodi-
ties; how much more are letters to be magnified, which as fbips, °
paffing through the vaft (ea of time, counite the remoteft ages of
Wits and Inyentions in mutuall Trafique and (orrefpondency?
§ Furthermore,we fee {ome of the Philofophers which
were moft immerfed in the fenfes and leaft divine, and
which peremptorily denied the immortality of the foule,
yet convicted bythe power of truth came to this point,
That whatfoever Motions and AGs the fpirit of man could per-
forme without the Organ of the body yit was probable that thofere-
mained after death;{uch as were the motions of the under-
ftanding, but not of the affections ; fo immort all and incor-
ruptible a thing did knowledge [cem to them to be. But we,
illuminated with divine Revelation, difclaiming thefe rudi-
ments and delufions of the fenfes, know that not only the
mind; but the affections purified, not only the foule,butthe
body fhall be advanced in. itstime to immortality. But it
mutt be remembred,both now andat other times; as the na-
ture of the point may require, that in the proofes, ofthe dig-
nity of Knowledge and Learning, J did atthe beginning fe-
perate Divine Teftimonies, from Humane; which method
I have conftantly purfued and fo handled them both apart.
Although all this be crue; nevertheleffe Idoe not take upon
me, neithercan I hopeto obtaine by any Perorations, or
pleadings of this cafe touching Learning, to reverfe the
judgement either of 4 fops Cock, tbat preferred the Barly-corne
Ovid Met. Peforetbe Gemme; or of Midas, that being chofen Fudge between
XI, Apollo, Prefident of the Mufess and Pan Prefident of Sheep,
judgd
Or Learnine. Lig L- 65
judg'd for plenty; or of Parts, that judg'd for Pleafure andy, s,
love,againft wildomeand power; or of |Agrippina’s choice, Troad.
Occidat matrem modo imperet ! preferting empire with any Tac, an;
condition never fo deteftable; or of *UIyffes qui versam pr«- XIV.
tulit immortalitati; being indeed figures of thofe that preferre
cuftome before all excellency; and a number of the like po-
pular judgements. for thefe things muft continue as they
have bin, but fo will that alfo continue, whereupon Learn-
ing hatheverreliedas on a firme foundation which
can never be fhaken: FuStificata eft Mat. XI;
fapientia à Filis. fui.
j CAP,
— ——M———À— -
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$9$9$$$
THE SECOND BOOK OF |
FRANCIS LO. VERVLAM
VICOUNT S ALBAN.
OF THÉ
DIGNITY AND ADVANCEMENT
OF LEARNING,
Tothe KING.
Tue Proem.
The Advancement of Learning commended untothecare of Kings.
I. The Ads thereofingenerall, three, Reward, Direction, A/vi-
flance, X1. In fpeciall,about three objects, Places Bookes, Perfons,
$ In places four Circumftances; Buildings, Revenewes, Priviled-
ges, Lawes of Difcipline. § In Books two, Libraries, good Edi-
tions. § In Perfonstwo, Readers of Sciences Extant; Inquirers
into Parts non-extant. Til. Defetts inthefe A@s of Advance-.
ment,fix; Want of Foundations for Arts at large. § Meanneffe of
Salary unto Profefors. § Want of Allowance for Experiments.
9 Prepofterous inflitutions, and unadvifed practices in _Academs-
tall ffudies. § Want of Intelligence between the Vniver(ities of
Enrope. $ Wani of Inquiries intothe Deficients of Arts, § The
Authors Defigne: 8 Ingenuous Defence:
AM (Excellent Krne,) that thofe that are fruit-
9 full in their Generations, arid have, this
| waysa fore-fight of their own immortality
RP eni" A intheir Defcendants, fhould above all men
living, be carefull of the eftate of future times, unto which
they can not but know that they muftat laft tranfmit their
deereft Pledges. Q. ErizasErH was a fojourner in the
biz world,
68
Ecclef. f
[P
o
Or THE ADVANCEMENT |
world, in re{peét of her unmarried life,rather than an inha-
bitant: fhe hath indeed adorned her own time, and man
Wwaies enricht it; butin truth,to Your Majefly, whom God-
hath bleft with fo much Royall Iffue worthy to perpetuate
you for ever; whofe youthfull and fruitfull Bed, doth yet
promife more children; it is very proper,not only to irradi-
ate, asyou doe; your own times, but alfo to extend your
Caresto thofe Acts which fucceeding Ages may cherifh,
and Eternity it felfe behold: Amongft which, if my affeéti-
onto Learning doe not traníport.me , there is none more
worthy, or more noble; than the endowment of the world with
found and fruitfull Advancements of Learning : For why
fhould we erect unto our felves fome few Authors, to ftand
like Hercules Columnes, beyond which there fhould be no
difcovery of knowledge;feeing we have your MajefLy, asa
bright and benigne ftarre, to conduct and profper us in
this Navigation. | A
1. Toreturne therefore unto our purpofe, letus now
waigh and confider with our felves, what hitherto hath
bin performed, what pretermitted by Princes and others;
forthe Propagation of Learning: And this we will purfue
clofely and diftin&ly, in an Active and Mafculine Exprefsi-
on, no where digrefsing, nothing dilateing. Let this ground
therefore be laid, whichevery one may grant, that the grea-
teftand moft difficult works are overcome, either by the
Amplitude of Reward, or by the wifdome and [cundneffe of Di-
ve&ion, or by conjunction of Labours; whereof the fire, encou-
rageth our endeavours, the fecond, takes away Error and Con-
fufion; the third, fupplies the frailty of Man. But the Princi-
pall amongft thefethree: is the wi/dome and (oundneffe of Di-
rection, thatis, a Delineationand Demonftrationof a right
and eafy way to accomplifh any enterprize: Claudw enim,as
the faying is, im via antevertit Curforem extra viam, and So-
lomon aptly tothe purpofe, If the Iren be Hunt and he doe not
whet the edge, then muft he put too more [Irengtb, but wifdome ws
profitable to Direction: By which words he infinuateth; that
awife election of the Mean, doth more efficacioully conduce tothe
perfecling
Or LEanNiNG. Lis. IL. | éj
perfecting of any enterprize, than any enforcement or accumula-
tion of endeavours. This lam prefled to (peak, for that (not
derogating from the Honor ofthofe who have any way de-
ferved well of Learning) I fee and obferve, that many of
their works and Acts; are rather matter of Magnifieence and
Memory of thei own names; than of Progre(fion and Pr ofici-
ence of Learmng; and have rather encreafed the wumber of
Learned men, than much promoted the Augmentation of
Learning.
Il. TheWorks or Acts pertaining to the Propagation of
Learning, are converfant about three objects; about the P/z-
ces of Learning; about the Beokes; and about the Perfons of
Learned men. For as water whether falling from the Dew of
Heaven, or rifeing fromthe fprings of theearth, is eafil
{cattered and loft in the ground, except itbe collected into
fome receptacles, where itmay by union and Congregation
into one body comfortand fuftain it felfe; for chat purpofe
the induftry of man hath invented Conduits, Cifternés, and
Pooles, and beautibed them with diverle accomplith-
ments, as well of Magnificence and State,as of Ufe and Ne-
celsity: fo this moftexcellent liquor of Knowledge, whether
it diftill from a divine infpiration; or {pring from tlie fzzfzs,
would foone perifh and vanifhjf it were not conferved in
Bookes, Traditions ; Conferences and in Places purpofely detig-
ned to that end; as Univerfities, Colledges, Schooles; where it
may have fixt ftations and Power and Ability of uniteing and
improveing it felfe. |
§ And firft,the workes which concernethe Seates ofthe
Mufes, are foure, Foundations of Honfées, Endowments
with Revenewes; Grant of *Priviledges; InStitutions, and Sta-
tutes for Government; all which chiefly conduceto private-
neffe and quiemeffe of life, anda difcharge from cares and
troubles, much like the (tations Virgil defcribeth for the
Hiveing of Bees, —
«Principio Sedes Apibw ftatiog, petenda;
Quo ned, fit ventis aditussc7c.
§ Butthe workestouching Beokesare chiefly two: Firft
Pru Libraries
Geor.4}
70
Cic Orat.
poft redit.
Epift. ad
Plil.3.
Liv.Jib.2.
v.C.26
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
Libraries, wherein, asin famous fhrinessthe Reliques of the
Ancient Saints; full of virtue, are repofed. Secondly new E-
ditions of Auétors, with corretied impreffions . more faithfull
Tran [lations more profitable Gloffes,more diligent Annotations.
with the like traine, furnifht and adorned.
§ Furthermore, the works pertaining to the Perfons of
Learned men, befides the Advancing and Countenancing of
them ingenerall, are likewife two, the Remuneration and De-
fignation of Readers,in Arts and Sciences already extant and
known; and the Remuneration and Defignaticn of writers con-
cerning thofe parts of Knowledge, which hetherto have not bin
fufficiently till'd and labour d. Thefe breefely are the works
and Acts, wherein the Merit of many renowned Princes
and other illuftrious Perfons, hath bin famed, towards the
flate of Learning. As for particular Commemoration, of a-
ny that hath well deferved of Learning, when I think there-
of, that of Cicero comes into my mind, which was a motive
unto him after his returne from banifhment to give generall
thanks, Difficile non aliquem; ingratum, quenquam praeterire:
Let us rather,according tothe advice of Scripture; Look unto
the part of tbe race which à before ws, thenslook back unto that
which is already attained.
IH. Firftthereforeamongft fo many Colledges of Eu-
rope, excellently founded, I finde ftrange, thatthey are all de-
flinated to certain Profesfions and none Dedicated to Free and
"Univerfall (Tudies of Arts and Sciences: For he that judgeth;
that all Learning fhould be referred to ule and Action, judg
eth well; but yetit is eafy this way to fallintothe error taxt
in the AncientFable, in which; the other parts of the Body en-
Kop. Fab. tred an A€tion again? the ftomach, becaufe it neither perform?d
the office of Motion, as the Limbes dog; nor of fenfe, asthe bead
doth; but yet all this while itis the ftomach, that concocteth;
converteth and diftributeth nourifhment intothe reft ofthe.
body: Soifany man think Philofophy and univer{all contem-
plations a vaine and idle ftudy; he doth not confider that all
Profefsions and Arts from thence derive their fappe and
firength. And furely Lam perfwaded that this hath bin a
great
Or Learnina. Lis, L| 21
great caufe why the happy progression of Learning hitherto hath
binretarded; becaufe thefe Fundamentalls have bin ftudied
buconly in paffage,and deeper draughts have not bin taken
thereof: For if you will have a Tree bear more fruit than it hath
ufed to doe, itis not any thing you can doe to the boughes,
but itis the ftirring of the earth aboutthe root, and the ap-
plication of new mould, or you doe nothing. Neither is it
tobe país'd over in filences that this dedicating of Colledges and
Societies only tothe ufe of Profe|fory Learningsbatb, not only, bin
an enemy tothe growth of Sciences; but hath redounded likewife to
the prejudice of States and Governments: For hence it com-
monly falls out that Princesswhenthey would make choice
of Minifters fit for the Affaires of State, finde about them
fuch a marveilous folitude of able men; becaufe there is no
education Collegiate defign’d tothis end, where fuch as are
fram d and fitted by nature thereto, might give themfelves
chiefly to Hiffories, Moderne Languages, Books and dif-
courfes of Policy, that fo they might come more able and
better furnifht to fervice of State.
§ And becaufe Founders of (Colledges doe Plant, and
Founders of Lecturers doewater , it followeth now in order to
ípeak of the Defects which are in publique Lectures;
tbefmallne[Je of ftipends (efpecially with us) afsigned to ‘Kea-
ders of Arts or of Profz[sionsz Forit doth much importto the
Progre[sion and Proficiency of Sciences, that Readers in every
kindebe chofen out of theableft and moft fufficient men;
as thofe that are ordained; not for tranfitory ufe, but for to
maintaine and propagate the feeds of Sciences for future A-
ges; "Thiscannotbe; except the Rewards and Conditions
be appointed fuch, as may {ufficiently content the moft e-
minent man inthat Art, fo as he can be willing to {pend his
whole Age in that function and never defire to Practife.
Wherefore that Sciences may flourifh, Davids Military Law
fhouldbe obferved, That thofe that Staied with the Carriage à sam: 30) 24
Should have equall parts with thofe that were in the Attion, elfe
will the Carriages be ill attended. So Readers in Sciences are,
as it were, Protectors and Guardians of the Provifion of
Learning,
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
Learning, whencethe Action and fervices of Sciences may
befurnifh't. Wherefore itis reafonithat the Salaryes of Spe-
Virg.Geor.
3.
culative men, fbould be equalltotbe gaines of Active men; other.
wife if allowancesto Fathers of Sciences be not ina compe-
tentdegree ample and condigne, it will cometo pafle, ^ —
"Ct Patrem invalidt referent jejunia Nati.
§ Nowlwillnote another Defeé, wherein fome Al-
chymift fhould be called unto for help; for this Se& of Men
advife Students to fell their Bookes and to build Fornaces; to
quit Minerva andthe Mufes, as Barren Virgins, and to apply
themfelves to Vulcane. Yetcertainly it mutt be confeft that
unto the depth of (ontemplation, and the fruit of Operative
ftudies in many Sciences, efpecially Naturall Philofophy, and
Phyfique ; Bookes are not the only fubfidiary TnSiruments,
wherein the Munificence of men; hath not bin altogether
wanting;for we fee. Spheres, Globes, Aftrolabes, Maps, and
the like, have bin provided, and with induftry invented, as
Helps to 4ffronomy and Cofmegraphy; aswell as Bockes.. We
{ee likewife {ome places dedicated tothe ftudy of Phyfique,
to have Gardens for the infpeétion and obfervation of fimples ot
all forts; and to be auctorized the ufe of Dead “Bodies for A-
natomy-Lectures. Butthofe doe refpe&t buta few things, in
the generality fet it down for Truth; That there can hardly be
made any maine Proficience in tbe difclofing of the fecrets of Ka-
ture, unteffe there be liberall Allowance for Experiments; whether
of Vulcan or of Dzdalus; 7 mean of Fornace, or of Engines or a-
ay other kind: Andtherefore as Secretaries and Spialls of States
are allowed to bring in Bills for their diligence in the inqui-
ry and dilcovery of New Occurrences and Secrets in Foi-
raigne Eftates, fo you muft allow Tatelligencers and Spialls of
Nature their Bills of Expences; elíe you fhall never be adver-
tifed of many things moftworthy to be known. For if 4-
lexander made fucb a liberall Affignation of Treafure unto Ari-
flotle, for Hunters, Fowlers, Fifhers, and the like, that he
might compile a Hiftory of living Creatures, certainly
much more is theirmerit, who wander notin wild forrefts
of Nature, but make themfelvesa way through the Laby- __
xinths of Arts. NET 1o § Another
Or Learnine. Lis. IL. 73
§ Another Defect to be obferved by us (indeed of great
import) is, Anegle tin thofe which are Governours in * Cnryer-
fities of (onfultation; and in Princes and fuperior Perfonssof vi-
fitation; totbis end, that it may with all diligence be confidered-
and confulted of whether the Readings, Difputations and other
_ Scholafticall exercifes, ancientlyinftituted will be good to conti~
nue or rather to antiquate and [ubStivute others more effectual:
For amongft Your Majefties moft wife maxims,! find this,
That in all ufages and Prafidents tbe times be ci nfidered wherein lacosus
they firft began; which if they were weak or ignorant, it derogateth d
fromthe Auckority of the ufage and leaves it for [ufpe&t -Y herefore
inas much as the. ufages and orders of Univerfities, were
for moft part derived rom times more obfcure and unlear-
ned than our own, itis the more reafonthat they be re-ex-
amined. Inthiskind I will givean inftance or two for ex-
amples take, in things that eem moft obvious and familiar.
Ft isan ufuall practice (but in my opinion fomewhat prepofterous )
that Scholars in the Vniverfities, are two early entred in Logique
"and ‘Rhetorique, Arts indeed fitter for Graduats than Children and
Novices. For thefe two (if the matter be well weighed) are
in the number of the graveft Sciences, being the Arts of Arts,
the one for Tudgement the other for Ornament. So likewile they
contain Rules and Directions, either for the Difpofition or
Illuftration of any {ubject or materiall Circumftance there-
of; and therefore for mindes empty and unfraught with
-matters& which have not as yecgathered that which Cicero
calls Silva and Supellex , that is ftuffe and variety of things;
to begin with thofe Arts, (as if one would learn to weighs
of meaíure, or paint the wind) doth work but this effect,
that the virtue and ftrength of thefe Arts, which are great
and Univerfall, are almoft made contemptible,and have de-
generated either into Childi/bSophiftry or ridiculow Affe Fation,
oratleafthave bin embafed intheir reputation. And far-
ther, theuntimely and unripe accefsionto thefe Arts, hath
drawn on by neceffary confequence; a watery and fuperh.
-ciary delivery and handling thereof, as is fitted indeed to the
capacities of Children. Another inftance which I will fet
K down
74 | {Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
LH
downe as an Error now grown inveterate, long agoe inthe
Univerfities; and itis this; That in Scholafticall exercifessthere
ufethto be a divorfe, very. prejudiciows, between Invention and
Memory: for there the moSt of their fpeeches are either 5 altogether
premeditate» [o 45 they are uttered in. the very precife forme of
words they were conceived in » and nothing left te invention; or
meerely extemporall, fo a« very litle is leftto Memory; Whereas
in Life and AGionsthere is very litle ufe of either of thefe a-
part, but rather of theirintermixture; that is,of notes or me-
morialls, and of extemporall [peech: So as by this courfe ex-
ercifes are noraccommodate to practice, nor the Jmage an-
{wereth to the Life:Andit is evera true rule in exercifesstbat
all, asneere as may be, fhould reprefent thofe things which in
common courfe of life ufeto be prattifed. otherwife they will —
pervert the motions and faculties of the mind, and not pre-
parethem. The truth whereof is plainly difcovered, when
Schollars come to the Practice of their Profefsions, or other
A&uons of Civile lifeswhich when they fet into, this defects
whereof we fpeak, is foon found out by themfelves, but
fooner by others. Butthis part, souching the amendment of the
Fnftitutions of the Vniverfitiess 1 will concludeswith the claufe
Cic.Epit. Of Cafars letter to Oppius Hoc quéadmodum fieri pofsit,nonnul-
Ad Att.libs Ja mihi in mentem veniunt C multareperiri po[Junt , de iis rebus,
UR ^ —— rpogovyos,utcogitationena fu[cipiatis.
§ Another Defect which Inote , afcendes a litle high-
erthan the precedent: For as the progre{sion of Learning con-
fifteth much inthe wife Government and Inftitution of Univerfi-
ties in particular; fo it would bemore advanced, if the Vniverfi-
ties in gener all, difper[edthbrougb all Europe, were united in a nee-
rer conjunction and correfpondence by mutuall Fatelligence. For
there are, as we fee, many Orders and Societies,whichs
though they be divided under feverall Soveraignties & fpa-
cious Territories, yet they doe contraé and maintaine a So-
ciety anda kind of Fraternity one with another; in fo much
that they havetheir Provincialls and Generalls, to whom all
thereft yeeld obedience. And furely as nature creates Bro-
ther-hoods in Families; and. Arts Mechanical! contract Bro-
ther-hosds
Or Learnine. ^ Lis. Il. y 755 |
ther-hoods in Communalties.the Anointment of God fuper-in-
duceth a brother-hood in. Kings and Bifbops; Vowes and Ca-
nonicall rules unite a Brotherhood in Orders. in like manner -
therecannot but intervene 4 Noble and Generous Fraternity
between men by Learning and. Iluminations, reflecting upon
that relation which is attributed to God, who himfelte is’
called, The Father of Illuminations or Lights. lac. i]
$ Laftly, this [find fault with, which I fomewhae
toucht upon before, that there hath not bin, or very rarely bin,
any publique defignation of able men, who might write or make in--
guiry of [uch parts of Learning as have not bin bitherto (ufficiently
laboured and fubdued. Vato which pointit willbe vetya-'
vailable,if chere were erected a kind of vifttation of Learning.’
anda Cenfe or Eftimate taken, what, parts of Learning! are
rich and wellimproved; what poore and deftitute: For the
opinion of Plenty is among/t the (Caufzs of want; arid the multi-
tude of Bookes makes a fhew rather of fuperfluity than pe-
nury. Which furchargeinevertheleffe, ifa man would make
a right judgement, is noc remedied by fupprefsing or extin-
guifhing books heretofore written, but by publifhinggood'
new bookes, which may be of fuchatight kind, Th it,as the Exod.
Serpent of Mofes may devoure the Serpents of the Encbanters.
§ TheRemedies of thefe defiéts now enumerate , ex-
cept the laft, and of the laft alfo, in relpe& of the Activé part
thereof, which is the Defignation of writers, are opera Bafilica,
towards which the endeavours and induftry of a private
man, arecommonly but as an Image iri crofle way; which
may point at the way; but cannotgoe it: But the ffeculative
part which pertaineth to the examination of knowledges, namely;
what is Deficient in every particular Science, is opento the in-
duftry of a private man. Wherefore my Defignement isto at-
tempt a generall and faithfull perambulation and vifitation of
Learning, {pecially witha diligent and exatt enquiry, what parts
thereof lye frefb and waft, and are not yet improved and conver-
ted toufe by the industry of men, to the end that fucka plot
made, and recorded to memory, may minifter light both co
publique Defignations; and the voluntary labours of private
; K z endeas
25
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
endeavours. Wherein nevertheleffe my purpofe is, at this
time» to note only Omifsions and Deficiencies, and not to make
redargution of Errors and Overfights: For itis one thing co fet
forth what ground lieth unmanur’d; and another thing; to
corre& ill husbandry in that whichis manured.
- § Inthe undertaking:and handling of which worke I
am not ignorant whata bufinefle I move, and what a diffi-
cult province I fuftaine, and alfo, how unequall my abilities
are unto my will: yet Lhave a good hope, that if my extreme
loveto Learning carrry me too farre, Imay obtaine the ex-
cule of affection, forthat, itis not grantedto man, To love and
tobewife. [know wellthat [muft leave the fame liberty of
judgement to others, that Iufemy felfe; andintruth, I fhall
be indifferently glad, to accept from others,as to impart that
CicOffi.1 duty of humanity; Nam qui erranti comiter mon[Irant piam ge.
ex Ennio.
Proy.23.
4En.5.
Idoe fore-fee likewife that many of thofe things which I
fhallenter and regifter as Omfsions and Deficients, will in-
curre diverfe cenfures; as, that (ome parts of this enterprife
were done long-agoe and now are extant; others, that they
taft of curiofity, and promife no great fruit; others, that they
are too difficult and impofsibleto be compaffed by humane
induftries. For the two firft, let the particulars {peak for
themfelves: For the laft , touching zmpoffibility, I deter-
minethus; All thofe things are to be held pofsible and per-
formeable, which may be accomplifht by fome perfon
though not by every one; and which may be done bythe
united labours of many,though not by any one apart, and
which may be effected in a fuccelsion of ages, though not
inthe fame age; and in briefe ; which may be finifht by the
publique care and charge, though not by the ability and in-
duftry of particular perfons. If, notwithftanding, there be
any man who would rather take to himfelfe that of Solo-
mon, Dicit Piger Leo eft in via, than thatof Virgil
«Poffunt quia poffe videntur: tis enoughtome; if my la-
bours may be eftimed as votes, andthe better fort of wifhes:
for as itasketh ferne knowledgeto demand a queftion not
impertinent; fo itrequirethf{ome fenfe to makea wifh not
ablurd. CAP. 15
Or Learnine. Lis. Il. | Vand
eas. ee E E at
—————— EORR POR
DAP. Eb
Y. 4n univer{all Partition of Humase Learning, into, § Hiffory.
IL Poetry. MI. Philofophy. § This Partitionis taken from the
triplicity of Intelle&tive Faculties: Memory: Imagination: Rea[on.
§ The [ame Partition i appropriate to Divine Learning.
Besae? Hat is the trueft Partition of humane Learning;
E i which hath reference to the three Faculties of
Ray Mans foule, which is the feat of Learning. Hi-
frory is referred to Memory, *Poe[ytothe Imagination, Pbi-
lofophy to Reafon. By “Poe/ysin this place,we underftand no-
thing elfe, but feigned Hiffory or Fables. Astor Per/é, chat is
only a ftile ofexprefsion, and pertaines to the Art of Blocn~
tion , of which indue place.
$ Hifloy is properly of Individualls eircum[cribed
within time and place : for although Natwrall Hiflory feeme
to be converíant about wsver(all Natures ; yet this fo falls
out becaute ofthe promifcuous fimilitude in things Natu-
rall comprehended under one kind;fothat if you know one,
you know all ofthat fpecies. But if any where there be
found Individualls, which in their kind are either fingular,
as the Sun, and che Moose; or which doe notably digreffe,
fromtheir kinde, as Monffers, thefeare as aptly handled in
Natwrall History, as particular men are in Civile Hiflory. Ail
thefe are referred unto Memory.
Il. Poe(y,in that fenfe we have expounded it , a like-
wife of Individualls , fancied to the fimilitude of thofe
things which in true Hiftory are recorded, yet 1o as often it
exceeds meafure, and thofe things which in Nature would
never meet, nor cometo paffe, Poe(y compofeth and intro-
duceth at pleafure, even as Painting doth: which indeed is
the work of the Imagination.
II. Philofophy dilmiffeth Individualls and compre-
hendeth; not the firft Imprefsions, butthe abftra& Motions
K 3 thereof
ES
Or THE ADYANCEMENT |
| thereofand converfant in compounding and dividing them
according to the law of Nature and of the things them-
felves:And this is wholly the office and operation of Rea/en.
§ And that this Di/tribution is truely made, he fhall ea-
fily conceive that hath recourfetothe Originalls of Intelle-
tualls. Jndividualls only ftrike the fenfe, which is the porc
or entrance of the underftanding. The Images or Imprefsi-
ons of thofe Individualls accepted from the fenfe,are fist in
the Memory, and at firft enter into it entire, in the fame
manner théy were met. afterwardsthe wnderflanding tütmi-
nates upon them and refines them; which than it doth ei-
ther meerely review; or in a wanton delight counterfeit and
re[emble; or by compounding and dividing digeft andendue
them. So itis cleerely manifelt, chat from thefe three foun-
taines of Memory, of Imagination and of Reafon, thereare
thefe three Emanations, of Hi/fery, of Poefy, and of Philofo-
phy» and thatthere can be no other nor no more: for Hiffory
and Experienceswe take forone and the fame,as we doePhi-
lofophy and Sciences.
§ Neitherdoewethink any other Partition than this is
tequifiteto Divine Learning. ; Indeed the informations of
Oracle and of Senfe bediverfe; both in the matter and man-
ner of Conveying, but the {pirit of Man is the famesthe Cells
and Receptacles thereof the very fame. For it comes to paffe
here, as if diverfe Liquors,and that by diverfe Funnells,
fhould be réceiv'd into one and the fame veffell. Where-
fore Theology alfo confifts either of Sacred Hiffory;of Para-
bles, which are a kind of Divine *Poe[y; or of “Precepts and.
Dottrines, as an eternall Philofophy. As forchat part which
feemes fupernumerary,which is Prophecy, thatis abranch
of Hiflory: however Divine Hiffory hath that prerogative
over Humane,thatthe Narration may be beforethe Fa& as
well as after.
CAP.
: OF Pasa UR Lis. II. 5j
PITT E IIDIIDIIIIIIITITITITPTTTCDITTIT
CAP. I.
I. The Partition of Hiftory into Natural and Civile (Ecclefaiical
and Literary comprehended under Civill.) 1. The Partition of
Natarall Hiftory, into the Hiftory of Generations. 11]. Prater-Ge-
nerations. IV. Of Warts.
SRS Iflory is either Natural or (Civile: in Natural the
$9) f operations of Nature are recotded; in Civil the
—— éedso3 Actions of men.In both thefe without queflion;
the Divine workings axe tranflucenc, but more confpicu-
ous in 4éts Civil; info much as they conflitutea peculiar
kind of Hiftory, which we ufually ftile Sacred or Ecclefratti-
call: And intruth to us fuch feemes the Dignity of Learn-
ing and of Arts to be, that there oughtto be referv'd a Parti-
cular History for them apart from the reft; which yet we
underftand to be comprehended, as Ecclefiaftique Hiftory
alío is, under Hiffory Civile. | T
1. The Partition of Natwrall Hiffory we (hall raife out
of the ftate and condition of Nature hirfelfe, which is
found {ubjectto atriple ftate, and under a three-fold regi-
ment: For Nature ts either Free and difplaying ber [elfe in her
ordinary courfe; às in the. Heavens ; living Creatures, Plants;
and the Univerlall furniture of the world; or pur out of ber
&uall courfe and depos d from ber. flates Ly the pravities and in:
foleneies of contumacious Matter , and the violence of Tmpedi-
ments, asin Monfters: or laftly fhe is Compreft and fa/bioned,
and as it were new caft, as in. Artificial! Operations: Let
therefore the partition of Natural Hiflory, be made intothe
Hiftory of Generations; of Preter-Generations , and of Arts,
whereof the laft we ufe to call History Mechanical, or Expe-
rimentall. The firft of thefe handles the Liberty of Nature;
the fecond the Errors; the third the Bandes thereof. And we
are the rather inducedto alsigne the Hiffory of Arts; asa
branch of Naturall Hiftory, becaufean opinion hath long
time
80
C. Plin.
Nat. Hitt.
'
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
time gon currant, as if Art were fome different thing from
Nature, and Artificiall from Naturall. From this miftake
this inconvenience arifessthat many writers of Naturall Hi-
ftory chink they have quit themfelves fufficiently, if they
have compiled a Hiftory of Creatwres, or of Plants, or of Mi-
neralls;the experiments of Mechanicall Arts paftover in fi-
lence. Butthere is yeta more fubtile deceit which fecretly
fteales into the mindes of Men, namely; that Art fhould be
reputed a kind of Additament only to Nature; whofe virtue
is this, that it can indeed either perfect Nature inchoate, or re-
paireit when it is decaied, or fet it at liberty from impediments,
but not quite alter, tranfmutes or [bake it in the foundations:
whicherroneous conceit hath breught inatoo hafty de-
{paire upon mensenterprifes. But onthe contrary, this cer-
zaintruth fhouldbe throughly fetled in the minds of men,
That Artificialls differ not from Naturalls in Forme and Effence;
but inthe Efficient only; for man hath no power over Nature
fave only in her Motion, that is, to mingle or put together
Naturall bodies, and to feparate or put them afunder;
wherefore where there is Appofition and Seperation of Bodiess
Naturall conjoyning (asthey terme it) Active with Pa(five,
man may doe all things; this not done, he candoe nothing,
Nor is itmateriall fo things be managed ina right orders for
the production of füch an effect; whether this be done by the
Artof Man or without the Artef Man. Gold is fometimes
difgefted and purged from crudities and impurities, by fire;
{ometimes found pure in {mall fands, Nature performing
her ownworke. So the Raine-Bow is formed of a dewy
cloude in the Aire above, form'd alfo by aíperfion of
water by us below. "Therefore Nature commandeth all,
andthele three are her fubftitute Adminiftrators ; The courfe
of Nature; the Expatiation of Nature and Art; or the Cooperati-
onof Man with Nature in particulars. Wherefore itis very
proportionable that thefe three be comprized in Natural
Hiflory; which C.?Pliniw for mott part performed, who a-
lone comprehended Narerall Hiffory according to the dig-
nity thereof; but what he thus comprehended he hath not
handled
Or LEga4RNrING. Lis. Il. 81
handled as was meet, nay rather foulely abufed.
Ts The firft of thefeis extant in fome good perfe&i-
on: The two latter are bandled [o weakly and fo unprofitably, that
they may bereferr'dtotbe list of Dericients. Foryou fhall x
find nofufficient and competent collection of thole works
of Nature which have a Digreffion and Deflettion from the or -
dinary cowrfe of Generations, Produtiions dud Motions, whe-
ther they be the fingularities of certain Countries and Pla-
ces, or theftrange events oftimes; or the wit of chance, or
the effects of latent proprieties;or Monodicads of Nature in
theirkinde. Jtistrue,there are a number of Bookes more
than enough, full fraught with fabulous Experiments, for-
ged Secrets, and frivolous Impoftures, for pleafure and
itrangenefle; but a'fubftantiall and fevere Collection of Hete:
roclites, and of the wonders of Natures diligently examined
and faithfully defcribed, ches, l fay, 7 finde not efpecially with
due rejection, and, as it were; publique profcription of un-
truths and fables, which havegotup into credit. For as the
matter is now carried, if any untruths touching Nature be
once on foot and celebrated (whether it bethe Reverence of
Antiquity, that can thus farre countenance them, or that it
is atrouble to callthem unto a re-examination, or that they
are held to be rare ornaments of {peech; for fimilitiides and
comparifons )they are never after exterminate and called in.
The ute of this work honourd with a Prefidentin Ariffctle, De Mirab?
is nothing leffe than to give contentment to curious and
.vaine wits, as the manner of Mirabilaries and the. [preaders
of invented *Prodigies isto doe; but for two reafons ferious
and grave; the one to correct the partiality of Axioms;
which are commonly grounded upon comnion and popu-
lar examples; the other becaufe from the wonders of Natute, a
faire and open paffage is made to the wonders of Art. Forthe
bufines in this matter isno morethan by quick fentto trace
outthe footings of nature in hir willfull wanderings, that
fo afterward you may be able at yout pleafure, to lead or
force her tothe fame place and poftures againe.
§ Neither doe I give in precept that’ fuperftitious Nar-
rations
82
K.IAMES
his Demo-
nology.
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
rations of Sorceries, Witch-crafts, Inchantments, Dreams,
Divinations, and the like, where there is cleere evidence of
the fact and deed done, be altogether excluded from this Hi-
flory of Marvailes. For it is not yet known, in what cafes
and how farre, effects attributed to fuperftition, doe partici- |
pate of Naturall Caufes ; and therefore , howloever theufe
and practice of thefe Arts; in my opinion, is juftly to be con-
demned, yet from the fpeculation and. confideration of
them; (if they be clofely purfued) we may attaine a profita-
ble direction; not only for the right difcerning of offences in
this kind of guilty perfons; but for the farther difclofeing of
the fecrets of Nature. Neither furely ought a man to make
{cruple of entring and penetrating the vaults and receffes of
thefe Arts, that propofeth to himfelfe only the inquifition of.
Truth, as your Majefty hath confirmed in your own exam-
ple: For you have with the two clear and quick-fighted
eyes of Religion and Naturall *Pbilofophy, (o wifely and
throughly enlightned thefe /hadowes, that youhave proved
your felfe moft like the Swnne which paffeth through pollu-
ted places, yet is not diftained. ButthisI would admonifhs
that thefe Narrations which have mixture with Super (tition,
be forted by themfelves, and not be mingled with the Nar-
rations, which are purely and fincerely Naturall . As forthe
Narrations touching the “Prodigies and Miracles of Religi-
ons, they are either nottrue; orno way Naturall, and there-
fore pertaine not to Natural Hiffory.
IV. ForHiftory of Nature; wrought and fubdued by che
hand,which we are wontto call Mechanicall, finde indeed
Íomecollections made of Agriculture, and likewife of ma-
ny Manuall Arts; but commonly (which in this kind of
knowledge is agreat detriment) with a negle& and rejecti-
on of Experimeutsfamiliar and vulgar, which yet, tothe is-
terpretation of Nature, doeas much, if notmore, conduce,
than Experimentsof a higher quality. But it is eftimeda
kind of difhonour andafperfion unto Learning; if learned
men fhould, upen occafion perchance; defcend tothe In-
quiry or Obfervation of Matters Mechanical, except they be
reputed
Or — RNING.. Lis, <I,
reputed for Secrets of Art,or Rarities,or Subtleties.Which hu-
mot of vaine and fupercilious arrogance, Plato juftly deri-
deth;where he brings in Hippias a vaunting Sophift difpuc-
ing with Socrates a {evere and folid inquifitor of Truth;
where the fubject being of Beauty, Socrates after his wan-
dring and loofe manner of difputeing,brought in firft an ex-
ample of a faire Virgin, than of a faire Horfe, than of a faire
Pot well glazd; at this laft inflance Hippias fomewhat In Hipp.
moy'd aid; Were it not for curte[y fake I fhould difdaine to di-MI-
fpute with any that alleaged {uch bale and fordid in[lances, to
whom SocratessYou have rea[on and it becomes you well, being a
manfotrimme in your veftments, and fà neat in your [booes, and
Íogoeson in an Irony. And certainly this may be averr'd
for truth, that they be notthe higheft inftances, that give the
beft and{ureft information. This is not unaptly expreft in
the Talesfo common,of the Philofopher, That while be gaz?4
Laert. in
upward tothe ftarres fell intothe water : for if he had lookt Thatete.
down, he mighthave feen the ftarres in the water;but look-
ing up to heaven he could not fee the water in the ftarres.In
like manner it often comesto paffe that fmall and mean
things conduce more tothe difcovery of great matters, chan
greatthings to the difcovery of {mall matters; and there-
fore Ariflotle notes well, thatthe Nature of every tbing 15 beff Pol.lib.1-
feenin hu {malleft Portions. Forthat caufe he inquires the
Nature ofa Common-wealth, firft ina Family and the fim-
ple conjugations of Society; Manand Wife; Parents and
Children; Mafter and Servant, which are in every cottage.
So likewife the Nature of this great Citty of the world, and
the Policy thereof, muft be fought in every firft Concordan-
ces and leaft Portions of things. So we fee that fecret of Na-
ture (eftimed one of the great myfteries) of the turning of
Iron toucht with a Loadítone towards the Poles, was
found outin needles of [ron, not in barres of Iron.
§ Butifmyjudgementbe of any waight, Iam wholly
of this mind, that the ufe of Mechanicall Hiftory, to the raife-
ing of Naturall Philofopby, is of all other the moft radicall
and fundamental); fuch Naturali Philofophy, I underftand
L 2
AS |
84
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
as doth not vanifh into the fumes of fubtile and fublime fpe-
culations, butfuch as fhall be effectually operative to the
fupport and afsiftance of the incommodities of mans life:
For it will not only help for the prefent; by connecting and
transferring the obfervations of one Art, into the ufe of o-
thers, which muft needs cometo paffe. whenthe experien-
ces of diverfe Arts fhall fall intothe confideration and ob-
fervation of one man; but farther it will give a more clear il-
lumination, than hitherto hath fhined forth, for the fearch-
ing out ofthe caufes of things, and the deducing of Axioms.
For like a you can never well know and prove the difpofiti-
on of another man;unleffe you provoke him; ner Protews e-
ver changed fhapes ; untill he was ftraitned and held faft
with cordes; fo nature provoked and vexed by Arts doth
more cleerely appear, than when fhe is left free to hir felfe.
Butbefore we difmiffethis part of Naturall Hiftory, which
we call Mechanical and Experimental, this muft be added;
Thatthe body of fuch a Hiftory,muftbe built not only of Me-
chanicall Arts tbem[elves, but the operative part of Liberall fci-
ences, as alfo many practices not yet grown up into Art, that
nothing profitable may be omitted, which availes to the
information of the underftanding. And fo thisis the firft
Partition of Naturall Hi ffory.
CAP.
Or LEARNING. Lis: II,
‘
HESSESSSSS LESSEE SHS ESSSELS SSS SS ERR ERR P bbb RE
CAP. no
1. The Second Partion of Natural Hiftory, from the ufeand end
thereof into Narrative and Inductive. Andthat themoft noble
end of Naturall Hiftory ts, that it minifter and conduce to tbe bila-
ing up of Philofophy : which end Inductive History refpetfetb.
II. The partiti6 of the Hiffory ef Generations intothe Hiftory of the
Heavens. The Hiflory of the Meteors, The Hiftory of the Earth
and Sea. The Hiffory of Mafsive Bodies, or of the greater Corporati-
ons. The Hiffory of Kindes, or of the le[Jer Corporations.
which either for thepleafure of the Narrationsis delight-
full, or for the practice of experiments is ufefull,and for fuch
pleafure or profits fake is purfued, is of farre inferior quali-
tyscompared with that whichis the Materialls and Provifi-
on of a true and just induttion, and gives the firft fuck to Phi-
lofophy, wherefore let us again divide Natural Hiffory, into
Hiftory Narrative, and IxpucrIvE; tht: latter we report as
Dericient. Nor doethe great names of Ancient Philo-
fophers; or the mighty volumes of Moderne writers fo a-
ftonifh my fenfe, for [know very well that Natural] Hiffory,
is already extant; ample for the mafle, for variety delight-
full, and often curious for the diligence: but if youtake from
thence Fables and Antiquity and Allegations of Authors, and
vain Controverfies, Philofophy and Ornaments, which are ac-
commodate to Table-talke, or the night-difcourfes of Lear-
ned men; than willthe fequel, forthe InsrauRAaTIONS OF
PHILOsoPHy, come to no great matter: And to fpeak truth
this is farre fhort of the variety which we intend. For firft
thofe two parts of Naturall Hiffory, whereof we have fpo-
ken, The Hiftory of Prater-generations and of Arts, matters
L 3 of
zs
86
Or Tug ApvANCEMENT
of great confequence, are there Deficient: than in that
third generall Part mentioned before, namely of Generati-
085, of five parts thereof, the Naturall Hiftory extant gives
fatisfaction only to one.
II. Forthe Hiftory of Generations hath Five fubordinate
Parts; The firftis of CeleStiall Bodies which comprehends
thePHAENOMENA fincere, and not dogmatiz’d into any pe-
remptory aflertions: The fecond of Meteors withthe (o-
mets, and of the Regions, as they call them: of the Aire; nei-
ther is there extant any Hiftory concerning Comets, Fiery
Meteors, Windes, Raine ,Tempefts and the refGof any valew:
The third is of the Earth and ofthe Water (as they are inte-
grall parts ofthe world ) of Mountaines of Rivers:of Tydes, of
Sands, of Woods, as alío of the Figure of the continents; as
they are ftretcht forth. in all thefe particulars the Inquiries
and Obfervations are rather Naturall,than | Cofmograpbicall;
Fourthly, touching the generall Maffes of Matter, which we
ftile the Greater Collegiats, commonly called the Elements:
Neither are there found any narrationstouching Fire, Aires
Water, and of their Natures, Motions, Workings, Imprefsi-
ons, which make up any complete Body. The fift andthe
laft Part is of the Perfect and exa& Colleétions, which we en-
title the leffer Collegiats, commonly called Kindes or Speci-
fiques. Jnthis laft part only the induftry of writers hath ap-
peared, yet fo as was prodigally waftedin fuperfluous mat-
ter, {welling with the outward defcriptions of liveing
Creatures,or of Plants and fuch like, than enricht with fo-
lid and diligent obfervations, which in saturall Hiffory
fhould every where be annext and interferted. And to {peak
ina wordsall the naturall Hiffory we have, as well in regard
of the Inquifition, as of the Collection, is no way propor-
tionable in reference, to that end whereof wefpeak, name-
ly the Raifeing and advancing of Philofophy: Wherefore we
pronounce Induéive History Deficient. And thus farre of
natural! Hiftory.
CAP.
Or Learnina. Lis. Il.
CAI IV.
J. The Partition of. Civil Hiffors, into Eccle(iaflicall and Literary,
and, which retaines the generall name, Civile. II. Literary De-
ficient. § Precepts how to compile it. 4
PEEP Ivile Hiflory,in our Judgement js rightly divided
S eso into three kindes; firft into Sacred or. Ecclefiafli-
dec» call; then into that which retaines the generall
name Civile; laftly into that of Learning and Arts. We will
begin with that kinde we fet down laft, becaufe the other
are extantsbut this Itbougbt good to report aa DEFICIENT; it is
the Hisrogy oF Learnina, And {urely the Hiffory of
the world dcftitute of this, may be thought not unlike the fta-
tue of Polyphemus, wich his eye out, that part of the Image
being wanting, which doth moft {hew the nature and {pirit
ofthe Perfon.And though wefet downe this as Deficient,
yet we are not ignorant, that in divers particular fciences of
Turis-confults, Mathematicians,R hetoricians,Philofopherss
thereare made fome flight Memorialls and ftnail relations
of Sects, Schooles, Books, Authors and ftich like fuccefsi-
ons of {ciences. There are likewile extant, fome weak and
barren diícourfes touching the Inventor's of Arts aud Cages;
but aluftand Generall History or LEARNING, We a-
vouch that none hetherto hath bin publifht. Wherefore we
will propound the Argument; the way how to contrive it,
andtheufethereof. — —
I. The Argument às nothing elfe but a vecitall from all
Times what Knowledges and Arts, in what Ages and Climates of
the world bave florifht. Lettherebe made acommemoration
of their Antiquities, Progrefjes and Peragrations, through di-
verfe parts ofthe world: ( for Sciences fhift and remove; as
people doe,) Againe of their Declenfions, Oblivions; and In-
feawrations. Let there likewife be obfervations taken
through all Arts, of the ogcafion and original of their Taven-
tion
38
Or.THE ADVANCEMENT
tion; of their Manner of delivery, and the difcipline of their
managings; Courfe of ftudy and exercifes. Let there alfo be
added the Seéts then on foot, and the more famous controver-
fies which bufied and exercifed Learned men, the Scandalls
andreproches to which they lay open; the Lauds and Ho-
nours wherewith they were gract. Let there benoted the
Chiefeft Authorssthe beft Bookess Sch»oles , Succeffionsy Oniver-
(ties, Societies, Colledges, Orders, and whatfoever elfe be-
longs to the State of Learning. But above all, let this be ob-
ferved (which is theGraceand Spirit of Civile Hiftory, ) that
the Caufes and Confultations be Connexed, with thee-
vents: namelysthat the nature of Countries and People be recor
ded, the difpofitions apt and able; or inept and inable for diverfe
difciplines; the Occurrences of time Adyer{e, or Propitious to
Learning; the zeales and mixtures of Religions, the Difcounte-
nances, and favours of Lawes; and laftly, the eminent virtues and
fray of Perfons of note, forthe promoteing of Learning; and
tbe like. Butour advifeis that all thefe points be fo handled,
that time be not wafted in praife and cenfure of particulars;
after the manner of Critiques; but thatthings be plairily and
hiftorically related, and our own judgements very fparing-
ly interpofed.
§ As forthe manner of compileing [uch a Hiftory, we doe
e{pecially admonifh thus much; thatthe Matter and Provifion
thereof, be drawn, not only from Histories and Critiques, but alfo
that through every century of years or le[Jer Intervalls,by a conti-
nued fequence of timesdeduced from the highest antiquity; the
beft Bookes written within thofe diStingnifht fpaces of times be
confulted with; that from a taft and obfervation of the argu-
ment; ftile and method thereof, and not a through per-
ufall, forthat were an infinite work, the learned [irit of
that age, as by akind of charme, may be awakt and vais d up from
the dead.
$ Astouching the ufe of thix Work , itis defign'dto this
end, not, that the Honour and State of Learning ufher'd in
byfomany Images and Ghofts of the Learned, fhould be
éelebrated,or that for the earneft affection we bear to Learn-
Ingy
OrLearnina, Lis.IL
EM Uo JO RED, Sn
ing, we defire, even to a curiofity, to enquire,and know,and
to conferve whatfoever tothe ftate of Learning may any
way appertaine; but chiefly,fora more ferious and grave
purpofe. It is, infew words this, For that [uch a Narration:
as we have defcribeds in our opinion, may much conferre tothe
wifdome and judgement of Learned men, inthe ufe and admini-
ffrationof Learning: andthat the paffions and perturbations, the
vices and virtues, as well about Intelle&t wall matters ^ as Civile,
may be obferved; and tbe beft Prefidents for prattife may be dex
duced therefrom. For it is not Saint Auftines, nor Saint Am:
brofe workes, (as we fuppofe) that will make fo wife a Bi-
fhop or a Divine, as Ecclefiafticall story throughly read and
obferved : which without queftion may befall Learned
men from the Hiftory of Learning. For whatfoever is. nor
munited and fuftsined by Examples and Recordsiis expofed
to imprudency and ruine. ‘Thus muchof che Hiffory of
Learning.
C AP; V.
Of the Dignity. S C424 Difficulty of
Civite Hiffory.
xs oe [vile Hiftory properly fo called comes nowto be
Mose handled, The Dignity and Authority whereof; is very
@ 2x eminent among fecular writings: For upon the
credit of this Hiffery the examples of our Anceftots.the vicif-
fitudes of Affaires; the grounds of Civile Prudence, and the
Name and Fame of men depend. | dw
$ Butthe Difficulty ts as great as the Dignity. for to draw
back the mind in writing, to the contemplation of matters
jong agoe pafTed; and thus, asit were, to make it aged ; to
fearch out with diligence ; and to deliver with faith and
freedome; and with the lifeand height of exprefsion; to re-
prefentungo the eyes, the changes of times; the characters of
Perfons; the incertainties of Counfils; the Conveyances of
M Actions
a
80
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
Actions (as of waters, ) che fubtileties of Pretentions, the fe-
crets of State, is a taske of great paines and judgement; efpe-
cially (eeing Ancient reports, are fubject to incertainty;Mo-
derne liable to danger. Wherefore the errors are many
which attend (tvile Hiftory; whileft (ome write poore and
popular . Relations s the very reproach of Hiftory ; others
patch up, ina rafh hafband unequall contexture ; particular
Reports, and briefe Memorialls, others {lightly runne over
the heads of actions done; others onthe contrary purfue eve-
ry triviall Circumftance, nothing belonging to the fumme
and iflue of things; (ome out of atoo partiallindulgence to
their own wit,take confidence to faine many things; but
others adde and imprint upon affaires the Image; not fo
much of their own wit, as of their affections; mindfull ra-
therof theit own parts, than to become Religious depo-
nents for truth; others every where interlace fuch Politique
obfervations, as they moft fancy; and feeking occafion of
digreísion for oftentation; too flightly break off the contex-
cure ofthe difcourfe, others for want of moderation and
judgement, over doethings, by the prolixity of their fpee-
ches; Haranges or other performances, fo as itis fufficiently
manifeft, chat inthe writings of men, there is not any kind
more rarethan ajuft History, and in all points complete and per-
fett. But our purpofe at this prefentis, tofet down a parti-
tion of knowledge, for the obfervation of parts omitted, and
not à cenfure of parts erroneous, Now we will proceed to the
“Partitions of (Civile Hiftory,and thofe of diverfe forts, for the
particular kindes willbe leffe intangled, if diverfe partitions
be propounded; than ifone partition by diverfe members,
be curioufly drawn out.
CAP.
Or LegARnNING. Lis. Il.
The firft Partition of Civile Hiftory, ;zto $ cAtemorialls.
§ Antiquities. § And Perfect Biflory.
@ Ivile Hiflory ts of three kinds, not unfitly to be
QW? compared to the three forts of Pictures or Ima-
sy ges. for of Pictures and Images we fee, fome
Sere 9 are unperfect and unfinifht; others perfect; and
others decayed and defaced with Age. In like manner we
willdivide Civile Hiftory, which £x the Image of Actions and
Times, into three kindes, agreeable to thofe of Pictures;
namely, Memorials; Perfect Hiftory; and Antiquities. Me-
morials are Hislories unfinifbt, ox the firftand rough draughts
of Hiftory: Antiquities, are Hiftories defaced, or the Re-
maines of Hiftory, which have cafually efcaped the fhip-
wrack of Time.
§ Memorials or Preparations to Hiflory, are of two forts;
whereof one may be termed (Commentaries ; che other "Ae-
giflers. Commentaries Yet downe a naked Continuance and
Connexion of Actions and Events; without the Caufes and
Pre-texts of Bufineffe; the beginings and Motives thereof,
alfo the Counfels and Speeches, and other preparations of
A@tions: Forthis is the true nature of Commentaries, though
Cafar in modefty mixt with greatnefle, did for his pleafure
apply the name of Commentaries ; tothe beft Hiftory that is
extant. But Regi/ters axe of two forts, for either they com-
- prehendthetitles of Matter & Perfons in a continuation of
Times; fuch as are Calendars and Cronologies: or Solennities of
Aébs. of which kind arethe Ediéts of Princes; the Decrees
of Counfils; the Proceedings of ludgements; Publique Ora-
tions; Letters or Eftate and the like; withoutthe Contexture
or Continued thred ofthe Narration.
§ Antiquities, orthe Remaines of Hiffories, are as we
faid, tanquam Tabula Naufragii, when induftrious and un-
. M 2 derftanding
—-
—
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
derftanding perfons(the memory of Things being decaied
and almoft overwhelmed with oblivion) by a conftant and
fcrupulous diligence, out of Geneologies, Calendars, In-
{criptions, Monuments, Coines, Proper-names, and ftiles;
Etymologies of words, Proverbs, Traditions, Archives and
[nftruments, as well publique as private; Fragments of fto-
ries, {cattered paffages of Books that concerne not Hiftory;
out of all thefel fay, or fome of them; they recover and
fave fomewhat fromthe Deluge of Time. Certainly a
painefull work, but acceptable to all forts of Men, and at-
tended witha kind of Reverence, and indeed worthy (all
FabulousOriginals of Nations defacd, and extinguifht) to
be fubftituted in the roome of fuch counterfeit ftuffe: buc
yet of the leffe Authority, becaufe what is proftitute tothe
licenfe of private defignes.loofes the honour of publique re-
gard. In thefe kinds of Imperfét Hiftories , | defigne no
Deficience; feeing they aretanquam imperfe& e mifta , (o as
fuch Defects are but their nature. As for Epitomes the cor-
ruptions, certainly, and the Moathes of Histories, we would
have them banifht (wherein we concurre with many of
moft found judgement) as thofe that have fretted and cor-
roded the found bodies of many excellent Hiftories; and
wrought them into bafe and unprofitable dreggs.
Pb bebe PPP EE TPES POPE Ee i PPE erie FP
CAP. “Vil.
The Partition of Perfeé Hiftory, into Chrowicles of Times, Lives
of Perfons; Relations of Adis. § The Expli
cation , of the History of Lives.
$ Of Relations.
293 Uff or Perfect Hiftory, is of three kinds, accord- |
eor). . 4 3
Per M ingto the nature of the object which it pro-
do 38i pounds to reprefent ; for it either reprefents a
ROSEY portion of Time;or fome memorable Perfon;
orfome Famous Act: The firft we call Chronicles or Annals,
| B ME UN LC the
— M —
Or ÜUVIRWINE. Lvs..F. 93
a Fee ipee
thefecond Lives; the third Relations. Of thefe; Chronicles
[eem to excell, for Celebrity and Name; Lives, for profit
and examples; Relations, for fincerity and verity. For Chro.
nicles,reprefent tbe magnitude of publique Attions, and the ex.
terne faces of Men, asthey regardthe publique, and involue in
fence [maller Paffages, which pertaine either to Matter or Men.
And feeing it isthe workmanfhip of God alone, to bang the
greate[l waight upon the {malleft myers; it comes many times
to paflesthatfuch a Hiftory purfueing only the greater oc-
currences, rather fets forth the Pompe and Solennity; than
the true reforts, and the intrinfeque contextures of bufi-
neffe. And although it doth adde and intermixe the Coun-
fils themfelves; yet affecting greatnefle; it doth befprinkle
mens actions with more folemnenefIe and wifdome, than
indeed is in them; thai a Satyre may beatruer table of a Mans
life, than many [uch Hiflories. Contrariwifes Lives, if they
be well written with diligence and judgement (for we doe
not {peak of Elogies and {uch flight commemorations) al-
though they propound unto themíelves fome particular
períon; in whom Actions, as well commune as folemne;
{mall as great; private as publique, havea compofition and
commixture; yet, certainly, they exhibite more lively and
faithfull Narrations of Matters; and which you may more
fafely and fucceffefully transferre into example. Butfpeciall
Relations of Actions , fuch as are the warres of *Peloponefus; the
Expedition of Cyrus, the Confpiracy of (/ataline, and the likes
oughtto be attired with amore pure and {yncere Candor
of Truth than the Perfect Hiflories of Times, becaufe inthem
may be chofen an Argument more particular and compre-
henfible, and of that quality, as good notice and certitude,
and full information, may be had thereof: whereas, onthe
contrary, the Story of Time ({pecially more ancient than the
age of the writer) doth often faile inthe memory of things,
and containeth blank {paces, which the wit and conjecture
of the writer (confidently enough) ufeth to feize upon and
fillup. Yetthis which we fay, touching the fyncerity of
Relations, muft be underftood with refervation, for indeed
M 3 it
94
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
it muftbe confeffed (fince all mortall good laboureth ofim-
perfection,and conveniences with difconveniences are ufu-
ally connext ) that fuch kind of Relations, {pecially if they be
publifhed about the times of things done; feeing very often
they are written with pafsion or partiality, of all other nar-
rations, are defervedly moft fulpeéted. But again, together
with this inconvenience, this remedy groweth up , that
thefe fame Relations, being they are not fet out iby one fide
only, but through faction and partiary, affections are
commonly publifhed by fome or other on both fides; they
doe by this means open and hedge ina midle way between
extremes totruth: and after the heat of pafsions is over,
they become, toa good and wife writer of Hiftory, not the
worft matter and feedes of a perfect Hiftory. :
§ As touching thofe points which feem deficient in
thefe three kinds of Hiftory, without doubt there are many
particular Hiftories ( of fuch I fpeak as may be had) of (ome
dignity or mediocrity; which have bin hetherto paffed by,
tothe great detriment of the honor and fame of fuch King-
domes and States; to which they were due, which would
betoo tedious here to obferve. But leaving the ftories of
forreigne Nations,to the care of Forreigne Perfons; leftI
fhould become Curiofis in aliena Reipub. Y cannot faile to
reprefent unto Your Majefty the indignity and unworthi-
nelle of the Hiffory of England,as it now is, in the main con-
tinuation thereof, as alfo the partiality and obliquity of that
of Scotland, in the lateft and largeft author thereof: fuppofe-
ing that it would be honourto Your Majefty, and a work
acceptable with Pofterity, ifthis Iland of Great Britany, as
itis now joyned ina Monarchy forthe Ages to come, fo
werejoyned in one Hiftory for the times paft,after the man-
ner of the facred Hiftory, which draweth down the ftory of
the Ten Tribes,and ofthe two Tribes as Twinnes toge-
ther. And if it fhall feem that the waight of the work;
(which certainly is great and difficult) may make it leffe ex-
a&ly;according tothe worthineffe thereof, performed; be-
hold an excellent period of much fmaller compaffe of time,
as
OrLearnine, Lis.IL 95
asto the ftory of Exgland; that is to (ay, fromthe uniting of
the Rofes to the uniting of the Kingdomcs; a {pace of cime;
w hich in my judgment containes more variety of raree-
ventssthan in like number of fucceffions ever was knowne
inan Hereditary Kingdome. For it begins withthe mixt
Title to a Crownespartly by might partly by right > An en-
try by Armes; an eftablifhment by marriage; fo there fol-
lowed times anfwerable tothefe beginings , like waves af-
ter a great tempeft, retaining their fwellings and agitations,
but without extremity of florme; butwell paft through by
the wifdome of the Pilot, being one of the moft (uf ficient Kings
of all his Predeceffors. Then followed a King whofe Actions Hey. VIII
conducted rather by rafhneffe, than counfil , had much in-
termixture with the affaires of Europe; ballancing and in-
clining them according asthey fvvayed; In whofe time be-
gan that great Alteration in the Ecclefiaflicall State; {uchas ve-
ry fildome comes uponthe Stage. Then followed the Raign g;.vr,
of aMinor,then an Offer of anV{urpation,though it wasve- —
ry fhort,like a Feaver for aday:Then the Raigne ofa woman
matcht withaForraigner: Againe, ofawoman thatlivd ygara
folitary and unmarried. And the clofe ofall wasthishappy Ets.
and glorious event ; thatis, that this Jland divided from all
the world,fhould be united in it felfesby which that ancient
Oracle givento Zzed , which prefaged reft unto him, Az- Virg.£2.3
tiquam exquirite Matrem ; fhould be fulfill’d upon the moft
noble Nations of England & Scotland ; now united in that
name ot Britannia,their ancient Mother , asa Pledge and To-
ken of the Period and Conclufion, now found of all Wan-
drings and Peregrination. Sothat as maffive bodies once fhae
ken, feele certaine Trepidations before they fixe and fettle;
fo it feemes probable, thatby che Providence of God, it hath
cometo pafle, That this Monarchy before it [bould fettle and be Yacobus R.
eStablifh tin your Maiefty and your Royal Progeny (in which Cxolus R.
I hope it is firme fixtfor ever)it /hould undergee fo many chan-
ges,and viciffitudess as prelufions of future Stability .
§ Asfor Lives, whenI think thereon , Idoe find ftrange
that thefeour'Times have folitle knowne, and acknow-
ledged
Hen. VIL
PIin.Iun.
alicubiin
Epi(t.
Prov.10o.
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
ledged their owne virtues ; beingthere ds fofildome any Me-
morials or Recerds of tbe lives af tbofz who have bin eminent in
onr Times. For although Kings and fuch as have abfolute
foveraignty, may be few ; and Princes in free Common-
wealths( fo many States being colleéted into Monarchies,)
are not many;yet however,there hath not bin wanting ex-
cellent men (though living under Kings) that have deferv d
better , than an incertain and wandring Fame of their me-
mories;or fome barren & naked Elogie. For herein the in-
vention of one of the late Poets , whereby he hath well en-
richtthe ancient Fiction,is not inelegant: Hee faines that at
the end of the Thread of every mans life,there was a Medall or Ta-
blet , whereonthe name of the Dead was ftampt ; and that time
waited upon the fheeres of the fatall Sifter , and as foone as
the Thread was cut,caught the Medalls, and carrying them
away s alitleafter threw them out of his Bofome into the
River Lethe And that about the Bank there were many
Birds flying up and downe,that would get the Medals; and
after they had carried them in their beakes a litle while,
foon after,through negligence {uffered them to fall into the
River. Amongft thele Birds there were a few {wannes
foundswhich ifthey got a Medall with a name , they ufed
to carry it to a certaine Temple con[zcrate to Immortality. But
{uch fivannes are rare in our Age: Andalthough many men
more mortall in their vigilancies and ftudies , than intheir
bodies,defpile the Memory of their Name, asif it were fume
or ayre, Anime nil magne laudis egentes: namely whofe Phi-
lofophy and feverity {prings from that roote » Now prius lau-
des contempfimus quam laudandafacere de[civimu.Y etthat wil
not with us, prejudicate Salomon’s ludgment , The memory
ofthe Iu[l is with Benediction ; but the name of the wicked [ball
putrifie: The one perpetually florifhes, the other either in-
{tantly departs into Oblivion ; or diffolves into anill Odor.
And therefore in that ftile and forme of fpeaking, which is
very well broughtin ufe,attributed tothe Dead , of Happy
Memory; of Piow Memory; of Bleffed Memory ; we feemeto
acknowledge that which Cicero aileageth ; holen it
rom
of LEzwWRNING; L15s. Il.
from Demofthenes,“Bonam Famam propriam e[fe po[feffioneya
defiméborum: which poffeffton I cannot but note that in our
age itliesmuch waftand neglected.
4$. - As concerning Relations itcould beintruth , | with’s
thacthere werea greater diligence takentherein - Forthere
isto Action more eminent ; that hath not {ome able Pen to
attend iw hich may take and tranícribe it. And becaule it is
@Qnality notcommonto all men to write a Perfect Hiffory
tathe Lifeand Dignity thereof, (as may well appear by the
fpmaall numberseven of mean Writers in that kind ) vec if par-
ticular Actions were but by atolerable Pen reported, as they
pales itmught be hoped that in fome after Ages Writers
might atejthat might compile a Perfect Hiffory by the
helpe an abfiftance: df (uci. Notes : For fuch Collections
might be as aNur{eiy Gardex, whereby to Planta faire and
Rarely Garden when time fhould ferves
oui
Bioitibititi$iéiebbeejetodedebà e.
[af elokslYeisleReleLese:e.wl E395 £3€)5
Ao yes edi 0 (C AP. vii
Thé Partition of the Hifláry of Times, intoH istory Vniver[all.und Par
,Cfictllar. The Advantages and Difadvantaces of bob.
WED
Bees H B Hiftory of Limes is either Oniverfal: or Parti-
n is cular "T bis cómprehends the affaires offome Kingdome;
Pa ES «or State;sor Nation: That the affaires of the whole world.
Neither have therebin wanting chofe; who would feeme
to have compofed a Hiffory of the world, even from the Birth
thereof, prefenting a mifcellany of matter and compends of
Reports for Hiftory . Others have bin confident that they
might comprize , asin a Perfect Hiffory, the Acts of their
owne times, memorable throughout the world; which was
certainly a generous attempt,and of fingular ufe . For the a-
Ctions,and negotiations of men,are not lo divorced throu 5t
the divifion of Kingdemes, and Countries; but that they
have many coincident Connexions. wherefore it is of sre at
import to behold the fates;and affaires deftinate to one age
N or
Re
Nb
Or Tug ApVANCEMENT
or time drawnesas it were and delineate in one Table. For it
falls outthat many writings notto be difpifed (fuch asare
they whereof we fpake before, Relations )which perchance
otherwife would perifh; nor often come te the Preffe ; ‘or
at leaftthe chiefe heads thereofmight be incorporated into
the body of fuch a Generall Hiffory, and by this meanes be
fixed and preferved . Yet notwithftanding ifa man well
waigh the matter;he fhall perceive chat the Lawes ofa Juft
Hiffory are fo fevere and {trict , asthey can hardly be ob-
ferv'd infuch avaftnefle ofArgument; fo that the Majefty
of Hifloryis rather minifhtthan amplified by the greatnefle
of the Bulk. For it comes to pafle that he who every where
purfueth fuch variety of matter; the precife ftri@tneffe of In-
formation by degrees flackned; and his owne diligence di-
fperfed in fo many things,weakned in alb) takes up popular
Reportsand Rumors; and from Relations not fo authen-
tiqueor fome other fuch like flight ftuffe, compiles a Hiffo-
ry.Moreover heis forced (leftthe worke fhould grow too
voluminous) purpofely to paffe over many occurrences
worth the relating; and many timesto fall upon the way of
Epitomes and abridgments. There is yet another danger of
no fmall importance which fuch a worke is liable unto,
which is directly oppofed to the profitable ule of Univer.
fall Hiftory , for as Generall Hiftory preferves fome Relati-
ons with it may be , otherwife would be loft ; fo contrary-
wile many times it extinguifhes other fruitfull Narrations
which otherwife would have lived through Breviaries,
which are ever accepted inthe world,
Ci.
s
——— —n,
—— OR CIE LLL c ——————————
or;LEgaRWNINGG LB; IL.
—— ^
‘
i:SatafaiafafafaiafafefaSaiefafafafao
CAP: IX:
An other Partition of the Hiflory of Times into. Annals and lournalé.
egnee H E Partition of the Hiftory of Time 15 likewite well
à x Ke made into Annals; and Iowrnals ;. Which Divifion
JACI though i it derive the names. from the ‘Period of
Times,y et pertaines alío to the choice of Bufineffe. For Taci-
tii faith well when falling upon themention ofthe mag-
nificence of certaine fiructures, orefently he addes; Ex digni: Anndl13.
tate Populi Ro. repertum e[Je,res illusbress Annalibus; Talia Di-
uratt urbis ACtis mandare : Applying to Annals ; Matters of
State;to Diaries Acts and Accidents of a fan nature.And
in my y judgment a Difcipline of Heraldry would, be to pur-
pole in the difpofing of the merits of Books;as of the merits
of Perfons. For as nothing doth more derogate from Civile
Affaires, thanthe confufion of Orders and Degrees; foit
doth nor alitle embafe the authority of agi ¢Hifforys to
intermingle matters of triviall confequence,with matters
of State;{uch as are Triumphs, and Ceremonies; Shews,ind
Pageants,and thelike.And íurely it could be witht that this
Miftinction would conse into Cuftome. In otir Times lou:
nals are in ufe only in Navigationss and Expeditions of
arre. Amongftthe Ancients it was a pointof Honour to
Princes to have the Aéts of their Court referr d. co lournals.
Which we fee was preferv din the raign of Aliafuerus King
of Perfa, who. when he could not take reft call d for the
Chronicles; wherein hee reviewed the Treafon of the Ev-
nuches pafti in hisowne time. But in che Diaries of Alexan-
der the Great fuch {mall Particularities were. contained;
that ifhe chancd butto fleepe at the Fable, it was Regi-
fired. For neither have Anaals only compriz’d grave mat-
, ters,and Lurnals only light, but all were promilctioully, &
curforily taken in Diaries ; "Whether of greater, or of leffer
Importance, Nz CAP:
Lib. Efth.
Cap.6,
Plutarch
S ymp. f.
ioo
Virg.
Geor. 1.
Or THe ApvVANCEMENT
C A P.. X.
A Second Partition of Hiftory Civile, nto Simple, asd Mixt.
§ Cofmographiee mixt Hiffory,
cx] He laft Partition of Civile Hiftory may be this.
ed! History Simple, and Mixt. The Commune Mix-
FSG tures are two, the one from Civile Knowledge, che
- other {pecially from Natural. For there is a kind
of writing introduc d by fomesto fet down their Relations;
not continued according to the Series of the Hiffory; but
picktout, according to the choice of the Author, which he
after re-examines,and ruminates upon; and taking occafion
from thofe feleéted pieces , difcourfes of Civile Matters.
Which kind of Ruminated Hiffory, we doe exceeding well
allow of; fofucha Writer doe itindeed, and profeffe him-
felfefotodoe. But for aman refolvedly writeing a vf? Hi-
Story, every where to ingeft Politique inter-laceings ; and
foto break ofighs thread of the fZory, is unfeafonable and
tedious. For although every wife Hiftory be full, and as it
Were impregnate with Politicall Precepts and Counfils,
yet the Writer himfelfe fhould not be his own Mid-wifé at
the delivery.
$ Cofmography likewife is a mixt-Hiflory, for it hath
from Natural! Hiffory, the Regions themfelves, and their
fite and commodities; from Cinile Hiffory, Habitations, Re-
giments and Manners; from the Mathematiques, Climatesy
andthe Configurations of the Heavens, under which the
Coafts and Quarters ofthe World doe lye. In which kind
of History orKnowledge; wehave caufe to Congratulate
our Times; forthe world in this ourage, hath through-
lights made in it, after a wonderfull manner. The Ancients
certainly had knowledge of the Zones, and of the Anti-podes.
(NefG, ubi Primus Equis Oriens afflavit anhelis,
jilic fera Rubens accendit Lumina vefper)
and
OrLearnine. Lrs. IL’ iot
and rather by Demontftrations than by Travels, But for
fome fmall keele to emulate Heaven itfelfe , and to Circle
the whole Globe of the Earth, with a more obliaue and
winding Courfe,than the Heavens doe;this is the glory and
Coa of our Agé. So that thefe Times may juítly
ear in their word, not only P/u ultra, whereas the Ancients
uled non ultra; and alfo imitabile fulmen, forthe Ancients aon |
imitabile fulmen.
Demens qui Nimbos (9 non imitabile Fulmen. Vitg.£n.6
But likewife that which exceeds all admiration zmiabile
€zlum , our voyages; to whom it hath bin often granted to
wheele and role about the whole conipaffe of the Earth;af-
ter the manner of Heavenly Bodies. Aad this excellent felici.
ty in Nauticall Art, and environing the world, may plant alfo an
expectation of farther, PRoricieNCies AND AUGMENTA-
Tions Or Sciences; {pecially feeing it feems to be de-
creed by the divine Counfill, chat thefe two fhould be Cox.
vals, forfo the Prophet Daniel fpeaking of the latter times
foretells , Plurimi pertranfibunt 7. augebitur Scientia: as if Cap-12- 4.
the through Paffage; or Perluftration of the World; and the
various propagation of knowledge were appointed to
be in the fame Ages ; as wefce ic ts already performed in
great part; feeing ourtimes doe not much give place for
Learning to the former two Periods, or Returaes of Learn-
ing, the one of the Gracians; the otherof the Romans; and
infome kinds farre exceed them.
wy
102
*P/al. go
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
PRPUPPPRRERREPRRERRPPPPRRPE
CAPSoOKE
i, The Partition of Ecclefiafticall Hiflory , intothe Generall Hiftory of
the Church, M. History of Prophefy. Wi. History of Providence,
9 9) $ commonly with Civile Hiffory; for there are Becle-
In proper expreflion this kind of Hiftory is divided, into the
HifZory of the Church by a generall name ; Hiftory of Prophe[y;
and Hiflory of Providence. The firft recordeth the times and
different ftate of the Church Militant whether fhe flote as the
Arke in the Deluge; orfojourne as the Arke in the Wilder-
neffe; or beat reft asthe Arke inthe Temple ; that is,the State
of the Church in Perfecution , in Remove; and in Peace. In
this Part I find no Deficiencesbut rather more things abound
therein,than are wanting; only this [could with, thatthe
virtue and fyncerity of the Narrations were anfwerable to
the greatneffe of the Malle. dpt
ti The Second Part which is the HisZory of Prophefie,
confiftech of two Relatives; the Prophe[y it felfe; and the ac-
complifbment thereof . wherefore the deligne of this worke
ought to be , that every Prophe[y ‘of Scripture be forted with
the truth ofthe event; and that throughout all the ages of
the orld; both for Confirmation of Faith; as alfo toplant a
Difcipline;& skillinthe Interpretation of Prophefiesswhich
are not yet accomplifhtt. Bat in this work, chat latitude muft
be allowed which is proper, and familiar unto Divine Pro-
phefies, that their accomplifhments may be both perpetuall .
and punétual:For they refemble the nature of their Auctor to
whom one day is as atbou|and yeares » and athoufand yeares are
but as one day: And though the fulneffe, and height of their
complement be many times alfigned to fome certaine age,
or
2 I fory Ecclefiafticall fails under. the {ame divifion ©
se fidflicall Chronicles, there ate Lives of Fathers; there... °
are Relations of Synods and the likespertaming to the Church. °
OrLearnine. Lis. Ii.
or certaine point of time; yet they have nevertheleffe many
ftaires and fcales of Accomplifhment throughout diverfe
Ages of the world. This worke I fet down as Dericienr,
but it is of that nature as muft be handled with great wil
dome,fobriety;and reverence, or not at all. |
Ill Thethird Part which is the Hiffory of Providence
hath fallen indeed upon the Pens of many pious Writers,
but not without fiding of Partiaries ; and it is imployed is
the obfervation of that divine. (Correfpondence which cficn inter-
veneth betweene Gods revealed Will and. bis fecret Will: Bor
though the Counfils, and ludgments of God be fo obfcure,
that they are inferutableto the Naturall man; yea many times
withdraw themfelves even from their eyes , that look out of
the Tabernacle: Yet{ometitnes by turns itpleafeth the Dis
vine wifdome for the Confirmation ofthis, and Confuta-
m E
1 Cor. 3.
tion of thofe which are as without Godin theworld.to propofe AdEghef
themto be feen written in fuch Capitall Letters;tliat;as the 2
Prophetípeaketh ; Every one shat runnes by, may read them,
chat iss that men meerl y Senfuall, and (arnall;whomake haft to
poft over thofe divine Vdgments ; and never fixe their cogitations
uponthem; yet though they are upon the (peed, and intend nothing
leffe they are urg d to acknowledge them. Such as are late,and
unlooked for ludgments; unhoped for Deliverances fud.
denly fhining forth; the divine Counfils , pafímg throtigh
fuch Serpentine windings, and wonderful mazes of things,
at length manifeftly difintangling and cleering themfelves.
which ferve notonly for the Confolatid of the minds of
the Faithfull ; but for the Aftonifhment and Gonvi&tion of
the Con{ciences of the Wicked.
CAP.
Habac.2. 2-
—————M
104 Or THe ADVANCEMENT
dodododotibbbd bibet sopooo gst oo ooh oheE hE e bb ebbe
CAP. Xil.
The Appendices of Hiffory Converfant about the words of Men; VY
Story it felfe about the Deeds : The Partition thereof into ; Ovations.
& Letters. § And Apophthegmes, 1:
Seo Vt not the Deeds only , but the Words alfo of Men;
VB (bould be retained in Memory. \cistruethat fome-
(4| times Words areinferted into the Hiftory itfelfe;
Gt fo farre as they conduce to a more perípicuous,
and {olemne Delivery of Deeds. But the fayings andwords of —
men,are preferved properly in Books of, Orations ; Epiftles;
and Apophthegmes . And certainly the Orations;of wile men
. made touching buifinefle, and matters of grave and’ deepe
importance, much conduce; both. to the knowledge of
things themfelves; andto Elocution. © 7
$' Butyetgreater Inftructions for Civile Prudence,are
from the Letters of great Per[onages ; touching the Affaires
~ of State. And ofthe words of men, there is nothing more
found and excellent,than are Letters, for they are more natu-
ral than Orations more advi(edaban fodaine Conferences . The
fame Letters, whenthey are continued according to the fe-
quele of times ( asis obferved in thofe fent by Embaffadors,
Governours ofProvinces;an d other Minifters of Eftate) are
without Queftidltof all other the moft preciow- provifion for
Hiflory. (0) bis as
§ Neither are Apophthegmes only for delight,and orna
ment;but for reall Bufineffes;and Civile V fages, for they are,
ashefaid, Secures aut mucrones verborum, which by their
fharpe edge cut and penetrate the knots of Matters and Bu-
<Cic. Epi. finefle: And Occafions runne round in a Ring ; and what
Fam.L.IX. was once profitable,may againe be practis d; and againe be
: effectuall; whether a man fpeake rhem,as ancient ; or make
re them his own.Neithercan itbe doubted but that is ufeful in
Heros. — Civile negotiations, which * Ce/ar himfelfe hath honour'd
by
—
of LEARNING. Lis. IL
by his own example; itis pitty his book is loft, feeing what
we have in this kind feems to be collected with litle choice.
Thus much of Hiftory ; namely of that. part of Learning,
which anfwereth to one ofthe Cells, or Domicils of the
underítandirig; whichis, Memory.
Maie hardin ia Bei geo Sea ie Doane ia Blei
CAP. Xil.
The Second byincipall Part of Human Learning Poefy; 1... The
Partition of Poefy into Narrative. — IT. Drammaticall.
Jil. And Parabolicall. § Three Examples of i'arabolicall
) E IV. Naturall. V. Polidcall; vi. Mo-
ral
BVSP Ow let us proceed to Poe/'y. Porfy is a kind of
Rass Learning in words reftrained; in, matter loofe and li-
5-509395 cenc’d; fo that it is referred, as we faid ar firft, tothe
Fmagination, which ufeth to devite; and contrive;unequall
andunlavwfull Matches and divorcesof things. And Poefy,
as hath bin noted, is taken in a double fene; as tt refpects
Words; or as tt refpects Matter. Inthe first fenfe, it isa kind
of Character of fpeech; for Cerfe, is a. kind of Stile and
Forme of Elocution, and pertaines aot to Matter; for a true
Narration may be compofedin Ver/e; and a Faignedsin
Profe. Inthe latter enfe; we have already, determined it, a
Principal member of Learning; and have placed it next unto
Hiftory; {eeing it isnothingelfe chan. Fmication of Hiffory at
pleafure. Wherefore fearching and purfuing in our Partiti-
onthe true veines of Learning ; and in many points; not
giveing placeto cuftome, and the receaved Divifions ; we
have dilmifled Satyres; and Elegies, and Epigrammes, and
Odes, and the like, and referred them to Philofophy and: Arts
of Speech, Under thename of Poe/y, we treat only of Hiffo-
ry Faigned at Plea(ure: | .
I. Thetrueft Partition of Poe[y, and moft appropriate,
befideschofe Divifions common to it with Hiftory (for
O there
roy
106
Or Tus ADVANCEMENT
there are fuin’d Chronicles fain'd Lives, and fain'd Relations)
ls chis that it d either Narrative; or Reprefentative , or Allufive.
Narrative à ameere imitation of Hiftory, that ina mannerit-
deceives us; but that often it extolls matters above beliefe.
Drammaticall or Reprefentative, is as it weres a vifible HiStary.
for it fets outthe Image of things, as if they were Prefent;
and History, as ifthey were Paft. “Parabolicall or Allufive is
Hiftory with the Type, which brings downe the Images of the un-
der [landing to the Objects of Senfe.
§ As for Narrative Poefy, orif you pleafe Heroicall (fo
you underftand itofthe Matter, notof the Verfz) it feems
to be raifed altogether from a noble foundation ; which
makes much for the Dignity of mans Nature. For feeing
this fenfible world, is in dignity inferiorto the foule of
Man; Poe[j. feems to endow Humane Nature with that
which Hijtory denies; and to give fatisfaction to the Mind,
with, atleaft, the fhadow of things, where the fubftance
cannotbe had. For if the matter be throughly confidered;
a ftrong Argument may be drawn from “Poe/y, that a more
ftately greatneffe of things ; a more Perfect Order; and a
more beautifull variety delights the foule of Man, than any
way can be found in Nature/fince the Fall. Wherefore feeing
| the Aéts and events, which are che {ubjeét of true Hiffory,
are not of that amplitude, asto content the mind of Man;
Poe{} is ready at hand to faine A85 more Hercicall. Becaufe
true HiStory reports the fucceffes of bufineffe, not proportio-
nable tothe merit of Virtues and Vices; Poe/y corrects it,
and prefents events and Fortunes according to defert, and
according to the Law of Providence: becaufe true HiStory,
through the frequent fatiety and’ fimilicude of Things,
workes a diftaftand mifprifion inthe mind of Man; Poe/y
cheereth and refrefhesthe foule; chanting things rare; and
various, and full of vicifsitudes. So as “Poe/y ferveth and
conferreth to Delectation, Magnanimity,and Morality;and
thereforeit may feem defervedly to have fome Participation
of Divineneffe; becaufe it doth raife the mind, and exaltthe
fpiritwith high taptures, by proportioning the fhewes of
things
a
TOF Learnine. Lisi II
things tothe defires of the mind ; and not fubmitting the
mind tothings,as Rea/on and Hiflory doe. And by thele al-
lurements, and congruities, whereby it cherifheth the foule
of man; joyned alíowith confort of Mufique, whereby it
may more {weetly infinuate it felfe, it hath wonne fuch ac-
ceffe, that it hath binin eftimation even in rude times, and
Barbarous Nations, when other Learning ftood excluded.
If. Drammaticall,or Reprefentative Poe[y which brings the
World upon the flageyis of excellent ufe,if it were not abufed.
For the Inftructions,and Corruptions of the Stages may be-
great; butthe corruptions in this kind abound, the Difci-
pline is altogether neglected in our times. For although in
moderne Commonwealths, Stage-plaies be but eftimed a
{port or paftimes unlefle it draw from the Satyre, and be
mordant; yet the care of the Ancients was, that it (hould in-
ftru&t the minds of men unto virtue. Nay, wife men and
great Philofophers , have accounted it, as the Archet or
muficall Bow of the Mind. And certainly itis moft true,
andas it were, a fecret of nature, that the minds of men are
more patent 10 affections, and imprefSions, Congregate, than foli-
tary.
II. But Poe{y Allufive or Parabolicall excels the reff, and
feemeth tobe a facred and venerable thing, efpecially feeing Re-
ligion it felfe hath allowed it in awork of that nature, and by its
trafiques divine commodities with men. But even this al(o hath
bin contaminate by the levity and indulgence of mens wits
about Allegories, And itis of ambiguous ufe, and applied to
contrary ends.For it ferves for Obfcuration; and it {erveth al-
fo for Illuftration: inthis it feemsthere was foughta way
how to teach; in that an Art how to conceale. And this
way of teaching which conduceth to FlluStrations was much
inufe inthe Ancient times © for when the Inventions and
conclufions of human reafon, : ( which are now common
and vulgar ) were in thofe ages ftrange and unufuall; theun-
derftandings of men were not{o capable of that fubtilty,un-
leffe fuch difcourfes, by refemblances and examples, were
brought downe to fenfe. Wherefore in thofe firft ages all
O 2 were
107
108 -
Liv. Hift,
1lib.3.
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
were full of Fables, and of Parables, and of Znigmaes, and
of Similitudes of allforts. Hence the Symboles of Pythago-
ras; the Enigmaes of Sphynx; and the Fables of /Efzp ; and
thelike. Sothe Apopbthegmes of the Ancient {ages , were
likewife expreffed by fomilitudes. So Menenius Agrippa, a-
mongft the Romans; a Nation in that age not learned, re-
prefled a feditionby a Fable. And a: Hieroglyphiques were
before letters; fe Parables were before Argumeuts. So even at
this day, and ever, there is,and hath bin much life, and vigor
in Parables, becaule Arguments cannot be fofenfible, nor
examples fo fit. There ts another ufe of Parabolicall Poefy, op-
pofite tothe formers which tendeth tothe folding up of thofe things;
the dignity whereof, de[erves to be retired,and diftinguifht , as
with a drawn Curtain: That is whenthe fecrets and myfteries of
Religion, Policy, and Philofophy are vailedyand invested with
Fables,and Parables. But whether there be any myfticall
fenfe couched under the ancient Fables of the Poets, may ad-
mitfome doubt: and indeed for our part we inclineto this
opinion, as to think, that there was an infufed myftery in
many of the ancient Fables of the Poets. Neither doth it
move us that thefe matters are left commonly to Schoole-
beyes,and Grammarians, and fo are imbafed, that we
fhould therefore make a flight judgement upon them: but
contrariwife becaufe it is cleere that the writings which re-
cite thofe Fables of allthe writings of men, next to facred
writ, are the moft ancient, and thatthe Fables themfelves,
are farre more ancient thanthey (being they are alleadged
by thofe writers, not as excogitated by them; but as credited
& recepted before) they feem to be like a fine-delicate Aire
blowen up and downe bya more Ancient Nation,and by
derivation from them to have chanc’d into the Pipes of the
Grecians;& to have become theirDes-cant,And becaufethat
whatfoeverhath hetherto bin undertaken for interpretati-
on of thefe Parables, namely by unskilfull men not learned:
beyond common places, give us no fatisfaétion at all; we
thought good to referre Philofophy according to ancient
Parablesyin the number of DeFicrENTs.
| And
Or Learninc. Lis. El —— 109
.§ And wewillannexan example or two of this work:
not thatthe matter perhaps is of {uch moment: but to main.
taine the purpofe of our defigne. "That isthis; chat if any
portion of theíe works which we report as Deficient,
chance tobe more obfcure than ordinary; that we alwaife
propofe , either Precepts,or Examples, for the perfecting of
that work; left perchance fome fhould imagine, that our
conceit hath only comprehended fome light notions of
them; and that we like Augures; only meafure Countries in
our mind,but know not how to fet one foot forward thi-
ther. Asfor any other part defective in Poe/y,we find none;
nay rather, Poe/y being a plant coming, as it were, from the
luftofa rank foile, without any certain feed; ic hath fprung
up,and fpread abroad above all other kind of Learning.But
now we will propound examples,in number only three,one
from things Naturall;one from Po/iticall;& one from Moral.
_ The firftexample of Philofophy , according to. Ancient Parables
inthings Naturall. ofthe Univerfe, according
to the Fable of Pan.
IV. TheOriginall of Paasthe Ancients leavedoubrfull, —
forfome (ay that he was the Sonne of Mercury, others attri- ae ik
bute unto him a farre differentbegining : For they affirme “
that all Penelopes fuitors had to doe with her, and from this
promiícuous A& Pan defcended, a common offipring to
themall. There isa third conceit of his birth,not to be paf~
fed over: for fome report that he was the fonne of Iupiter
and Hybris, which fignifies contumelie. But however be-
gotten, the Parce,they fay, were his fifters, who dwelt ina
cave under ground; but Pas remained in the open Aire. The
figure and forme, Antiquity reprefented him by, was this.
He had on his head a paire of Hornes; rifeing in a fharp,a-
cuminate to Heaven; his body fhagged, and hairie; his beard
very long; his fhape biformed;above like a man, below like
a beaft; fnifht with the feet of à Goat. He bare thefe en-
fignes of Jurifdiction;in his left hand a pipe of feaven Reeds,
inhis right a fheepe hoock or a ftaffe, at the upper end croo-
O 3 ked
110° Or Tue AvVANCEMENT
ked orinflexed: he was clad witha Mantle made of a Leo-
pards skinne. Thedignities and offices attributed unto him
were thefe; that he was the God of Hunters, of Shepherds.
and of all Rurall Inhabitants: Lo. Prefident of Mountaines.
and text to Mercury, the Embaffador of the Gods. Moreo-
yer he was accounted the leader, and commander of the
Nymphs; which were alwaies wont to dance the Rounds,
and frisk about him: his train were the Satyres, and the
old Silent: He had power alfo to ftrike men with terrors,
and thofe elpecially vaine, and{uperftitious, which are ter-
Cic. Epit. med Panique fears. His Aéts recorded are not many; the
a3 87.54 C hiefeft was, that he challenged Cupid at wreflling , in
which conflict he had the foile; caught Typhon the Gyant in
Claud. de anet,and held him faft. Moreover when (Ceres being fad
R.Profer. and vext for the Rape of Proferpina, had hid her felfe, and
that all the Gods took paines by difperfing themfelves feve-
rall wayes to find her out; it was only Pans good fortune, as
he was hunting, tolight on her; and to give the firft intelli-
gence where fhe was. He prefumed alfo to put it to the
triall who was the better Mufitian he or Apollo, and by the
judgement of Midas was preferred; for which judgement,
Midas had a paire of Affes eares fecretly imped to his head.
Of the Love-tricks of Pan, there is nothing reported, or at
leaft not much; athing to be wondred at, efpecially being
among atroope of Gods fo profufely amorous. This alfois
{aid of him,that he loved the Nymph Becho whom he took
to wifé;and one pretty wench more called Syrinx, towards
whom Cupid(in an angry revengefull humour becaufe fo
audacioufly hehad challenged him at wreftling ) inflamed
his defire... So be isreported onceto have follicited the Moon
apart into the high Woods. Moreover hee had no iffue
(whichis a marvell alfo feeing the Gods {pecially thofe of
the male-kind were very Generative) only he was the repu-
ted Father of a litle Girle called lambe,that with many pretty
tales was wont to make flrangers merry; and (ome thought
that fhe was begotten of his wife Eccho .. The Parable fee-
meth tobe this. j oot
Ovid, Met.
XI,
§ Pan
p-
;
—$ Pan as the very name imports.reprefents, or lay4
OrLearnine. Luise Ti itt
eth open the world ,' or the world: of things... Concers
ning his Originallthere. are only two opinions that goc foo
Currant:For either he came of Mercury; that is the Word of
God which the holy Scriptures, withouvall Controverfy;af;
firme ; andthe Philofophers fuch as were the more Divine
faw y otelfefrom the confufcd feeds of things. For fome ofthe
Philofophers held, thatthe Seeds and: Principles-of Nature;
wereeven inthe fübftance infinite, hencethe opinion,oÉS;- Laere. in
milary Parts primordial, wasbrought inj which Awaxagoras ^72928-
either invented;or celebrated. Some more acutély ; and fo-
berlychink it fufficientto falve the variew of Nature;if feeds;
the lame in fubftance, be only diverfi&ied in forme and A: Laer in
gure; certaineand definite 5 and placed the re(t in che inclo. vitis eorá;
ture; aid bofome ofthe feeds . From chis fpring, the opini-
on of Atomesis derived, which Democritus maintain'd; and
Leucippus found out.But othersthough they affumtonly one Laert.in
Principle of Nature(Thales water; 4naximenes Aix; Heraclitus ir»
Fire yet they have defined that Principle, whichis onein
Adtobe various and difpenfible in power; as that wherein
the feeds of all natarall effences lie hidden: They who ‘have
introduced.che firft Matter every way difarayed; and un for!
med,and indifferentto any fortme( as Plato and Ariflor]e did) PHYS 1
came toa farre nearer ; and naturall refemblance ofthe: Fr.
gure of the Parablé : Forthey conceiv!d the Matteras.a com-
monCouitezan;andthe Forms as Suitors.So as allthe Opini-
ons touchingthe beginnings of things come to this points
and may be reduc dto this d-ftribution:that the world took
beginning either from Mercury; or from Pene! peeandall hir
Suitors. The third conceit of Paas Originall isfuch, as it
feemes thatthe Grecians eitlier by intercourfe wich the /E-
gyptians , or one way or other ; had heard fomething of the
Hebrew myfteries. For it points to the flate ofthe World
not confidered in the abfoluté production; butasit ftood af.
ter the fall of Adam, expos'd and made fubjectco Death and
Corruption :. For inthat ftateit was , and remaines to this
day;the off-{pring of God, and of Sin, or (Contumely: Forthe c.
like
fn Timaeo
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
finne of Adam wasa kind of Contumely, when hee would be
like God. And therefore all thefe three Narrations con-
cerning the manner of of Pans Birth»may feem true ; if they
be rightly diftinguifht according to things and times. For
this Paz, as we now behold and comprehend it, took be-
gining from the word of God, by themeans of confuled
matter, which yet was the work of God; and the entrance
of Prevarication, and through it of corruption.
§ The Deftinies may wellbe thought the fifters of Paz,
or Nature: forthe beginings,and continuances,and diffolu-
tions; the Deprefsions allo, and eminencies, and labours,
and felicities of things, and whatfoever conditions of a par-
ticular Nature, are called Fatesor Deffinies : which yet un-
leffeitbe in fome noble individuate fubjeét, asa Man, a
Citty, or a Nation, commonly are not acknowledged. But
Pan; thatis,the Nature of things, is the caufe of thelefeverall
ftates and qualities in every particular; fo as in refpect of Ins
dividualls, the Chaine of nature, and che thred of the Deffi-
niessisthefame. Moreover the. Ancients fained, that Pas
ever lived in the open Aire; butthe Parcz,or DeStinies,ina
mighty fubterraneous Cave; from whence with an infinite
{wiftneffe they flew to men ; becaufe the nature and com-
mon face of the Univerfe is apert, and vifible; but the indi-
viduall Fatesof Particulars are fecret , fwift , and fodain,
But if Fatebetaken ina moregenerall acception, as to fig-
nify the more notable only, and noc every common event;
yet in that fenfe alfo, the fignification is. correfpondent to
the univerfall ftate of things; feeing from the order of Na-
tures there is nothing fo fmall which comes to patte with-
out a Caufe; and nothing lo abfolutely great, as to be
independent, fo that the very Fabrique of Nature com-
prehendeth in the lappe and bofome thereof, every e-
vent,{mallor great; and by aconftant rule difclofeth them
in due feafon. Wherefore no matvell if the Parce be
brought in as the legitimate Sifters of Pan: For Fortune is
the daughter of the foolifh vulgar; and found favour only
with the more unfound Philofophers.Certainly the words
1 of
of LEARNING. Le: Il.
of Epicurus favour leffe of Dotage than of prophaneneffe
where he faith; PreStare credere fabulam Deorum,quam Fa-
tum afverere , As if any thing inthe frame of nature could be
like an Iland,which is feparate from the connexion of the
cótinent. But Epicurws(as it is evident from his own words)
accommodating,and fubjecting his Natwall Philofophy to
his Morall; would heare of no opinion which might preffe
and (ting the confcience;or any way difca Ime;and trouble
thats,Euthymia, or Tranquility of mindswhich hee had receiv d
from Democritus. Wherefore being more indulgent tothe
delufions of his owne fancies, than patient oftruth;he hath
fairely caft offthe yoak, and abandon'd as well the Neceffi-
ty of Fate,asthe Feare of the Gods. And thus much concer:
ning the Fraternity of Pan with the Deflinies.
§ Hornesare attributed untothe World , broad at the
root;fharpe at the top; the nature of all things being like a
Pyramis leflening upwards . For Individuals in which the
Bafe of nature is {pread out; being infinitesare collected into
Speciesswhich are many alfo; Species againe rife up into
Generalls;and thefe aícending are contracted into more U-
niverfall Generalities ; fo that atlength nature may feeme
to clofe in a unity ; which is fignified by the Pyrami-
dal Figure of Pans Hornes . Neither is it to be wonder’d at,
thatPzaz toucheth heaven with his horns;{eeing the tranfcen-
dentals of Naturesor’Carver/all Ideas, doe in fome fort reach
things Divine. Wherefore Homers famous Chaine of Naturall
Caufes, tyed to the foot of \upiters Chaires was celebrated. And
it is plain, thatno man converfant in Metaphyfique;& thofe
things whichin Nature are Eternal], and immoveable; and
that hath never fo litle withdrawn his mind from the fluid
ruine of (ublunary things,which doth not at the fame in-
ftant fail upon Naturall Theologie : fo direct and com pendi-
ous a paffage itis, from the top of the Pyramis , to Matters
Divine. 2)
$ Thebody of Nature is eleganrly and lively drawne
Hairy, reprefenting the beames of things; for beames are, as
it were, the haires or briftles of nature;and every Creature is
P more
———À
113
Senec.
in Epi:
Iliad, 1X:
114
Or THE ADpVANCEMENT:
more or leffe Beamy, which is moft apparant in the faculty
-. of feeing;and noleffeinevery magnetique virtue,and ope-
ration upon diftance; for whatloever worketh uponany
thing upon Diftance , that may rightly be (aid to dart forth
rayes. Moreover Pans beard is {aid to be exceeding long,
becaufe the beames orinfluences ofthe Heavens ; and fpeci-
ally of che Sunne,doe operate , and pierce fartheftof all; fo
that not only the furface, but the inward bowels of the
earth have bin turn'd ;. fubduc’d;and impregnate, with the
mafculine Spirit ofthe heavenly influence. And the forme
of Pans beard isthe more elegant ; becaufe the Suz when
his higher part,is fhadowed with a Cloud; his beams break
out inthelower; and fo appeares to the eyeas if he were
bearded.
§ Naturealfo is moft expreffively fet forth with a bi-
Formed ‘Body;in reference tothe Differences betweene fupe-
rior and inferior bodies.For the one part, by reafon of their
beauty;and equability;and conftancy of motion; and domi-
minion over the earth;and earthly things, is aptly fet out by
the fhape of man. And the other partin refpect of their per-
turbations;and irregular motions,and that they are for moft
part comanded by theCeleftiall, may be well fitted with the
figure of a bruit beafl.Againe this fame bi-formed defcription
of his body, pertaines to the participation of the fpecies or
kind;forno fpecies of Nature, feemes to be fimple; but; as it
Were participating and compounded of two , Effentiall In-
gredients.For Man hath fomething of a Beatt:a Beaft (ome-
thing of a Plant : aPlant fomething of an inanjmate Body:
and all Natural things are indeed bi-formed;and compoun-
ded ofa fuperior and inferior kind. 13
$ Itisawitty Allegorythat fame of the feet of the Goat;
by reafon of the upward tending motions of Terreftiall
bodies towards the regions of the aire; and of the heaven;
where alfothey become penfile;and from thence are rather
forc d downe,than fall downe. For the Goatis a mounting
Animal,that loves to be hanging upon rocks,and precipices,
& fteep hils:And this is done alfo1n a wonderfull manner,
even
-Or Learnine. Lis. IL 115
even by thofe things which are deftinated to this. inferior
Giobe,as may manifeflly appear, in Cloudes and. Meteors.
And it was not withoutthe grounds of reafon, that Gilberts pe Magn:
who hath written a painfull and an experimental work,
toüching à LoadStones caft in this doubt, Whether or no
ponderous bodies, after a great diftance,and long difcontinuance
from the earth, may not put off their motion towards the inferior
Globe? |.
$ Thetwo enfignes which Pas bears in his hands, doe
point,the one at Harmony,the other at Empirie: for the Pipe
offeven Reeds, doth evidently demonftrate the confent and
Harmony; ox difcordant concord of Nature, which is caufed
by the motion ofthe feaven wandring ftarres for there are
no other Errors,or manifeft: Expatiations in heaven, fave
thofe of che feaven Planets; which being intermingled, and
moderated with the equality of the fixed: ftarres, and their
perpetuall and invariable diftance one from the other , may
maintaine and excite both the conftancy in {pecificall ; and
the fluency of Individuall Natures. If there be any leffer
Planets which are notconfpicuous; or any greater Mutati-
on inheaven (asin many fuperlunary Comets) they feem
buc like Pipes; either altogether mute; or only ftreperous for
atime, becaufetheir influence either doth not ftream down
folow as to us; or doth not long interrupt the Harmony of
the (2apen Pipes of Pan. Andthat Staffe of Empirie, may be
excellently applied to the order of Nature, which is partly
right, partly crooked, And this ftaffe or rodde is efpecially
crooked atthe upper end; becaufe all the works ‘of Divine
Providence are commonly fetcht about by circuits, and
windings; fothat one thing may feem to be done, and yet
indeed a clean contrary broughtto paffe; asthe felling of Io-
fephinto /Egypt; and the like. Befides in all wile humane Gen.4s.
Goverment, they that fit at the helme, doe more happily
bring their purpofes about, and infinuate more eafily things
fitforthe peoples by pretexts and oblique courfess than by
downe-right dealing. Nay (which perchance may feem
very ftrange) in things meerely naturall, you may fooner
P 2 deceive
146
Virg.B.2.
Mart. Ep.
Pal. 19.
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
deceive nature; than force her; fo improper, and felfe-im-
peaching are open direct proceedings; whereas onthe other
fide, an oblique and an infinuing way; gently glides along,
and compafleth the intended effect.
§ Pans Cloak or Mantle, is ingenioufly faigned to bethe
Skin of a Leopards becaufe it is full of fpots: fo the Heavens
are {potted with flarres; the Sea with Ilands, the Land with
flowers; and every particular creature alfo, 1s for moft parc
garnifhed with diverfe colours aboutthe fuperficies; which
is, as it werea Mantleuntoit.
§ The office of Pascould be by nothing fo conceived,
and expreft to thelife, as by faigning him to be the God of
Hunters; for every naturall Action; and fo by confequence,
motion and progresfion, is nothing elfebut a Hunting. Arts
and Sciences have their works; and humane Counfils their
ends, which they earneftly bunt after. All naturall things
have either their food, as a Prey; or their pleafure, as a recre-
ation; whichthey feek for; and that in a. quick-difcurfive,
and diícerning way.
Torva leena Lupum fequitur, Lupus ipfz Capellum,
Florentem Cytbifum (zquitur la[civa Capella.
§ Panis alfofaid tobe the God of the Country Swaines;
becaufe men of this condition lead lives more agreeable un-
to Nature, than thofe that livein the Citties and Courts of
Princes; where Nature by too much Art is corrupted: fo as
the faying ofthe Poet (though in the fenfe of love) may be
here verified: + --- Pars minima eSt ipfa puella fui.
§ Panwasheldtobe Lo. Prefdent of tbe Mountaines;
becaufe in high Mountaines and Hills, Nature laies hir lelfe
moft open, and is moft difplaied to the view and contem-
plation of men.
§ Whereas Panis faid to be (next unto Mercury) the
Meffenger of the Gods; there is inthat a Divine Myftery con-
tained; becaufe;next unto the word of God, the Image of
the world proclaimes the Divine power and wifdome, as
records the facred Poet, The Heavens proclaime the Glory of
God; and the vaft Expanfion reports the works of his bands. 5
§ The
Or Learnine. Lis. II.
§ The Nympbssthat is the Soules of living things, give
great delight to Pan: for the foules of the living are the Mi-
nions of the World. The Condué of thefe Nymphs is wich
great reafon attributed to Par, becaufe thele Nymphs; or
Soules ofthe liveing,doe follow their natural difpofition,as
their guides; and with infinite variety every one of them af-
ter the fafhion of his country; doth leap and dance with un-
ceflant motion about hir. Wherefore one of the Moderne
very ingenioufly hath reduced all the power of the Soule in-
to Motion; noteing the mifprifton,and preeipitancy of fome
ofthe ancients; who fixing theireyes and thoughts with
unadyifed haft, upon. Memory; Imagination , and Rea-
fon; have paft over the Cogitative faculty untoucht; which
hath a chiefe part inthe order. of conception. For he that.
calleth a thing into his mind; whether by impresfion or re-
cordations cogitateth and confideretb; and he that imployeth
the faculty of his phanfie alfo cogitareth; and he that reafon-
eth doth in like manner cogitate or advife: and to be briefe,
the Soule of man, whether admonifht by fenfe,or left to her
own liberty; whether in functions of the Intelleét, or of the
affections and of the will, dancesto the muficall aires of the
cogitattons; which is thattripudiation ofthe Nymphs.
§ The Satyres,and Sileni, are perpetuall followers of
Pan, that is old age and youth- for of : all naturall things,
there is alively, jocund, and (as! may fay) a danceing age;
and a dull, Hegmatique age: the carriages and difpofitions
ofboth whichages; may peradventure feeme, toa man
which ferioufly obferves them,as ridiculous and deformed,
as thofe of the Satyres, or of che Sélenz.
§ Touching the Terrors which Pan is | (aid to be the Aw-
thor of there naay be made a wife inftruction; namely, that
Nature hathimplanted in every living thing, akind of care and
feare, tending tathe prefer vation of its own lifesand being; ‘andto
the repelling and /hunning of all. burtfull encounters. And yet
Nature knows nothow to keepe à mean; but alwaies in-
termixeth vaine and empty fears; with ftichas are difcreet
and profitable; fo thacallthings (if their infides might be
Pig 1 feen)
17
N, L.
118
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
feen) would appear full of Panique. frights; but fpecially
Laert. in
Epicur.
Men; and above all other mensthe people which are won-
derfully travailed and toffed with fuperftition; {pecially in
hard;and formidable,and adverfe times,which indeed is no-
thing elíe but a Pamique terror. Nor doththis fuperftition
raigne only in the vulgar;but from popular opinions breaks
out fome times upon wife men; as Divinely Epicurus (if
the reft of his difcourfes touching the Gods, had bin confor-
mable to this rule) Jen Deos vulgi negare prophanum , fed
vulgi opiniones ditt applicarepropbanum. |
$. Concerning the audacity of Pan; and his combate upon
challenge with (Cupid; the meaning of tt it, that matter wants not
inclination and defire to tbe relapfing and diffolution of the World
into the old (Chaos; if. bir malice and violence were not reStrained
and kept in orders Ly the prepotent concord of things, fignified by
Cupid, or the God of Love. Andtherefore it fell out well for
man, by the fatall contexture-of the world; or rather the
great goodneffe of the Divine Providence, that Paz was
. found tooweak,and overcome. To the fame effect may be
interpreted, his catching of Typhon in a net. for howfoever
there may fometimes happen vaft, and unwonted tumors
(as the name of Typbon imports ) either inthe Sea, or in the
Ayre; orin the Earth; yet nature doth intangle in an intri-
cate toile, and curbeand reftraine as it were witha chaine
of. Adamant the exceffes and infolencies of thefe kind
of Bodies.
$. Astouching the finding out of Ceres, attributed to this
God, and that as hewas hunting and thought little of it, which
none of the other Gods could doe, though they did nothing
elfe butfeek hir and that with: diligence ; itgives us this
trueand grave admonition; that is, that men doe not expect the
invention of things nece[Jary for life and manners, from abftract
Philofophies, asfromtbe greater Gods. though they fhould apply
themfelves tono other fludys but only from Pans that is, from
difcreet experience, and from tbe univerfall obferyation of the
things oftbe World; where oftentimes:by chance ( and as it
were going a hunting) füch; inventions are lighted eee
| or
——— M ———
OrLearnina. Lis. II. "9
For the moft profitable inventions, are the off-[pring ofex-
perience ; and, asit were ,certaine Donatives diftributed to
men by chance.
§ His conteflation with “pols about Mufique ; and Addas& ine
the é¢vent thereof, containes a whollome inftru@ion, °OPar:Sa-
: 3 F difij cOmét.
which may ferve to reftraine mens reafons , and judg- ad Ovid,
ments;with the reines of fobriety, from boafting and glory- Mer-XI-
ing in their gifts. For there feemes to be atwo-fold Harmo-
ny or Mufisue;the one of Divine Wifdome; the other of Hu-
mane Reafon;for,to humane judgment, and as it were, the
tare of mortalls; the adminiftration; of the vvorld; and of
Creatures therein ; and the more fecret judgments of God,
found (omewhat hard and harfh : Which rude ignorance,
albeit icbe well proclaim'd by Affes eares ; yet notwitftan-
ding thefeeares are fecret; and doe not openly appeare; nei-
theris it perceived , or noted as a Deformity by the Vul-
gar. | | |
§ Laftyitisnotto be wonderedat; that there isno-
thing attributed unto Pan concerning Lovessbut only of the
marriage with Eccho;forthe world doth injoy it felfe,and in
it {elfe all things elfe. Now he that loves would enjoy fome-
thing. but where there is enough ; there is no place leftto
defire. Wherefore there can beno wanton love in pan,or the
World, nor defire to obtaine any thing , (fecing it is conten-
ted with it felfe )butonly Speechesswhich (if plaine) are pro-
nounced by the Nymph Eccho,a thing not {ubftantiall, but
only vocall;if more accurate by Syrzaga;that is; when words
and voices are regulate by certaine numbers; Poeticall, or O-
ratoricall , as by muficall meafures . It isan excellent inven-
tion thatamongft (beeches, and voices , only Eccho fhould be
taken in marriage by the World; for that alone istrue Philofo-
phy which doth faithfully render the very words of the world ; and
which iswrittensno otberwifesthan the world doth dictate 5 and t
nothing el[e tban the image and reflection thereof; and addeth
nothing of its owne,but only iterates,and refounds.
§ And whereas ‘Panis reported to have called the Moone
afide inio a bigh-(hadowed woad ; fcemes to appertaine tothe
| convention
120
Hered. Po-
lym.Ovid.
Met. 4.
Paus.
Strab.
Or THE ADVANCEMENT.
a Le La ae
convention betweene fence and heavenly, or divine things:
For the cafe of Endymion, and pan are difterent.the Moone of
hir owne accord camedowne to Endymion , as heewas a-
fleep: For that Divine illuminations oftentimes gently flide into
the under Standing caf? afleepeand retired fromthe fences; but if
they be called,and fent for by Sence;as by Pas; than they pre-
fent no other light than that; |
Quale [ub incertam lunam] ub luce maligna
Eff iter in [ylvis.----
Ft belongs alfoto the (ufficiency , and perfctbion of the world, that
it begets noi[fue ; For the world doth generate inrefpectof
its parts; butinrefpect of the whole, how can it generate,
feeing there is no body beyond the bounds of the Vniverfe?
As for that Girle Yambe father'd upon Pan, certainly itisa
wife adjection to the fable; for by bir are. reprefented thofe
yaine and idle Paradoxes comerning the nature of tbings which
have been frequent in all ages, and have filled the world
with novelties for the matter fruitles;fpurious for theRace;
by their garrulity, fometimes pleafant; fometimes tedious
and unfeafonable.
Anotherexample of Philofophy according to Ancient Parables
in Politiques, of Warre,according to the
Fable of Per{eus.
V Perfew a Prince of the Eaft is reported to have bin im-
ployed by Pallas for the deftroying of Medufa, who was very
infeftious tothe wefterne parts of the world, about the ut-
moft Coafts of Hiberia.A Mon(ter huge and fierce, of an af-
pect fo dire and horrid , that with hir very looks fhe turn’d
men into ftones:: Of all the Gorgons this Medufa alone was
mortall the reft not fubjeét to death . Per/ews therefore pre-
paring himfelfe for this noble enterprife, had Armes, and
guifts beftowed omhim by three of the Gods: Mercury gave
him wings fitted for his feet not his armes; Pluto a helmet;
Pallas a fhield , and a Looking-Glaffe . Notwith/fanding al.
though he was thus well furnifht , he went not directly to
Medufa, butturned into the Gree, which by the Mothers
fide
~Or Learnine.. Lis. IL | 121
fide were fifters to the Gorgous. Thele Gree from their
birch were hoary-headed, refembling old women. ‘They
had but one only eye, and one tooth among themall; both
whichas they had occafion to goe abroad, they were wont
in courfeto take with them, and at their returneto lay them
downeagaine. This Eye and Tooth they lent to Perfew:
{o finding himfelfe completely appointed for the Action de-
figned, with winged {peed he marches towards Medu/a.
Hir be found fleeping;yet durft not venture himfelfe a front
to hir afpect,if fhe fhould chance to awake; but turning his
head alide, beholding herby reflection in Pallas Mirror, and
fo directing his blow, cut of hir head ; from whofe bloud
gufhing out, inftandy there emerged Pega/is the flyeing
Horfe. Hir head thus {mitten off;Perfew transferres and in-
ferts into Pallas fhield; which yet retained this virtue, that
whofoever lookt upon it, as one blafted or Plannet-ftruck,
he fhould fodainly become fenfeleffe.
§ Thi Fableleems to be devifed for directionto the Sandys |
preparation,andorderthatisto be obferved in making of pue
warre. And firftthe undertaking of any warre oughtto be Met. 4.
asa commifsion from Pallas, certainly not from Cen, (as Renovard.
the Trojan warre was ) or fome {uch flight motive; becaufe
the Defignes of Warre, ought to be grounded upon folid
Counfils. Than forthe choice of warre, for the nature and
quality thereof;the Fable propounds three grave and whol-
fome Precepts. The firff is, that a Prince doe not much
trouble himfelfe about the conquest of neighbour Nations:
aor t the way of enlarging a Patrimony, and an Empiry, the
fame; for inthe augmentation of private poffefions s the vi-
cinity of Territories is to be confidered ; but in the amplift-
cation of publique Dominions, the occafion and facility of
makeing warre, and the fruitto be expetted, ought to be in-
flead of propinquity.. Therefore Per/ews, chough an Eafterne
Prince , makes the expedition of his warre afatre off, even
in the remoteft parts of the Wefterne World. There is ano-
sable prefident of this Cafe; in the different manner of war- Plut-in A-
: 3t ; . lex. Id. de
ring, practiled by two Kingssthe Father and the Sonne, Phi- Fort, Alex.
lip
122
Hift.Fran.
Serres alii.
Bacon de
jure Belli
cont.Hifp,
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
lipand Alexander. For Philip warted upon Borderers only,
and added tothe Empire fome few Citties, and that not
without great contention and danget,who many times, but
efpecially ina Theban warre, was brought into extreme
hazard: But Alexander carried the Actions of his warre a
farre off, and with a profperous boldneffe undertook an ex-
pedition againft the Perfian; conquered infinite Nations; -
tired, rather with travile, than warre. ‘This point is farther
cleered in the propagation of the Roman Empire, what time
their conquefts towards the Weft {carce reacht beyond Li-
guria, did yet inthe East, bring all the provinces as farre as
the mountaine Taurus, within the compaffe of their Armes
and command. So Charles the eight, King of France, find-
ing the warre of Brittaine ( which afterward was com-
poundedby marriage) not fo feafable, purfued his enter-
prileupon Naplesswhich he accomplifht with wonderfull
facility and felicity | Certainly warres made upon Nations
farre off, have this advantage; that they are to fight with
thofe who are not practifed in the difcipline and Armes of
the Aggreffor : butin a warre made upon Borderers, the,
cafeis otherwife. Befides the preparation for fuch an ex-
peditionis commonly better appointed; and the terror to
the enemy from fucha bold and confident enterprife, the
greater. Neither can there ufually be made, by the enimy
to whom the warreis brought fo farre off; any retaliation
orreciprocall invafion; which ina warre upon borderers
often falls out. But the chief point is, that in fubdueing a
neighbour ftate, the election of advantages is brought to a
ftraight; but in a forraigne expedition, a man may turne the
race of the warte at pleafure; thether, where military difci-
pline is moft weakned, or the ftrength of the Nation much
wafted and worne; or Civile difcords are feafonably on
foot; or fuch like opportunities prefent chemfelves. ‘
§ Thefecond precept is, that the motives of warre be juft,
and Religious; and Honourable, and Plaufible : for that begets
alacrity,as well inthe Souldiersthat fight, as inthe people
thatafford pay; it drawes on and procureth aides; and hath
many
\
of LEARNING. Lis.lh. — 123
many other advantages belides. Amongít the juft grounds:
of warre, that is melt favorable, which is undertaken for
the extirpation of Tyrans; under whom the people loofe
their courage, and are caft downe without heart and vigor,
as inthe fight of Medufa:which kind of heroick Acts,procured. ovi Met.
Hercules a divinity amongft theGods.certainly it was a point 1X. Sandi-
of Religion amongft the Romans, with valour and {peed ; to EE CN
aid and (uccour their confederates and allies, that were any
way diftreffed. So juft vindictive warres have for moft part
bin profperous; fo the warre againft Brutus and Caffui, for Tacit.
the revenge of Cefars death; of Severus for the death of Per- Herodian;
tinax ; of Junius Brutus fortherevenge of the death of Lu. &cs |
cretia: and in a words whofoever relieve and revenge the
calamities and injuries of men, beare arms under Per/ews.
§ The third precept is, that inthe undertaking of any warrey Fra.Bacon
atrue eStimate of the forcesbe taken ; andthat it be rightly ™ ca aes
waighed whether the enterprife may be compaft and ac-
complifht; left vaft and endletfe defignes be purfued. For
among t the Gorgonss by which warreis reprefentéd, Perfeus
wifely undertook hir onlysthat was mortall; and did not fet
his mind upon impoflibilicies. Thus farrethe fableinftru&ts
touching thofe things that fallin deliberation , about the
undertakeing of a warre; the reft pertaine to the warre it
felfe.. shat |
$ Inwarre thole three guifis of the Gods doe most availe, fo
as commonly they governe, and lead fortune after them:
for Per[eus received [peed, from Mereury ; concealing of his
Counfils, from Orcwsand Providence from Pallas, Neither is
it without an Allegorie, and that moft prudent, that thofe
Wings of fpeed in difpatch of affaires (for quickneffe in
warre is of fpeciall importance) were faftned unto his
heeles, and not anto his Arme-holes, toliis feet, and notto
his fhouldets; becaufe celerity is required,not fo rnuch in
the firft agereílions and preparations; as in the purfuit and
thefucours that fecond the firft affaults: for there is no er-
rorsin warre more frequent, than that profequutions and
— fubfidiary forces , fiale to anfwer the alacrity cf the. first on-
Q.z ftis
124
Or THE ApvANCEMENT
fets. Now tbe Helmet of Pluto, which hath powerto make
men invifible, is plaine in the Morall: for the fecreting of
Counfils nextto Celerity, is of great moment in warre;wher-
of Celerity it felfe is a great part; for feed, prevents the dif-
clofure of Counfils. Je pertains to Pluto's Helmet, that there
be one generall ofthe Army in warre, invefted with abfo-
lute authority; for confultations communicated with ma-
ny, partake more of the Plumes of Mars, than of the Helmet
of Pluto. Tothe fame purpofeare various Pretenfions;and
doubrfull defignations, and emiffary reports, which either
cafta cloud over mens eyes,orturne them another way,
and place thetrue aimes of Counfils in the darke: for dili-
gent and diffident Cautions touching letters, Ambafladorss
Rebells, and many fuch like Proviloes, adorne and begirt
the Helmet of Pluto. But itimporteth no leffe, to di{cover the
Counfils ofthe enemy than to conceale their owne: wheres
fore tothe Helmet of Pluto, we muft joyne the Looking-glaffe
of Pallas, whereby the ftrength, the weaknefle , the fecret
abettors, the divifions and factions, the proceedings and
Counfils of the enemy may be difcerned and difclofed. And
becaufe the cafualties of warre are fucb, as we muft not put too
much confidence, either in the concealeing our own de-
fignes; or the diflecreting the defignes of the enimy; or in
celerity it felfe, we muft efpecially take the /Die/4 of'. Pallas,
that is of Providence, that fosas litle as may be, be left cofor-
tune. Hetherto belong the fending out of efpialls the for-
tification of campss( which inthe Military difcipline of this
latter age, is almoft grown out of ufe: for the camps of the
Romans were flrengthenedas if it had bina Citty, againft
alladverfe events of warre) afetled and wellordered Army,
nottrufting too much to the light Bands; or to the troops of
horfemen; and whatfoever appertaines to a fubftantiall and
advifed Defenfive warre: feeing in warres the (Pield of Pal-
las prevailes more than the fivord of Mars.
§ But Perfew albeit he was fufficiently furnifht with
forces and courage, yet was lieto doe one thing of {peciall
importance, before he enterprized che Action; and that was
to
OrLearninea. Lis. II.
to have fome intelligence withthe Gres. Thele Gree aretrea-
fonss which may betermed the fifers of Warre; not defcen-
ded of the lame ftock, but farre unlike in nobility of Birth:
fo warres are Generow and Heroicall; but Treafons bafe and ig-
noble. Their defcription is elegant, for they are faidto be
gray headed, and like old women from their birch; by rea-
fon that Traitors are continually vext with cares and trepi-
dations. Butalltheir ftrength, before the break outinto o-
pen Rebellions; confifts either in an Eye; or in a Toath, for e-
very faction alienated from any ftate, hath an evil eye. and
bites. Befidessthis Eye and Tvoth is, as it weres common; for
whatloever they canlearne or know ; runs from hand to
handamongft them: Andas concerning the Tooth, they
doe all bite alike, and caftthe fame fcandals; fo that hear
one,and you hear all: <Per/ew therefore was to deale with
thefe Gree, and to engage their alliftance for the loan of
their Eye and Tooth: their Eye for Difcoveries; their Tooth for
the {owing and {preading of Rumors; and the ftirring up of en-
vy; and the troubling of themindes of men. After all things
are well, and preparedly difpofed for warre; that is firlt of allto
be taken into confideration, which Perfews did, that Medufz
may be found a fleep: for a wife Captain ever affaults the eni-
my unprepared;'and when heis moft fecure. LaS#ly in the
very attion and heat cf warresthe looking into Pallas Glaffe, is
tobe putin practife : for moft men, before it come to the
pufh, can with diligence and circumfpeétion dive into, aud
difcerne the ftate and defignes of the enimies ; but in the
very point of danger; either areamazed with fear; or in a
rafh mood fronting dangers too directly, precipitate chem-
Íelves into them; mindfull of victory; but forgetfull of eva-
fion,and retrete. Yet neither of thefe fhould be practifed;
but they fhould look with a reverfed countenance into Pal-
das Mirror; that fo the ftroak maybe rightly directed, with-
out either terror or fury. .
$ Afterthe Warre wasfinifh and the victory wonne;
there followed two Effects; Th procreation aud raifing of Pe-
gafw ; which evidently denotes Fame, that flying through
' Q.3 the
123
126
Ss e CC Mp SS URUEAE TUER U E AUT IU EEUU
the world proclaimes victory ; and makes the remaines of
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
that warre eafy and feafable. The fecoud is tbe bearing of Me-
du/a s bead in bis field; becaufe there is no kind of defence
for excellency comparable tothis: For one famous and me-
morable A& profperoutly enterpriz'd and atchieved; ftrikes-
the Spirit of jnfurreétion in an enemy, into an amazing ter-
ror; and blafts envy hir felfe into an aftonifhment and
wonder.
Thethird Example of Philofophy according to Ancient Para-
blesin Morality .Of Pafsion according tothe
) Fable of Dionyfus,
"VI. They fay that Semele Iupiters Minion, having bound hir
Paramour, by aninviolable oath, to grant hir one requeft
'3-which fhe wouldaske, defir'dthat he would accompany
hir inthe {ame form,wherein he came in to funo.So fhe pe-
rifht with lightning. Butthe Imfant which fhe bare in hir
Wombe , Inpaer the Father took out , and fowed itin his
thigh till the months were accomplifht, that it fhould be
borne. This burden made lupiter {omewhat to limpe;where-
forethe child , becaufe it vext and pinched Iupiter, while it
was in his flank was called Dzenyfiu . * Being borne hee was
committed zo “Proferpina for fome yearesto be nurft; and
being growneupshe had fuch a maiden face as thata man
could hardly judge whether it were aboy,or agirle.He mas
dead alfo,and buried for a time,but afterwards revived. Be-
ing but ayouth he invented the planting & drefling of vines,
the making and ufe of wine; for which becomming fa-
mous and renowned ; he fubjugated che world eventothe
utmoft bounds of India. He rode in a Chariot dramne with Ty~
gars There danced about him certaine deformed Hobgoblius
called (Cobali ; Acratus and others ; yea, eventhe Mafezs alfo
were {ome of his followers . Hee took to wife Ariadnesforía-
ken and left by Thefeus . The tree facred unto bim wasthe
I»y. He was held the [gyentor and InStituror of facrifices and
Ceremonies, but füch as were frantique and full of corrupti-
ons
Or LEARNING. Lis. II 127
ons and cruelties.He bad likewife power to ftrike men with mad- ;
neffe: For itis reported that at the Celebration ofhisOrgyes, pus.
two famous Worthies, Peathews and Orphensswere torne in Pan
et Itu AW £u Urip in.
pieces by certaine mad-enraged women; the one bécaufe pac.
he gor upon a tree,out of a curiofity to behold their Cere-
monies in thefe Sacrificessthe other becaufé he plaid fweer.
ly and cunningly upontheharpe. And for the Gefts of this
God, they are in a manner the fame with Inpirers.: Gea
§ There is fuch excellent Morality coucht “in this fable ys in Ovid. -
Morall Philofophy affords not better. For under the Perfon "x ds
of Bacchus is defcribed thé mature o Paffion; on of Affe&ions and Renova,
Perturbations of the mind. Fir ft therefore touching the birth and
parentage of Pafron; the beginning of all Paffion ; though
never fo hurtfull;jis nothing elfethan good Apparent: For as
the Mother of virtue 15 good-ExiStent.{o the Mother of Paí-
fionis good Apparent.T he one of thefe(under which Perfon,
the foule of manis reprefented )is Fupiters lavvfull wife; che
other his Concubine: which yetaffeðthe honour of In-
no,as Semele did. Pafion is conceiy'd inan anlawfall defite,
rafhly granted, before rightly underftood; andjudged> And
after when it begins to grow ferventsthe Mother of itswhich
is the Nature and Species of Good , bytoo much inflamation
is deftroyed;and perifheth. The proceeding of Pafffor from
the firft conception thereof is after this manner : It is nou-
tifhtand concealed by the mind of man ( which is the Pa-
rent of Paffion,) {pecially in the inferior part of the mind; as
inthethigh; and fo vexeth;and pulleth , and depreffeth the
mind; as thofe good determinations and actions, aremuch
hindred andlamed thereby > but when it comestobe con-
firmed by confent and habit;and breakes out into AQ, chat
it hath now; as it were fulfill'd the months , and is brought
forth and born; firft for a while it is brought np by Proferpi-
14 ; that is, it feeks corners and fecret places , and lurksas it
were, undergroundyuntill the tains of Íhame and fear laid a-
fide and boldneffe comming 6n; it either affümes the pre-
text of fome virtue , or becomes altogether impudent and
fhameleffe, And it is moft truethat every vehement Paffionis of
4
pe
| i28
Or. THe ADVANCEMENT
_ adonbtfull fexe; being ma{culine in the fft motion; but fe-
, mininein profeqution, di is an excellent fiéion, that of dead
. Bacchusreviving; for Paffiens doc fometimes feemeto be in
»* a dead fleepe, and extin&ts but we muft not truft them, no
though they were buried;For let there be but matter and op-
portunity offer d, they rife againe. | "VA
6 The invention of the Vine isa wife Parable, forevery
_. affection isvery quick and witty in finding out that which
.; nourifhéth;and cherifhech it; and. of all things knowne to
mens wine is moft powerfull and efficacinu to excite and inflame
» Paffionssof what kind foever 5as being ina fort acommon in-
centive to them all. |
$.. Againe Affe&lionor Paffion is elegantly fet downe to be a
fubduer of Nations » and ati wndertaker tf infinite expeditions:
For defrenever refts content with what it poffefleth , but
withaninfinite and unfatiable appetite ftill covets more;&
hearkens after a new purchafe.
~\§ 0 SoTygers SABLE by Affeébions and draw their Chariot:
For (incethe time that Affection began to ride ina Coach;
and togoe no moreafoot ; and to captivate R eafon ; andto
lead hir away in triumph, it grows crucljunmanegeable,and
fierce, againftwhatfoever withftands or oppofethit. _.
§ And it is aprétty devife that thofe ridiculous Demons ,
are brought in dancing about Bacchus Chariot : For every vehe-
ment affection doth caufe in the eyes; face; and gefture; un-
decentand fubíeeming , apeifh , and deformed motions;
fo thatthey whoin any kind of Paflion , (asin anger; arro-
gance; or love) feem glorious and brave in their owne eyes;
doe appeare to others mifhapen , and ridiculous.
$ Tbe Mufes are feenin the Company of Paffien; and there
is almoftno affection fo depraved and vile , which is not
foothed by fome kind of Learning : And herein the indul-
gence and arrogancy of Wits doth. exceedingly derogate
trom the Majefty ofthe Mufes,that whereas they fhould be
the Leaders and Ancient-bearers of life ; they are become
the foot-pages; arid buftoones to lufts and vanity.
§ Againe where Bacchus is faidto pave engaged ir fle
ions
"Or LrganNiING. Lis. IL
étions on bir that was abandoned and reietted by another: Y isan
Allegory of fpeciall regard; for itis moft certain; that Paffi-
omever {eekes and {ues for that which experience hath re-
linquifht;and they all know, who have paid deare for fer-
ving and obaying their Lufts; that whether it be honor; or
riches, or delight; or glory; or knowledge; or any thing elfe;
which they feeke after; they purfue things caft off, and by
diverfe men in all ages after experience had utterly rejected
and repudiate.
§ Neither isit without a Myftery , that the Fry was facred
to Bacchus; the application holds two waies: Fir(t,in that che
I py remaines green in Winter 5 Secondly, in that it creeps
along, imbraceth, and advanceth it felfe over fo many di-
verle bodies, as crees, walls, and edifices. Touching the first;
every Pafsion doth through renitence and prohibition, and
as it were, by an Znti-periffafis , (likethe Ivy through the
cold of winter) grow frefh and lively. Secondly, every pre-
dominant affection in mans foule, like the Ivy ; doth com-
paffe and confine all human Actions and Confils; neither
can you finde any thing fo immaculate and inconcern'd,
which affections have not tainted and clinched as it were
with their tendrells.
§ Neither tit awonder,that (uperftitious ceremonies were
attributed unto Bacchus, {eeing every giddy-headed humor
keeps, in a manner; Revell-rout in falle Religions; fo that
the pollutions and diftempers of heretiques , exceed the
Bachanalls of the Heathens; and whofe fuperftitions have
binno leffe barbarous; than vile and loathfome. Aor z it
awonder that Madneffetsthought tobe (ent by Bacchus, feeing
every affection in the Exceffe thereofsis a kind of /Porz fury;
and if it grow vehement and become habituall, it common-
ly concludes in Madre.
§ Concerning the ending and difmembring of Pentheus and
Orpheus in the celebration of the Orgies of Bacchus, the Parable
is plain. For every prevalent affection is outragious againft
two things; whereof tbe one is Curious enquiry into it, the other
free and wholfome admonition. Nor will it availe, though that
KR, inquiry
129
130
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
inquiry vas only to contemplate and to behold, as it were
goingup into a tree; without any milignity of mind; nor
againe, though that admonition was given with much are
and fweetneffe; but howfoever; the Orgies of Baccbw; can
not endure either Pentheus or Orpheus.
$ Lafliythat confufionof the Perfons of Iupiter and * Bac--
chus, may be well transferred to a Parable; feeing noble and
famous Actsand remarkable and glorious meritsdoe fome-
times proceed from virtue and well ordered reafon , and
magnanimity;and fometimes froma fecret affection, and
ahidden pafsion; howfoever both the one and the other, fo
affe& the renowne of Fame; and Glory ; that aman can
hardly diftinguifh between the Acts of Bacchus ; and the
Gefls of Jupiter.
But we ftay toolong in the Theatre ; let us now paffe on
to the Pallace of the Mind; the estrante whereof we are to
approach with more veneration; and attention,
THE
THE THIRD BOOK OF
FRANCIS LO. VERVLAM
VICOUNT. S ALBAN.
OF THE
DIGNITY AND ADVANCEMENT
OF LEARNING,
Tothe KING.
GAP. L
I. The Partition of Sciences, into Theology and Philofophy.
II. The Partition of Philofophy zzi three Knowledges: Of
God; of Nature;of Man. TII. The Conftitution of Philofophia
Prima, or Summary Philofophy; as the ('ommwune Parent ofall,
3 LL Hiffory( Excellent K 1 w a) treads up-
onthe Earth, and performes the office of a
j Guide, rather than of a light; and Poefy is,
as it were the Dream of Knowledge, a
e {weet pleafing thing, full of variations; and
? would be thought to be fomewhar infpis
red with Divine Rapture;which Dreams likewife pretend:
but now itis time for meto awake; and to raife my felfe
from the Earth, cutting the liquid Aire of Philofophy, aud
Sciences.
I Knowledge i1 like waters; [ome waters defcend from the
Heavens, [ome {pring fromthe Earth; {othe Primary Partition
of Sciences; is to be derived from their fountaines; fome are
feated above; [ome are heere beneath. For all knowledge
R 2 pro-
131
on
Or THE ÁDVANCEMENT
proceeds from a two fold information, either from Divine in-
fpiration, or from externall Sence ;As tor that knowledge
which is infuled by inftruction; that is Cumulative, not O-
riginall, as itis in waters; which befides the Head-fj prings,
are encreafed by the reception of other. Rivers that fall into
them. Wherefore we will divide Sciences, into Theology. and
Philofophy, by Theology we underftand 7nfpired or Sacred
Divinity, not Naturall, of which we are to {peak anon. But
this Infpired Theology, we velerve for the laft place, that we
may clofeup this work with it; feeing itis the Port and
Saboath of all Humane Contemplations.
Il. The Obiett of Philofiphy tt of three forts, Gop; Na-
ture; Max: folikewilethere isa Triple Beam of Things,
for Nature darts upon the under [Landing with a dire: Beame,
God becaufe of the inequality of the mediu which ts the Creature,
mith arefract Leame, and man repre[euted and exhibited to him-
felfeswith a beam reflext. Wherefore Philofophy may fitly be
divided into three knowledges, the kuowledge of God; the
knowledge of Nature; and the knowledge of Man,
II, And becanfe the Partition of Sciences are not like
feverall lines that meet inone angle; but rather like bran-
ches of treesthat meetin oneftemme, which ftemme for
{ome dimenfion and {pace is entire and continued, before
it break, and part it felfe into armes and boughes ; therefore
the nature of the fubject requires, before we purfue the
arts of the former diftribution, to erect and conflitute one
univer[all Science, which may be the mother of the refl; and
thar in the progreffe of Sciences,a Portion, as it were, of the
common high-way may be kept, before we come where
the waies part and divide themfelves. This Science we ftile
Primitive Philofophy or Sapience, which by the Ancients was -
defin'd tobe, The Science of things divine and human. Tothis |
Science noneof thereftis eppofed, being itis differenced
from other knowledges, rather in the limits of latitude,
than inthe things and fubjeét; that is, handleing only the
tops of things. Whether I fhould reportthisas DericienT,
V ftand doubtful yet [think I very well may. ForI finda
cer-
p
OrLéearnine. Lis. III 133.
certain kind of Rhapfodys and confufed maffe of know-
ledge, namely of Naturall Theslogy; of Logique; of particular
parts of Naturall P bilofophy (as of che Principles of Nature;
and of the foule) compofited and compiled; and bythe
height oftermes ( from men who love to admire them-
felves) advanced, and exalted: as it were; to the verticall
point of Sciences. But we, without any (uch ftately lofti-
neffe, would only have thus much, That there might be de-
fienda certain Science that should be the receptacle of all fuch
Axioms a: fall not within the compa[Je of any [peciall part of *Pbi-
bofophy; but are more common to them all or most of them.
§ That there are many of this kind needs not tobe
doubted. For example, $7 inequalibw «qualia addas; omnia e- Euclid.
runt inequalia;is a rule in the Mathematiques: and the fame EU
holds inthe Ethiques concerning Artributive Iuflice; for in
“Iuftice Expletives the reaton of equitie requires, That equal
Portion be givento unequall Perfons,but in Attributives unlelfe
unequall be aiftributed untounequallstt is a great injustice. Que po Bh
in eodemtertio comveniunt , eS inter (e comyemunt; islikewifea — '
ruletaken from the Mathematiques, but fo potent in Lo-
gique alfo,as all Syllogifmes are built upon it. Natura fe po- Avil. dc
tifsimum. prodit iu minimis, isa tule in Natmrall Philofophy abu. i
1o prevalent , that ic hath produced Democritus Atomes;
yethath Ariffotle made good ufe of ic in his Politiques, polis.
where he raifeth his contemplations of a Citty or State,from
the Principles of aFamily. Omnia smntantur nil interit; is al-
fo a maxime in Naturall Philofophy thus expreffed, that the
Quantum of Nature is neither diminifht nor augmented:
The fame is applied to Naturall Theology thus varied; That
they are the workes of the fame Omnipotence, to make nothing
Somewhat, andto make {omewhat nothing, which the Scriptures
likewife teftify;7 have found by experience that all theworks of Beclef3 .
* God doe pe fevere for ever: nothing can be put unto them, nor
any thing taken from them. Tuteritus rei arcetur per redu&ionem
eiu ad Principia, isarulein Naturall Philofophy; the fame
holds alfointhe Politiques (as Macchiavell hath wifely ob- Difc. fopra
ferved) becaufe the means which muft fpecially preferve #7 2:
R 3 States
134
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
Oe
States from ruine, are commonly nothing elfe than a‘refor-
mation, and a reduction ofthem to their Ancient cuftomes.
Avicenna Putredo ferpens magis contagiofa eft quam matura. isa greund
Hippoc. E- in Naturall Philofophy, the fame is an excellent Maxime in
pid.
Morall Philofophy; becaule profeffedly wicked, and def; pe-
ratly impious perfons,doe notcorrupt publique manners fo
much, as they doe,who feeme to have {ome foundnefle and |
Arif. ali- goodnefle in them; and are difeafed but in part. Quod con-
«ubi.
Jervativum e[l forme maioris id actrvitate potentim;is a ground
in Naturall Philofophy: for it makes for the confervation of
the fabrique of the univerfe; that the chaineand contexture
of nature, be not cut afunder or broken; and that there be
not vacuum, as they call it; or empty difcontinnity in the
world, and that heavy bodies fhould be congregate and af-
fembled to the mafly pile of the earth, makes for the con-
fervation of the Region of grofle and compacted natures,
wherefore the firft and univerfall motion commands, and
fubdues,the latter and more particular. The fame rule holds
in the “Politiques, for thofe things which conduce to the
confervation of the whole Body Politique in its entire nature
and effence; are more potent, than thofe things are; which
make only for the well-fareand exiftence of Particular
members, in a State or Civile Goverment. So the fame rule
takes place in Theologie; for amongft Theological virtues,
Charity , a virtue moft communicative excells all che reft.
Arift. Mee Augetur vis agentis per anti-perifafin contrarii: is a rule in
teor.1.
Problem
Sar
Naturall Philofophy; thefame works wonders in Civile
flates, for all faction is vehemently moved, and incenfed ac
the rileing of acontrary faction. Tonus difcors in concordem
V. Boet.de a&futitm definens concentum commendat: To fall [uddenly froma
Mutica.&c. Difcord upon a (Concord commends the Aire «isa rule in Mu-
fique: the like effe& it worketh in Morality, and the Affecti-
ons. That Trope of Mufique, to fall or flide foftly, from the
clofe or cadence (as they call it) when it feemed even to
touch it, is common with the Trope of Rhetorique, of de-
ceiving expectation. The Quavering upona {top in Mufique,
gives the fame delight to the eare; that the playing of light
upon
"-—
we oe ee
Or Learning. Lis. lil —— 135
upon the water, or the {parkling of a Diamond givesto the
eyes —--Splendet tremulo fub lumine Pontus. Virg.£n.7
Orgána fen[uum cum Organis refle&Hionum conveniunt : This Alhaz.Opte
hath place in Per pettive Art ;forthecye is liketo aGlaffe,or ded itcllo
to waters: and in Acouffique Art, for the Inftrument of hea- um
ring is like tothe ftraitsand winding within a Cave. Thefe
few. inftances may fuffice for examples. And indeed the
Perfian Magique; fo much celebrated;confifls chiefly inthis;
toob[erve tbe refpondency inthe Architetturess and Fabriques of
things Naturala? of things Civile.Neither are all thefewhere-
of we have [poken ; and othersof like nature meere Simili-
tudes only as men of narrow óbíervation perchànce may
conecive; but oneand the very fame footíteps; and feales of
Nature,printed upon feverall fubjects or matters . This kind
of Science , hath not bin hither too ferioufly handled ; You
may peradventure find inthe Writings comming from the
pens of the profounder fort of wits , Axiomes of this kind,
thinly and {par{edly inferted, forthe ufeand explication ot
the Argument which they have in hand,but.a compl ete bo-
dy of [uch Maximes.which have a Primitive and Summary force
and efficacy in all Sciengessnone yet have compofed ; being not-
withftanding a matter of füch confequence;as doth notably
conduce tothe unity of Nature; which we conceive to be
. the office and ufe of Philofophia Prima. |
.'$ Thereisalío an other Part of this, Primitive Ppilofo-
phy, which, if you refpe& termes, is Ancient; buo if themar-
ter which we defigne,is new,and of an other kind, and itis
anInquity concerning the Acceffory Conditions of Entities,
which we may call Tran/cendentss as Multitude, Paucity; Si-
militude,Diverfity.Pofibleand Tmpoffibles Batity, Non-Entity;
and the like. For being Tranfcendents doé not properly fall
within the compaffe of Naiurall Philofopby. and that Diale-
cticall differtation about them is rather accommodated to
the Formes of Argumentation,thanthe Nature of things, it
1s vety convenient that this Contemplation, wherein there
is fo much dignity and profit, fhould not be altogither de-
ferted; but find at leaft (ome roome in the Partitions of Scien-
ses:
e
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
ces-but this we underftand to be perform'd farre after ano.
ther manner than ufually it hath bin handled . --For example
no man who hath treated of Pascity or Multitude, hath en-
devour d togive a reafon, Why fome things in Nature are and
may be [omumerow and large;otbers (o few and litle! For cer-
tainly it cannot besthat there. fhould be in nature asgreat
ftoreof Gold, as of Iron; as great plenty of Rofes , asof
Grafle;as great variety of determin' d and fpecifiqueNatures;
as of imperfects,and non-fpecificates. Sonone in handling
Similitude and “Diverfity , hath fufficiently dif{covered the
Caufe, why betwixt diverfe fpecies there fhould; as it were
erpetually,be interpofed ,Participle sof Nature which are of
* adoubrfull kind and referrence,as Moff betwixt Putrefacti-
onjnd a Plant: FifPes which adhere and move not,betwixt
a Plantand a living Creature: Rats, and Mife, and other ver-
mine between living Creatures generated of Putrefaction,
and of feed: Bats or Flitter-mife between Birds and Beafls;
Flying Fifbesmow commonly knowne , between Fowles
and Fifh:Sea-Calfes between Fifhes and four-footed Beafts;
and thelike.Neither hath any made diligent inquiry ofthe
Reafon how it fhould come te pafle, being like delights tou-
nite to likeshat Iron drawes not [ron,as the Loadftone doth;
nor Gold allures and attracts unto it Gold, as it doth Quick-
filver. Concerning thefe and the like adjunéts- of things,
thereis, in the common Dilceptation about Tran{cendents
a deepe filence : For men have purfued Niceties of Termes, and
not fubtleties of things. Wherefore we would have this Pri-
mitive Philofophyto containe.a fubftantiall and folid inquiry
of thefe'Tran/cendents or Adventitions Conditions of Eutities,
according to the Lawes of Nature, and not accordingto
the Laws of Words. So much touching Primitive Philofophy,
or Sapience, which we haye juftly referr'd to the Catalogue
of DEFICIENTS. i
Car.
Orbksarnine. Lis, IIL 137
CAP. IL
1 OF Natural! T beolocie. $ Of the Knowledge of Angels, andof Spirits;
-mhich areas Appendix thereof.
£m HE (Commune Parent of Sciences being firlt placed
$4) inits properthrone like unto Berecynthia which
sc: had fo much heavenly Iflue.
—-—7 Omnes Calicole; omnes (upera alta ieneukes. —— Virg. En.6
We may returne co the former Divifion of thethree Philo-
lophies; Divine; Naturall, and Humane. .
~ I For Naturall Tbeolog y istraly called Divine Philofiphy.
Andthisis defined tobea Knowledge,or rather afpark and
rudiment of that Knowledge concerning God;luch as may
be had by the lightof Nature, and the Contemplation of
the Créature - which Knowledge may be truly teamed Dz-
wine in refpect of the Object; and Natwrall in refpect ofthe
Light . The Bounds of this Knowledge are truly fer forth;
that they may extend to the Confuration and Conviction
of Atheifme; the Information of the Law of Nature; but
may notbe drawne outtothe Confirmation of Religion.
Therefore there was never Miracle wrought by God to con-
vert an. Atheift , becau[e the light of Nature might have led
bim to coufef]e a God; but Miracles ave defigned to convert
Idolaters, and tbe. Superftitious, who have acknowledged a
Deity , but erred in his Adoration; becaufe no light of Na-
ture extends to declare the will and true Worfbip of God.
For as workes doe fhew forth the power and skill of the
workman , but not his Image: Sothe workes of God,doe
fhew the Omnipotency and Wifdome ofthe Maker; but
no way expreffe his Jmage. And inthis the Heathen opini-
ondiffers from the facred Truth: Forthey defined the world
to bethe Image of Cod;man the Image of the World, but Sa-
ceed Scriptures never vouchíafed the world that honour,
as any where tobe ftiled the Jmage of God , but only, the Pai. 8.
workes of his hands: but they fubfticute man ; the immediate 3- Gen. 1.
$ mage
138
Home
Iliad. 9,
Coloff, 2.
Or THE ÁDVANCEMENT
mage of God. Wherefore, that there is a God; that hee raines
and rules che world; that heis moft potent; wife; and pro-
vident: that he is a Rewarder, a Revenger;that he is to be a-
dored; may be demontftrated and evinced even from his
workes : and many wonderfull fecrets touching his attri-
butes, and much more touching his Regiment and difpen-
fation over cheworld , may likewife with {obtiety be ex-
tracted: , and manifefted out ofthe {ame workes ; and is an
Argument hath bin profitably handled by diveríe . Bu out of
the contemplation of Nature, and out of the Principles of. ~
Human Reafon, to difcourfe, or earneftly to urgea point
touching the Myfteries of faith; and againe, to be curioufly
{peculative intothofe fecrets; to ventilate them; and to be-
inquifitive into the manner of the Myftery, 15, in my judge-
ment notíafe: Da Fidei que Fidei funt. Forthe Heathens
~ themfelves conclude as much; in that excellent and divine
Fable ofs&he golden Chaine; That Men and Gods were‘not able
to draw Iupiter downto the Earth, but eontrarivi[e. Iupiter wad
able to draw them up to Heaven. Wherefore he laboureth in
vaine, who fhall attempt co draw downe heavenly Myfte-
ries to our reafon; it rather becomes us to raife and advance
our reafon tothe adored Throneof Divine Truth. And in
thus part of Naturall Theology, Y am fo farre from noteing any
deficience, as I rather finde anexceffe; which to obferve I
have fomewhat digreffed,becaufe of the extreme prejudice;
which both Religion and Philofophy have received there-
by; asthat which will fafhion and forge a hereticall Religi-
on, and an imaginary and fabulous Philofophy.
§ But ds concerning the nature of Angels and Spirits, the
matter is otherwife tobe conceived; which neither is in-
Ícrutable, nor interdicted; to which knowledge, from the
affinity it hath with mansfoule; there is a paffage opened.
The Scripture indeed commands, Je: no man deceive you with
fublime difcour[e touching the worfbip of Angels prefsing into
that he knowes not; yet notwithftanding if you obferve well
that precept, you fhall finde there only two things forbid-
den; namely Adorotion of Angels; {uch as is due to God; and
| Phantasti-
or LEARNING: Lis. lil.
id
Phantafticull Opinions of them, either by extolling them a:
bove the degree of acreature; or to extoli a mans know-
ledge of them farther than he hath wwarrantable: ground.
- Butthe fober enquiry touching them, which by the grada-
tions of things corporall, may afcend to the nature of them,
or which may be feen in the Soule of Man, as in a Looking-
glaffe, is inno wife reftrained. The fame may be concluded of
impure and revolted fpirits, the converling with them, and
the imployment of them, is prohibited; much more any ve-
neration towards them; butche Contemplation or Science
of their Nature; their Power; their Illufions; not only from
laces of facred Scripture, but from reafon or experience, is
a principall part of Spirituall wifdome. Bor fo the Apoftle
faith, we are not ignorant of bis Stratagems. And itis no more
unlawfull to enquire, in naturall Theology, the nature of e-
vill Spirits; than to enquire the nature-of Poyfons in Phy-
figiie, or of vices in the Ethiques. But this part of Science
touching Angels and dezenerate fpitits, l cannot note as De-
ficient; for many have imployed their pens in it; Rather
moft of the writers in this kind may be argued either of va:
nity, orfuperftition, or ofun E S ARBOR
2. Cor, à;
Vois SE pe SA a ea a Qi
$e A P, II:
The Partition of Naturall Philofophy into Specalative;and Operas
‘tive. § And that thefetwo, both inthe intention of the writer, and
inthe body of the Treatife,fhould be feparated.
8297 Eavine therefore Naturall Theology (to which we — -
E dA D dis : d
d Eos have attributed the enquiry of Spirits, as an Appen-
tarry dix) we may proceed to the fecond Part, namely
that of Nature, or Naturall ‘Philofophy. Democritus faith rc.
excellently, That the knowledge concerning Nature, lies bid in Senec.
certain deep Mines and Caves. And it is fomewhat to the pur-
i; S3 pole
I40
Paracel.
de Philof,
fagaci.
Or IHE ADVANCEMENT
| pofe, that the Alchimifts doe fo much inculcate, That yulcan
is afecond Nature; and perfe tts that compendiou[ly which Nature
ufeth to effect by ambages and length of time: why thenmay
we not divide Philofophy into two parts; the Mine, and the
Fornace, and make two profefsions, or occupationsof Naz,
turall "Philo[ophers , Pyoners or workers inthe mine, and
Smythess or refiners? Certainly however we may feem to be
conceited, and to {peak in jeft; yet we doe beftallow of a di-
vifioninthat kind, if it be propofed in more familiar and
Scholafticall termes, namely, that the. knowledge of Nature,
be divided into the Inquafition of Caufessand the Production of
Effects, Speculative, and Operative; the one fearcheth the.
bowels of Nature; the other fafhions Nature, as it Weresup-
on the Anvile.
§ Now although I know very well with what a ftrict
band, caufes and effects are united; fo as the explication of
them, muft ina fort be coupled and conjoyned: yet becaufe
all folid and fruitfull Naturall knowledge hath a double,
and that diflinct, cale or ladder; Afcendent and Defcendent;
From Experiments to Axioms; and from Axioms to new Experi- .
ments. judgeit moft requilite, that thefe two parts; Specu-
lative and Operative, be feparate both inthe intention ofthe
writer, and the Body ofthe Treatife.
CAP,
OrLrA&RNING. Liszlll
1. The Partition ofthe Speculative knowledge of Natsre into Phy:
fique fpeciall, and Metaphyfique : Whereof vhyfique enquire:
the Efficient Cau[e, and the Matter: Metaph yfique the fizall Caufe
andthe Forme. YI, The Partition of Phyfique, intothe know-
ledges ofthe Principles of Things; ofthe Fabrique of Things, or
ofthe World, Andof the variety of Things. IL, The Parri-
on,of Phy fique, touching the variety ofthings, intothe Doctrine of
Concretes; and into the Do@trine of Abftracts. The Partition of
the knowledge of Conct:tes, zs referred over to the [ame Partiti-
on which Natural Hiffery Comprehends. IV. The Partition of
the knowledge of Abftracts, into the knowledge of the Schemes
of Matter; andintothe knowledge of Motions. — V. Two Ap-
pendices of Speculative Phyfique; Naturall Problems: And the
Placits of Ancient Philofophers. VI. The Partition of Meta-
phy fique, into the Doétrine of Formes; 4d inte the Doctrine of
Finall Caufes,
BS Hat part of Natarall Philofophy which is Specula-
Wal tess tive and Theoricall, we think convenientto di-
ics vide into Phyfique [peciall; and Metaphyfique.And
in this Partition I defire it may be conceiv ds that we ufe the
word Metaphyfique in a differing fenfe from that, that is re-
ceived, And here itfeemesto fallout not unfitly to adver-
tife in generall of our purpofe and meaning touching the
ufe of words, and Termes of Art. Andit isthis,thatas well
in this word Metaphyfique now deliveredsas in othertermes
of Art, wherefoever our conceptions and notions are new;
and differ from the received; yer with miuch reverence, we
retaine the Ancient termes . For being we lope, that the me-
thod itfelfe, anda perípicuous explication of the Matter
which we labour to annexe; may redime us from an in-
congruous conception ofthe words we ule, we are other-
wife zealous(fo farte as we can without prejudice of Truth
and Sciences ) to depart as litle as may be, from the opini-
ons and exprefsions of Antiquity. And herein I cannot but
marvaile at the confidence of ZAriffotle, who poffeft with a
T3 fpirit
141
142
Toan. 5.
Lucan 1.10;
Annal. x.
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
{pirit of contradiction; and denouncing warre againft all
Antiquity, not only ufurptalicence to coine new termes of
Artsat pleafure; but hath endeavoured to deface and extin-
guifh allancient wildome. Info muchas he nevet names
any ancient Auctors; or makes any mention of their opini-
ons, but to reprehend their Perfons; or toredarguetheir
Placits, and opinions. Certainly if he affected glory, and
drawing difciples after him; hetook the right courfe: For
the fame comes to paffe in the afferting and receiving a
Philofophicall Truth,that doth in a Divine Truth; yezz iz
nomine Patris nec recipitis mes fi quis venerit in nomine [40 cum
recipietis. Butfromthis divine Aphorifme, if we.confider
whom [pecially it hath defigned (namely Antichrift the
greateft Impoftor of all times) we may collect, that the com-
ming in a mans own names Without any regard of Antiquity, or
(GEI may fo {peak ) of Paternity, is no good ,Augurie of
Truth, however it be joyned with the fortune and {uccefle
ofan eumrecipietts. But for Ariftotle,certainly an excellent man,
and of an admirable profound wit, I fhoitld eafily be induced to
believe. that be learned this ambition of bis Scheller, whom per-
baps he did emulate: that if one conquered all Nations. the other
would conquer all Opinions and rai[e to himfelfe a kind of Monar-
chy in contemplations. Although it may fo fall out,that he may
at fome mens hands that are ofa bitter difpofition, and bite-
ing language, get alike title, as his Scholler did;
Felixterrarum Predo,non utile Mundo
Editw exemplum. ----- So
Felix Doétrine Prado (2c. But to us on the other fide that
doe defirefo muchas lies in the power of our penne, to con-
tracta league and commerce between Ancient & Moderne
knowledges, our judgement ftands firme, to keep way with
Antiquity, u[á, ad Aras, and co retaine the Ancient termes,
though fometimes we alter their Sence, and Definitions.
according tothe moderate and approved manner of Inno-
vation, in Civile Goverment; where the ftate of things be-
ing changed, yet thefolennity of words, and ftiles is obfer-
ved which Tacitus notes, Eadem Magislratuum vocabula.
$ To
of LEARNING. Lis. IIL. 143
§ Toreturnethereforeto the acception of the word
Metaphyfique, in our fence. Itappears by that which hath
bin already faid, that we diftinguifh Primitive Philofophy,
from Metaphyfique, which heretofore hath bin confounded
and taken forthe fame thing. The one we have fet downe
as a commune Parent of all Sciences; the other, as. a portion of
N.turall Philofophy. We have afsign’d Common and Pro-
mifcuous Axioms of Sciences, to Primitive Phil [opby. Like.
wifeall Relative and Adventive condicions and Characters of
Effences, which we have named Tran[cendents; as Multitude;
Paucity, Jdentity, Diver fitys Poffible Tmpoffible, and fuch like; -
we have attributed tothe fame, only with this Provifo,that
they be handled as they have efficacy in: nature;and not Los
gically. But we have veferred the inquity concerning God,
Unity, Bonitys Angels, Spirits,to Natarall Theology. : Where-
fore now it may rightly be demanded, what after all this is
remaining to Metaphyfique! certainly beyond natures no-
thing; but of nature it felfe che moft excellent part. ‘And ins
deed without prejudice to Truth, we may thus fatre con.
curre with the opinion and conceipt of Antiquity; that Phy-
fique only handleth that which is inherent in matter, and is
moveable; Metaphyfique things mote abftracted and fixt. A-
gainethat Poyfique fuppofeth exiftence only and Motion,
and naturall Necefsity: but Metaphyfique the Mind alfo, the
Idea or platforme. Forto this point perchancethe matter
comes, whereof we fhalldifcourfe. But we willpropound
this differences (leaving afide the fublimity of fpeech)perfpi-
cuonfly and familiarly. We have divided Natural Philofo-
py inco the Inquifition of caufes,and the production of ef-
fects. The inquiry of caules we have referred to the T heo-
ricall part of Philofophy; which we have divided into Phy-
fique and Metaphyfique. wherefore by neceflary conleauence
the true difference of thefetwo Theoryes, mult betaken
from the natute ofthe Caufes which they enquire; fo with.
out all obfcurity or circuit, Phyfigne isthat which enquires
of the efficient caufe; and of the Matter; Metaphyfique, that
which enquires of the Forme and end.
Phyfique
———
144. Or THE ADVANCEMENT-:
Il Phyfique therefore comprehends Caufes variable
andincertaine and according to the nature of che fubject
moveable and changing, and attaines not a fixt conftancy of
' Caufes. | aW: u
Limus ut hic durefcit ,4 hac ut cara liquefcit.
Vno eodemque igni---— iun TT
Fire is caufeof induration ; but re{pective taclay ; Fire is
caufe of colliquation, but refpective to waxe.We will divide
‘Phifique into three Knowledges : For Nature is either uni-
ted and collected into one; or diffuíed and diftributed : Na-
ture is collected into one either in. refpect of the common
Seeds and Principles of all things, or inrefpect of the extire,to-
tall Fabrique of the univerfe. This union of Nature hath
brought forth two Parts of Phyfiquesone of the Principles of
Things ; the otherofthe Fabrique ofthe Univerfe, or of the
World ; which we ufe to callthe Doctrines of Summes or
Totalls, The third Knowledge which handles Nature difffedsor
fcattered exhibites all the variety of things, & the lefler Summes
or Totalls. Wherefore from thefe contemplations itis plain-
ly manifeft, that there arethree Knowledges touching Na-
turall Philofophy , of the Principles of things; of the world ; ev of
the Fabrique of thing. Of Nature multiplicious or fparfeds
which laft Part, (as we have faid ) containes all the variety
of things, and is,as it weresthe firft Glofle,or Paraphafe tou-
ching the INTERPRETATION Or Natvre Of thefe three
Partssnone is wholly DEgicieNT ; but in what truth and
Perfection theyare handled;Imake not now my judgment.
III But we willagain divide Phy fique distinctively foxted,
or of the variety of thingssinto two Parts;into Pbyfique of con-
erets,and into Phyfique of Abftratts: or into Phyfique of Crea.
tyres , and into Phyfique of Natures. The one(toufe the
termes of Logique) inquires of $u/fZances with all the va-
riety of their Adjunéts, the other of Accidents, or Adjunés
through all the variety of fubftances. For example , if the in-
quiry be of a Lion,or of an Oak,thele are fupported by many
and diverte Accidents: Contrariwife if the inquiry be made
of Heate,or Heavine/fe ,thefe are in many diftinét fubftances:
And
Virg./En.8
or L&aRNiING. Lis; III.
Andfeeing all P5yfrque or Natural! Philofophy is fituate in a
midle terme; betweene Natural) Hiffory and. Metaphyfique,
the firft part (if you obferve it well) comes neerer to Natu-
rall History ;the later part neerer to Met aphyfique,Concret Phy-
fique hath the fame Mot which Natural Hiftory hath;
fothatitis a knowledge either concerning the Heavens ;
or concerning Meteors ; or concerning the G/o£e of the earth
and Sea; or concerning the greater Collegiates , whichthey
call the Elements,or concerning the le(Jer Collegiatessor natures
fhecifique{olikewile concerning Pretergenerations;and con-
cerning Mechaniques. For in all thee Natural Hiffory in-
quires and reports the fact itfelfe; but Phyfiquesthe Caufes
likewife;but you muft conceive this of fluidsnot fixtCaules,
that issof matter and ofthe efficient.
$ - Amongftthefe Portions of. Phyfique, that Part £t alto-
gether maimed and imperfect which enquires of (,cleffiall bodies;
which notwithftanding , for the excellency of the Subject,
ought to betaken into {peciall confideration.For Astronomy
itis indeed not without fome probability and ule grounded
upon the Phzgemena but it is vulgar;bafe;and no way folid:
Bus Astrology in many Circumftances hath no ground at all.
jnitrutb Astronomy prefents {uch a facrifice to Mans under-
ftanding,as once Prometheus didswhen he wentaboutto co-
zen Jupitersfor inftead ofa trues{ubftantiall Oxe ; he prefen-
ted the hide of agreatand faire Oxe ftuft, and fer out with
firaw,leaves, and Ofier twigs; £o inlike manner A/frono.
my exhibiteth the extrinfique Parts of Celeftiall Bodies,
(namely the Number, Situation,;Motionsand Periods of the
ftarres)as the Hide of Heaven, faire and artificially contrived
into Syftemes; and Schemes ; but the Entrals are wanting,
thatis,sPhyfcall reafonssout of which(adjoyning Aftronomi-
call Hypothefes )the Theory fhoüld be extracted , not fuch
grounds and fuppofitions as fhould only fave che Phenomes
na { of which kind a number may be wittily devifed) bur
fuch as propound the fubftance, motion and in! luxe of the
Heavens , asthey thiey truly are innature. Forthofe Dog-
Maes and Paradoxes are almolt vanifht,élong agoe explo-
ded;
p
146 Or THE ADVANCEMENT
adverfi. Ey- 0f 4 Parlour). And other opinions;not much better, as, that
cli. Excent. there aye diverfe Poles of the Zodvack,and of the world; that there
Hypotbises i- fir ft Moveable, that all parts of the firmament are turned about by
CAP wer fect circles sthat there are Eccentriques and Epicycles, to fave:
videre. the conftancy of Motion by perfect circles; that the Moone bath no
forte or influence upon a body fuperior to it, and the like. And
the abfurdity of thefe fuppofitions, hath caft men upon that
opiniofis of the Diurnall Motion of the Earth; an opinion which
wecan demonstrate to be mof] falfe. But {carce any man canbe
found, who hath made enquiry ofthe Naturall Caufes of the
fubStance of the heavens, aswell Stellare, as Jnter-ftellare;{o of
the /wiftnelfe and [lownefJe of heavenly bodies, refor d one to ano-
ther; alfo of the various incitation of Motion in the fame Planet,
likewife of the perpetuated courfe of Motionfrom Eaft te Weft,
and the contrary: Laftiy of Progrefions;ftations and Retrogra-
dations, of the Elevation and Declination of Motions,by the Apo-
gée, or middle point, and Perigée or lowelt point of beauen; fo of
the oblique windings of Motions either by flexuousSpires weaving
and unweaving themfelves, a they make their approach or receffe
fromtbe Tropiques; or by ferpentine finuations » which they call
Dragons;fo of the fixt Poles of Rotations or wheeling motions why
they [bould be placed in fuch a point of the heavens ,rather than in
any other; {0 of the alligation of [ome Planets at a certain di-
(tance fiom the Sunne: (ay an inquiry of this kind, hath
fcarce bin attempted; fave that fome labour hath bin taken
therein, only in Mathematicall obfervations and Demon-
ftrations. Butthefe obfervations only fhew how wittily all —
thefe motions may be contrived; andcleered from oppofiti-
on; not how they may truly fubfift in Nature; and reprefent
only feeming Motions, and their fictitious Fabrique, and
framed at pleafure; not their caufes, and the: reall truth of
Things. wherefore Affrosomie, fuch asnow itis made, may
well be counted inthe number of Mathematicall Arts, not
without great diminutionof the Dignity thereof; feeing it
ought
» Or LEagNiN'.: Lis: Il.
ought rather (ifit would maintaine its own right) be con-
ftitute abranch,& that moft principall of Naturall Philofo-
phy. For who ever fhall reject the fained: Divorces of fuperlu»
nary and (ublutary bodies;and hall intentively ob[erve the ap-
petencies of Matter, andthe moft smiver(all. Paffions, (which in
either Globe are exceeding Potenty, and tran[verberate the uni-
ver[all nature of things) he fhallreceive cleer&: information eon-
cerning celeftiall matters fromthe things cen here with w: and
contrariwife from thofe motions which are prattifed in heaven, he
fhaillearne many objervations which now are latent, touching the
motions of bodies bere below. notonly fo. farre as thefe.inferiour
anotions are moderated by fuperiour, but in regard they have a
mutuallintercour{e by pa[sions cómmontotbém both. Wherefore
this part of A/fronomie which is naturall we fer downe as
Dericienr,: And this we will call Lineing Aftronomy,to
diftinguifliit from Prometbews Oxe {tuft wich (trav; which
was an Oxe in outward fhape only. Xu :
4$. But Affrologie. is corrupted with much fuperflition fo
asthere is hardly to be found any found [part therein... Yet
in out judgement itfhould rather be purged, than-clean caft
away. Butif any contend that this fciénce.is nor grounded
upon reafon, and Phyficall contemplations, but in blind ex-
perience, and the oblervation of many Ages; and therefore
reject a triall by naturall Arguments (which the Chaldee A-
ftrologers boalted) he may by the fame reafon revoke Au-
guries, Divination, and Predictions from: beafls entralls;
and fwallow downe all kind of Fables, for all thefe fuper:
flitious vanities wereavoucht as the Dictates of long - expe-
rience, and.of Difcipline delivered over» by tradition. But
we doeboth accept Affrologie; as a Portionof Naturall Phi+
lofophy; and yet attribute untoit no more credit, than rea-
fon and the evidence of Particulars doe evince; fecting afide
fuperftitions and fictions. And that we maya litle more fe-
xioully confider the matter... TS |
i$, Firft what avainefancy ts this that every Planet (bould
raigne for certain houres by turns fo asin tbe fpace of twentyfoure
howers, they (bould refyme their Dominions thrice over beo fie
diea fi june
147
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
SS a Pe e oe
pernumerary bowers veferved? Yet this conceit brought forth
untous the Divifion of the week, a computation very anci-
ent, and generally received, as from the interchangeable
courfe of daies moft manifeftly it appears; when in the be-
gining of che day immediatly fucceeding, the fourth Planet
from the Planet of the firft day, enters upon his Goverment,
by reafon of the three fupernumerary howres, whereof we
have {poken. |
§ Againwe are confident to reject, as an idle fitHions the do-
étrine of Genethliacall Pofitures of tbe heavens, to precife points
of time: with tbe Distribution ofthe Howfes;thote fame darlings
in Aftrologie, which havemade fuch madde work in the
Heavens; nor can [fufficiently wonder that many excellent
men, and for Aftrology of Principall note, fhould ground
themíelves upon fo flight reafons;to avouch fuch opinions.
For they fay, feeing that experience it felfe difcovers as
much, that Solftices, /Equinoétialls, new Moone, full Mooness
and thelike greater revolutions of ftarres, doe manifeftly and
notably work upon naturall Bodies ; it muft needs besthat
the more exact, and {ubrile afpe& and pofture of the ftarres,
fhould produce effects more exquifite and occult. Butthe
fhould firft exceptthe Sunnes operations by manifeft heat;
and likewifes the magnetique influence of the Moone, upon
the increafe of Tides every halfe Moone (for the daily'Fluxe
and Refluxe of the Sea; is another thing;) But thele fet afide,
the other powers of the Planets upon naturall bodies (fo
farre as they are confirmed by experience) is flender and
weak, and, which they fhall finde, latent in the greater Re-
volutions. Wherefore they fhould rather argue the other
way, namely, thatfeeing thole greater Revolutions, have fo
{mall influence, chofeexatt and minute differences of Pofitures
have noforcearalloso 0 |
§ Thitdly, Thofe Fatalities, that the bower of Natrvity or
conception governs the Birth. The bower of inception,the fortune
of the thing begunne; the hower of Queftion, the fortune of the
thing enquired; and jin a word,the ference of Nativities, EletHi-
ens, Queftions, and uch like levities;in owe judgement, have no
» certainty
Or Learnine, Lis, IIL
certainty or folidity inthem , and may by naturall reafons be
plainly redarguedand evinced. The pointto be {pokenof ra-
ther, is, what that is which we retaineand allow of in A-
ftrologie, and in that which we doe allowswhat is defici-
ent? for, for this end; thatis, for the obfervation of Defici-
ents, we undertook this work; not intending (as we have
often faid) matter of cenfure. And indeed amongft the re-
ceiv'd parts of Affrologie, the Do&trines of Revolutions wee
judge to have more foundneffe inthem,than the reft. But it
may be to good purpofe, to fet downeand prefcribe certain
Rules, by the {cale and fquare whereof Afrologicall Obfer-
vations may be examined ; that what is fruitfull may be re-
tain'd; what is frivolous rejected.
§ The firft Precept may be that whereof we have ad-
monifht already ; let the greater “Revolutions be retained ; the
lejfer Horoftopes and How[es caffeerd .. Thofe like Great Ordi-
nance may difcharge their influences, at a fpacious remote-
neffe;thefe like fmall Bowes , are fora fhortdiftance, and
carry not their forces farre.The (econd rule ts, That the operati-
on of the Heavens workes not on all bodies) but only uponthe more
tender and penetrable; {uch as are Humors, Aer; Spirits: but
~ here we except the Operations of the beate ofthe Sun and of
the Heavens, which without queftion pierce even to Met-
tals,and many fubterraneous Bodies. The third rule issthat the
Operation of the Heavens extends rather tothe Maffe of things
and Nature in gro[Je 5 than unto individuall effences , and parti-
cwlarities , yet obliquely it reacheth to many Individualls,
namely, thofe Individuates which ofthe fame {pecies are
moft Pafiible and ate like foft waxe ¢ even as when a Pefti-
lentiall aire feizeth on bodies more open and leffe refiftent;
and paffeth by Bodies more compact and fttong . The fourth
rule is, fomtwhat likethe precedent ; That the Operation of
the Heavens hath its inflaxe and dominion not in points and nar-
rowminutes of times, but in greater fps . Therefore Progno-
flications of the temperatures of the yeare may be true; but
upon particular daies , are worthily accounted vaine and 1-
dle. The Jaftrule, (which by the more wife Aftrologers hath
T 3 bia
150
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
bineverimbraced) is, That there is nofatall nece[fity inthe
Starves but that they doe incline rather than enforce . Wee adde
this moreover (wherein we plainly take part with Affrolo.
£yjif it were rectified ) and which we know tobe moft cer-
taine ; That Celeffiall bodies bave other influences befides beate
and light; which influences are of force according to the
Rules we have prefcribed, and no otherwife ; But thefe lie
hidde in the profound Parts of Naturall,Philofophy,and re-
quire a larger differtation. Wherefore we think good (that
which we have faid being rightly conceived)to fet downe, _
Affrologic agrecable to our Principles , amongft Derici-
ENTS, and as we have named Affronomie grounded upon
naturall reafons, Living Aftronomie ; fo we think fitto call
Aftrologie aícertain'd upon the fame reafons, Sound Aftrolo-
gie . Asforthe right way how to frame and make this Art,
although what we have {aidsdoth nota litle conduce there-
to, yetaccording to our manner , we willaddeafew more
obfervations which fhall cleerly propouud, out of what
materialls it fhould be collected , and to what. end it fhould
be referred. | |
$ Firft, let the knowledge touching the Commixtures of
Beames be receiy’d into found Aftrologie, that is of Conjuncti-
ons,and of Opofitions, and the reft of the conftellations , or
Alpeéts of Planets , oneonanother. Ajfowe affigne to this
part concerning the Commixtures of Beams, the paffing of
the Planets through the fignes ofthe Zodiaque; and Poft-
tion under the fame fignes : For the location of a Planet un-
der any figne , isa kind of Conjunction of the fame Planet
with the Starres of the fignes « Moreover as Conjunctions,
fo likewife Oppofitions and other Conftellations of Pla-
nets towardsthe Starres of the fignes,are to be noted, which
hitherto hath not perfectly bin accomplifht .. “But the inter-
changeable (ommixtures of the Rayes of the fixt ftarres, are
indeed profitableto the. Contemplation of the Fabrique of
the world, and of the Nature of the Regions lying under
them; but net unto Predittions, becaufethefe A(pects are.c-
verthe fame. ©: am id i
* Secondly
C
OrLearnine. Lig. IIb
§ Secondly let there be taken into Aftvologie the acceffions
of every particular *P lanet ncever tothe Perpendicular , and Re-
ce/ fons from it accor ding to the Climates of Regions. For all the
Planets as well asthe Sun; have their fummers , their win-
cers, wherein they dart downe more forcible , or more fee-
blerayes;according to their pofture in refpect of the Perpen-
dicular.For without queftion ; the Moone in Leo works more
forcibly upon naturall bodies here below; than when fhe is
in Pifces : Not becaufe the Moone placed in Leo, hath refe-
rence to the Heart ; and under Pijces reípectsthe Feet; (as
the vulgar Fable goes); for their Elevation towards the Per-
pendicular and Approximation towards the greater flarres;
juft after the fame manner as the Sun,
§ Thirdly, lettbe Apogea, and Perigea of the Planets be
received with due inquiry,towhat the vigor of a Planet apper-
tatnes in refpe & of bim[zlfe; and towhat in his vicinity tow . For
à Planet in his Apogea 5 or exaltation is more cheerfull , and
active; but in his Perigea or declenfion more comunicative.
“So the Sun inhis Elevation when hee enters the Tropick
* of Canceris in heate more recollected and vigorous ; but
* when he falls off from the Meridian;as in Capricorne, hee
* is more faint,yet more difperfed in his influence. For in his
* Afcenfion ,he is not only neerer to che fixed ftarres ; but his
* beamsthen falling at more'equall and right anglessbecome
* more united ; and by a direct refultance from the earth in-
*termixe, and fo reduplicate their force; whereasin his de-
* clenfionsthey are oblique, & therefore feeble and errant in
*refle&ion. Wherefore with the Inhabitants under theEqua-
-torsthe heat is more intenfe;than it is with Northern Con-
* finers, where the Sun daily keeps his circuit neer about the
* Horizon: But yet in this Perigean motionsthe Suns beams
“are more communicative,though leffe active ; becaufe de-
“parting from tliepoint of their incidence inthe rebound;
*theit reflection is oblique and difperfed. 'This enquiry tou-
“chingthe projection of beames in a right or oblique line;
“would be made with diligence, for it concernes all the in-
* fluences of the heavens upon terrene bodies ; the generall
con-
151
Interpret
additamt;
kis
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
eee te SMM ER ANON ec TT NE aT Ee V
* conftitution of the yeare ; the diverfe temperatures of the
«ire inthe five Zones,the complexion of different Climates
* and the like.
$ Fourthly to be briefe let there be taken in all the remain-
ing Accidents of tbe motion of Planets; as what ave the Accelera-
tions, Retardations ,Progre|[essStatiousyRetrogradatienssof eve-
one of them in their courfes what their diftance from the
Sunne, their CombuStions, Encreafe, and Diminutions of Light,
Ecclipfes, and whatfoever elfe of this nature? For all thefe
caufesthat the Beames of the Planets doe work more ftrong-
ly,or more weakly, and after diverfe waies and diftin&
virtues: Andthefe foure obfervations, belong to the Radia-
tions of ftarres.
$ Fiftly, lecthere bereceived in, whatfoever may any
way, open and difclofe the natures of ftarres Errant or Fixt,
in their proper effence and activity, as what is their Magni-
tude, of what collour and afpect; what Scintillation and Ci-
bration of light; what Situation towards the Poles or /Equi-
noétiall; what Afferifines; which are more mingled with o-
ther ftarres; which are more folitarie ; which are fuperior,
which inferior; which of the fixt ftarres are within the lines
and courfeofthe Sunneand Planets (namely within the
Zodiaque) which without; whichofthe Planets is more
fifi sv hich more flow, which may move inthe &cliptique line,
which may expatiate in latitude from 1c; what Planet may
be retrograde which not; what Planet may be at any diftance
from the Sunne, which is tiedto attend the Sunne; which |
moves Íwifter in Apogéo, which in Perigéo; to concludethe
Irregularities of Mars; the expatiations of “Venus, the won-
derfull Labours or Pafsions, which are often found in the
Sunne,and in Venus, and the like? |
6 Laftofall, let there be taken into. AStrologie, even
from tradition the Particular Natures; and. Inclination of
Planets, as alfo of fixt ftarres; which feeing they are delive-
red over with fuch an. univerfall confent, they are not light-
ly to be rejected; but where they croffe the grounds and rea-
fons of naturall Principles. And of .fuch obfervations as
thefe
of LEARNING. Lis. lil.
thele, found Aftrologie is compiled; and according to thefe
only, fhould the Schemes and configurations of Heaven, be
compofed and interpreted. Sound Aftrologie is likewife ap-
plied and referred with more confidence to Prediétions, to
Elections, with more Caution within .due limits to both,
“Prediétions may be made of future (‘omets , which as we
conjecture may be foretold; and of all forts of Meteors, of
Deluges, Draughts; Heates, Conglaciations, Earth-q uakes,
ore flowing of waters; breaking out of Fires, Windes, great
Raines; divers Tempefts; and ftrange feafons of the Yeare;
Peftilences , Epidemicall difeafes ; Plenty , and dearth of
Graine; Warres ,Seditions; Sects, Plantations of new Colo-
nies; laftly of all commotions and greater Innovations, ei-
therin Nature, or in State-Geyerment:so thefe predictions
may be drawn downe (though not with like certainty) to
more fpeciall occurrences, and perchance to fingularities. if the
generall inclinations of {uch times and feafons, being firft
difcovered and found out, thefe be applied by a fharpe pier-
cing judgement Philofophicall or Politicall, to fpeciall or
more particular events, which may be moft fubjeét to fuch
Accidents. As for example, a man fhall find out from a fore-
fight of the feafons of the yeare, {uch temperatures of wea-
ther, as are propitious or pernitious ratherto Olives, than to
Vines; ratherto Phthifiques,and ulcerations of the Longues,
than to Hepatiques and obftruétions of the liver, more to the
inhabitants of high and montainous; than low and cham-
pane Countries; moreto Monkes,than Courtiers, by reafon
of their different kind of diet .. Or if one fromthe know-
ledgehehath of the influences the Heavens have over the
fpitits of men; fhould find out a man tobe of fucha com-
plexionand difpofition; toaffe& or diftaft rather the peo-
ple then Princes; rather learned and curious, than couragi-
ousand warlike difpofitions; rather fenfualland volupta-
ous; than active and. politique. natures. Such inftances as
thefe are idfinite, but (as we have faid) they requirenot on-
dy that generall knowledge, taken fromthe ftarres,which ate
"Active; butalío a particular knowledge of Subjects which
js are
E.
ae
*
Or IHE ApVANCEMENT
arePaísive. orare Elections altogether to be rejected but
more fparingly to be credited, than Preditkions. For we fee
in Planting and in Sowing and in Grafting, that the obfer-
vation of the age of the Moone is a matter, not altogether
vaine and frivolous. But thefe Elections, are by our rules
more reftrainedthan Predictions: and this muft ever be ob-
ferved, that Eleétions are of force, in {uch cafes aloneswhere ;
both the Fufluxe of the Heavens is fuch; as doth not fodainly
pafle over; and likewifethe Aétion of Fnferiour Bodies fuch,
as is not prefently perfected: for neither the Encreafes of the
Moone; not of the Planets are accomplifht in an inftant. but
Punétuality of time, is by all means to be rejected. There
are found many ofthe like precife obfervations ( whicha
man would hardly believe) in €/eétions about Civile af-
faires. Butifany man in this cafe fhall except againft us,
{aying, that we have indeed made fome remonftrance out
of what this reformed Aftrologie fhould be deduced; and like-
wifeto what it may with profit be referred : butthe man-
ner howit isto be deduced, we have given no precept at
all; he fhould not deale equally with us, to exact at our
hands the Artit felfe; which we never promifed, nor pur-
pofed to handle. Yet notwithftanding touching fuch a
point of Demand, thus much we willadmonifh, that there
are only foure means; which may prepare the way to this
" knowledge.Fzrff by Experiments futurethen by Experiments
pat, againe by Tradition, laft of all by naturall Reafons. Now
for future Experiments, to what end fhould we {peak much
of them? {eeingto make up a competent number of Jnftan-
ces, fo many ages are requifite, asit were,but loft labour, to
think to comprehend it? Asfor Experiments paftsthey indeed
are withinthe compaffe and reach of men, although it isa
matter will require much labour, and much leafure to ac-
-complifh. For Aftrologians (if they be not wanting totheir
Profefsion) may makea colle&ion fromthe faithful re-
ports of Hiftory, of all greater contingences; as Inwndations,
Peftilences; Warres; Seditions, and (if the ftate fo require) the
deaths of Kings: and may contemplate the fisuation of the
1 Heavens,
"'Or Learnine. Lisi III.
Heavens; not according to the fubtletie of Figures; but ac-
cording to thofe generall rules which we have already fcc
downe; to know in what poftures the Heavens were , at
thofe times, when fuch effects came to paffe; that fo were
there is a cleere, and evident confent; and concurrence of e-
vents; there a probable rule of Prediction may be inferred.
As for Traditions, they ought to be fo examined and fifteds
that {uch as manifeftly oppugne Phyficall Reafons, fhould be
difcarded, but fuch as well confent, fhould be valide even
oftheir own authority. Laftly. as for Phyficall or Naturall
rea[ons they are the apteft for this inquiry; which make in-
quiry of the Catholique and more univerfall inclinations
and PafSions of Matter; and of the fimple and genuine mo-
tions of Bodies; for by thefe wings we {afely foare and
mount up to thofe celeftiall materiate: fubftances. ‘Thus
much concerning Aftrologia fana. ^ |
8. Theretk another Portion of Aftrologicall Frenzie (befides
thofe figmets which we have noted at the begining) which
is wont to be feperate from Affrologie , and to be transfer-
red into Celeftiall Magique;as they callit. This hath purcha-
fed a ftrange Gloffe, from the working fanfie of mans wit,
155
namely That a benevolent fituation or Ajpett of [Larres, may be C.Agtip.
taken in feales and fignet-rings (be it of Mettalls or of any d Occult.
Gemme, capable of [uch impre[sion) which may arrefl the felicity
of that hower , which otberwife would [wifily pafJe away , and as it
were; fixe itrbeing volatilow. As the Poet pafsionately com-
plaines of this fo noble Art, among the Ancients, now long
agoe buried in oblivion.
Annulus infufo non vivit mirus Olympo.
Non magus ingentes bumili fub lumine Phebos
Fert Gemma, aut (Celfo divulfas cardine lunas.
Indeed the Churchof Romie hath imbraced the Reliques
of Saints,and their virtues, (forin Divine and immateriate
things, the luxe of time hath no. power to abate the force
and efficacy.) but thatthe Reliques of Heaven fhould be fo
lodged, as that the hower whichis paft, and, as it were,
dead, fhould revive and be continued; is a meere fuperftiti-
u 2 Orts
156
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
. emandinpofture. Wherefore letus let goe thefe idle fancies
unleffe the Mules be grown doting old wives.
IV. <Abftra& Phyfiquesn our judgement, may very well be
divided intotwo Parts, intothe Dotirine ofthe Schemes of Mat-
ter; and into the dottrine of Appetites or Motions. We will
runne them both over briefly, from whence the delineati-
ons of the true Phyfique of Abflracts may be drawen. The
Schemes of Matter ate; Denfes Rare ; Grave, Light, Hot, Cold;
Tangible , Pneumatique; Volatile, Fixt; Determinate, Fluid;
Humid, Drie; Fat, Crude, Hard, Sof Fragile, Tenfile ; Porous,
United; Spirituouss Languid; Simple, Compofite ; Abfolute, im-
perfettly Mixt; Fibrous and full of veines, of a (imple Pofiture
or equall; Similare Difimilare; Specificate Non-fpecificate, Or-
ganicall Jnorganicall Animate Fnanimate. Neither doe we
extend the figurations of Matter any farther; for Senfible and
Infenfible; Rationalland Irrationall, we referretothe know-
ledgeof Man. DIEM Suk
§ Appetites and Motions, are of two forts, either motions
fimple “which containe in them the Roots of all naturall
Actions; but yet according to. the Schemes and babitudes of
Matter: or Motions compofited and Produtted, from which
laft, che received Philofophy of the Times( which compre-
hends litle of the body of Nature) takes its begining. But
{uch Compound Motions (as Generation (Corruption , and the
reft) fhould be taken for the Summes and Produéts of fimple
‘Motions; ratherthan for Primitive Motions, Motions fimple,
are motions of Antitypie, commonly called Motion oppofing
“Penctration of Dimenfions; Motion of Connexion, or (_ontinui-
ty, which they call, Motion toavoid vacuity; Motion of Li-
berty, leaft there fhould be any comprefsiom or extenfion
preternaturall; Motion into a wem {pheare, or to Rarefaction
and Condenfation, Motion of afecond connexionsor a motion
Jeaft there fhould bea folution of continuity; Motion of grea-
ter Congregation, orto the Maffe of their connaturalls which
as commonly called Naturall Motion, Motion of leffer Con-
Lregationsulually ftiled, Motion of Sympathy and of Anti-
pathy; Motion Di(ponent, or that parts may be rightly placed
in
Or Learninc. Lr. LL |
in the whole»Motios of A fimilatton, ox of Multiplication of
its Nature upon an other; Motion of Excitation , where the
more noble and vigorous agent awaketh, and flirresu
Motion latent and dormant in an other; Motion of the Seale
or of Jmjpre[fon chat is, Operation without Communication
of Subftance; Motion Regal, or a Cohibition of other Moti-
tions from a Motion Predominant; Motign witbou; Termina-
tio, or Spontaneous Rotation ; Motion of Trepidation , or of
Contraction & Dilatation of Bodies placed betwixt things
good forthem,and obnoxious to them ; Jaf7]y Motion of Ref?
or abhorrency of Motion , which is the Caufe of many things.
Of this kind are fmple Motions which truly iffue forth out of
the inward bowels of Nature; which complicate ; conti-
nuate,interchang’d reprefs’dsrepeated,and many waies ag-
_gregated, doe confticute thole Compofite Motions or Summes
of Motions,which are receiv'd , and {uch other of the fame
kind. The Summes of Motions arethofe Celebrated Motions,
Gener ation; Corruption; Augmewtaiton, Diminution , Alterations
and Lation;fv Mixtion;Separation, Ver fon.
$. Thereremaiues only as Appendices of Phyfique,the Mea-
fures of Motions , of whatefficacy the Quantity, or Dofe of
Nature is 2. What distance can doe, which is called, not un-
properly ,the orbe of Virtue or Activity ? What incitation or
Tardity;can efke&? What a long or fhort delay? what tbe force or
vebatement of athing? What tbe in[Higation of Periftafie ox cir-
cummambient inclofure? And thefe are the naturall and ge-
nuine Parts of true naturall Philofophy, touching Abftratts
For inthe figurations , or Schemes of Matter; iw Motions fimple;
Infummes or Agregations of Motions , and in Meafures of Mo-
tionssthe Phyfique of Abftraéts is accomplifbt. As for voluntary
Motion in Animals;Motionin the Actions of Sentes ; Moz;-
on of the Tmaginationsof the Appetite,and of the will ; Motion of
the mind.of the difcerning facultie or Practique ludgment;and
of the Intelleétuals , we referre over totheir proper Know-
ledges. Yet thus much againe we advertife , that all chefe Parti-
xulars we have delivered, are no farther to be handled in
f Phyfique thanthe enquiry of their Matter and Efficient; for
U3 according
153
Ariftot.
Probl.
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
according to their Formes and Ends they are revifed and re-
examined in Metaphyfique.
V Wewill here annexe two notable Appendices, which
have reference not fo much tothe Mattersas to the Manner
of Inquiry; Natarall Problemes; and Placits of Ancient Philo-
faphers . The firft is the Appendix of multiplied or fparfzd Na-
ture;the fecond of Nature united or of fummes.Both thefe be-
long toa grave and circum{pect moving of doubts , which is
no meane Part of Knowledge : For Problemes comprehend
Particular Dubitations; Placits,generall; about Principles
and the Fabrique. Of Problemes there is an excellent ex-
ample in the writing of cAriffotle ; which kind of
worke certainly deferv’d not only to have bin celebrated
by Pofterity;but by their labours to have bin continued; fee-
ing new doubts arife daily. But in this point Caution is to be
taken,and that of great Importance. The recording and pro-
pofing of Doubts hath in it a two-fold ufe : One, that it mu-
nites and fortifies Philofophy againft errors s when that
which is not altogether fo cleere and evident is not defin’d
and avouched, (left error fhould beget error)but a judgment
upon it is fufpended,and is not definitive. The other thatthe
entrie of Doubis,and recording of them,are fo many Sponges
which continually fuck and draw in unto them an increafe
and improvement of Knowledge; whereby it comes to
paffe tha: thofe things, which without the fuggeftion of
Doubts had bin flightly, and without obíervation pafled o-
ver, are by occafion of fuch Dubitations, more ferioufly and
attentively confidered Buzthele two utilities {carce recom-
pence one difcommodity , which unleffe it be carefully
- lookt untosinfinuateth it felfe, namely, That.a Doubt once ac-
knowledged asjuftly made and. become, as it were autbentique;
prefently (Heres up defendants botbwaies ; who in like manner
commend oper the (ame liberty of doubting to Pofteritie, fothat
men bend and apply their wits rather to keepe a doubt frill on foot,
than to determine and folve it. Jnftances of this cafe we have
every where, bothin Iurifconfults; and in Students in the
Univerfities; whoif they have once entertain d a Doubt, it
goes
OrLzanNIwG. Lis. IIL
goesever after authoriz d for a Doubt , affuming untothem-
felves a Priviledge as: well of Dubitation , as of Affzrtion :
Whereas whe right ufe of Reafon ts, to makethings doubtful cer-
taine; and not to call things certaine into doubt . Wherefore T re-
port as Deficient a (Calendar of Dubitations , or Problemes in
Nature, and approve the undertaking of fucha worke, asa
profitable paines ; fo care be had hat as knowledge daily
grows up,(which certainly will come to paffe if men hear-
kenunto us) fuch Doubt; as be cleerly difcuft , and brought
to refolution, be raced out of the Catalogue of Problemes . To
this Calendar, | would have another annext noleffe ufefull:
For feeing that in all Enquiriessthere be found thefethree forts
of things, things manifeftly true, Doubrfull ; manife/ily falfe ; Te
would be a very profitable courfe to adjoyne to the Calendar
of Doubtssand Non-liquets, a Calendar of Fal/boods, and of po-
pular Errors,now palling unargued in Naturall Hiftory, and
in Opinions,that Sciences be no longer diftemper d and em-
bafed by them. Je Nik 5
§ As for tbe Placits of Ancient pbilofopbers,as were thofe
of Pythagoras, Philolaw, Xenophon , Anaxagoras , Parmenides,
Leucippus ,Democritus,& others, (which men ufe difdainfully
to runne over) itwillnotbe amiffeto caftour eyes with
more reverence upon them . For although AriStotle after the
manner of the race of the Ottomans y thought-he could not fafely
raignesunle[Je be made away all his Brethren ; yetto thofe who
ferioufly propound to themfelves the inquifition and illu-
{tration of Truth, and not Dominion or Magistrality it can
not but feeme a matter of great profit , to fee at once before
them,the feverall opinions of feverall Auctors touching the
Natures of things. Neither is this for'any great hope con-
ceiv‘d chat a more exaéttruth can any waybe expected from
thefe or fromthe like Theories.For as the (ame Phoenomena;
the fame Calculations axe fatisfied upon the Aftronomicall
Principles both of Pzolomy and Copernicus : Sorhe popular
experience we imbrace; and the ordinary view and face of
things, may apply itfelfeto many feverall Theories; where-
as aright inveftigation of truth requires another manner
of
159
Ariftet, :
160
Phyf.1.
De Anti-
quis Philo-
fophiis.
"Tacit.
Sueton.
Or Tue ADVANGEMENT
of feverity and {peculation. For as Arzslotle faith clegantiy,
That Children at firft indeed call all men. Fathers and women
Mothers but afterwards they diftinguifb them both : So certain-
ly experience in Childhood , will call every Pbilcfopby ,Mo-
ther,but when it comes to ripenefle;it will difcerne the true
Mother. Inthe meane time itis good to read over diverfe
Philofephies , as diverfe Gloffes upon Nature, whereof it
may be one in one place ; anotherin another;is more corre-
ted. Therefore I could with a collection made,but with
diligence and judgment , De Antiquis Philofophiis , out of
the lives of Ancient Philofophers; out of the Parcels of Plu:
tarch of their Placits;out of the Citations of Plato; out of the
Confutations of Aristotle ; out of a fparfed mention found
in other Bookesas well of Chriftians , as of Heathens, (as
out of Lattantius, Philo,Philoftratus,and the reft) : For 7 doe
not yet fee extant a worke of this Nature. But here muft give
warning that thisbe done diftin&ly , fo as the Philofophies,
every one feverdly , be compofed and continued, and not
colle&edby titles and handfulls , as hatli bin done by Plu-
tarch . For every Philofophy while it is entire in the whole peeces
Jupports it felfe, and the opinions maintained therein, give light,
ftrength, and credence mutually yoneto the other ,whereasif they
be fimple and broken , it will found more ftrange and diffonant.
Intruth wheu Iteadin Tacitus the Actions of Nero, orof
Claudius invefted with Circumftances of Times , Perfons,
and Inducements . I find them not fo ftrange , but that they
may be true-but when I readthe fame Actions in Suetonius
Tranquillus, teprefented by titles and. common places , and
notin order of Time, they feeme monftrous and altoge-
ther incredible: Sots Philofophy when it is propounded entire; 22
when it is fliced and articled into fragments . Neither doelex-
clude out of this Calendar of the Placits or Setts.of Philofophys
the Theories and opinions of later timessas that of Theophra-
flus Paracelfus eloquently reduced intoabody & Harmony
of Philofophy by Severinus the Dane, or of Telefins of Cofen-
ze, who reviving the Philofophy of Parmenides hath turn'd
the weapons of the Peripatetiques upon themfelyes, or
"
Os LEg&ARNING. Lis. IIl. 161
of Patriciusthe Venetian; who hath fublimated the fumes
ofthe Platonifts; or of Gilbert our Countryman, who hath
reftored tolight the opinions of Philolaus, or of any other
whatfoever, if he be of merit. And becaufe the volumes of
thefe Au&tors are wholly extant; there may be abridgements
made only of them,and {fo annext, by way of reference to
the reft. An d chus much of Natural Philofophy, and the Ap-
pendices thereof.
VL. — Asfor Metaphyfique, we have affigned unto it, the in-
quiry of Formall and Finall caufes; which application, asto
Forines may [eem to be nugatory and void. For an opinion FORM
hath prevailed, and is grown inveterate; that the e[Jentia]] RERVM.
Formes and true Differences of things, can by no diligence
of Man be found out. Which opinion in the meane, gives
and grants usthus much; that the Invention of Formes, 1s of
all other parts of knowledge the worthieft to be fought; if
it be pofsiblethey may be found. And as for Pofsibility of
Invention, there are fome faint-hearted difcoverers, who
when they fee nothing but Aire and Waters think there is no
farther Land. But it is manifeft that Plato, a man of an ele-
vated wit, and who beheld all things as from a high cliffe, tn Timeo
in his do&trine of Ideas, did difcry, that formes were the true alibi.
objeli o knowledge, however he loft the reall fruit of this moft
true opinion, by contemplating and apprehending Formes, as ab-
[olutely abftract from matters; and act confined and determined
by matter: whereupon it came to pajfe that he turned bimfzlfe to
Theologicall (peculations, which infetied and diftained all bis
XXaturall Philofophy. But if we keep a watchfull, and a fe-
vere eye upon Action and Ufe, it will not be difficult, to
trace and find out what are the Formes; the difclofure
whereof would wonderfuily enrich and make happy the e-
ftate of man. For the Formes of [ubftancess (man only except Gen. 2;
of whom itis faid, Formayit hominem de limo terre, Q9. fpira-
vit inficiem ejus fpiraculum vite; not as of all other kinds,
Producat aquas producat terra) Vfay che fpecies of creatures, Gen. t.
as they are now multiplied by compounding and tranf-
planting, are fo perplext and complicate; as itis either alto-
gether
162
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
gether loft labour to make enquiry of them, orthe inquifiti-
onthereof, fuch as may be had; fhould be fufpended fora
time, and whenthe Formes of nature, in hir more fimple -
exiftenceare rightly fought and found out, thento be de-
termin'd and fet downe. For, as it were not a thing eafie;
nor any way ufefull, to fzeke the Forme of that found; which
makes aword , being that words through compofition and
tran{pofition of letters are infinite; but to enquirethe Forme
of found, which expre[Jetb fome fimple letter ( namely with
what collifion, with what application of the inftruments
of voice it is made) is a thing comprehenfible and ealfy,
which forme of letters once known, prefently leads us to the forme
of words.Inthe {ame manner toenquire the Forme of a Lyon,
of an Oake; of Gold, nay of water; of Ayre is à vaine purtuit;
butto enquirethe Formes of Denfe,Rare;Hot, Cold; Heavy,
Light, Tangible Pneumatique; Volatile, Fixt. and the like,both
of Figurations and of Motions; whereof the moft of them
we have enumerated when we handled Phyfiques and are
wontto call them, Formes of the firstranke or order ; and
which (as the letters of the Alphabet) are not fo many in
number, & yet build up and fupport the e/fences and Formes
of all (ubftances. and this is that very point which we aime
at, and endeavour to compafle; and which conftitutes and
defines that Part of Metaphyfiqueswhereof we now enquire.
Nor doth this fo prejudicate or hinder, but that Phyfique
may confider the fame Natures alfo (as hath bin faid ) but
only according to the fluid and mutable caufes. For ex-
ample, ifthe caufe of whiteneffe in Snow or in Froth be inqui-
red, it is well rendred, that itis the fubtile intermixture of Aire
with water. But this is farre from being the Forme of white-
neffe; being that aire intermixt with the duft, or powder of
Glaffe, or Chryftall, doth likewife produce whitene/fe, as
well as ifit were mingled with water, but this is the effici-
ent caufe only, which is no other than vehicnlum Forma.But
ifthe inquiry be made in Metaphyfique, you fhall finde fome
fuch rule as this, That two diaphanous bodies being intermixt,
their optique Portions in afimple order,or equally placed, doe de-
termine
of LEARNING. Lis. III: 163
termine and conftitute whitene/fe. This part of Metaphyfique 1
finde deficient :and no marvaile becaufe by the courfe of in-
quiring, which hitherto hath bin practifed, the Formes of
things will: never appeare while the world endures. The
root ef this error as of all other isthis; shat men in thei contempla-
tionsof nature are accufomed to make too timely a departure, and
tooremote arecelje from experience and particulars; and have
yeelded andrefignedthemfelves wholly over to the fumes ef their
own fancies, and populare Argumentations: Bucthe ule of this
part of Metaphyfiqueswhich I report as deficient, is of the reft
themoft excellentin two refpetts. is
22 §) Firfljbecaufe it isthecutyand peculiar virtue of all
Sciences, to abridge (as much as the conception of truth will
permit) cheambazes and long circuits of Experience,and fo
to apply a remedy tothe ancient complaint of yita brevis Hipp.
arylonga: Andthisis excellently performedsby collecting and “phot
aniting the Axioms of Sciences intomore genet all beads and con:
ceptions. which may be agreeable to all Individualls. For
Sciences,aré the Pyramides (upparted by Hiflory; and experience,
astheir only and true Bufis, and foibe Bafisof Naturall:Philofo-
phy Natwall Hi[Lory; the Lage next the Bafis ts Phyfique, the
Stage next the vertical poiuz is: Metaphyfique: as for the Cone
and verticall point itlelte. (oput quad. operatur Dens À principio Ecaet.;.
uf¥, ad finem, the /ummary law of Nature) we doe j uftly doubt
whether mans inquity can attaine unto it. But thefe three
bethetrue fages of Sciences,and aresto men{welled up with
their own knowledge,;and a. dareing infolence, to invade
Heaven, likethe three hills of che Giants.) «
"Ter funt Conati imponere Pelio Offams | vire:
Scilicet atá; Offe frondof{um involvere Olympum. > Geor.t.
Büt to chofethat difabling chemfelves;arid difcharging their
pride, referreall tothe glory of God; they are the three accla-
mations Sanste,Santte,Santte: for God is holy inthe’ multitude Apoc. 4.
of bis works Holy in the order of them, Holy inthe union. And
therefore the fpeculation was excellent in Parmenides and
Plato; sfhouah but a fpeculation in them, That all things by InParm.
[cales didafcend to unity. Sothen,that {cience is the. worthi-
bak X 2 eft
2
Plat. in
Phad. Cic,
de Fin. 2.
Tufc. 4,
Prov. 1v.
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
eft, which leaft chargeth mans underftanding with mulki-
plicity; and it is evident; that that is Metaphyfique, as that
which principally fpeculates ibofe fimple Formes of things;
(which we have ftiled Formes of tbe firft degree or order)
which though they be few in number, yet in their com-
meníurations and Cc-ordinations, they make all kindes of
variety. |
§ The Second repe&t which innobles this part of Meta-
phyfique touching Formes, is, that of all other fciences ; it
doth moft enfranchife, and fet at liberty the Power of Man;
and brings it forth into a moft ample and open field to exer-
cife in. For Phyfique directs mans labour and diligence
throughnarrow and reftrained wayes, imitating the flexi-
ous courfes of ordinary Nature; But late undig, (apientibus
Via, tofupience (which was anciently definedtobe, Rerum
divinarum «9 bwnanarum [cientia) there is evet copie and va-
riety of means. For Phyficall caufes give light and occafion
to new inventions in fimili materia, but whofoever knowes
any Forme, knows alfo the utmost poffibility of faperinducing
that nature upon any variety of matter; and fo isleffe reftrained
and tied in operation; eitherto the Bafis of the exaiter, or to
the condition ofthe &fficient; which kinde of knowledge,
though in a more divine fence, Solomon elegantly defcribes,
Non arétabuntur gre[[utui, $9. Currens non babebis offendicu-
lum; his meaning is, that che waies of fapience, are not liable
to {treights, nor perplexities.
§ The fecoud part of Metaphyfique, isthe inquiry of Fi-
wall caufes. which we note not as omitted, butas mifplaced:
for the inquiry of them ufuallyis made amongft the Phy-
fiques,and notin the Metaphyfiques. And yet if this were a
fault in order only; I fhould not much ftand upon it;for or-
der isa matter of Illuftration, and pertaines not tothe fub-
{tance of Sciences: but this inverfion of order, hath cauíeda
notable deficience, and brought a great decay upon Philofo-
phy. For the handling of Finall Caufes in the Phyfiques,hath
intercepted and banifht the inquiry of Phyficall Cauifes; and
hath given men occafion to reft fatisfied in fuch bier
an
OrLrzanwuiNG. Lis. IIl
andumbratilous Caufes ; and not thorowly to urge and
preflethe inquiry of Reall and truly Phyficall Caufes. For this
I find done not only by Plate, who ever Ancreth upon that
Shoare; but alío by Ariffotle; Galen,and others, who ufually
likewife falupon thefe Flats.For to fay, That the eye-lids fur-
mifbt with hairs are for a quick-[zt 4 fence to fortifie the fight: or
that the firmne(fe of skinnes 5 and hides of living (reaturessis to
repell the extremities of beate and cold : or that Bones are ordai-
ned by Nature for Columes and Beames whereupon the frame of
tbe * Body tt to be built : ov that Trees fhoot forth leaves to [badow
and protect the fruit fromthe Sunne and the wind. or thatthe
Clouds are ingendred aboye y to water the earth below : or that the
earth is clofe-compact and folid bat it may Le a Station and Maa -
fron for living (Creatures is properly inquired in Metapbyfizue;
but in Phyfique they are impertinent. Nay, (topurlue this
point )/uch difcourfing Caufes as thefe like the "Remoraes (as the
fiFion goes) adhering to [bippess ftay and flugge the fayling , and
the Progreffe of Sciences , that they could net bold on their Courfes
and advance forward tofurther Difcoveries : And now long agoe
itis fo brought to palje that the fearch of Phyficall Caufes, thus
neglettedsare decaied and paf[ed over infilente . And therefore
the Naturall Philofophy of Democritus and {ome others; whe
removed God anda Mind from the frame of things; and ar-
tributed the ftru&ure of the world to infinite Preludiums,
and Effayes (which by one name they term’d Fate or For-
tune; and have affigned the Caufes of Particulars to the ne-
ceffity of Matter without intermixture of Finall Cau/es)fee-
meth tous ( fo farre as we can conjecture from the Frag-
ments and Remaines of their Philofophy ) in refpect of
Phyficall Caufessto have bin farre more tolid, and to have
penetrated more profoundly into Nature, thanthat of 4-
riffotle and Plate: for this reafon alone that tbofe Ancient Philo.
fophers never wasSted time in finall Caufes , but thefe perpetually
preffe and inculcatethem. And inthis point Ariffotle is more
to blame than Plato , feeing he hath omitted the fountaine
ofall finall Caufes, God; and inthe place of God fubftituted
Nature; andhath imbraced final Caufes rather as a lover of
X 3 Logique
165
Ariflot,
Probl.
166 Or THe ADVANCEMENT
Logique than an adorer of Divinity. Nor doe we therefore
fpeake thus much , becaufe thofe fisall Cayzs are not true
and very worthy the enquiry in Metaphyfique Speculations,
but becaufe while they fallie out , and breake in upon the
Poffeffions of Phyfcall Caufes, they doe unhappily depopu-
late and waft that Province : For otherwife if they keepe
themfelves within their precinéts and borders , they are ex-
tremely deceiv’d who ever think that there is an enmitie
orrepugnancy between them and Phyficall Caufes .. For the
caufe render d, That the hairs about the eye-lids are for the fafe-
gard of the fightsdothnot indeed impugne that other Caufe;
That pilofitie is incidentto Orifices of Moiffure,
age Mufeoft Fontes q9c.----—
Nor the Cauferender dstbar the firmne (ee of Hides in Beasts is
for armor against the injuries of extreme weather doth impugn
that other Caules That that firmne|fe is caufed: by the contratti-
on of Pores in the outward parts of the body through colds and de-
predation of Ayre ; and fo of the reft : both caufes excellently.
con{piring,fave that,the one declares an intention;the other
a confequence only . Neither doth this callin queftion, or
derogate from divine Providence, but rather wonderfully
confirmes and exalts it. For asin Civile Actions that Poli-
tique wifdome will be more deep , and admired; ifamam
can ufe the fervice of other men to his owne ends and de-
fires; and yet never acquaint them with his purpofe (foas
they fhall doe what hewould they fhould doe , and yetnot
underftand what they doe), then if he fhould impart his
Counfils to thofe he: imployes: So the wifdome of God
Íhines more wonderfully, when Nature intends one things
and Providence draws forth another, thenif the Characters
of Divine Providence were impreft upon every particular
habitude and motion: of Nature. Surely Ariffotle after he
had {welled up Nature with FinallCaufes; Naturam nibil.
* dem fruftra facere ; [uique votif emper e[Je competem(fi impedimenta.
departa. dbeffent); and had fet downe many fuchtending to that pnr-
nml. ^ pofe.;bag no further need of God: but Democritus and Epicurus,
when they publifht and celebrated their: Atomes,were chus
farre
Or Learnine. Lis: IIl.
farre by the more fubtile witsliftened unto with Patience:
but when they would avouch that the Fabrique and Con-
texture of all things in Nature;knit and united it felfe with-
outa Mind; trom a fortuitous Concourfe of thofe Atomes,
they were entertain'd with Laughter by all . Sothat Phyf-
call Caufes are fo farre from withdrawing mens minds from
God and Providence 5 as rather contrariwile thofe Philofo-
phers which were moft exercifed in contriving thofe A-
tomes, found no end and iffue of their travaile , untill they
had refolved all at laftinto Godsand Providence. Thus much
of Metaphyfique, a part whereof touching Final Caufes I de-
ny notto have bin handled both in the Phyfiques 5 and Me-
taphyfiques; in thee truly, in thofe improperly;for chein-
convenience hath enfued thereupon. | ]
1 ThePartition of the Operative Knowledge of Nature into CAfee
chbanique aud Magique : Refpondent to the Parts of Speculative
Knowledge; Mechagique to PhyfiqueMagiqueto Metaphyfique.
$ A purging of the word cAtagia. 1i. Two AppendicestoO-
perative Knowledge, An Inventory of the Eftate of man. 9 A Cata.
logue of Polychrests , or things of multifarious ufe.
22" HE Operative Knowledge of Nature wee will
bss likewife divide intotwo Parts; and that from a
em kindofNeceflitie. For chis Divifenis fubordi-
nate tothe former Dévifion of Speculative Knowledge ; for
Phyfique and the Enquiry of. Efficient and - Material! Cau[es;
produces Mechanique: but Metaphyfique, and the enquiry of
Formes produces Magique : As for Finall Caufes the enquiry is
barren, and asa‘ Cirgim eon[ecrateto God brings forth nothing.
Nor are we ignorant that there is a Mechanicall Knowledge
which is meerly empericalljand operaries not depending on
“Phyfique;butthis we have referr’d to Natural! History, and
Íeparate it from A(aturall Philofophy : Speaking here only
of
167
168.
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
of that Mechanicall Knowledge which is connext with
Caufes Phyficall . But yet there falls out a certaine. Mechani-
call, or Experimentall Knowledge which neither is altoge-
ther Operative , nor yet properly reaches fo high as fpecula-
tive Philofophy.For all che Inventions of Operations which
have cometo mens Knowledge; either have fallen out by
cafuall infidence; and afterwards deliver'd from hand to
hand; or were fought out by a purpofed experiment . Thofe
which have bin found out by intentionall experiment, they
have bin difclofed either by the light of Caufes,and Axiomes;
or found out by extending, or transferring or compounding
former inventions ; which isa matter more fagacious and
witty, than Philofophicall. And this part which by no
means we defpife we fhall briefly touch hereafter, when
we fhalltreate of Literate Experience amongft the Parts of
Logique.As forthe Mechanique now in hand , Ariffotle hath
handled it promifcuoufly ; Hero in fpiritalibus ; as likewife
Georgiw Agricola a moderne Writer very diligently in his
Minerals; and many others in particular Treatifes on that
fubje& ; fos I have nothing to fay of Deficients in this kind;
butthatthe Promifcuom Mechanicalls of Arislotle, ought to
have bin with more diligence continued, by the pens of re-
cent Writers ; efpecially with choice of fuch experimentals,
of which either the Caufes are more obfcure; or the Effects
more noble . But they who infift upon thefe doe as it were
only coaft along the fhoare, Premendo littw iniquum . For in
my judgment there can hardly be any radicall alteration, or
novation in Nature; either by any fortuitous adventures. or
by effayes of Experiments; or from the light of Phyficall
Caufes;but only through the invention of Formes. There- —
fore if we have fet downe that part of Metaphyfique as Deff-
cient which entreateth of Forms.it follows that Natural Ma-
gique allo, which is a Relative unto it,is likewife Defeéfive.
§ Butitfeemes-requifite inthis place that the word
Magia,accepted fora long time in the worfe part, be refto-
redto the ancient and honourable fence. Magta,amongft the
Perfians; veastaken for a fublime fapience, and a Science *
the
Or lig Gener: bie. st.
the Harmony and concents of univerfalls in Natute,fothofe
three Bafferne Kings which cameto adore (riff, are ftiled
by the name of Magi: and we ufiderfland it in that fenfe, as
tobe; a Science which deduceth the knowledge of hidden formes to
Strange and wonderfull effets 9 operations;and as it tt commonly
fai, by joyniug A&ives with Pafives,whith difclofeth the great
wonders of Nature. As for the Natural Magique, (which flies
abroad in many mens bookes ) containing certain credu-
lous and fuperHitious traditions, and obfervations of Sym-
pathies,and Antipatbies,and of hidden and fpecifique pro-
. prieties, with fome experiments commonly frivolous,
Ílrange»rather forthe art of convayance and difguifement,
than the thing ic felfe, furely he fhall not much erre, who
fhallfay, that this kind of magique, is as farre differing in
truth of Nature, from fuch a knowledge as we require; as
_ the Bookes of the Gells of Arthur of Brittaines or of Hugh
of Burdeaux, differs from Cefars Commentaries, in truth of
ftory. For it is manifeft,that Cefzr did greater things de ve-
ro,then they durft faine of their Heroes; but he did them not
in that fabulous manner. Ofthis kind of Learning, the Fable
of Ixion was a figire ; who projecting with himfelfe to en-
joy Juno the Goddeffe of Power, had copulation witha
cloude, of which he begot Centaures and (himeraes. Sowho-
ever are carried away with a frantique and impotent pafsi-
on, and vaporous conceit to thofe things which only,
through the fumes and clouds of Imaginations they fancy to
themfelves to fee, in ftead of fubftantiall operations; they
are delivered of nothing but ayrie hopes, and certain defor-
med and monflrous apparitions. The operation and effect
ofthis fuperficiary, and degenerous Naturall Magique upon
Men, is like fome foporiferous drugges ; which procure
fleep; and withall exhale intothe fancy, merry and pleafant
‘dreams in fleepe. Firft it cafts mans underltanding into a
fleep, ftill chanting and {uggefting fpecificique proprieties:
_and fecret virtues; and fent downe, asit were, from hea-
_yen,to be delivered, and to be learned only by auricular tra-
ditions; whence it comesto pafle, that menare no more
ftitred
eee
170
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
ee Na ee rt
ftirred up and awaked to fearch with diligence, and to force
out the true caufessbut fit downe fatisfied with thefe frivo-
lous and credulous opinions: and thenit inftilles an infinite
number of pleafing fictions, in the manner of dreams, and
fuch as one would moft wifhto betrue. And it is worth
the paines to note, that in thefe fciences which hold fo much
of imagination (as are that adulterate Magique, whereof we
now Ípeak, Alchymie, AStronomie andthe like) the meanes
and Theorie are ever more monflrous, than the end and pre-
tences. The turning of Silver or Quick-filver or any other met-
tall into Gold, is a hard thing to believe: yet it is athing farre
more probable, to a man well skilled, and experimented in — 3
thenatures of waight; yellow Colour,malleable and exten-
fible;as alfo fixt and volatile: and likewifeto one who hath
exactly fearcht into the firft feeds and menftruous Purgings
of Mineralls; that Gold by an induftrious and curious wit;
may»at laft, be produced; than that a few graines of Elixir,
or of the powder of Production, fhould be of force, in a few
Minutes, to turne Metalls into Gold, by the activity of the
fame Elixir; which is able to perfect nature, and to deliver
-
itfrom all impediments. So the retarding of Age, or the re-
ftoreing of fome degree of youth, doth not eafily purchafe a
beliefe: yet it is farre more likely to a manthat knowes per-
feétly the nature of Arcfattion, and the depredations of the
{pirits, upon the folide parts of the body, and hath through-
ly obferved the nature of Afsimilation,and of Alimentation,
{piritsand ofthe Flame (as itwere) of the body, afsigned
fometimes to confume, fometimes to repaire; may by diets,
Bathings, Anointings, proper Medicines, and accommo-
date motionssand the like, prolong life, or renew fome de-
rees of youth, or vivacity: then thatthis fhould be effected,
p» a few drops or fcruples of fome precious Liquor or Quin-
teícence. Againethat Fates may be drawne from the fiarres,
men will not fodainly, and eafily affent unto; butthefesthat
the houre of Nativity (which oftentimes through many na-
turall accidents, is either accelerated or differed) fhould go-
i verne
. either more perfeét or more peccant; alfo the nature of the .
OrLearnine. Lis. IIl.
verne the fortune of the whole life; or that the houre of
Queftion is co-fatall with the thing itfelfe which is fought,
you willíay are meere impoftures. But fucha rafh impo-
tency and intemperance, doth poffefle and infatuate the
whole race of man; that they doe not only prefumeupon;
and promife to themtelves whatis repugnant in nature to be
performed; but alfo, are confident that they are able to con-
quer even at their pleafure, and that by way of recreation;
the moft difficult paffages of nature,without trouble or tra-
vaile. Andof Magique thus much; the name whereof we
have vindicated from reproach, and feparazed the true and
noble kind from the bafe and counterfeit.
I]. Of thisoperative part of Nature there aretwo Appendi-
*
INV EN-
ces, both of much importance. The fir$ ds, that there be made v ARIVM
an faventary of the eflate of Man;in which there fhould be OPVM
VMA-
taken and compendioufly caft up, the fumme of all the NARVM.
wealth and fortunes of men (whether they arife from the
fruits and revenewes of naturesor of Art) which are now ex-
tant,and whereof menare already pofleft, adding fuch in-
ventions, as is manifeft have bin in times paft celebrated,
but are now perifht.To this end and purpofe, that he who
addreffeth himfelfe to the fearch of new Inventions, may
notbe arrefted in his inqueft; nor waft time and ftudy in
thofethings which are already invented, and are now ex-
tant. And this Inventary will be more artificiall, and more
ferviceable, if youadde thofe things whichin populare con-
ceit are reputed impzffible, and together with them couple
{uch inventions, as are neereftin degree to impofsibles, and
yetare extant; that the one may fet an edge on mans en-
quiry; the other may in a fort direct it: and that from thefe
Optatives and Potentialls, mans Actives may be more readily
conducted.
$ The [econd ts bat there be made a Calendare of tbofe expe-
a
CATALO-
viments;w hich are polychrefis things of a multifarious ufe, & Gys po.
ipoft univerfall confequence, & which conduce and direct LYCHRE-
so the Invention of other experiments. For example;the artifi-
3 * . . .
cidil experiment of conglaciation of water by fee with black (alt,
112 pertaines
STORVM.
172
Metaph.r. 4g E
& Ix.
Laert. in
Dem.
Tambl. de
vita Pyth.
la.
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
UM eee
pertainesto infinite purpofes and effaies; for chis difclofech
the fecret and abftrufe manner of condenfation,than which
nothing is more commodious for man. 4; for Fire, that isa
ready and known Agentfor Rarefaéion ; but the myftery of
Condeénfation, is not yet fully difcovered: and it makes much
for the abridgement of invention, if Pol ychrefts of this nature
were collected into a particular Catalogue.
Habe Gbe ie Gee Binh Ble Bin isla Stara grido ipo bi pia
G A P. VIL
ofthe Great Appendix of Naturall Philofophy, Speculative,as O-
perative; Mathematique knowledge, and that it ought rather to be
Placed amongft Appendices, than amongft fubftantiall Sciences,
$ The Partition of Mathematiquesinto Pure and Mixt.
(G4 Riflotle faith well, Phyfique and Matbematique, in-
47A
2» gender Practicall or Mechanicall knowlecge: Where-
iedpsoes fore now we have handled, both the peculative .
and operatrye part of the knowledge of Naiure; order requires
that we {peak of Matbematique, which is an auxiliary fci- -
ence tothem both. Forin the received Philofophy, Mathe-
matique is annext , as a third part to Phyfique and Metaphyfique,
but it feems to us, who haveundertaken to reexamine; and
Till over againe thefe things,(if we had defigned thisas a
fubftantive and principallícience) more agreeable both in
refpect of the nature of the thing, and the light of order, to
place it as a branch of Metaphyfique. For Quantity, which is
the fubje&t of Matbematique Science; applied to Matter, is
the Dole, as it were; of Nature, and productive of anumber
of effects in things Naturall; and therefore is to bereckoned
inthenumber of effentiall Formes. For the Power of Figure,
and NuinberÁeemed to be of fuch force amongft the Ancient
Philofophers, that Democritus placed the feeds of che varie-
ty of things,principally,in the Figures of Atomes;and Pytha-
goras allercedsthe Natures of things, to be conftituted of
Numbers
^ ^ e
or LEARNING, Lis. II.
Numbers. Inthe meane,this is true,that of Naturall Formes,
(asweunderftand Formes) Quantity is of all moft abftra-
éted and feparable from Matter : which was the reafon
why it hath bin more painefully laboured, and more exa&-
ly inquired by men, then any other Forme whatfoever,
which are all moreimmerfed in Matter. For being it isthe
nature of Man (certainlytothe great prejudice of know-
ledge) to delight inthe open Fields of Generalls; rather than
in the Woods and Jaclofures of Particulars; there was nothing
found more acceptable and delightful, than the Mathema-
tiques; wherein that appetite of expatiating and meditateing
might be fatisfied. Ad though all this betrue; yet to us,
who provide not only fortruth and order, butlikewife for
the ufe and profit of men; it feemed at laft better, to defigne
Mathematiques; being they are of {uch efficacy, both in Phy-
fiques and in Metaphyfiques, and in Mechaniquesand in Ma-
gique; as the Appendices and auxiliary forces of them all;
which in afort we are compelled to doe; for the wanton-
neffe and arrogancy of Mathematicians, who could be con-
tentthat the fcience might even command and over-rule
Phyfique. For it is cometo pafle, by what fate I know not,
that Marbematique and Logique, which fhould carry them-
felves as hand-maides to Phyfique, boafting their certainty
above it,take upon them a command and Dominion. But
we doenot fo much ftand upon the ranke, & dignity of this
{cience, let us confider the thingit felfe.
§ Mathematiques are either Pure,or Mixt.to Pure Mathe-
matiques, thofe fciences are referred, which handle Quanti-
ty altogether abftracted from Matter,and Phyficall Axioms.
They are wos Geometry, and Arithmetique 5 the one handling
Quantity continued, the other diffevered. Which two Arts
have indeed bin inquired into, with (ubtiltie and induftry;
but neither to the labours of Euclidein Geometry, hath there
bin any thing of any worth added by Pofterity,in fo many
centuries of years fince he florifht, nor hath the Doctrine of
Solides; forthe ule and excellency of the knowledge, bin la-
ME, 2 Y3 boured
— M ——
174
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
Virg, bu-
col.
Vid. Hift,
Gal.
boured and advanced by writers Ancient or Moderne. And
in Arithmetique there hath not bin found out apt and fuffi-
cient variety of compendious waies for fupputations, efpeci-
ally about “Progre(sions; whereof there is great ufe in the
Phyfiques. Nor is the Algebra, or Art of Equation well perfe-
éted; but that Pyrbagoricall and Myfticail Arithmetique which
is begunne tobe revived out of Proclus, and (ome Remaines
of Euclide, is a {pacious field of fpeculation: For fach isthe
nature of Man, that if it be not able to comprehend folids, it wafts
it felfein unprofitable niceties.
§ Mixt Matbematique , hath for fubje& Axioms, and
Portions of Pbyfique; and confiders Quantity, as itis auxiliary
to enlighten, demonftrate, and actuate them. For many
Parts of Nature can never be with fufficient fubtlety com-
prehended, nor demonftrated with {ufficient perfpicuity;
nor accommodated to ufe with fufficient dexterity and cer-
tainty, withoutthe Aide, and intervening of the Mathema-
tiques, Of which fort are Perfpectives Mufique, Aftronomies
Cof mograpbie ; Architetture 5 Tngenarie, and divers others,
But in Mixt Mathematiques, | can now report noentire por-
tions Deficient; [rather makethis prediction, thatthere will
be more kindes of them invented by Pofterity, if men be not
wantingto themfelves. For as Phyficall knowledge daily
growes up, and new Actioms of nature are difclofed; there
will be a neceísity of new Mathematique inventions; and
{o at laft more Mixt Mathematiques will be contrived. And
now we have paffed through the knowledge of Nature, and have
noted .the Deficients therein. Wherein if we have departed
from the Ancient and received opinions, and thereby have
moved contradiction; for eur part, as we affect not to diffents fo
we purpofe not tocontend. Ifit be truths .
Non Canimus [urdissrefpondent omnia [yl va;
The voice of nature will crieitup; though the voice of man
fhould crieitdowne. Andas Alexander Borgia was wont
tofay, of the Expedition ofthe French for Naples, that they
came with chaulke in their bands to marke up their Lodgings, and
not
Or Learninea. Lis. IIl. 175
not with weapons to frght; fo we like bettersthat entry of truth,
which comes peaceably, where the Mindes of men, capable
to lodge fo great a gueft, are figned, asit were, with chalke;
than that which comes with Pugnacity, and forceth it felfe away
by contentions and controverfies. Wherefore having finifht
two parts of Philofophy, concerning God, and concerning Na-
ture; the third remaines concerning Man.
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LERRLLLLLLLLALAILEA
THE FOVRTH BOOK OF
ERANCIS LO. VERVLAM
VICOUNT S ALBAN.
OF THE
DIGNITY AND ADVANCEMENT
OF LEARNING,
Tothe KING.
CAP. I.
I The Partition ofthe Knowledge of «Man into the Philofophyof
Humanitie,and Civile. § The Partition ofthe Knowledge of
Humanitie into the Knowledge touching the Body of Man ; and into
the Knowledge touching the Soule of Man. 31. The Conftituti.
onefagenerall Knowledge of the Nature or of the State of man.
§ The Divifion of the Knowledge of the State of Man into the
Knowledge of the Per(onof Man; and of the League of the Mind,
andthe Body. § The Divifion of the Knowledge of Mans Per{on,
into the Knowledge of Mans Miferies. § Aud of his Preragatives,
III The Divifion ofthe Knowledge of the League , into the Know-
ledge of Indications. § Andof Imprejsions. $ The Affignment
- ef Phyfiognomy..§ And of the Interpretation of Naturall Dreams,
tothe Knowledges. of Indications.
e) or wound me for any of thofe Precepts 1
Zr have delivered, or fhall hereafter deliver
2/9 (befides that I fhould be fafe being under
y the Protection of Your, Majeftie ), let him
RE Nee DA know » that-he doth chat which is againft
the Cuftomeand Law of Armes: For Iam a Trumpeter
ZL only,
178. Or THE ADVANCEMENT
only,I doe not begin the fight; perchance one of thole of
whom Homer 7e. s bts
Hom.Il. 4. Kaiosre xipunes, dios Royal #58 xy apart
Forthefeeven between Mortall and enraged enemies paft
to and fro ever inviolated.Nor doth our Trumpet fummon,
and incourage men to teare and rend one another with
contradictions; and in a Civile rage to beare armes , and
wage warre againftthemfelves ; but rather , à peace con-
cluded between them, they may with joynt forces direc
their ftrength againft Nature bir felfe; and take hir high
Towers,and difmantle hir fortified Holds; and thus enlarge
the Borders of mans Dominion, fo farre as Almighty God
of his goodneffe fhall permit.
Phtinal- I Nowletuscometothat Knowledge, whereuntothe
cb.:. — Ancient Oracledirectethus, which is the knowledge of our
Cic.de LL. f2lves: which deferves the more accurate handling by how
libi. — mnuchittoucheth us more neerly. This knowledge is to man
the end and terme of Knowledges; but of Nature bir (elfe , apor-
tion only. And generally let this be a rule, that all Divifions
"d Epit of Knowledges be fo accepted and applied , As. may rather
Tr defigne forth and diftinguifh Sciences into Parts 5 than eut and
pull them afunder into pieces; that fo the continmanée and entire-
ne[[e of Knowledges may ever be preferved. For the contrary
Practice hath made particular Sciences to become barren,
Íhailowsand erroneous ; while they have not bin nourifht,
maintain'd and rectified from the common Fountaine;and
Nurcery. So wefec Cicerothe Oratour complained of Socra-
Cierode £s, and his Schoole; That be was the fir( that feparated Philo-
Orat., fophy and Rhetoriqueswhereupon Rhetorique became a ver-
ball and an empty Art. And it is alfo evident, that the opini-
on of Copernicus ; touching the Rotation ofthe Earth ( which
now is maintain'd) becaufe it is not repugnant tothe Phe-
nomena, carmot bé revinced by Aftronomicall Principles;
yet by the Principles of Naturall Philofophy, truly applied,
itmay.So wefee alfothatthe Science of Medicine, if it be de-
ftituted arid forfaken of Natwrall Philofophy , it isnot much
better than Empiricall Praétice. |
i $ This
Or Learninea. Lis. IV.
§ This being laid as a ground» let us proceed to the Know-
ledge of man . This hath two parts ;. For it either confidereth
man [cgregate » or diftributively; or congregate, and in focictie:
the one we call Philofophy of Humanity ; the other Philofophy Ci-
vile. The Philofophy of Humanity or Humanesconfifteth of the
fame Parts , whereof man himfelfe confifteth , that is of
knowledges which refpeét the Body; and of knowledges
which relpeét che Mind.
If But before we purfue particular Diftributions, let us
confticute; One generall Knowledge of the Nature and (late of
man: For indeed itis very fitthat this Knowledge be emanci-
pate , and made a knowledge by it felfe . It is compos'd of
. thofe Sympathies and Concordances commune betweenthe
Body and the Mind.
es
179?
$ Againesthts Knowledge of the Nature and State of man |
‘may be diftributed into two Parts;attributing tothe one the
undivided Nature of man;to the other the Combination between
the Mind andthe Body: The firft of thefe we wvill call the
knowledge of the Perfon ef man; the fecondtbe knowledge of the
League: And itis plaine that all thefe feverall Branches of
Knowledge; being they are common and commixt, could
not be affigned to that firft Divifion , of Knowledges , con-
verfant aboutthe Body; and of Knowledges converíant a-
bout the Mind.
§ The Knowledge concerning the Per[on of man , compte-
hends {pecially twothings, namely the Contemplation: of
the Miferies of Mankiud;and of the Prerogatives, cr Excellea-
cies of the fame . But the bewailing of mans miferies has bin e-
legantly and copioufly fet forth by many in the writings,
as Well of Philofophers,as Divines. And it is both a pleafant
and a profitable Contemplation.
X
TRIVMPHI |
-.$ As for that other touching Mans Prerogatives, it isa EVE De
point may well be fet downe among Dericients. Pindar SVMMITA-
when he would extoll Hierosfpeakes (as ufually he doth) TVRAHV
moftelegantly, That be cropt off the tops or [ummities of all vir- ^ —
vertues. For Vuppofe it would much conduce to the Mag- fu Slap.
nanimity, and Honour of Man , ifa Collection were made
| £2 of
m a ERE URB A ——HáÓ——— M nó
180 Or THE ApvVANCEMENT
of the V/ltimities ( as che Schooles {peake) or Suwmities (as
Pindar) of Humane Nature , principally out of che faithfull
reports of Hiftory: Thatas ; What i the laft and bighefl pitch,
to which mans Nature of it [elfe bath ever reacb't in all tbe Perfe-
G ions both of Body and Mind . What aftrange ability was
that which is reported of Cafarsthat be could diékate at once to
Plat.in Hip // ve Secretaries? Sothe Exercitations of the Ancient Rhetori-
in Arif. cians, Protagoras ; Gorgias ; likewife of Philofophers; Cali-
on fthenes ; Poffidoniw, Carneades,whowere able to difcourfe
extempore upon any Subject Proand Con, with fluency and
elegancy of expreffion, doe much enoble the Powers of
mans witand naturall endowments. Andthat which Cice-
ro reports of his Mafter Archias is litle for ufe, but perchance
great for Oftentation and Faculties ; that he was able upon
the{udden to alleadge a great number of excellent verfes
pertinent tothe purpofe of fuch Difcourfes as were then in
hand. Itis a fingular commendation tothat faculty of the
Xenop, Mind, the Memory,that Cyrus or Scipio could call fo many
Cyrop. 5. thoufands of men by their Particular Names. But the Tro-
ee phies of Morall virtues,are noleffe famous than thofe of in-
tellectuall virtues. What a great example of patience doth
that comon ftory of Azaxarchw prefent unto our thoughts,
who puttothe Rack and Torture, bit out his own tongue,
the hoped Inftrument of (ome Difcovery , and {pit itin the
Tyran’s face? Nor is that inferior for tolerance though
much for the merit & dignity; ( which fell outin our time)
Meteran. ofa certaine Burgundian, who had committed a Murder
ie bd. upon the Perfon of the Prince of Orange) this flave being
XT. - inc à : A A
Ícourged with iron whips;and his flefh torn with burning
Pincers gave not fo muchas a groane;howbeit when a bro-
ken piece of the Scaffold fell by chance upon the head of
one that ftood by,the {corcht-ftigmatiz’d varlet , laughtse-
ven inthe midft of his torments, whoa litle before wept at
the cutting off of his curled haire . In like manner the fere-
nity and fecurity of Mind bath appeared wonderfull in ma-
ny even atthe inftant approaches of Death; as that ofa Cen-
Annal. xg, turion recorded by Tacitw ; whobeing commanded by the
| executioner
Suet.in Iul.
Philoftr.in
Ep. alii.
Pro Archia
Poeta.
Laert.
Or Learnina Lis. [| V. 181
executioner to ftretch forth his neck valiantly. ould (faith
he)thou would[l ftrike as valiantly. But John Duke of Saxonie
when the comiflion was brought him, as he was playingat — gig.
chefts, wherein his death was commanded the next day, Germ.
call'd to one that ftood by,and {miling, íaid ; Sees whether I
have not the better hand of this game ; He ( pointing towards
him with whom he plaid ) will boaft when 7 am dead t bat be
was the fairer of (et. And our More, Chancellour of England,
when the day before he was to die,a Barber came unto him
(fent for thisend, left perchance the grave and reverend ©
fight of his long haire might move compallioninthePeo- —-——
ple, andasked him whether it was his pleafure to have his Vis. Mort
haire cut) he refufed;and turning tothe Barber; The King
({aid he) zrat fuit with me for my head , and untill that Contro-
verfie be ended I meane to befbow no cof upon it. And the fame
Perfon at the very point of Death, after he had laid his head
upon the fatall Block raifeth up himfelfe alitle agen; and
having a faire large Beard gently removediit , faying , Yet 7
hope this bath not offended the King . Butnotcto intifttoolong
upon this poinpit is evident what we meane » namely, that
thewonders of Humane Nature 5 and the ultimate Powers and
virtues aswell of Mind as of Body.fhould be collected into aV olume,
which might ferve as a Kalendar of Humane Triumphs. Fora
workeof this Nature we approve the purpole,and Defigne
of Valerius Maximus , and C. Plinius ; but it could be wifht
they had usd more choice and Diligence.
II As touching the knowledge of the league, or mutuall Al-
liance between the body and the Mind; thatmay be diftributed
intotwo Parts. For asall leagues and Amities confift of mu-
tuall intelligence, and mutuall offices; fo this league of Mind
and Body, is in like manner comprifed in thefe two circum-
ftances; that is , todefcribe How thefe two, namely, the Mind
andthe bodysdifclofe one the other, and how one worketh upon tbe
others Ly di[covery or Tndication; and by Jmpre[sion. The for-
mer of thefe (namely a defcription what difcovery may be
made of the Mind,from the habit of the Body, or ofthe Bo-
dy from the Accidents ofthe Mind) hath begotten unto us
Z3 two
182 Or THE ADVANCEMENT
two Arts, both of prediction, whereof the oneis honoured
Ari Hipp. With the Inquiry of Aristotle; and the other of Hippocrates.
And although the modernetimes, havepolluted thele Arts
with fuperftitiousand Phantafticall mixtures,yet being pur-
ged and reftored totheir ttue ftate, they have both a folid
ground in nature; and a profitable ufe in life.
$ "Tbe firft is Phyfiognomy, which difcovers the difpofttions
of the mind, by the lineaments of the Body. The fecond is the expo-
fition of Naturall dreams , which difcovereth the Skate and Dif-
poftionof the Body , fromthe Pafsions and Motions of the mind.
* — Inthe Former of thefe, I note a Der1ciENcE: for Ariftotle
Ben dm hath very ingeniou[ly and diligently handled the Poftures of the
A COR. Bodyswhile tt is at Reft; but not the Geftures of the Body when it
MORIS IN isin Motion; which are no lef comprebenfible by Art, and of
Greater ue, Forthe lineaments of the Body, doe difclofe
the [nclinations and Proclivities of the Mind in generall;
but the Motions and Geftures of the face and Parts, doe not
only fo, butfurther declare the Acceffes;and Seafons, and
Prognoftiques of the prefent difpofition, and of the will.
For, toufe your Majefties moft aptand elegant exprefsion,
IAconus The tongue [peaks tothe eares but the geftnre [peaks tothe eye.
R, And therefore a number of old (ubtile and craftie Perfons,
whole eyes doe dwell upon the faces and fafhions of Men,
doe well know this obfervation, and can turne itto their
owne advantage, asbeing a great part of their ability and
wifdome. Neither indeed can itbedenied, but that this is
agreat difcovery of difsimulation in an other, and a great
direction, for the election of feafons, and opportunities of
approaching to perfons; which is not the meaneft part of
Civile Prudence. And let no man think that fuch a dexterity,
may fomewhat availe, in refpect of fome Particular per-
fons, butcannotbe comprehended under rule: for we all
laugh and weepe, and blufh, and bend the brow much after
the fame manner; 'and fo for moftpart it is inother more
fübtile motions. As for Chiromancy, itis a meere impofture.
§ And astouching tbe expofition of Dreames; it isa fubje&t
handled in fome mens writings, but foild with many idle
vanities
or LEARNING. Lis. HIC
vanities, only thus much for the prefent I doe Infinuate;that
this knowledge of interpreting Dreams, veants the fupport
ofa folid Baíe;and that foundation is thisssere tbefame effc
is wrougbts by an inwardcaufe, that ufeth tobe wrought by an out-
ward; tbat externe AE is transformed into a Dreame. The tur-
charge of the ftomack froma groffe vapour, and from the
poife of {ome outward waight; arealike; wherefore they
that labour of the Aight-maredoe dreame, that a waight is
put upon them, with agreat preparation of circumftances.
The fluctuation or penfility of the Bowells,from the agitati-
on of the waves in the fea, and from the winde gathered a-
bout the Diaphragma, are alike: therefore {uch as are trou-
bled with the Hypocondriaque wind, doe often dream of
Navigations, and agitations upen the waters. There are an
infinite number of {uch like inftances.
$ The other branch of the knowledge of the league
(which we have called Imprefion) hath not as yet bin col-
lected into Art; but hath (ometimes intervened among other
Treatifes {patfedly, and as in paflage only . It hath thefame
Antiftrophe withthe former: forthe confideration is dou-
ble; either how and how farre the humors and temperament of the
body, doe alter or worke upon the mind? Ox againe, How and
how farre,the Pafsions and apprehenfions of the mind doe alter or
work uponthe Body. ‘The former of thefe we fee fometimes
handled in the Art of Phyfique; but the fame hath by
ftrange waies infinuated it felfe into Religion. Forthe Phy-
fitian prefcribes Remedies to cure the Maladies of the
mind; as inthe cures of Frenziesand Melancholy: they doe
alfo adminifter Phyfique to exhilerate the Mind; to munite
and ftrenothen the hearts and foto increafe the courage; to
À 183
fharpen and clatify the wits, to corroborateche Memory; |
andthe like. But Dietes , and choice of meats, and drinks, -
and other oblervances touching the Body, in the fe& of the
Pytbagoreans; in the Herefie ofthe Manichees,and in the law
of Mahomet doe exceed ali meafure. So likewifethe ordinan-
ces of the Ceremoniall Law, interditting the eating of the bloud (9 Deut. 12,
she Fat; and diffinguifbing between beafts clean and unclean, fo
= farre
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
farre as they are for meat, are many and ftri. Nay the
Chriftian faith it felfe, though cleere and fyncere from all
clouds of ceremonies; yet retaines theufe of Faftings, Ab-
ftinences; and other obfervances, which tend to the mace-
rationand humiliation of the Body; as things not meerely
Figurative, but alfo Fruitfull: The root and life of ail fuch
preícriptsas thefe, (befides the Ceremony it felfe,and the
practife of Canonicall obedience,) confifts in this whereof
we fpeak, namely, that there may be a mutual [ufferance and
- humiliation of tbe foule with the Body. And if any man of
weaker judgement doe conceive, that thefe imprefsions of
the Body uponthe Mind, doe either queftion the immor-
tality, or derogate from the foveraignty of the foule over the
Body;toaneafy doubt, aneafy an{were is fufficiens, Let
him takethefe inftances; esther from an Fufant in the Mothers
wombe, whichis compatible with the Accidents and Symptomes
of the mothers and yet feparable in its fea[on, from the Body of
the Mother: Or from Monarques, whothough they have ab-
folute power are fome-times inclined by the {way of their
Servantsjyet without fubjection of their Perfons or dimi=
nution of their Power... 3 id
$ Nowas for the veciprocall part, the operations of the foule,
and of the Effects and Pafions thereof upon the Body ; that alfo
hath found a place ia Medicine. For all wife Phyfitians doe
ever confider and handle, Accidentia Agimi ; asa matter of
great moment,for their Cutes;and which are of great force
tofurther or hinder allother Remedies. But there is an o-
ther obfervation pettinent to this fubject, which hath bin
very {paringly inquired into; and nothing tothe depth and
dignity of the thing: thatis, (fetting afide the affections)
bow farrethe Imagination of the Mind sor a thought deeply fixt,
and exalted as it wéres into a belicfe, is of Power to alter the Body
of the Jmaginant 2 For thoughit hath:a manifeft power to
hurt, it followes not that it hack the fame degree of power
to help: Nomoreindeed, than ifa man fhould conclude
that becaufe their be peftilent Aires able fodainly tokilla
- man in health ; therefore there fhould be Sovetaigne Aires,
able
OrLearnine. Lis. IV. uy —
able fodainly to cure a man in fickneffe. This Inquifition Pctt.in V-
would certainly be of excellent ufe , but as Socrates {aid it
needs a Delian Diver, being couered with darknefle and ob-
Ícurity. Againe ot all thefe Knowledges,de Federe, or of the
Concordances betweenthe Mind and the Body , there is no part
more neceflary chan the difquifition of the Seates and Do-
miciles which the feverall faculties of the mind doetake and
occupate in che Body;and the Organes thereof. Which kind
of knowledge hath not wanted Sectatorsbutwhat is found
in many fuch Writers is either controverted ; or {lightly in-
quired; and would befcarcht into with more diligence and pj, jn 4.
perípicacity.For the opinion introduced byP/atoplacingthe mao. — —
underftanding in the braine,as ina high Tower; Animofty i a:
(which he unfitly callech Anger) being it is neererto Tumor 4, Gal. de
and Pride) inthe Heart, Concupifcence and fenfuality inthe peePlet.
Liver,deletves not altogether to be defpifed; nor yet too ha-
ftily embract. So the placing of the Jutelleétuall Faculties;
Jmagination; Reafom Memory ; according tothe ventricles of
the Braine, isnot without error. Thus have we explicated
the Knowledge touching the individed nature of man js alfo
touching the League of the Body and the Mind.
I ThePartitionofthe Knowledge refpecting the Body of Man , into
Art Medicinall. §. Cofmetique. 9. Athletique, §. And Volup-
twary. TT. The Partition of Medicine, intothree Duties. 9 Confer-
vation of Health, 111. Cure of Difeafes. YYvt. And Prolozgationof
Life: And thatthe laft Part , Prolongation of Life , thould be fc-
parate from the other two.
aI HE Knowledge that concernes Mans Body is divi-
C Ex ded, asthe Good of Mans Body is divided unto
Nas whichitisreferrd. The Good of Mans Body, is of
fourekinds; Health; Forme, or Beanty , Strength; Pleafure.
Wherefore there are (o many Sciences; Medicine, or the Art
of Cure, Cofmetique, or the Art of Decoration, Athletique, or the
Aa Art
186
Homer.
Hym. Pau-
fan. alii.
Paramiri.
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
Art of Ativity.and Art Voluptuarys which Tacitus calls Eru-
ditus Luxus.
§ Medicine is a noble Art; and according tothe Poets
defcended ofa moft generousrace;for they have brought in
Apollo, asthe chiefe God of Medicine, to whom they have
alligned ZEfzulapius for his {onne,a God too, and a Profeffor
of Phyfique : Becaufe in things naturall the Sunne is the Augtor,
and Fountaine of Life; the Phyfitian the (onferver of Nature;
and as it were afecond fpring of Life . Bucthegreateft glory to
Phyfique istrom the workes of our Saviour, who was a
Phyfitian both of Soule and Body : And as he made the
Soule the peculiar object of his heavenly Doétrine,fo he de-
fign'dthe body the proper fubject of his miracles . For we
never read of any miracles done by him rrefpecting Honour,
or Wealth,( befides that one when Tribute was to be given
to Cefar), but only refpeéting the Body of man; orto pre-
ferve,orto {ultaine,or to cure it.
§ The Subject of Medicine (namely mans Body) is of all
other things which nature hath brought forth moft capa-
ble of remedy ; but then that remedy is moft capable of Er-
ror: Forthe fame fubtility , and variety of che fubject, as it
affords great poflibility of Cure; fo it gives great facility to
error. Wherefore as that Art( fuch as now it is) may wellbe
reckon'd amongft Arts conjecturall ; fo the enquiry thereof
may be placed inthe number of the moft difficult; and ex-
acteft Arts. Neither yet are we fofenfeleffe , as to imagine
with Paracel/issand the Alchymifts;That there areto be found
. in mans Body certaine Corre[pondences , and Parallels to all the
variety of [pecifíque Natures intbeworld (as Starres, Minerals,
and the reft)as they foolifhly fancy and Mythologize; ftrai-
ningsbut very impertinently,that embleme of the Ancients,
That man was Microcofmus an ab(Iratt , or modell of thewhole
porÍd to countenance their fabulous, and fictious invention.
Yet notwithftanding this is an evident truth, (which we
were about to {ay ) that amongSt all Bodies Naturall , there is
not found any fo multiplicioufly compounded asthe Body of man.
For we fee Hearbes,and Plants, are nourifhed by earth and
: | ' ! water,
ES EIS Ace ONES SER aaa M o RUN
Or Learnina. Lis. IV. 187
|
water;Beafls by Hearbes and Fruicts:But man by the flefh of
living Creatures,as Beafts, Birds, Fifh; and alfo of Hearbes,
Graines, Fruicts, luice,and diverfe Liquors ; not without
manifold commixtutes,feafoning,and,Preparation of thele
Bodies before they come to be mans meate , and aliment.
Adde hereunto,thatBeafts have a more fimple order of life,
andleffe change of affections to worke upon their Bodies;
and they commonly working one way ; whereas man in
his Manfions, exercifes, Paffions, fleepe, and vigilancies is
fubje&tto infinite viciflitudes of changes . So that it is moft
evident chat of all other naturall fubftances , the Body of
man is the moft fermentated, compounded and incorpora-
ted Maffe. Thefoule, oflthe other fide is the fimplett of
fubitances;as itis wellexpreft; ----Purumd, relinquit |
ZEthereum fenfum, atá, Aurai fimplicir ignem. Virg. £n.
So that it is nomarvaile though the foule fo placed, enjoy ~
no refl;according to chat Principle , Motus rerum extra locum Arift Phyt.
eSt rapidussplacidus in loco : But tothe purpofe , this various & de. cal.
and {ubtle compofition and fabrique of mans body, hath
made it,as a curious and exquifite inftrument, eafy to be di-
ftemper'd ; therefore the Poets did well to conjoyne Mufique, eon ia
and Medicine im Apollo ; becaufe tbe Genius of both tbe[e Arts is Orme
alimoSt the fame;and the office of a Phyfitian confifteth meer-
ly in this, to know how to tune, and finger this Lyre of
mans body, that the Harmony may not become difcordant
& har {h.Sothen this inconftancy,and variety of the fubject,
hath made the Art more conjeéturall : And the Art being fo
conje&urall had given more large (cope ; not only to error;
butevento impofture. For almo$t allotber Arts and Sciences
are judg'd bytheir power and operation; and not by their fucce[Je
and worke . The Lawyer is judg d bythe virtue of his pleading,
and not by the iffue of the (aufe; the Mafter inthe S bip approves
bis Art bythe directing his courfe aright , and not bythe fortune
of the voyage. But the Phyfitian, and perhaps the Politique bard:
ly have any proper particular Ags, whereby they may make a
cleer demonStration of their Art and abilities s but beare away bo-
nour or dif grace principally from the event which is ever an une-
Aa quall
188
Virg.4n.7
Ibid.
Ecclef.2,
Agtip. de
wan.{clen-
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
qual jndicature. For who can tell if a Patient dye or recover;
or ifa State be preferved or ruin'd ; whether it beby Art or
Accident? Therefore it often falls out, that the impoftor
beares away the Prize, virtuethe Cenfure .. Naythe weak.
nefle and credulity of men isfuch, 4s they often preferre a
Montebankyr Witch,before a Learn d Phyfitian. Therefore the
Poets were cleer and quick-fighted when they made £fen-
dapius and CirceBrother and Sifter,both children of the Sun,
as inthe Verfes; of Zfculapius the Suns Son,
Jllerepertorem Medicina talis a7 Artis,
FulminePhebigenam Stygias detrufit ad undas;
And likewife of Circe the Sunnes Daughter,
Dives inacceffos ubi folis fili lucos
Affiduo refonat cantu: te&if d, fuperbis
Vrit odoratam nofturna in lumina Cedrum..
For in all times inthe reputation and opinion ofthe Multi-
tude, Witchesand old Women , and Impoftors,have bin ri-
vall Competitors with Phyfitians ;; and have even conten-
ded with them for the fame of Cures. And what I pray yee
followes?Even this,that Phyfitians fay to themfelves,as Sa-
lomon expreffeth it upon a higher occafion, Ff it befalls to me,
as it befalls tothe foole why fhould 7 labour to be morewife? And
therefore I cannot much blame Phyfitians, if they ufe com-
monly to intend fome other Are, or Practife, which they
fancy more than their Profeflion: For you fhall have of
them Poets; Antiquaries, Critiques ; Rhetericians; Poli-
tiques;Diviness& in thefe Arts better feen,than in their own
profeffion.Nor doth this come to paffe,as I {uppofesbecaufe
(asacertaine Declaimor againft {ciences objects againft
Phyfitians)they have ever Converfant before their eyes fuch:
loathfome and fad fpectacles, that they muft needs retire
their minds from thefe objects, to fome other contemplati-
ons;forastheyaremen, Nibil Humani a fe alienum putent.
but for this reafon;whereof we now fpeake; namely, that
they findsthat Mediocrity , and excellency intheir Art maketh
«o difference in profit or reputation towards their Perfons or For
tunes. For the vexations of fickneffe; the fweetneffe of x
the
"Or Learnine. Lis. I V.
the flattery of hope; the commendation of friends ; maketh .
men to depend upon Phyfitians with all their defects : But
ifaman ferioully waigh the matter , thefethings rather re-
doundto the imputation of Phyficians,than their excufati-
on. whofhould not for thefe prejudices caftayway hope;
but encreafe their painsand diligence. For whofoever plea-
feth to excite and awake his obfervation , and a litle look
about him;fhall eafily deprehend even from common and
familiar examples , what a command and foveraignty the
fubrletie and fharpneffe of che underftanding hath over che
variety either of matter,or of the forme of things. Nothing &
more variable than mens fates and countenances ; yet the me-
mory retaines the infinite diftinctions of them: Nay a Pain-
ter with a few fhells of Collours; the benefit of his eye ; the
habit ofhis Imagination; and the fteadinefle of his hand;
can imitatesand draw with his pencillall faces that areshave
bin,or ever fhall besif chey were brought beforehim: No-
thing more variable than mans yoice;y ev we can eafily difcerne
their differences in every particular perfon; nay you fhall
havea Buffóne , ora Pantómimus will render and expreffe
to thelife,as many as he pleafeth. Nothing more variable tban
articulate [ounds of words 5 yet men have found away to re-
ducethemto a few letters of the Alphabet. And thisis moft
certaine , that it is met tbein(ufficiency , or incapacity of mans
mind: but ratber tbe remoie ftanding, ov placing of tbe objett that
breeds tbe[e Mazes and Incomprebenfions.. For as the fenfe a-
farre off is full of miftaking, but within due diftance erres
not much;fo it isin the underftanding. For men ufe common-
lytotake a Profpect of Nature,as from [ome high Turret 5 andto
view bir afarre off, and are too much taken wp with generalities,
whereas if they would voucbf(afeto de[cend and approach neerer to
Particulars; and moré exactly and confiderately look into things
xbem[elvessthere might be made amore true 4&2 profitable difcove-
4147 comprehenfion.Now the remedy of this errorsés not alone
thtssto quicken or ftrengthenthe Organ, but witball to goe ueerer to
the obiett; And therefore there is no doubt but ifPhyfitians ,
letting Generalities goe,for a while,and fufpending their at-
: Aa3 cent
189
190 Or THe ADVANCEMENT
cent thereto, would make their approaches to Nature;
they might become Matters of that Art , whereof the Poet
{peakes, :
OvidR.A, — Etquoniam variant morbivariabimus Artes;
l.2. Mille mali [pecies, mille falutis erunt.
Which they ought the rather endeavour becaufe the Philo-
fophies théfelves upon the which Phyfitians, whether they
be Methodifts or Chymifts doe rely (for Medicine not groun-
ded upon Philofophy is aweak thing) axe indeed very flight &
fuperficiall. Wherefore if too wide Generalities, though true;
have this defect,that they doe not well bring men hometo
Action; certainly there is greater danger inthofe Generalls,
which are in themfelves falfe , and inftead of dire&ing to
truth miflead the mind into the by-paths of Error.
§ Medicine therefore (as we havefeene ) hitherto hath
bin fuch,as hath bin more profeffed,than laboured; and yet
more laboured than advanced; feeing the paines beftowed
thereonshath bin rather in circle, than in progreffion. For
I find much Iteration but {mall Addition in Writers of that Fa-
cultie. |
I Wewilldivideit into three Parts, which we will
callthe three Duties thereof: The firft # Confervation of
health, the fecond the (Cure of Difeafes , tbe third Prolongation
of Life.
§ But forthislaft duty, Phyfitians feeme not to have
acknowledg’d it as any principall part of their Art,but have
(ignorantly enough )mingled and confounded itas one and
the fame with the othertwo. For they fuppofe; that if Di-
feafes be repelled before they feize upon the body; or be cu-
red after they have furpriz’d the body ; that Prolongation of
Life rauft naturally follow « Which though it be fo, without
all queftion, yet they doe not fo exa&ly confider; that thefe
two offices of Confervation and Curation , only pertain to di-
fealess and to fuch Prolongation of Life alone ; which isa-
breviated& intercepted by difeafes:But to draw out the thread
of Lifesand to prorogue Death , for a feafon which filently
fteales upon.us,by naturall refolution , and the M of
ge
of LEARNING. Lis. IV. 191
Age;isan argument that no Phyfitian hath handled ic accor-
ding tothe Merit of the fubje& Neither let thar feruple trouble Fart. Stoic,
the minds of Men, as if this thing committed tothe difpen{ation of om, Ta
Fatesandtbe divine providences were now by us fir[E repealed and.—
commended, to the charge and office of Art: For without doubt
Providertce doth difpofeand determine all kind of deaths
whatfoever , whether they come of violence, or from di-
feafes, or fromthe Courfe of Age; and yet doth not there-
fore exclude Preventions and Remedies. For Art and hu-
man induftry doenot command and rule Fate, and nature;
but ferve and adminifter unto them . Buz of this part we
fhall (peak anon, thus much in the meane by way of antici-
pation, leaft any fhould unskilfully confound this third office
ot Medicine, with the two former, which ufually hitherto
hath bin done.
§ As forthe duty of prefer vation of Health, che firft duty of
the three, many have written thereof, as inother points ve-
ry impertinently, fo (in our judgement) in this particular,
in attributing too much tothe quality of meats, and too litle
tothe quantity thereof; and in the quantity itfelfe,they have
difcourfed like Morall Philofophers ; excefsively praifing
Mediocrity; whereas both fastiag changed to cuftome, and
f'ull feeding , to which a' man hath inured himfelfe, are bet-
ter regiments of health, than thofe Mediocrities which com-
monly enervate Nature, and make hir flothfull; and impati-
ent;if need fhould be, of any extremity, exceffe or indi-
gence. And forthe divers kindes of Exercife; which much
conduce to the confervation of beaith, none of that profefsion
hath well diftinguifht or obferved; whereasthere is hardly
found any difpofitionto a difeafes which may not be cor-
rected by fomekind of exercife proper co fuch an infirmity.
As bowling is good againft the weakneffe of the Reines,
fhooteing againft the obftru&tion of the Longes; walking
and upright deport of the body, againft the crudities of the
ftomack; and for other difeafes other exercitations. Butfee-
ing this part touching the confervation of health, hath bin in
every point after a fort handled, it is not our purpofe to pur-
fue leffer deficiencies. As
a
192 Or THe ADVANCEMENT
Ill. Asconcerning the cures of Difeafessthat is a Part of Me
dicine, whereon much labour hath bin beftowed, but with
{mall profit. It comprehendeth in itthe knowledge of Difea.
fe» to which mans body is fubject, together with the Caz-
Jes, Symptomes, and Cures thereof. In. this fecond Duty of
Medicine, many things are deficient; of thefe we will pro-
pound afew, which aremoreremarkable, which to enu-
merate without precife order or Method, we fuppofe fuf-
ficient.
2) § TheftrfHsthe difcontinuance,of that profitable and ac-
NARRA- curatedilieence of Hippocrates, whofe cuftome wasto fet
E. downe a Narrative of the{peciall cafes of his patients ; what
NALES. the Medicament, what the event. Therefore having fo
proper and notable a precident from him,who was accoun-
ted the Father of the Art, we fhall not need to alleage any
example forraine; fetcht from other Arts; as from the wif-
dome of the lawyers, with whom nothing is more ufuall;
than tofet downe and enter more notable cafes , and new
decifions, whereby-they may the better furnifh and dire&t
themfelves forthe definition of future cafes. Wherefore I
finde this continuation of Medicinall Reports deficient, {pecially
digefted into one entire Body, with diligence and judge-
ment; which yet [underftand notto be made fo ample, as
to extend to every common cafe that daily falls out (for that
werean infinite worke and to (mall purpofe) nor yet fo re-
ferved and contractedas to admit none, but Prodigies , and
wonders; as many have done: for many things are new in
the manner and circumftances of thething, which are not
new in the kinde; and he that fhall give his mind to obferve;
fhallfinde many things even in matters vulgar worthy ob-
fervation.
§ Soin Difquiftions Anatomical, the manner is, that
+ thofe parts which pertaine in generall to Mans Body,-are
compa. moft diligently enquiredand obferved even to a curiofity;
RATA. and that inevery leaft filet: but as touching the variety which is
found in diver[e bodies, there the diligence of Phyfitions failes.
And therefore I grant. that fimple Anatomy hath bin moft
: cleezely
%
ANATO-
"OrLErgaRnwiNG. Lis. IV.
cleerely handled; but Comparative Anatomie; J define
to be deficient. For men have made agood enquiry into all
the parts; and into their confiftencies 5 figures, and colloca-
tions. butthe diverfe figure, condition, and pofture of thofe
partsin diverfe men, they have not fo well obferved. The
reafon of this omilsion I {uppofe is no other than this, thae
the firft inquiry may be fatisfiedin the view of one or two
Anatomies; but thelater, being Com parative and Cafu-
all, muftarife from the attentive and exact obfervation of
many Diffections: and the firftis a matter, wherein learned
Profeffors intheir Letures,& the prefTe of {pectacors ftand-
ing about them, may vaunt themlelves; but the fecond kind
of Anatomie , is a fevere knowledge, which muftbe acqui-
red by a retired fpeculation, and a long experience. Never-
theleffe; there is no doubt butthatthe Figure and Structure
ofthe inward partsis very litleinferiors for variety and linea-
ments, tothe outward members. and that Hearts and Li-
vers and Ventricles are as differentin mensas are either their
Foreheads, or Nofes, or Eares.
$ Andinthefe differences of inward parts, there are often
found the Cau/es continent of many difeafes; which Phyfiti:
ans not obferving; doe fometimeaccule the Humors which
are not delinquent, the fault being in the very Mechanique
Frame offome part. In the cure of which Difeates, to ap-
ply Alterative Medicines 1s cono purpofe (becaufe the part
E isincapable of fuch alterations) but the matter muft
e mended; and accommodated; or palliated by a prefcript
Diet and familiar Medicines. Solikewife to C ow » AR A=
tive ANAToMy appertaine accurate obfervations; as well
ofall kind of humors, as of the footfteps and impre(sions of
difeafes in diverfe bodies diffe&ed: forthe Humotsy in A+
natomies are commonly paftbysas if they were fuperfluous
Purgaments and Excrements;. whereas it isa point very
ufefull and nece(Tary;to note of what nature and of. how
various kinds there be of different humors (not relieing
hereintoo much upon the received divifions, )which fome- _
times may be found inthe body of Man; and in what Cavi-
| Bb ties
193
(2C | Ov Tue ADVANCEMENT
ties and Receptacles, every. humor. ufeth for moft part.to
lodge aind neftle, and with what advantage or prejudice,
andthelike. In like mannerthe foot-Steps and Fmprefions
of Difeafes, andthelefions and devaftations of the inward
parts by them, are co be obferved with diligence in diverfe
Anatomies, as impofthumes, ulcerations , folutions of con-
tinuity, putrefactions, corrofions, confumptions,luxationss
diflocations ; obftructions, repletions , tumors; together
with all preternaturall excreícencies, found in mans bod
(as ftones, carnofities, wens; wormes;and the like;)1 (ay al
- thefe, and fuch other, fhould be with great diligence inqui-
ted, and digefted by that ComparaTite ANATOMY,
whereof we {peak, and the experiments of many Phyfitians
collected and collated together. “But this variety of Accidents,
is by Anatomifts, either handled perfunctorily , or elfe paft
overin filence. |
| $. Touching that other Defet in Anatomie, (namelysthat it
hath not been ufedto be prattifedupon living Bodies, ) to what
end fhould we {peak of it? forthis is an odious and an inhu-
E ReMe- mane experiment; and by (Cejfujuttly condemned: yet not-
"^^ — withftandingsthat obfervation of the Ancients is trues That
many Pores, Paflages and Pertufions, which are more fub-
tilethanthe reft, appeare not in. Anatomical diffe&ions , be-
caule they are fhutand latent in Dead Bodzes ; whereas they
are open and manifeft in Live, Wherefore to confult both
for ufe and humanity , this Avatomia vivorum, is noc altoge-
therto be reiinquiflit, or referred (as Cel/w did) to the cafu:
all infpections offurgions, fecing this may well be perfor-
med; being diverted upon the | Diffe&ien. of Beafts alives
which, notwithftanding the : difsimilitude of their parts
with mans, may fufficiently fatisfie chis enquiry; being
done with judgement. : pk e5itrtG
* $ Likewife intbeir Jnquiry of Difeafes, they finde many
DE NE difeafes which they decerne and judge to beincurablefome,from
MORBO: Une firftacceffe of thedifeafe, othersafter fuch acertain pe-
Ton PEE fothat the Profcriptions of L. Seylla, and the Trius.
NABILI- virs,was nothing to the Profcriptions of Phyfitians by Moo
BVS. y
j ‘Or LEARNING. Lisl V. : 195
by their moft unjuft Edicts they deliver over fo many men
rodeath; whereof numbers doe efcape withiefle difficulty,
than they did in the: Roman Profcriptions. "Therefore 1
will nocdoubt to fet downe among DrrictrENTS 2 work of
zbeeuresof Difeafes beld incurable;that fo fome excellent and,
Generons Profeflors in that faculty, may be awakt and ftir
ed upstofecthis work. (fo farre as the latent operations of
Nature, by mans induftry, may be diíclofed ) (eeing this ve-
ry fentehceof Pronouncing Difea[es to be incurables enacts à
law; as it were» for floath and negligence; and redeemes ig-
norance from Difcredit and Infamy.
56 — Nay farther,to inf [T alittle upon this Point, TeStimeie. *
the of ice of aPhyfitians not eulptorestore health , but tomiti~THanasia
gate dolors, and torments of Difeafes; and noconly when fuh; PHO-
mitigation of paines:as of a dàngerous fymptome, may
make and conduceto recovery; but even whenall hope o£
recovery being gone; itmay ferve to make a faire and eafie! ;
paflageoutof lite. Foritis no-fmall felicicy, which Augu. Sueton.
fiw (afar was wontto wilbto himfelfe, toat fame Eutwanasvap n
which was alío novedin che Death of. Antoniun Pius, who
Íeemed not fo much to dye, as.to be caft into a fweet and:
deep fleep.And it is written: of Epicurm, chat he procured
this fame eafy departure unto himlelfe, for after his difeafe
was judged deíperate; he drowned his ftomacke and fences
with alarge draught;and ingurgication’of wine; whereup-
onthe Epigram was made --hine Stygias ebriw baufit aqudi) Laert, in
Hetook away bythe[z draugbts of wine, the bitter task ofthe Sty Epicuro.
gütm water: -Butin ourtimes Phyfitians make a kind of {cru-
pleandnicity of it, to flay with apatient after the. difeafe is
paft hope of cure; whereas in my judgement, if they would
Aotbe wanting to theirprofeísion;andto humanity it (elfe)
they oughtbothtoenquire theskill, and to givethe atten:
| dance, fonthefacilirating and; affoaging of the paines ud Ago»
«ies of Death attbeir departure: And this part, che inquiry de
Euvruayasta Extertort,(which we fo callto diftinguifh
atfrom that Euthanafia,or fmeet-calme Dyeing, procured by a
due preparation of thé foüle }iwe referre tothenumber óf
Dericuxs. bbirm. § Se
| 196:
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
§ Sointhe Cures of Difeafes, Y finde generally this Defici:
*
DE MEDI- ie : :
cinis AV. ence; thatthe Phyfitians of the time; though they doe not
THENTI-
CIs,
impertinently purfue the generall intentions and {cope of
Cures; yet for particular Receipts, which bya kind of pro-
priety refpect the cures of Ipecificall difeafes; either they
doe not well know them: or they doe not religioufly ob-
ferve them. For the Phyfitians have fruftrated andtaken a.
way the fruit of Traditions, and approved experience; by
theit MagiStralities;in adding and taking out; and changing
ingredients of Receipts attheir pleafure; and almoft after
the manner of Apothecaries putting in Quid pro Quos —
commanding fo prefumptuoufly over Medicine; as the Me-
dicine can no longer command, the difeafe. For except
Treacle, and Mithridatum, and of late Diofcordium ; and the
confection of Alkermes, and a’ few more Medicines; they
commonly tye themfelves tono receipts feverely and ftrict-
ly. Fortheconfe&tions of fale, which are in the fhoppes,
they are in readineffe rather for generall purpofes, than ac-
commo date and proper for particular cures; for they doe
not exactlyreferre to any difeafe in fpeciall; but generally to
the opening of obftructions, comforting concoction, alter-
ing Diftemperatures. And this is the caufe why Empy-
riques and Old woemen are more happy many times in their
Cures; than Learned Phyfitians, becaufe they are faith-
full, and fcrupulous in keeping themfelves to the confe-
&ion and compofitien of approved Medicines. I remember
that aPhyfitian with us here in England, famous for pra-
&ice , in religion halfe Iew:; and almoft an Arabian for his
couríe of ftudy wont to fay; jour European Phyfitians are in-
deed Learned men;but they knomuot tbe: Particular Cures of Di-
feafes send the fame perfonaifed tojeft; but unreverently,
faying That our Phyfitians were like Bifbops they bad the Keyes
of binding and loofingsand nothing elfe:Bur co fpeake the truth
in eatneft;in our opinion it vould be a matter of good con-
fequence,it fome Phyfitians of Note for Learning and Pra-
ctice, would compile aworke of Probations » and experimented
Medicines for the cure of Particular Difenfes >: For that any
Or Learning, Lis IV.
man,induced by (ome fpecious reafon , fhould be of opini-
ons that itis the part A learned Phyfitian ( refpectingthe
complexions of Patients, their Age ; the feafon of the yeare;
Cuftomes and the like, rather to accommodate his Medi-
cines as occafions fuggeft , than to infift upon fome certain
Prefcriptss isa deceiveableaffertion, and which artributes
too litle to experiencestoo much to judgment.Ceriainly as in
the ftate of Rome they were the men moft uíefull, and of
the beft compofition, which either being Confuls favoured.
the People;or being Tribunesinclined to the Senate: So in
the matter we now handle, they be the beft Phyfitians,
which either in their great Learning, doe much valew the
Traditions of Experience; or being famous for Practice, de-
fpife not Methods and Generalities of Art ..As for qualifica-
tions of Medicines ( ifatany time that be expedient ) they
areratherco be practis'd uponthe Defterents of Phyfique,
than incorporated into the Receipt, wherein nothing
fhould be innovated without apparent neceflity. Wherefore
this Part which handleth Authentique and “Pofitive Medicines,
we report as DEriciENT.;but it is a matter not to be attem-
pied or undertaken without a fharpe and piercing judg-
mient,and.as it were, ina Synod of (elect Phylitians.
§ Alfointhe Preparations of Mediciues 1 doe find it ftrange
({pecially conlidering how Minerall Medicines have bin {fo
extolled and celebrated by Chymifts, and chat they are {afer
forthe outward than inward Parts)that so man hitherto hath THER-
endeavoured by Art toimitate Natural Bathes,and Medicinable a
Fountainessand yet it isconfefled that thofe Bathes and Foun- RALIVM.
taines receive their yertues from minerall veines through
which they pafle and for manifeft proofe hereof mans
induflry knows well how to diícerne and diftinguifh from
what kind of Mineralls fuch waters receive their tinctures;
as whetherfrom Sulphur; Vitriol; Steele, or the like : which
natural! tin ures of waters, if it may be reduced to compofiti-
ons of Art, i¢would be in mans power, both to make more
kinds of them as occafion required ; and to command , at
pleafurethe temperament thereof, Therefore ibis Part of the
bns | Bb3 imitation
197
IM1TA-
TIO
ARVM
ATV-
*
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
imitation of Nature in Artificiall Bathes(athing without que-
ftion both profitable and eafy to be done we take tobe
DEP LETENT? 1895957 AREE inp. oi
- § ‘But left F fhould pur[ue Particulars more precifely , chan
is agreeable to our intention , or to the proportion of this
Treatife; I will clofe and conclude shis Part with a note of
one Deficience moreswhich feems to us to be of great confe-
quence; which is, that the Prefcripts in ufe are too compendious
to effect any notable or difficult cure. Forin our judgmentit is
a more vain and flattering, thantrue opinion , to think that
- any Medieine canbe fo foveraign , or fo happy , as thatthe
fimple ufe thereof fhould be of force fufficient for fome
great cure.[t were a ftrange fpeech which {poken’, or fpo-
ken oft ,fhou]d reclaim a man from a vice deeply rooted and
inveterate. Certainly it is fatre otherwife :' But i 2r order,
Purfuit,fequence , Artificial interchangesthat are potent dnd
mighty in nature : Which although they require more exact
judgment in prefcribing; and more precife obedience in ob-
ferving , yetthis is amply recompenced in the greatnefleof
effects. And although a man would think, by the daily dili:
gence of Phyfitians, their Vifications , Seffions;and Prefcri-
ptions,which they performe to the fick; that they did pain:
fully purfue the Cure ; and goe on ina certainé courfe: Yet
let aman exactly look into their prefcripts , and miniftrati-
ons;he fhall find many.ofthem full of wavering; inconftan=
cy, and every dayes devifes; and-fuch as came intotheir
minds without. any certaine, or advifed courfe of Cure.
For they phould even fromthe beginning, aftertbey have made a
full and perfe& difcovery of the difza[e smeditate andrefolveup-
on an orderly (equence of Cure, and not without important rea
fons depart therefrom. And let Phyfitians know for certaines
that ( for example) three perchance , or foure receipts, até
rightly prefcribed for the Cure of (ome great difeafe; which
takenin due order, and in due (paces of time performe the Cives
which ifthey were taken fingle , or by themfelves alone or if thé
Cour[e were inverted , or théintervalls of time not obfer ved oould
be burtfull. Noris it yecout meaning thareveiy f. ME
or LEARNING, Lis. I V.
and fuperftitious way of Cure in eftimation fhould be the
beft ; no more than that every ftraitiway is the way to
Heaven , but that the way fhould be right as well as ftrait
and difficult. And tbis Part which we will call Filum Me.
dicinale we fer downe as Deficient . Sothefe are the Parts
which in the Knowledge of Medicine , touching the cure of
Difeafes, are defiderate , fave that there. remaines yet one
-part more of moreufe than all the other , which is here
wanting, A zrue and Active naturall Philofophie;uponwhich the
feience of Medicine fhould be built : but that belongs notto
this Treatife. VY
HI Tbetbird part of Medicine we have fet down tobe
that of the Prolongation of Lifeswhich isa part new and De:
fis na
DE PRO-
LON-
ficient , and the moft noble ofall: For ifany fuch thin g may GANDO
be found out,Medicine fhall not be practis d only inthe im-
CVRRI-
CVLO
purities of Cures, nor fhall Phyfitians be honour'd only fot vr1&.
Neceffity, but for aguift,the greateft of earthly Donations
that could be conferr'd on mortality, whereof meninexcun-
der God, may bethe Difpenfers and Adminiftrators . For al-
though the world to. a (briftian man, travailing to the land of
Promife, beas it were awilderne[]e yet that our (booes and veft-
ments ( that ts our Body, which is as a converture tothe foule) be
beffe worne away while we fojourne in tht wilderne|fesis to be efti-
med a gift comming from the divine goodnelfe. Now becaufe
this is one of the choiceft parts of Phifique, and thar we
have fet it downe amongft Deficients, we will after our ac-
cuftomed manner give fome Admonitions,Indications,and
Precepts thereof. 3
$ Firffwe adverti(e ; thatof Writers. in this Argument
thereis none extant that hath found out any thing of worth;
that I may not fay;any thing found touching this fubject.
Indeed Ariftotle hath left unto pofterity a {mall briefe Com-
mentarie of thismatter; wherein there is fome acuteneffe,
which be would baveto be all can be faid , as bis manner is.:-. But Delonsi-
the more recent Writers have writcen fo idlely , and fuper-
ftitioufly upon the point,chatthe Argument it felfe,chrough
their vanity is reputed vaine and fenfeleffe. |
2s § Secondly
tud. &
Brev. vit.
———
200 Or THE ADVANCEMENT
§ Secondly,we advertife thatthe intentions of Phyfitians
touching this Argument are nothing worth; and that they
rather lead men away from the point,than direét them unto
it. For they difcourfe that Death is a deftitution of Heate and
Moiflure , and therefore natural beate fhould be comforted and
* Arabian 744ical moifture cheri/ht,as ifit were a matter to be effected by
Plums, Broaths, or Lettuces, & Mallows,or* Iujubs,or fine Wafer-
cakes or elfe with hot {pices generous wine, or the {pirits of
NP or chymicall oyles; all which doe ratherhurt; than
elpe. Y
¢ Thirdly , we admonifh men that they ceafeto trifle,
and that they be not fo credulous as to think that fuch a
great worke as this issto retard and turne back the courfc of Na-
ture,may be brought to perfection by a morning draught,
or theufe of {ome precious Receipt;no not with Aurum Po-
tabile,or the fubftances of Pearles,or fuch like toyes,but thas
they take itfor a grounded truth , that the Prolongation of
Lifz,isa great work , and which confifts in many kinds of
. Receipts, and of an orderly courfe and connexion of them:
And letno man be fo ftupidas to believe , that what never
yet was donescan be now effected , but by meanes yet never attem-
pted.
§ Fourthly we admonifh men that they rightly ob-
ferve and diftinguifh touching thofe Receits which con-
duce to ahealthfull life , and thofe which conferre to a long
life. Forthere are many things which exhilaratethe fpirits;
ftrengthé the active powers of naturesrepell difeafesswhich
yet fübdu& from the fumme of life, and without fickneffe
accelerate aged Atrophie . And there are other receipts
which conduce to the Prolongation of life ,and the retardati-
on of the Atrophie of old-age , butyet are not us'd without ha-
zard of health: So that they who ufe thefe remedies for
the prorzgation of life, muft likewife provide againft(uch in-
conveniences as upon their ufage may unexpectedly fal out.
Andthusmuch by way of Admonition.
§ Asfor Indications, theimage , or Idea we have con-
ceiv'd in our mind hereof, is this; Things are conferv'd and
Va | continued
OrLearnina. Lis. IV.
Continued two wayes; either in their owne Identitie,or by
Reparation. Intheir proper Jdentitie ; as à Flieor an Antin
Amber ; a Blower; an apple or wood in Confervatories of
" Snow; adead corpsin Balfame. By Reparation,as in Flame,
and Mechanique. He that goes about the worke of Pro-
longation of Life, muft put in practice both thefe kinds , (for
difunited; their ftrength is weakned )and Mans body mutt
beconferv'd after the {ame manner inanimate Bodies are con-
ferved;and againe,as Flame is conferved 5 and laftlyseven as
Mechaniques are conferved. Whereforethere are three intent i-
ons for the Prolongation of Life;the Retar dation of Confumption,
the Integrity of the Reparation , andthe Renovation of that which
begun to decay and grow old . Confiumjtion is caus'd by two De-
predations, Depredation of innate Spirit, and Depredation of
ambient Aire: The refiftance of both is two-fold, either when
the Agents (that is , the fuc and moiftures of the Body ) be-
come lefle Predatory; or the Patients are made lefTe depreda-
ble. The Spirit is made lefle Predatory , if either it be con-
denfed in fubftance,as in the ufe of Opiates,and nitrous ap-
plication,and in contriftations; or be diminifbed in Quantity,
as in {pare Pythagoricall or Monafticall Diets: or is {weet-
ned and refrefht with motion,as in eafe and tranquility . Ambi-
ent Aire is madelefle Predatory, either when it is Jeff hea-
ted with the beames of the Sunne » as in colder countries; in
Cayes,in Hills, and in the Pillars or Stations of Anchorites;
or when itis repell'd from the Body as in dens-clofe skin;
| inthePlumage of birds, andtheufe of oyle and unguents
without Aromatique Ingredients .. The juyce and fucculen-
cies of the Body’, are made leffe depredable,if either they be
made more indurate, or more dewy,and cyly : Indurate asin
auffere courfe Diet;inalife accuftomed tocold, by {trong exer-
sifessby certaine Minerall Batbes.Rofcide or dewy , as inthe
ufe of {weet meats and abftinence from meats, falt anda-
cide;but efpecially in fuch a mixture of drinks ; as is of parts
very tenuious and fubtle , and yet without all acrimony or
tartnefle. Reparation à done by Aliments; and Alimentation is
promoted foure wayes : By the Concottion of the inward ren
| Cc or
201
202
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
Le ies cna oc eti nhc oos Sn e Te eir
forthe fending forth of the nourifhment, as in Confortatives
of the Principall Bowells; by excitation of the outwart parts
for the attraction of nourifhmaent, as indue exercifes and fri-
cations; and fome kind of unétions and appropriate Bathes,
by preparation of the Aliment it felfe; that it may more eafily
infinuate it (elfe; and ina fort anticipate Digeftions as in di-
verfe and artificiall kinds of feafoning meat, mingling drinke,
leavening bread, and reducing the virtues of all thefe three
into one; by comforting the laftact of Afimilation ; as in fea-
fonable Jie and outward or Topique Applications: the Reno-
t
vation of that which began to waxe old, is performed two
waies, either by inteneration of the babit of the body it felfe, as
in the ufe of fuppleing or foftning applications by Bathes,
emplafters and unétions, of uch quality as may foak or in-
finuate into the parts but not extract from it; or by expurga-
tion of the old moifture, and [ubftitution of new moifture, as im
feafonableand often purging; letting of blood; attenuating
Diets, which reftore the Flower of the Body, and fo much
for Jndications.
§ As for Precepts, although many of them may be dedu-
ced from the Jndications yet we thought good to fet downe
three ofthe moft principall. Firftwe give in Precept that
the Prolongation of life, mutt beexpected from a prefcript fee
Diet, ratherthan from any familiar regiment of Foode, or
the excellency of particular receipts: for whatfoever are of
fuch virtue as they are able to make nature retrograde, are
commonly more ftrong and Potent to alter, than that they —
can be compounded together in any medicine, much leffe
be intermingled in familiar foode. It remaines therefore
that fuch receipts be adminiftred regularly, and fuccefsively
and at fet appointed times, returning incertain courfes. —
& Our[zcond Precept ttstbat tbe Prolongation of life be ex-
petted, rather from working upon [pirits, and from a malacilJatiom
or inteneration of Parts, than from any kinds of aliment or order
of Diet. For teeing the Body of Manand the Framethereof
(leaving afide outward accidents)three waies becomes Paf-
five, namely fromthe fpirits; from tbe parts; and from —
the
Or Learnine. Lis. IV.
the way of Prolongation of life by means of aliment isa long
way about,and that by many ambages and circuits; but the
waies by working upon the{pirits, and uponthe parts; are
more compendiousand fooner brings us co the end defired;
becaufethe fpirits are fodainly moved, both from ‘vapours
andpaísions, which work ftrangely upon them: and the
Parts, by Bathes, unguents or emplaifters, which in like
manner make way by fodaine imprefsions.
-§ Our third Precept is, that Malaci[Jation or inteneration of
Parts hy outward Topiquess must be performed bysapplicationg
confubftautiall , Penetrating, and Sringent.. ConWabftantialls
are Willingly intertained with a kindly embrace, and pro-
perly intenerate and fupple; Penetrating and infinuating re-
medies are the Defferrents, as it were, of Malaciffánt and
mollifying qualities, and convay more eafily and imprefled-
ly the virtue thereof; and doe themíelves (omewhat expand
and openthe Parts, » ReStringents keep inthevirtue of them
both, and for atime fixe it, and alfo cohibite and repreffe
petfpiration; which isathing repugnant to malaci[Jztion or
{ppleing ,becaufe it fends forth the moifture; wherefore by
thefe three ( but difpofed in orders and fucceeding, then in-
termixt) the matter is effected. Fn tbe mean we give this ca-
yéat; that it is not the intention of Malaciffation by outward
topiques to nourifh Parts; but only to render thera more ca-
pable of nourifhment: for whatfoever is more drie, is leffe
Activeto afsimilate. And thus much of the Prolongation of
life, which isa third part newly alsigned to Medicine.
-§ Come we now to Cofmetique medicaments or the Art of De-
coration; which hath indeed,parts Civile, and parts effemi-
nate. For cleanneflejand the :civile beauty of the Body was
ever eftimedto proceed from à modefty of behaviour, and
a. due reverence inthe firfhplace towards God, whofe crea-
tutes we are; then towards focittys wherein we live; and
then towards our felves, whom we ought no leffe, nay
much more torevetethan we doe any others. But thit Adul-
terate decoration by “Painting and Cerufferit ts well worthy of
the imperfections: which attend it; being ‘neither fine
Ccz enough
204.
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
PH ti RE a Pi A ga eg
. enoughtodeceive,nor handfome to pleafe, nor (afe and
2 Reg. g.
wholfome to ufe. And it is a wonder that this corrupt cu-
ftome of paintings hath fo long efcaped penall lawes, both
ofthe Church and ofthe ftate; which yet have bin very fe-
vere againftthe excefsive vanity of Appareil, and the effe-
minate trimming of haire. We read indeed of Iefabell that fhe
painted her face; but of ESlber and Fudith, noe {uch matter ts re-
ported. 2
§ Let ws proceed to Athletique, which we take in a fome-
what ue fencethan ufually itis. For to this we re-
ferre any point of Ability, whereunto thebody of man may
be brought;or any aptitude thereto, whether it be of AGvity
or of Patience: whereof Activity hath two parts, /trength and
fwifineffesand patience likewife hath two parts, fudurance of
Natural wants, and Fortitudein torments. Of all thefe we fee
many times notable Inftances in the practife of Tumblers, in
the hard fare of fome Salvages ; in the wonderfull ftrength
of Lunatiques; and inthe eonftancy of many inthe midftof
exquifite torments. Nay if therebe any other faculty, which
falls not within ¢ as in thofe that Dive; that obtain a ftrange
power of containing Refpiration, and the like) we referre it
tothis part. Andthat fuchthings may fometimes be done;
is moft certain: but the Philofophy and eaquiry of caufes
touching them;is commonly neglected ; for this reafon as
we fuppofe, becaufe men are. perfwaded, that fuch maifte-
ries and commands over Naturesare obtained either by a pe-
culiar imbred aptnefle of fome men; which falls not with-..
inthe rules of difcipline; or from a continuall cuftome from
childhood, which rather iscommanded thantaught. Which
though it be not altogether fo trues yet to whatend fhould
we note any Deficience? for the Olympique games are down
long firice, and a mediocrity in thefe things is enough for
ufe; bucan excellency in them ferveth commonly but for
Mercenary oftentation.
§ In the last place we come to Arts of Pleafure: Theysas
the fenfes to which they referre are of two kinds; Painting
delights the eyesefpecially , with an infinite number of fuch
rd Arts
"Or EBA RNIN Gs ESO V.
Artsappertaining to Magnificence about Buildings; Gar-
dens; Garments, Veffels; Cups, Gemmes;and the like. Ma-
fique delights tbe eare, whichis fet out with fuch variety and
preparation of Voices; Aires, and Inftruments. In ancient
time water-Inftruments were eftimed the chiefe Organs of
thar Art which now are almoft growne out ofufe. Thefe
Arts belonging to the eye and tbe eare axe principally above
the reft accounted Liberal, thefe two fenfes are more chaft,
the fciences thereof more learned , as having in their traine
the Mathematique Ait as their Handmaid: So the one is
referr'dto Memory and Demonftrations; the otherunto
Manners,and the Paflions of the Mind. The delight of the
other fenfes and the Arts about which they are converfant,
are inlefle reputation and credit , as drawing neerer tofen-
fuality than magnificence. Unguents; Odors; Dainties; De-
licious fare, and incitements to Luft; need rather a Cenfor
to repreffethem; than a Doctorto inftru&them. And itis
well obferved by fome, That while States and Commonwealths
bave bin intheir growth and rifing Arts military have flourifbt;
when they have binfetled and flood at a height,Arts liberal. and
drawing totheir declenfion and ruine, Arts voluptuarie . Andit
is to be fear’d thatthis age of the world being fomewhat
upon the defcent ofthe wheele, inclines to Arts voluptuarie:
Wherefore we paffe them over. With Arts voluptuarie | cou-
ple Practices Iocularie; forthe deceiving of the fenfes , may
be fet downe as one of the delights of the fenfes.
§ And nowwe have gone through the Knowledges concer-
ning the Body of man..( Pbyfique; Co[metique ; Athletique, and
*Coluptuarie)we admonifh this much by the way, that fee-
ing fo many things fall into confideration about the Body of
man as Parts;Humours; Fun ttions; Faculties, Accidents. & {ee-
ing(if we could aptly doe it)an entire Body fhould be made
touching the Body of man, which might comprehend all
" thefe ( liketo that of the knowledge of the Souleswhereof we
fhall {peake anon Jhotwichftanding left Arts fhould be too
much multiplied , or the ancient Limits of Artstranfpos d,
morethan need muft; we receive into the Body of Medi-
£63 cine;
y^ dx.
206 Or THe ADVANCEMENT
cine tbe knowledge ofthe Parts of mans Body , of Funttions» of
Humours; of Refpirations of Sleepe; of Generation . of the fruit of
the Wombe of GeShation in the Wombe; of Growth; of the flower of
Age; of whit Haires ; of Impinguation, andthe like; although
they doe not properly pertaine to thofe three duties of (on-
fervation of Health; (Cure «f Difeafes;Prolongation of Life. But
becauíe mans body is every way the Subjeét of. Medicine.
As for voluntarie motion ; and feníe swe referrethem tothe
knowledge concerning the Soule; as two principall Parts there:
of. Andío weconclude the knowledge which concernes mans
“Body, whichis but the Tabernacle of the Soule. 1
Sorin Bier gie Gio in div Bho Bin Sinn aon ea
CAP. ‘IIL. |
j The Partition of Humane Philofophie concerning tbe Mind , into
the knowledg of the infpired Efvence;e> into tbe knowledge of the fen.
fible, oF produéted Soule. §, Afecond Partition of the fame Phi-
lofophie , intorhc knowledge of the Subftance and Faculties of the
Soulc and the knowledge of the w[e and Objects of the Faculties . 11.
Two Appendices ot the Knowledge concerning the Facultiesof
the Soule. §. The knowledge of Naturall Divination, 8. Andthe
knowledge of Fafetnation. YI. The Difribution of the Facul-
ties of the fenfible Soule, § Into CMotion;and S into Sene.
RCUSES OW letw proceed to tbe Knowledge which concerns
aN "Pe Mind or Soule of man , out of the treafures
SUE whereof all other Knowledges are extracted.
It batb two Parts , the one entreateth of the Reafonable Soule,
which is athing Divine;tbe other of the unreafonable Soule which
1r common to us with Beafls «We have noted a litle before
(where we fpeake of Formes, )thofetwo different Emana-
tions of Soules, which inthe firft Creation of them both; of-
fer themfelves unto our views that is; that one hath it's ori-
ginall from the Breath of God; the other from the Matrices of
the Elements; for of the Primitive Emanation of the Ratio-
Geb. 2+ nall Soule,thus fpeakesthe Scripture; Deus formavit bominem
de limoterrast? (biravit infaciem eiw fpiraculum ite : Butche
Generation
FANS
SRY
or Learnrna, Lis. IV.
Generation of the unreafonable Soule,or of Beafts, was ac-
207
complifheby thefe words, Producat Aqua, Producat Terra: Con».
And this irrational! Soule,as it is in man , is the Inftrument
only to the Reafonable Sowle ; arid hachthe fame originall in
us,that it hath in Beafts ; namely , fromthe flime of the earth;
for itis not faidGed form’ dthe Body of mans of the [lime of the
Earth,but God formed man , that is the whole man that Spira-
culum excepted. Wherefore we will ftile that part of the ge-
nerall knowledge concerning mans foule; the knowledge of
the fpiracle;orin[piredfub[lance,and the other Part,the know-
ledge of the Senfible or Produ& Soule. And {eeing that hither-
to we handle Philofophie only ( placing facred Theologie in
the clofe of this worke )we would not have borrowed this
Partition from Divinity, if ithad not here concurr’d with
the Principles of Philofophie. There are many and great Pre-
cellencies of the foule of man, above the foules of beafts , evident
unto thofe who philofophize even according to fenfe: And
wherefoever the concurrent Characters of fuch great ex-
cellencies are foundsthere fhould ever,upon good reafon,be
made a fPecifique Difference. Wherefore we doe not altoge-
ther fo well allow the Philofophers promifcuous; and con-
fufe Difcourfes touching the Funtionsofthe Soule ; as ifthe
Soule of man was differenced gradually , rather than fpecifiquely.
From the foule of BeaSs; no otherwife than the Sun amongft
the Starres,or Gold amongft Metals.
§ Thereremaines another partition alfo to be annexed to
the knowledge in Generall concerning the foule or mind of man,
before we {peake at large of the kinds : For what we fhall
fpeake of the fpecies hereafter; comprehendeth both the par-
titions; as well that which we have let downe already 5 as
this which we now fhall propound .' Wherefore the fecond
Partition may Le , intotbe knowledge concerningtbe Subftance
and Faculties of the Soule, and into the knowledge concerning
theufe and objects of the Faculties.
§ This two-fold Partition of the Soule thus premis’d,
let us now come unto the fpecies or kinds. The knowledge
of the Spiraculum, or infpired Effenees asthat coricerning the
fubftance
208
Anime
Origo
Myfteriü.
x
DE $V B-
STANTIA
ANIM E
Or THE ADVANCEMENT.
Subftance of the Reafonable Soule , comprehendsthefe [n-
quiries touching the Naturc thereof ; as whether; bé Na-
tive, or Adrentive; Separable, or Fnfeparable , Mortal, or Tm-
mortall . bowfarre it tied to the Lawes of Matter, howfarres
not,and the like? What other points foever there are of this
kind, although they may be more diligently, and foundly
inquired even in Philofophie, than hitherto they have bins
yetfor all this, in our opinioa, they muft bebound over at
lafbunto Religion, there tobe determined and defined, for
otherwile they ftilllye opento many errors and illufions of ©
fene. For feeing that the fubftance of the Soule was not deduced
and extratted in bir Creation from the Maffe of Heaven and
Earth ,but immediatlyin(pired from God; and [ceing tbe Lawes of
of Heaven and Earth ave the proper fubjetts of Philofophies how
canthe knowledge of the fubftance of the Reafonable Soule be
derived or fetch't from Philofophy? But it muft be drawne from
the fame. iafpiration from whence the fubjiance thereof firft
flowed.
§ TheKnowledge of the fenfble or produced Soule, as
touching the fubftance thereof is truly enquired into; but
this inquiry feemes to us to be Dericient: For what
SENSIBILIS makes theletermes of Actus Vtimus;and Forma Corporis.and
fuch like wilde logicall Univerfalities,to the knowledge of
the Soules fubftance? For the fenfible Soule, or the foule of
Beafts muft needs be granted, te be a Corporal fubftance atte-
nuated by heateand made nvifible : 7 {ay,athinne gentle gale of
wind [well d and blowne upfrom [ome flamy and airy Nature sin-
deed with the foftneffe of Aire to receive impreffion , and with the
vigor of fireto embrace action , nourifbed partly by anoyly , part-
ly by awatery [ubftance; [pread over the * Body;refiding ( in per-
Teles, dese Creatures \chiefly inthe head;running through the nerves;re-
Rer.Nat. fre/ht and repair’d by. the fpirituous bload of the Arteries; as
lib. 5.
Donius.
well underftood hath brought forth fuperftitious and very
“Bernardinus.Telefius,and his Scholler, Auguftinus Donius in
fome pointssnot altogether unprofitably , have delivered it.
Letthere be therefore made a more diligent inquiry tou-
ching this knowledge.and the rather for that this point, not
con-
a
or Learninea. Lis. IV.
209
contagious opinions,and moft vilely abafingsthe Dignity of
the foule of man; of Tran{migration of [oules out of one Body into
another and Luffrations of {oules by Periods of yeares3and finally
ofibetoo neere affinity in every point of the foule of manswith the
fouls of beats. This foule in Beafts is a principal foule where-
ofthe body of Beaftsis the Organ ; but é# mam this (oule is it
"felfé an Organ ofthe Soule Rationall, and may rather be cal-
led by che appellation of a Spirit, than ofa Soule. And thus
much of the fubfZance of the Soule.
§ The Faculties of the Soule afe well knowne 1o be, Vnder-
flanding;Rea[on; Imagination; Memory; Appetite ; Will, and all
thofe Powers, about which the Sciences of Logique and €-
thique are converíant . But inthe knowledge concerningthe
foutesthe Originall of thefe Faculties oughtto be handled , and
that Phyficallysas they are connaturall with the Soule , and
adhere to it : Only their #/és.and obieéts are defigned to o-
ther Arts. And in this Part(in our opinion)there hath bin no
extraordinary performance hetherto, although we doe not
report it as Deficient.
II This Parttouching the Faculties of the Soule hathtwo Aps
pendices;which asthey Have binhandled have rather prefent®
ted us with {moakesthan any lucide flames of truth.one of
thefe is the Knowledge of Naturall Divination, the other of
Fafcinstion.
§ Divination hath bin anciently and fitly divided into
two Parts, Artificial! and Naturall. Artificial by arguing
from the Indication of fignes,collectes a Prediction: Naturall
fromthe internall Divination of the mind without the af-
fiftance of fignes, makes a Prefage . Artificial is of two forts,
one argueth from Cafes ;. the other from Experiments only,
by ablind way of Auctoritie ; which later is for the moft
part fuperftitious fuch as was the Heathen Difcipline upon
the in/pettion of the Intrals of Beafts ; the flight of Birds; and
the like: Sothe folemne Aftrologie of the Chaldeans was
litlebetter. Both the kinds of Artificial Divination are diftri-
buted amongft diverle Sciences. The Aftrologer hath his
Predictions from the fituation of the ftarres; the arii
at
210
Saluft.in
Tugurth,
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
hath his Predictions,of the approach of Death;of Recovery;
ofenfuing Symptomes of Difeafes; from Vrines; Pulíes; af-
pect of Patients,and the like. The Politique hath his: Predé-
ctions, O urbem venalem i7 cità perituram, fi emptorem inyene-
ritsThetruth of which Prophefie ftaid notlong , being firft
accomplifht in Syllasafter in Cefar, Wherefore Predictions
ofthis Nature are not pertinent to the prefent purpofe, but.
are to be referred over to their proper Arts.But the Divinati-
on Naturall , which {pringeth from the internall Power of :
the Soule, is that which we now [peak of. This 15 of hwo forts,
the one Native ;the other by Influxion. Native is grounded up-
on this fuppofition, thatthe mind when it is withdrawne and col-
letted into it [elfe, and not diffufed into Organs of the Body, bath
fromthe naturall Power of its owne E[[ence , fome Prenction of
things furure.And this appeares moft in fleepe;Extafies; Pro-
pinquity of Death;more rare,in waking , or when the Body
is healthfullandftrong. And this ftate of the mind is com-
monly procured and furthered by abftinencies, and thofe
obfervancies which doe moft of all retire the Mind unto it
felfe fromthe practique functions of the Body ; that thus re-
*dim'd from the incombrances of exterior ingagements it
may pofleffe and enjoy its owne Nature. But Divination by
Fnfluxionis grounded upon another {uppofition, That the
Minds a Mirror or Glaffe fhould take a [econdary kind of Tllu-
mination from thefore-knowledge of God and Spirits , unto which
the [ame State and Regiment of the Body which was to the firft,
doth likewife conduce . For the fame fequeftration of the mind
caufeth it more feverely to imploy its owne Effence; and
makesit more fulceptive of Divine Influxions: fave that the
foule , in Divinations by Influxion isxapt with a kind of fer-
vency and impatiencysas it yvere of the Deitie , wherewith
itis poffeft( which the Ancients noted by the name of facred
Fury,butin Native Divination,the mind isenfranchis d and
neerer to arepoferather, and an immunity from labour.
§ Faf[cinationtt tbe Power and intenfive Act of the Imagi-
nation upon the “Bodie of another , ( for of the Power of the I-
magination upon the Body of the imaginant, we have sas
C: cen
Or Learnine. Lis. LV.
21f
ken before) . In this kind the /choole of Paracelfus,and the
Difciples of pretended Natural! Magique; have bin. foin-
temperatesas they have only notequall'd the force and ap-
prehenfion ofthe Imagination, with the power of miracle-
Par, In
Param.
Crollij
working faith. Others ; drawing neerer to the fimilitude of Pref
eruth , when they had more intentively confidered the fe-
ret energies and impreflions of things ; the Irradiations of
thefenfes; the tranfmiflions of cogitations from Body to
Body ; the conveyances of Magnetique virtues ; came to be
of opinion,that much more might fuch Impreffions, Infor-
mations; and Communications be made, from fpirit to fpi-
rit; beingthata fpiritofall other things is more powerfull
and ftrongto worke, and more foftand penetrable to fuf-
fer:whence the conceits have growne, made almoft popu-
laresof the Mafteringfpirit; of men ominous and unlucky,
of the ftrokes of love and envysand of others of like Nature.
Incident unto this,is the enquiry, How the Imagination may
be intended and fortified? For if the Imagination fortified be of
fuch great power, then it is materiall to know by what
waies it may be exalted, and made greater than itfelfe? And
here comes incrookedly , and as dangeroufly,a Palliation
and Defence of a great part of (eremoniall Magique. For it
may bea fpecious pretence that Ceremonies ; Characters,
Charmes;Gefticulations; Amulets;and the like, doe worke not
by any tacite or facramentall contraét with evill [pirits ; but ferve
only to ftrengthen and exalt the imagination of bim that ufeth
them; even as tbe ufe of mages in religion hath prevail d for the
fixing of mens minds in tbe Contemplation of things , andthe rai-
fing of the devotion of them that Pray. But for my owne judg-
ment, if itbe admitted,that the force of Imagination is (o Po-
tent,and that Ceremonies exalt and fortifie that Power,and
be it granted,chat Ceremonies are uled fincerely to that in-
tention,&as a Phyficall Remedy, without the leaft thought
of inviting the afiftance of Spirits by them ; yet,for all his; I
fhould hold them unlawfull, becaufe they impugne and
contradic that divine Edict pafs‘d upon man for finne, In
{udore vultus comedes panemtuum. Forthis kind of Magique Gen 3.
Dd2 propounds
212
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
^ propounds thofe noble fruits , (which God hath fet forth ta
*
DE NIXI-
be bought at the price of Labour)tobe purchas'd by a few
eafy and floathfull obfervances. “
Til There remaine two. knowledges, which referre
{pecially tothe Faculties of the inferiour or fenfible Soule , as
thofe which doe moft Communicate with corporall Or«
gans, the one isof Voluntary Motion, the other of [enfe and
fenfibility... o efor) 1
§ Inthe former of thefe the Inquiry bath bin very fü:
perficiall, and one entire part almoft quite left out. For con-
cerning the office and apt fabrique of the Nerves and Muf-
cles, and of other parts requifite to thts Motion, and which
part ofthe Body refts whileft another is moved , and that
the Governour and Chariot-driver,as it were, of this Motiow,
isthe Imagination; foasdifmiffing the Image to whichthe
Motion was caried,,; the Motion it flf is prefently intercep-
tedandarrefted(as when we walke, if an other ferious and
fixedthought come intoour mind , we prefently ftand ftill)
and many othet {uch fubtleties not to be flightedshave now
long agoe come into Obfervation and Enquiry. And bow
Qompreffions ,' and .Dilatations , and Agitations of the Spirit
(which without queftion is the {pring of Motion )fhould in-
clinesexcite;and enforce the corporall and ponderous Maffe
of the Parts, hath not. jet bin enquired into , and handled with
diligence ; and no marvaile;feeing the fenfible foule it felfe
hath bin hitherto takenfor an entelechie or felfe moving Facul-
tie,and (ome Function,rather than a Subftance.But now it is
knowneto bea cotporall and materiate Subftance ; it is ne-
ceffary tobe enquired, by what efforts fucha pufill anda
thin-foft aire fhould put in motion,fuch folid and hard:bo-
dies. Therefore feeing this part is DEr1crENT let enquiry be
madethereof. | 2h 5 261 3d
§ Butoffenfeand fenfibility there hath bin made a farre
more plentifull and diligentienquiry,both in Generali Trea-
tifes about them ,, andin Particular Sciences, asin Perfpe-
Hive,and Mufique 5; how trüly; is not to our purpole to deli-
ver. Wherefore we cannot fetthem downe as DEri1CTENTSZ
£i Not-
Or LEARNING, Lis. IV. 213
Gb oi ES ahs sas petite lel ei a ir ZH
Notwithftanding there are two noble and remarkable Parts,
which in this knowledge we affigne tobe. Deri ctenTt;the
one concerning the differenceof Perception and Seufe; the o-
thee concerning the Forme of Light. | Ps
..§ <Asforthe Difference between Perception and Senfe, Phi- DE DIETE:
lofophers fhould ia their writings defem/ 09 fenfbili have reRcer-
1 — - in TIONIS
premis'd afolid and found difcovery thereof , as a matter ET sENsvs
Fundamentall. For we fee thatthere is a manifeft power of
Perception even in all Bodies Naturall; and a kind of Eleéti-
onto embrace that which is any way allied in nature, and
favourable to them; and to fly what is adverfe and forraine:
Neither doe we meane of more fubrile Perceptiows only , as
when the Loadslone drawes unte it Iron; Flame leapesto Bitumi-
nous Mould,one Buble of water neere another Buble, clofeth
and incorporates with it; Rayes glance from a white ob-
ject;the body of living Creature affimilates that which is
good for it, excerneth what is unprofitable; a peece of
{ponge even when itis rais'd above the furface of the wa-
ter,(ucks in water,expells ayre;and the like. For to what end
fhould we enumerate fuch inftances, feeing no body plac'd
neereto another , changeth the other > or is changed of its
unleffe areciprocall Perception precede the operation . Eve-
ry Body hath a Perception of the Pores & Paflagesby which
it infinuates it felfe;it feeles the invafion of another Body to
which it yeeldeth; it percerves the remove of another Body;
by which it was detained; when it recovers it felfe,, it per-
ceives the divulfion ofits continuance , which for a time re-
fiftech ; and in a word Perception is diffufed through the
whole body of Nature. Aire doth fo exa&ly Senfe Hotand
Cold, thatthe Perception thereof is farre more fubtile than
mans Touch, which yet is taken for the difcerning Rule of
Hotand Cold. Two faults therefore are found concerning
this knowledge; that men have for moft part paft it over
toucht, & un handled which notwithftanding is amoftune-
ble{peculation: The other isthat they who perchance have
addicted their mindstothis concemplation,have in che heat Gana:
of this Purfuit gonetoo farre; and attributed Senfé to 4I17Bo-1; aij à
D43 dies,
214 Or THe ADVANCEMENT
é dies , that it is amoft a piaculate crime 10 pull offa bow froma
Cg E03 Tyee, Dei it Jbould groane and complaine as *Polydore did. But
they fhould explore with diligence the difference of Percep-
tion and Senfz,not only in comparing of Senfibles with Infen-
fibles according tothe entire body (as of Plants, andliving
Creatures ) but alfo to obferve in the fenfibleBody , what
fhouldbe the caufe that fo many Actions fhould be dif-
charg'd and that without any Sen/e at allPWhy Aliments are
digefted,egefted : Humors and fucculent moyftures caried
upwards and downwards; the Heart and Pulfe beate ; the
Guts as fo many Shops ; or Worke-houfes fhould every one
accomplifh his proper wotke ; and yet all thefe and many
fuch like are performed without Senfe? But men have not
with fufficient enquiry fearcht or found out of what Na:
ture the Action of Senfeis; and whatkind of Body; what
delay ; what Conduplication of impreffion are required to
this,that pain or pleafure fhould follow?To clofe this point
they doe feemto be altogether ignorant of the difference be-
twixt fmple Perception and fenfe ; howfarre Perception may be
made without fenfe? Noris this Enquiry a Controverfie of —
words,but a matter of great and important moment.Where-
Sore let chere be made a better inquiry of this knowledge, as
of a matter very profitable,and of manifold ufe.Confidering
alfothat the ignorance of fome of the Ancient Philofo-
pherstouching this matters fo farre obfcured the light of
reafon,as that they thought,there was without any difference, a
Soule infufed into all Bodies.nor did they conceive how Moti-
om;with a difcerning inftinét,could be made without Sene;
or Senfe exift without a Soule. Uu
§ As forthe Form of Light chatthere hath not bin made
RADIX adueenquiry thereof ( {pecially feeing men have {o pain-
Pore fully imploy d their Studies inthe Perfpetives) may well be
SIVE DE cenfur'dasa ftrange overfight . For neither in the Perfpe-
FORMA éives, nor el{where, is there any thing inquired concerning
EVGIS. Light , of any worth or waight : The Radiations of itare
handled the Originalls not: But the placing of Per/pe fives a-
mongft the Mathematiques hath begotten this defzék ; and -—
OrLearninie Lis. IV.
oflike nature , becaufe men have made a too early departure
from Phyfiques . So onthe other fide the handling of Light
and che Caufes thereof; in Phyfiques is commonly luperfti-
tious , as of athing of a middle nature betwixt things natu-
rall,and Divine; in fo much as fome of Platoes School have
introduced Light as a thing more ancient than Matter i;
felfe.For when the empty {pace was fpread abroad they af-
hrnrd, ina vaine imagination that it was firft fill'd with
Light, and afterwards with a Body, whereas Holy writ fets
. downe plainly the Majfe of Heaven and Earth to be a darke
Chaos before the Creation of Light. But what are handled Phy-
fically and according to fenfe of this fubject; prefently def-
cendeth to Radiations ; fo as there is very litle Philofophi-
. callenquiry extant touching this point. And men ought to
fubmit their Contemplations a while, and te enquire what
1s common to all Lucid Bodies as of the Forme of Light : For
what an immenfe difference of Body isthere (ifthey may
be confidered according to their dignity ) betwixt the Sun
and rotten wood, or the putrid {cales of Fifh? They fhould
likewife make enquiry, what fhould be the Caule why
fome things take fire, and once throughly heated caft forth
a Light;others not?lroa;Metalls;Stones,Glaffe, Wood,Oyle,
Tallow by fire; either caft forth a Flame, or atleattgrow
Red: But Water and Aire heated with the fury of the hot-
teftFlames to the highelt degree they are capeable of, ac-
quireno fuch light,nor caft forth any Splendor. Ifany man
think, it therefore thus comesto pafle, becaufeit is the pro-
pertie of fire to give light ; but Water and Aire are utter ene-
mies to Fzre;fure he was never rowed with Oares in a dark
night upon {alt waters,and in a hot feafon; where he might
have feen {mall drops of water rebounding from the clafh-
ing of the Oares,to/parkle and caft forth a light ; Which is
likewife feen inthe fervent froath of the Sea which they
call the Sea-longs. And what affinitie with flameand fired
matter have the Cicindule, the Lusiole. and the Indian Fly,
which caft a light over a whole arched Roome; or the eyes
of certaine living Creatures inthe dark ; and fugar, asit is
| grated
Ficin.Card
de Cufa.
Gen.t.
216
Or TuE ADVANCEMENT
grated or broken; or thefweat of a horfe hard ridden , ina
foultry night; and many more ? Nay many bave underffoodfo |
litle in thts point, as many have thought the {parkes from a flint to
beattrited Aire. Butwhen the Aire is not fired with heate,
and apparantly conceives Light ; how comes it to pafle, that
Owles and Cats,and many other Creatures fee in the night?
So that it must needs be ( feeing vifion cannot be compayed with-
out light) that there ts a native and inbred light in Aire,although
veryfeeble and weake 5 yet {uch as may be proporticnated tothe
Opticke Beames of (uch Creatures, and may [uf fice them for fight.
But the caufe of this evill; as of many more , that men have
not drawn forth the common Formes of things A.aturall,from
Particular InStances, which is that we have fet downeas
the proper fubject of Metaphyfique which is itfelte a part of
Phyfiquesor of the knowledge of Nature. ‘Therefore letthere
be enquiry made ofthe Forme and Originals of Light, and
in the meane ; itmay be placed among Derictents. And
thus much of the Knowledge concerning the (ubSkauce of the
Soule, Rationall, and Senfible, with their Faculties, and of the
Appendices of the fame Knowledge.
THE
217
eegseeesss
PU
sseeneess
_ THE FIFTH BOOK OF
FRANCIS LO. VERVLAM
VICOUNT S ALBAN.
OF THE
, DIGNITY AND ADVANCEMENT
OF LEARNING.
Tothe KING.
CAP B
I The Partition ofthe Knowledge , which repedeththe V fe, and 05-
jects of the Faculties of the Mind of (Man , into Logique; and E-
thique. TI. The Divifion of Logique into the Arts , of Invention,
of ludgment ; of Memorie; and of Tradition,
3 HE Knowledge r eins the under ftan-
RS ding of Man (Excellent King )and that other
sy refpecting bir Will are, asit were, Twinnes
ede , by Birth» For the Puritic of Fllumination,
Exe) andtbe Libertie of will began together, fell to-
oW teas ^^ A getler : Nor is tbere inthe Vuiverfall Nature
efi is inti mate a Sympathy , as that of Truth and Goodne[[z.
The more fhame for Learned Men , ifthey be for Know-
ledge like. winged Angels, for bafe Delires sthey belike Ser-
pents which crawlein the Duft carrying indeed about them
Mindes like a Mirror or GisHe 5 buc amenfivagas and di-
,. Rain’d. ..
§ We come now to the Reinaledge which refpe&etb the ufe
and feles ofthe Faculties a the Mind of Man . This hathiwo
Paris,
Ovid. Met.
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
Parts, and they well knowne, andby generall confent re-
ceived, Logique and &tbique : Save that we have a licle before
fet at liberty Czvile Kwowledgewhich commonly was taken
in asa Part of Ethique; and have made it an entire Know-
ledge of man congregate or in focietie ; handling here only map
fegregate. Logiqueimtreateth of the under [landing and Reafon,
Erhique of the Will;Appetite,and Affections the one-produceth -
Decrees, the other Aétions . Itis true thatthe Imaginationin
both Provinces, !udiciall and Minifteriall, performes the
Office of an Agent or Nuncius, or common Atturney. For
Senfe (ends over all forts of Ideas unto the Jmagination;upon
which,Realon afterwards fits in Iudgment : And Reafon in-
terchangeably fends over feleéted and. approved Ideasto
the Imagination,before the Decree can be acted. For Fmagi-
nation ever precedes voluntary motion and incitesit; fo
that Imagination is a-common reciprocall Inftrument to
both: Saving that this Ianus isbifronted, and turnes faces:
For the face towards Reafon hath the Print of Truth, but
the face towards Aétion haththe Print of Goodneffe: which
nevertheleffe are faces ----Quales decet effe fororum. — —
Neither isthe Imagination a meer and fimple Meffenger,but
. isinvefted with, oratleaftwife ufurpeth no (mall Auctori-
Polit. 7.
tie befides the duty of the meflage.1For it is well faid by Ari-
flotle , That the mind hath over the * Body ibat command which
the Lord hath over a bond-man , butthe Reafon bath over the I-
magination that command which a Magiftrate hath over afree
Citizemwho may come alfo torule in his turne . For we fee
that in matters of Faith & Religion,the Fmaginatiog mounts,
and is elevated above R eafón ; not that Divise Filumination
refideth in the lmagination ; ( nay ratherin the high Tower
of the mind, and underflanding) | but, as in virtues Divine,
grace makes ufe of the motions of tbe will , foin Flluminations Di-
vine,grace makes ufe of the Tmagination . WhichistheCaule
that Religion fought ever an acceffe,and way tothe Mind,
by Similitu des, Types; Parabless Cifions ;Dreames. Againe it is
finall Dominion the Jmagination hath in perfwaftons, infi-
nuated by the power of Eloquence : For where the -—
9
Or Learnine. Lis. V. 219
of men are gently intreated inflamed, and any way forcibly
wonne by the (mooth Artifice of {peech 5 all this is done by
exalting the Fmsagination, which growing hotand impatient
not only triumphes over&ea/on; but in a fort offers violence
unto it;partly by blinding partly by extimulating it. Never-
theleffe I fee no reafon why we fhould depart from the for-
mer Divifion: For the Jmagination commonly doth not pro-
duceSciences; for Poefy which hath ever binattributed to
the Imagination is to be eftimed rathera play of the wit,than
a knowledge. As forthe power of the Imagination in things
Naturallwe have alligned thatsa litle before, tothe Doérine
de Anima. And for the affinity it hath with Rbetorique, we
think it fit to referre it to the Art it felfe whereof we fhall
intreate hereafter.
§ This Part ofhumane Philofophy which is Rationall or re-
fpeéting Logique;is to the taft and Palate of many witssnot fo
delightfull ; and feemeth nothing elfe but a netand fnare of
thorny fubtletie. For as it istruly {aidrhat knowledge is animi Sen. alicubi
Pabu]um ; (ointhe nature of mens appetites, and election of
this foode,moft men are of the taft and ftomack of the Ifrae-
lites in the Defert, that would fain have turned ad ollas (C'ar-
nium,and were weary of Manna, which thouhit were Ce-
leftiall, yet feemed itleffe nutritive and comfortable. So ge-
nerally thofe Kwowledges relifh beft, that have an infufion
fomewhat more efculent of flefh in them; fuch as are Civile
Hiftory; Morality, Policy, about the which mens Affections;
Praifes; Fortunes doeturne, and are converfant: Butthis
fame lumen ficcum , doth parch and offend moft mens watry
and foft natures. Butif we would meafure & valew things
according totheir proper worth , Rationall Sciences are the
keyes of allother Arts ; and.as the Hand is the \nftrument of In-
Siruments, the Mind, the Forme of Formes ; [othe[e knowledges
areto be eftimed the Art of Arts.Neither doe they direct only;
but likewife ftrengthen and confirme ; as the ufe and habit
of fhooting doth not only enable to fhoota neerer fhoot;but
alfo to draw aftronger Bow. .
I Arts Logicallor intelleftuall arefowre in number , divi-
Bez ded
220 Or THE ADVANCEMENT
ded according to the ends whereunto they are referred:For
mans labour in Rationall Knowledges is; either to inven: that
which is fought ; or to judge what is invented ; ortoretaine that
whichis judg d; or to deliver over thagwhich is Retained: So as
there muft needs be fo many Rationall Sciences ; Art of In-
quiry or Invention;Art of Examination or judgment,Art of Ca-
{tody or Memory; and Art of Elocution or Tradition, whereof
we will fpeakesof every particular apart.
CAP. IL. . |
I The Partition of the Art of Invention into the Inventive of Arts:
and of Arguments, §. Theformer of thefe, which is the more
eminent is Deficient. 11, The Divifion of the Inventive art of
Arts , into literate Experience. 9. Wand 4 New Organ. III. A
Delineation of Experience Literate,
I [eges] N vention is of two kinds much differing ;the one of
ICA » .
te m Arts and Sciences ; the other of Arguments
EXPERI- Per t and Speeches. The former of thefe I report to
ENTIA LI- 1 OW E
TERATA, bewholly Der 1c rex» which feemesto me
Mano" tobe fuch a Deficcence, asif inthe making of an Jwventory
PANI | touching the eftate of a Defuadt, it fhould be fet downe, of
ready money nothing : For as money will fetch all other com-
modities;loall other Arts are purchas’d by this At. And
as the wef? Tadies had neverbin difcovered , if the ufe of the
Mariners Needle had not firft bin difcovered, though thofe
Regions be vaft,the Verfor is afmall Motion: So it cannot be
found ftrange,ifin the difcovery and advancementof Arts there
hath not bin made greater Progreftion, feeing the Art of In-
vention and Perlustration hetherto was unknown.
§ That this part of knowledge is wanting [lands plainly con-
felJed.For firft Logique doth not profeffe ; nay not pretend to
lgvent either Arts Mechanical, ot Arts (as they call them )LLi-
berall,nor to elicite the Operations of the one , or the Axioms
ofthe other; bur {peakes to men as it were in Paffage , and
o
——
Or Learnine. Lis. I V. 221
to leaves them with this inftruction ,cwig, fuà arte credendum. Arik Mo.
Celfus à vile man,as wellasa Phyfitian (though it be the ws
cuftome of all men to be copious in the commendation of
their owne Profeffion) acknowledgeth it gravely and inge-
nioufly, {peaking of the Empyricall and Dogmaticall Seéts
ef Phyfitians , That Medicines and Cures were ffl found out, De ReMe-
and then after the Reafons and Caufes were difcopered. not the o- dica.
ther way thatthe (aufes fir ft extratted from the nature of things
gave light to the invention of Remedies. But Plato often notes Hee
it, That Particulars are infinite,againe that the bigheft Genera- caesar em
lities give no [uf cient Diretkionsand that the Pyth fall Sciences,
wherebythe Arts-man is diflinguifl?t from tbe Inexpertsconfifteth
in middle *Propofitions ,which experience hath delivered and
taught in every Particular Science. And therfore we fee that
they which difcourfe ofthe firft Inventors of things , and the
Originalls of Sciencesshave celebrated rather Chance than Art;
and have brought in Beas; Birds, Fifbes Serpentssather than
Mes, as the firlt Doctors of Sciences.
Diétamnum Genetrix Creta carpit ab Ida,
Puberibus Canlemfelijs «9 flore comantem Virg. En.
Purpureo, non illa feris incognita Capris de
Graminascum tergo volucres hefere [agitte.
So that is was no marvaile ( the manner of Antiquitie be-
ing forto confecrate Inventors of things profitable ) thatthe
Egyptians, an ancient Nation , to whom many Arts owe
their firft Beginnings, had their Temples full of the Idols of
Brutes,but almoft empty ofthe Idols of men ,
Omnigenumd, Deum mon[Iraqy Latrator Anubis, Vir.JEn.8.
Contra Neptunum V eneremscontraá, Minervam ic.
And if youlike better , from the Tradition of the Grecians,
to afcribe the fir/t invention of Arts to men ; yet you cannot
fay that Promethew applied his contemplation on fet pur-
- pofeto the invention of Fire; or chat when he firft flroake Ovid. Ho-
the flint he expected {parkess but that he fell upon this expe- ™t-&«-
riment by chance, and as they fay furtum Jovi fecilfe,
fo as for the Juvention of Arts we are more beholding to a
wild Goat forChirurgery;or to a Nightingale for modulati-
Ee3 ons
a - n
he +
222 ; Or THe ADVANCEMENT
ons of Mufique; tothe Ibis for Clyfteres; to a Potlid that
Pamirollus fleyy open for Artillerie ; and to fay in a word to (hance
cu uU or any thiag elfe more thanto Logique. Neither is the forme
of Invention which Virgil de(cribessmuch other;
vig.Ga, .— Etvarias uf meditando extunderet Artes
Paulatim---- : 3
For here is no other method of Invention propounded, than
that which bruite Beafts are capeable of» and often put in
ure; whichis a moft intentive follicitude about fome one thing and
a perpetuall practice thereof; which the neceffity of their Confer
L4
i qa. vation impo[ctb upon [uch Creatures; for Cicero faith very truly;
bo. ufw uni rei deditus naturam 9 artem fepe vincit , There-
fore if itbe faid of men !
Labor omnia vincit
Virg-G.1. Improbus duris urgens in rebus egeftas.
It is likewile faid of Beafts,
Perf. Prol. Quis expedivit Pfittago [uum kaire?
Who taught the Raven ina drougth tothrow Pebbles into
a hollow tree where by chance fhe {pied water,that thewa-
: ter mightrife fo asfhee might come toit * Whotaughtthe
Flin. NatH pee to faylethorow fuch a vaft fea of Aire , to the Flowers
in the Fields ; andto find the way fo farre offto hir Hive a-
gaine? Whotaught the Antto bite every grain of Corne that
Íheburieth in hir hill,left it fhould take root and grow, and
fo delude hir hope ? And if you obferve in Virgils verte, the
word extundere,which imports the Difficulty and the word
«Paulatim, which imports the flovaeffe ? we are where we
were even amongft the /Eg yprian Gods, {eeing hetherto men
have made litle ufe of the facultie of Reafon, none atall of
the duty of Art for the difcouery of Inventions. ]
§ Secondly ifthis which we affirme, be well confide-
red, itis demonftrated by the Forme of Induétion which Lo-
gique propoundssnamely by that Forme of inference, where-
by the Principles of Sciences are found out and proved;
which, as it is now framed, is utterly vitious and incompe-
tent, and fo farre from perfecting nature that it rather per-
verts and diftorts it. For he that {hall exactly obferve es
this
OPE
at ;
OrLearnine. Lis. V.
—— ————————————M———
223
this Athereall Dew of Sciences;like unto that the Poet (peaks
of Aerei mellis( eleflia dona. |
as gather'd (fe cing that even Sciences themfelves are extra-
ted out of particular examples, partly Naturall ; partly
Arrificialljor from the flowers of the field and Garden) {hall -
fndthatthe mind of hir owne nature, and imbred difpofi-
tion doth more ingenioufly; and with better Invention,A&
an Induéion than Logicians defcribe it. For from a nude e-
numeration of Particulars (as Logicians ufe to doe) without
an Inftance Contradictory, isa vitious Conclufionsnor doth
duch an Indwétion inferre more than a probableConjecture.
For who will take upon him; when the Particulars which
aman knowes; and which he hath mention’d,appeare only
onone fide, there may not lurke [ome Particular which is
altogither repugnant? Asif Samueli {hould have refted in
thofe fons of d/hay which were brought before him inthe
houfe; and fhould not havefought David which was ab-
fent inthe field. And this Forme of Induétion (to fay plainly
the truth) is fo groffe and palpable, that it might feemein-
credible,that {uch acute and fubtile wits as have exerciz’d
their meditations inthefe things , could have obtruded it
upon the world;butthatthey hafted to Theories,and Dog-
maticalls;and from a kind of pride and elation of mind
defpifed Paréiculars,{pecially any long fay upon them. For
they bave u[cd thefe examples and Particular Inftances, but as
Sergeants and wbifflers ad [ummovendam turbam, to make way
and roome for their opinions and never advis d with them from
the beginnine.that {oalegitimate and mature deliberation, con-
cerning the truth of things, might be made . Certainly it isa
thing hath touch’d my mind with 2 pious , and religious
wonder,to fee the fame fteps leading to error,trodden in di-
vine and humane enquiries. For as inthe apprehending of
divine trutli,men cannot endure tobecomeas a child ; fo in
the apprehending ofhumane truth,for mens cometo yeares,
yetto read;and repeate,the firft Elements of Indu£tions , as if
they were fliil children; is reputed a poore and contempti-
bleimployment. AO
§ Thirdly
224
Cic.in A=
cad.
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
$ Thirdly ificbe granted, thatthe Principles of Scien-
ces may be rightly inferrd from the Ipduttion, which they
ufe;or from fenfeand experience; yet nevertheleffe,certaine
it is that inferior Axioms;cannot rightly and fafely be dedu-
ced, by Syllogitme from them, in things of nature, which
participate of matter. For in Sy/legifine there is a reduction
of Propofitions to Principles by middle Propofitions. And
this Forme,whether for Invention, or for Proofe,in Sciences
Popular, as Erhiques ; “Politiques ; Lawes, and the like takes
place; yea, and in Divinity; {ceing it hath pleafed God of his
goodneffe to accommodate himíclfe to mans capacitie: but
in Naturall Philofophy where nature fhould be convine’d
and vanquifht by deeds, and notan Adverfary, by Argu-
ment;truth plainly efcapes our hands: becaufe that tbe {ubtle-
ty of the operations of Nature,isfarre greater than the {ubtlety of
words. Sothat the Syllogifme thus failing , there isevery way
need of helpe and fervice, oftrue and rectified Induction, as
well forthe more generall Principles, as inferior Propofiti-
ons. For Syllogifines confift of Propofitions, Propofitions of
words, words are the currant tokens or markes of the No-
tions ofthings, wherefore if ibefe Notions ( which are the
foules of words) be groffely, and variably abftra&ed from
things,the whole building falls. Neither is it che laborious
examination either of Confequences, Arguments,or the ve-
rity of Propofitions,that can ever repaire that tuine ; being
the erroris as the Phyfitians fpeake, in the /frS& Digeftion,
which is not rectified by the fequent functions of Nature,
And therefore it was not without great and evident Caufe,
that many of the Philofophers,and of them, fome of fingu-
lar notesbecame Academiques.and Sceptiques; which took as
way all certainty of knowledge ox of (/omprehenfions ; and de-
nyed that the knowledge of man extended further than ap«
parence and probability. Icis truethat fome are of opinion,
that Socratesswhen he put off certainty of {cience from him-
felfesdid this but by a forme of Irony,2o fcientiam di Simulay-
do fimulaffe,that isthat by renouncing thofe things which he
maniteftly knew , he might be reputed to know even that
which
or LEARNING. Lis. V. 225
which he knew not; neither in the later Academy which |
Cicero imbraced was this opinion of Acatalepfie held fo fin- 1n cad. Q.-
cerely-For all chofe which excell’d for eloquencescommon-
ly made choice of this‘Se@, as fitter to give glory to their
copious {peech,and variable difcourfe both wayes ; which
was the caufe they turn'd afide from that ftraight way by
which they fhould have gone on to truth, to pleafant walks
made for delight and paftime .. Norwith/anding it appeares
that there were many fcatter'd in both Academies ; the old
and new (much more among the Sceptiques ) that held this
Acatalepfre in fimplicitie and integritie : But here was their
chiefe error, that they charged the Perceptions of the Sen/ess
whereby they did extirpate and pluck up Sciences by the
roots.Forthe fenfes although they many times deftitute and
deceive men; yet affifted by much induftry they may be {uf-
ficient for Sciences;and that not fo much by the helpe of In-
Struments (though thefe are in fomeíorcufefull)asofexpe- —^' -
riments of the (ame kind»which may produce more fubtile
objects, than, for the facultie offeníes are by fenfe compre-
henfible. And they ought ratherto have charged the defects
in this kind upon the errors , and contumacie of the mind,
which refufeth to be pliant and morigerous to the Nature
of things; and to crooked demonttrations and rules of argu-
ing and concluding, ill lecdowne and propounded from the
“Perception of Senfe. This we fpeake not to difable the mind
of man; orthat the bufineffe fhould be abandoned ; but that
apt and proper afliftances may be acquired ; and applied to
theunderftanding , whereby men may fubdue the difficul-
ties of things, and the obícurity of Nature. Forno man hath
Juch a fleadine[fe f hand by nature or Prattife that he can draw
aftraight line or makea perfect circle with bis band at liberty,
which yet tt eafily done by vule or compa[fe. This isthat very bu-
finefle which we geeaboutand with great páines endea-
vour that the mind by the belpe of Art might be able to e-
quall Nature; and thatthere might be found out an Art
of Difcovery , or Direction ; which might difclofe, and
bring to light other Artss and their Axiomes and Workes.
E This
226 Or THE ADVANCEMENT
This upon good ground wee report DericrEenT.
E Ii This Art of Difcovery ( for Ío we willcallit) hath
ENTIA tt tWo parts ; for either the Indication is made from Experi-
an Vera. tents to Experiments;or from Experiments to Axioms;wwhich
TIOPANIS may likewile deligne sew Experiments; whereof the former
we will term, Experientia Literata;che later Interpretatio Na+
tura or Novum Organum.Indeed the former (as we have tou-
ched heretofore )isnot properly to be taken for an rt, or a
part of Philofophy , buta kind of fagacity, wherefore we
fometimes call it Venatio Panis, borrowing thename from
the Fable. “Buz as aman may goe on bis way after a three-fold
manner either when bim/elfe feeles out bis way in the darke;or be-
ing weak-fighted is led by the band of another; or elfe when he di-
retts bis footing by alight: Sonvhen aman effayes all kind of
Experiments without{equence or method that is a meere
palpation; but when he proceeds by direction and order in
Experiments,itisas if he wereled by the hand ; andthisis
it which we underftand by Literate Experience: For the light
it felfe which was the third way isto be derived fromthe
Interpretation of Nature, or the New Organum. wd,
Ii. Literate Experience,or the Hunting of Pan {hews the
diverfe wayes of making Experiments; This ( fecing wee
havefecitdowneas DEF 1ciEN T;and that itis a matter not
altogether fo plaine and perfpicuous ) we will according to
our manner and defigne give fome light touches and fha-
dowes of it. The manner of making Experiment chiefly pros
ceeds, either by variation of the experiment ; or by Production
of the Experiment, or by tran(lation of the Experiment;or by in:
verfion of the Experiment; by compulfion of the Experiment.or
by Application of the Experiment, or by Copulation of the Expe-
riment.or elfe by the lots and chance of the Experiment. And all
thefe are limited without the termes of any Axiome of Ins
vention ; For that other part of the New Organtakes up and
containeth in it all Tranfition of Experiments into Axioms, op
of Axioms into Experiments.
§ ‘Uariation of Experience is firft practis d upon Matter,
that is when the Experiment in thingsalready knownecom-
| monly
Or Learnine. Lis. V.
monly adheareth to {uch a kind of matter ; and now it is tri-
ed in other things of like kind;as the making of Papyr is only
tried in linnen,& not in filk, (unlefTe perchance amongft the
Chinefessnor yet in ftuffes intermixt with haire and briftles,
* of whichis made that which we call chame-lot ; noryet in
woolen,eotton,and skins,although thefe three laft feeme to
bemore Heterogeneous , and fo rather may become ufefull
mingled , than feparate: Soinfitionin fruit-Trees, is pra-
&is d but rarely tried in Trees-wild ; although it is afhrm'd
that an Elme grafted upon an Elme; will produce wonder-
full fhades of leaves.Infition likewife in lowers is very rare,
thcugh now the Experiment begins to be madeupon musk-
Rofes , which are fucceffefully inoculate upon common
Rofes.So we place the variation in the Part of 4 thing among(t
the variations in Matter.For we feea {cion,or young flip graf-
ted upon thetrunck ofa treesto fhoot forth more profperou-
fly, than if it had bin fetin earth: And why, in like manner,
fhould not the feed of an Onion inferted into the head of a-
nother Onion while itis green,germinate more happily than
ifithadbin fowen in the bareearth ? And here the Root
is varied for the Trunck , that the thing may feemetobea
kind of infition in the root. Secondly , tbe variation of an Ex-
periment may be made inthe efficient - The beames ofthe Sun
through burning-Glaffes are fo fortified, and intended to
fuch a degree of heate; that they are able to fet on lame any
matter, which is apt eafily to conceive fire : Now whether
say the beames of the Moone, by the fame Glaffes be actuated
by fome weake degrees of warmth , that we may fee whe-
ther all heavenly Bodies be hot in power? So bright and ra-
diant heates are exalted by Glaffes : Whether are gloomy and
opaque heates (as of ftones and metals , before they be made
burning hot by the force of fire) fubjeé to the fame impref-
fien; orarethey rather in this forme portions of light ? So
Amber,and let; or an Agat, chaffed draw untothem ftraw,
whether warmed at the fire will they doe che like? Thirdly,
the variation of an Experiment may be made in Quantity , con-
cerning which a very xi De is to be taken being it
E Fiz is
228 Or TuE ADVANCEMENT
isencompaffed with many errors . For men are of opinion
that if the Quantity be augmented and multiplied, tbevirtuetr
proportionably augmented and multiplied, and this commonly
is with them a Poftulatum; and a fuppofed truth , as if the
matter were a Mathematicall certitude, which is utterly un-"
crue. A globe of Leader a pound in waight let fal from a Towers
fay it defcends to theearth inthe {pace often Pulfes, whe-
ther will a Globe of two pound waight (in which that force of
Motion, which they call Naturall,fhould be doubled,)light _
upon the earth inthe {pace of five Pulles? But that Globe
fhall come downe almoft in an equall {pace of time with
this, and fhall not be accelerated according to the meafure
of Quantity. So(imagine,) one dragme of Sulphur mingled
with halfe a pound of Steele, it will make it fluid and liquid,
Will therefore an ounce of Sulphur fufficeto the diffolving
of foure pounds of Steele ? But that followes not; For it
certaine that tbe obflinacy of the matter inthe Patient is more ete
creas d by Quantity, thanthe Activity ofthe virtueinthe Agent.
Befides,too much,as well a too litle fruftrates the cffe&t:For
in the excoctions and depurations of Metallsit is a familiar
error,that to advance excoétion , they augment the heate of
the Fornace ; or the Quantity of the Fniection ; but if thefe ex-
ceed due proportion, they hinder the operation ; becaufe
through their forceand acrimony , they turne much ofthe
pure Metall into fumes , and carry it away; fo asthereisa
loffe in the Metall; and the mafle which remaines through
the emiffion ofthe Spitits becomes more obftinate and in-
durate.Men fbould therefore remember the mockery of /E-
fop-Fab- fopes hufwife, who conceited chat by doubling hir meafure
of Barley;hir Hen would daily lay hir two egges, But the
Hen grew fat andlaid none. tis notaltogither fafe to rel}
upon any Naturall experiment,before proofe be made both
in aleffer and greater Quantity. |
§ ‘Production of an Experiment tx of two forts , Repetition
and Extenfion;namely when the Experiment either isiterated, or
driven to a kind of fubtiltie. Exampleof Repetition may be this;
the fpirit of wine is made of wine once diftilleds and E,
muc
Or LEARNING. Lis. V.
much more quick and ftrong than wine it felfe; will like-
wifethe fpirit it felfe of wine diflilled or fublimated.propor-
tionably exceed it felfe in ftrength? But Repetition alfo is not
without deceit;for neither doth the fecond exaltation equal
the excefle of the firft, and many times by iteration of the Ex-
periment after a certaine ftate, and height of operation, Na-
ture is{o farre from a further progreffionsas fhe rather falls
into a relapfe. Wherefore the experiment muft be made with
Caution and judgment. So Quickflver in linnen, or elfe in
the midft of moulten Lead when it begins to grow cold the
Quickfilver inferted is ftupified, and is no longer fluid,
Willthe fame Quick/ilver if it be often fo pra&tis d upon,be-
come fo fixt as tobe made malleable ? The example of ex-
tenfion may be this; water placed upwards , and made penfile;
and by along neb ofaglafle dipt in winesmixt with water,
will unmingle,the water from the winesthe wine leafurely
a{cending,and fetling in the top; the water defcending and
fetling inthe bottome: Now as wine and water which are
two diverfe bodies are feparate by this devife ; may the
more fubtile parts of wine in like manner , whichis an en
tire body , be feparate from the more grofle , thatfothere
may be a diftillation , asitwereby weight; and thatthere
may be found floating in thetop; a fubftance neereft to the
Ípirit of wine ; butperchance more delicate? Sothe Load-
ftone draweth Iron folid,and entire, unto it ; will a pieceof
a Load-ftone , plonged into diffolv d parcels and fragments
of Iron allure the Iron unto it, and cover it felfe with it? So
the ver[or of a Mariners needle applies it (elfe tothe Poles of
the world: Doth it doe this afterthe (ame manner,and upon
the fame confequence whereby Celeftiall Bodies move?
Namely if you fhould place the Needle in a contrary po-
fture, thatis, inthe South-peint,and there ftay ita while,and
then ceafe your forcing it; and leave it to it felte; would this
Needle turneit felfe perchancetothe North ; and chufe ra-
ther to wheele about by the Weft into its defired-naturall
fice,than by the Eaft? $0 gold imbibeth Quickfilver which is
contiguous to it; deth the gold ingulfe, and fuck up this -
F
f 3 Quick-
229
230
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
Quickfilver into it felfe without extenfion of its: fi ubftance,
that it becomes a Maffe more ponderous than gold it felfe?
Sofome menfubsinifler belpes to their mensories by fetting up
Images and Pictures of Perfons in certaine roomes ; would
they attaine the (ame end; if. (fetting afide fuch Images )
they fhould effigiate to themfelves an Idea of their geíts
and habits. And thus much of the Poduction of an ex-
periment. :
§ Thetran[lation of an experiment is three-fold ; either from
Nature,or chanceinto Art, ov from Art, or one Pratfice into ano-
ther ; or from apartof [ome Art , into a diverfe part of the fame
Art.Of Tranflationfrom Nature, chance into Art there are in-
numerable examples ; for that almoft all Mechanicall Arts
owe their originalls from flender beginnings prefented by
Nature or (bance. Iis a receiv'd Proverb,That Grapes confor-
ted with Grapes fooner come to maturity : Which fromthe Na-
ture of mutuall affiftance and friend{hip grew popular. But
our makers of Cyder, which is a wine of Apples , doe well
imitate this: Forthey provide that they be not ftampt or
prefbbefore, by being caftinto heapes for atime, they ma-
ture by mutuall contact ; whereby the acidity and tartneffe
ofthe liquor is corrected. So the imitation of Artificiall Rain-
boves by the {pifle afperfion of litle drops, is by an eal y deri-
vation from naturall Rain-bowes compofed of a dewy
Cloud.Soibe manner of dislilling mightbe taken either from
above,as from fhowers or dew; or from that homely expe-
riment of Drops adhearing to Covers put upon Pots of
Pancitollus boyling water. And aman would have bin affeard to bave imi-
par. 2.
tated Thunder and Lightning, if the Potlid of that chymique
Monke bad not by being toft wp intothe ayreinftructed bim. But
the more plentiful bis experiment is of examples, the fewer
we need to produce. And if men would be at leafureto im-
ploy their ftudies inthe inquiry of things profitable; they
{hould view attentively by degrees and of fet purpofe all the
workmanfhip,and the particular workings of Nature; and
perpetually , and thoroughly meditate with themfelves ,
- which of thofe may be transferr’d to Arts, For Natureis the
Mirror
OrLearnina. Lis. V.
Mirror of Art ; And the experiments are as many which
may betran/lated from Art into Art ; or from one Pra€tice into
anothersthough this is not fo much in ufe: For nature every
way is obvious to all men ; but Arts appropriate to particu-
lar Profeffors, are only knowne tothem. Speézacles are
invented to helpe a weake fight ; might there be contrived
a inflrument which faftned to the eare, might helpe fuch as
arethick of hearing?So embalming, and bony conferve dead
Corps ; mightnotfome of thofe ingredients be transferr’d
into a medicine , which might be uíefull to bodies alive?
Sothe practice of Seales upon wax; cements for walls, and
upon Lead is ancient; butthis invention fhewed the way to
Impreífion upon Paper, or the Arcof Printing. S029 tbe Art
of Cookerie {alt fzafons fle/b, and that better in Winter than in
Summer ; Might notthis be profitably tranflacedto Bathes
and theirtemperament, as occafion fhall require, either to
impreflefome good moifture;or extract fome peccant hu-
mor.5o falr ia che new-found experiment of Artificiall Con-
glaciations is found to have great powerto condenfe. Might
not this be transferr'd tothe condeníation of Metalls; feeing
it is knowne long fince that ftrong-waters being compofi-
tedoffome kinds of faltsshave a power to deject and preci-
pitate {mall fands of Gold out of cettaine Metalls , notfo
denfe and compact as Gold ?: $7 painting revives the memorie
of a thing, by the Fmage of a Pitture z Is not this traduced in-
toan Art , whichthey call the Art of Memorie ? Let this in
generall ferve for admonition; that nothing can fo much
conduce tothe drawing downe, as itwere, from heaven,a
whole fhowre of new and profitable Inventions , as this;
thattheexperiments of many Mechanique Arts,may come
to the knowledge of one man, or fome few, who by mutu-
all conference may whetand fharpen oneanother ; that fo
by this which we call Tranflation of Experiments, Arts may
nourifh,and,as it were, by a commixture, and communica-
tion of Rayes, inflame one the other.For although the ratio-
nall way by an artificiall Organum, promife farre greater
matters; yet neverthelelle this fagacirie by literate experience,
may
25
232
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
may in the meane project and ícatter to thebenefit ofman
(as miflive Donatives amongft the Ancients ) many rudi:
ments to knowledgeswhich may be had at hand . There re-
maines the Tran (lation of a Part of Art into another part diver[e
fromit,which lide differs fromthe Tranflation of Art into Art:
But becaufe many Arts exercife great {paces , foas they may
very well futtaine a Tyanflation within the limits of their
owne operations; wethought good to annex this kind of
Tranflation , {pecially feeing itis in fome Arts of very great
import.For it maketh much tothe advancement and ampli-
fication of the Art of Phyfique; ifthe Experiments of that
part of Medicine concerning the Cures of Difeafes, be trans-
ferr'd tothofe Parts concerning the Regiment of Health , and
the Prolongation of Life . For if fome excellent Opiate be of
that force and virtue , as to repreffe and affwage the raging
inflamation ofthe {pirits,in a peftilentiall Fever ;let no man
queftion,but that alikereceipt by a due proportioned Dofe —
made familiar , may in fome degree put back and retard in-
flamation which growes and creepes upon us by age. Thus
much for the Tran lation of Experiments.
§ Inverfton of Experiment is , when the contrary tothat
which is by &xperiment manifefbis tried:For example, Heat
Ly Gla[fes is intended; is cold {o too? So:Heate when it diffu
feth itfelfe is yet rather caried upwards : Is cold likewifein
diffufing it felfe caried rather downwards ? For inftance,
take a {mall Barre of [rons and beate iron one end, then fet
ituprights ( thatend which is heated placed downwards )
laying yourhand uponthe end , it will prefently burne your
hand; but now inverfethe Barre,placeing the hot partup-
wards; and your hand upon the part which is downwards,
and you fhall not feele the heate fo foone by many Pulfes-
Whether orno ifthe Barre was heated all over, and one end
fhould be moiftned with fnow , or with afpongedipt ia
cold water; if the {now or {ponge were applied to the part
which is upward, would ( I fay) the cold fooner pierce
downward, than if the fnow or fponge placed at the lower
endsthe cold would fhoote upward.Sothe “Beams of the Sun.
rebound
OrLearnina. Lis. V. 233
rebound from a white, upon a black are congregate : Whe-
ther are fhadowes alfo difperfed upon white, and united
upon black? The Experiment we fee made in a dark room,
the light being letin thorow anarrow chinck only, where
the Images of things which are without; are taken upon
white Paper, not upon black. Soa veineis opened in the
fore-head for the Megrim,orHead-ach. Muft allo theHemi-
craine be fcarified for the Soda, or the paine of the head in
generall? So much for the Fuverfion of Experiment.
§ Compulfion of Experiment , 1 when Experiment is ur-
ged and extended to annihilationsor prrvation of the vertue. For
in other kinds of hunting,the gameis only taken, but in this
kilPd. Example of Compulfonis this, The Loadftone drawes
Tronsinforce therefore the Iron,or vexe the Loadftone;fo, as
the virtue of attraction be ftifled or expird : As, fuppofe the
- Loadftone were burnt or macerate in ftrong-waters , whe-
ther will it forgoe,or abateits virtue?Contrariwife if Steele,
or Iron be reduced in Crocum Martissor into prepar'd fteel,as
they call it,orbe diffolved in Aqua-fortis; will che Loadftone
ftill allurechem?Again,the Loadftone draws Iron through all
interpos'd Bodies that we know, as Gold, Silver,Glaffe, &c.
Fixe therefore fome medium upon it(if it may be) that may
intercept, and arreft its virtue. Make a triall of Quickfilver;
of Oyle; Gummaes, a burning coale;andthelike ; which yet
have not bin experimented. Sothere bave bin brought in of
late, certaine. Perfpettives which multiply after a ftrange
manner the minuteft vifibles:Preffe the ufe of them ; either
upon {mall objeéts,as they may not beable to worke upon;
or upon fo vaftas they may be confounded in working. As
whether they can cleerly difcover thofe moates in Urin,
which otherwaies could not be difcernd ? Whether in lew-
ellsevery way pure and {potleffe, they can make the graines
and imperceptible clouds to become vifible ? Whetber can
they expofe to view the moates in the Snn ( which are un-
truely charged upon Democritw for his Aromes , and the Hippoc. E-
Principles of Nacure)as if they were great Bodies? Can they p Eris
fo diftinguifh tothe fight the groffer duft made of Ceruffe, Lib. ;o.
| Gg and
234
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
and Vermillion ,that che (mall! graines may appeare ; here
the redsthere the white? Againe,can they multiply greater Fi-
gures( imagine a face;an eyesor foto the fame bigneffe they
can a flea,or a litle worme?Can they make a piece of Cypres,
or Cobweb-Lawne appeare 1o full of holes , as if it were a.
Net? Butwe flaythe leffe upon the Compulfions of Experi-
ments becaule commonly they fall not within the limits
of literate experience ; but are rather referr'd to (aufes ; and
Axioms; andthe New Organum. For wherefoever there is a
Negative; Privative, orexclufive facultie; there is already
fomelight given tothe Inventionof Formes . Thus farre of
the Compulfion of Experiment.
§ Application of Experiment is nothing elfe thaw a witty
Tranflation of it to [ome other profitable Experiment . Example
may bethis; All Bodies have their owne dimenfions ; and
theirowne weights : Gold is of greater weight , of leffe di-
menfion, than Silver;Water than Wine. From this is tradu-
ceda profitable Experiment ; that from a juft weight and
meafure being taken,you may know how much Silver hath
bin mixt with Gold ; how much Water with Wine; which
wasthat celebrated E'vpma of Archimedes. So flefh fooner
putrifies in fome Cellers,than icdoth in others. It will be of
ufetomake application of this Experiment to the finding
out of Aires,more or effe healthfull,for habitation;namely;
there where flefh is longeft preferv'd from putrefaction.
The fame may be applied tothe difcovery of healthfullor
peftilentiall feafons of the yeare. But there are innumerable
examples of this Nature: Only let men awake,and pepetual-
ly fixe their eyes,one while, on the nature of things; ano-
ther while,on the application of them to the ufe and fer-
vice of mankind . Somuch concerning the Application of
Experiment. .
§ (Copulation of Experiment ts the Linkes and Chaine of
Application; when as things , fingle, and feparate bad binto litle
ufe,are,( connexed )of force and efficacy.For example, you defire
to have lateRofesorfruits this is effected if you pull off the
more early buds when they are newly knotted ; the 5 is
one
OrLearRnina. Lis. V.
23 x
done,if you lay the roots bareuntill the {pring be well come
on,and expofe them unto the open Aire; but it will takethe
better, if you joyne both thete practiles of putting back
germination. SoIceand Nitre doe much: conduce to refri-
geration;but commixt togither much more. But this Expe-
riment is cleere of it felfe , notwithftanding here may co-
vertly a fallacy lie hid, (as there may in all other effects, and
conclufions where Axioms are wanting). if the Copulation
be made ofthings which worke after a different, and as
it were, repugnant manner .. And fo much for Copulation of
Experiment,
§ There remaine the Chances, or Fortuses of Experiment.
This is altogether anirrational,7 a3 it were,a paffionate manner
of experimenting when you have a mind totry a conclufion uot for
that any reafon, or other Experiment induceth youteit ; but only
becau[e the likewas never attempted before. ¥ et | doe notknow
whether or no, in this kinds theremay notlie hid fome {e-
cret of great ufe, if you trie nature every way . For the won-
ders of Nature commonly lie out ofthe high roade;and bea-
ten paths; (o as the very abfurdity of an attempt may fome-
times beprofperous : But if reafon goe along with this pra-
&tice; chat is, chatit is evident chat {uch an. Experiment was
neveryettried ; andyetthere is great resfon why itfhould
be attempted; then itis a choice Experiment , and fearcheth
the very bofome of Nature . For example : In the operation
of fire upon fome Naturall Body , one or other of thefe ef-
fects hitherto ever comes to pafle ; as that either fomething
flies ou (as flame and fume in ordinary burning fewell) or
atleaftthere is made a locall feparation of Parts, and that
for fome diftance,as in Diftillation where the lees fettle; the
vapoursafter they have play'd about, are gathered into re-
ceptacles : But no man ever yet made triall of an Imprifon’d
Diftillation, for fo we may call it: And it (cemes very pro-
bable,that ifthe force of heat immur'd within the Cloiflers
ofa body , doe fuch great matters,and worke fuch alterati-
ons;and yet without loffe,or manumiffiontothe Body;that
then this Proteus of matter, fetter'd as it were, with Mana-
e Gg 2 cles:
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
clessmay in timebe forcedto many transformations if fo be,
that the heat be fo temper’d; and intermutually chang'd,
that the veffels be not broken. For this operationis like that
of the wombe,where the heat workes without emiffion, or
feparation of any part of the Body ; fave that in the Matrix,
there is conjoyn d Alimentation ; but for verfion,the thing
isthefame. "Thefe arethe fortunes, or adventures of Experi-
ment. In the meaneswe givethis advife touching Experiments
of this Nature, that no man be difcouraged, or confounded
ifthe Experiments which he puts in practice anfwer not his
expectation : For what fucceeds pleafeth more; but what fucceeds
not many times informes wo lefJe . And this oughteverto bere-
membred (which we often prefle) that Experimenta Lucife-
va Experiments of Light 49 difcovery,ought for atime to be much
ssore enquired after ,tban Experimenta fructifera Experiments
ef ufe and pratlice . And thus much of Literate Experi-
ence,which(as we have {aid before Jis rather a fagacity,and
a hunting fent,than a Science.
§ Now for the Novum Organum , we lay nothing , nor
give any fore-taft thereof ; being we have projected in eur
minds,by the affiftance of the Divine favour,to make a per-
fe&entire work of that fubject; feeing’it is a matter of high-
er confequences than all the reft. |
CAP.
or LEARNING, Lis. V.
CAP. HI.
j The Partition of the Inventive Art of Arguments, iuto Prompina-
ry,or Places of Preparation ; and Topique , or Places of Suggefion.
II. The Divifion of Topique Art nto Generall. §, And Particn-
lar Tepiques. {11. Inexample of Particular Topique in the Inquiry
DeGravi & Levi,
uS | Nvention of Arguments , is not properly an Inventie
TAM on; forto Invent ts to difcover things unknowne , and
x not torecover,or recalitbat which is knowne already.
2 The Ve and Office of this kind of Invention feemes to
be noother, than out ofthe Maffe of Knowledge , congefted , and
flored up in tbe Mind , readily to produce that which may be per-
tinentto tbe Matter and Queftion propounded For hethat is lide
or nothing acquainted before hand with the Subject inque-
Rion, Topiques of Fuvention will lide advantage him : On the
contrary hethat hath Provifion at home which may be ap-
plied to the purpofeseven without Art & Places of Invention;
will at length: (though not fo readily and aptly find out and
produce Arguments. Sothat this kind of Invention (as we have
faid)is not properly Invention , but only a Reduction into Memo-
ry,0r fuggeltion with Application. But becaufe cuftome & con-
fent hath authoriz'd the word, it may in fome fort be called
Inventii. For it may be as wel accompted a chafe,or finding
ofa Deere, which is made within an inclofed Park, as that
within aForreft atlarge.But fecting afide curiofity of words
it may appeare that the {cope and end of this kind of Inven-
tion, is a certaine promptitude, and expedite ufe of our
Knowledge ; rather than any encreafe, or Amplification
thereof.
I Toprocurethis ready Provifion for difcourfesthere are
twowaies ; either that it may be depened and pointed out, asit
weresby an Index , wnder what Heads the matter isto be fought;
and this is that we call Vopique:Or elfe that Arguments may be be-
63 fore
237
238 | OrTHE ADVANCEMENT.
fore band framed and flored up,about [uchtbings as arefrequent-
ly incident and come into difceptatiou; and this we willcall prom-
ptwarie Art or of Preparation. This later fcarcely deferveth to
be called a Part of Knowledge» feeing it rather confifteth in.
m. diligence; than any artificiall erudition. And in this part
Soph.lib.z. e/frifPatle doch wvittily indeed , but hurttully deride the So-
c.9.$ul. phifts neare his time, faying ; They did as if one that profeffed
, the Art of fhoo-making » [bowld sot teach how to make up a fhooe ;
but only exhibite in areadineffe a number of [Pooes , of all fa/bi-
ons and fixes. Butyet a man might here reply, that if aShoo-
maker fhould have no fhooes in his fhop, but only work as
he is befpoken , he would be buta poore man; and weakly
cuftomed. But our Saviour {peaking of Divine knowledge,
faith farre otherwife; Every Scribeinftrutted for the King~
deme of heaven;is like a good haufbolder that bringeth forth both
new and old (love... And we fee the ancient Writers of Rheto-.
rique doe give itinPrecept, Tbat Pleaders fhould have di-
vere common Places prepared long before band , and bandled ;
and illuftrated both waies; for example, For the fenfe and e-
quity of Law againft the words,and letter of Law ; and on
Cit.deO- the contrary. And Cicero himfelfe being broken unto it by
hs great experience , delivers it plainly ; That an Orator if be be
AdAttic: diligent and fedulous , nay have in effect premeditate , and ban-
B died what[oever a man [Pall have occafion to fpeake of ; fo that in.
^ * thePleading of the Caufeit felfe he fhall have no need to in-
fertany new or fodaine matter, befides new names, and
{ome individuall Circumftances . Bwtthe paines and dili-
: gence of Demofthenes went fo farresthat in regard of the
great force that the entrance and acceffe intoaCaufe hath
to make a good Impreflion npon the Minds of Auditors,he
à thought ic worth his labourto frame» and to have in readi-
E neffc a number of Prefaces for Orations and Speeches . And
E thefe Prefidents, & Authorities, may defervedly overwaigh
Ariftotles Opinioa,that would adviíe us change a Wardrope
for a paire of Sheares . Therefore this part of knowlede tou-
ching Promptuary Preparation was not to be omitted; where
of for this place this is fufficient.. And feeing it is common
to
Mat. 1 3.
or LEARNING, Lis. V.
toboth Logique and Rhetorique, we thought good here a-
amongft Logiques,only in Paflage, to touch it; referring o-
vera more ample handling of it to Rhetorique.
li The other Part of Invention which is Topique,we will
divide into Generall and Particular Topique . Generall is thas
whichis diligently and copioufly handled in Logique; or rational
knowledge ; as it were needleffe to ftay upon the explication
thereof. Yetthus much wethought meet to admonifh by
the way; thatthis Topique is of ufe,not only in argumenta-
tions, when we come to difpute with another;but in medi-
tations alfo , when we reafon and debate matters within
our felves. Neither doe thefe places ferve only for /uggeftion,
or admonition , what we ought to affirme or affert ; but alfo
whatwe ought to inquire and demand. And a facultie of
239
wile interrogating 5 is halfe a knowledge; for Plato faith E Meno-
well Whofoever (eekes comprebends that be feekes forsin generall
notion.elfe bow [bail he know it when be hath found it ? And there-
forethe larger and more certaine our anticipation is , tbe more di-
rect and compendious is our fearch. The (ame places therefore,
which will conduce to fearch the mind of our inward con-
ceptioas,and underftanding; and to. draw forth the know-
ledge there ftored up; will alfo helpe usto produce know
ledge from without. So as ifa man of Learning, and under-
flanding be in prefence,we might be able,aptly and wifely
to propound a Queftion thereof, andlikewife profitably fe-
lect and perufe Auctors and Books;or parts of Books,which
might teach and informe us ofthofepoints weenquire. —
$. ‘But Particular Topiques doe much more conduce to the
Purpofewe fpeake of, and ts to be accompted athing of farre grea-
see ^ : LO
serufe~ There hath bin indeed fome flight mention made Toric z
hereof,by fome Writers; but it hath not yet bin handled ful-
Jy: andaccordingto the dignity of the Subjeét. Burro let
paflechat humourand pride} which hath raigned too long
in Schools, which is; to purfue with infinite fubtiltie , things
that are within their command ; but never to touch at things
any whit removed ; we doe receive and embrace Particular
Topique as a matter of great ufe,that is, Places of Enquiry,and
> Invention,
PARTICV?
LARES,
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
Jnvention appropriate to Particular Subjects and Sciences;and
thefe Places are certaine mixtures of Logiques and the proper
matter of Particular Sciences .For he is but a weake man, and
of narrow capacity , who conceives that the Art of finding
out Sciences may be found out; propounded » and perfected,
atonce; even intheir firft conception; and prefently be fer
downe, and practifed infome worke. But let men know
fer certaine» That folid and true Arts of Invention doc fhoote up,
€ come tomaturity with the lmventions tbem[elves : So aa when a
man fir St enters upontbe fearch of a knowledgesbe may bave many
profitable Precepts of Invention, but after be bath made farther
progre[fe im the knowledge it [elfe » he mays and muft excogitate
new Precepts of fnvention, which may,lead him more profperou-
fly to further Difcoveries. For this kind of Purfuite is like a
going upona Plaineand open Champion;for after we have
gone a part of the way ;\we have not only gained this, that
We ate now neerer.toourjourneyes end ;but we gaine the
better fight of that part of the way, which remaines . So e-
very degree of Proceeding in Sciences ; having paft over that
whichisleft behind , gives abetter profpect to that which
followes. And becaufe we fet downe this Part of Topique
as Dgr1c ENT, we will annexanexamplethereof.
III 4 Particular Topique , orthe Articles of Enquiry
à; de Gravi «P Lavi,
Et it be enquired what Bodies thofe are which are fuf-
~ceptibleof che Movion-of Gravity;wbat of Levityand whe-
ther there beany ofa midle and indifferent Nature?
2. Afieran abfolute Inquiry de Gravi t9 Levi ; proceed to
comparative Inquiry ;as of Ponderow Bodies which dothweigh
more,whichleffe,in the fame dimeufion?fo of Light Bodies;
' whicharemore {peedilycaried upward which moreflowly?
3. Letitbe inquired, what the Quantum of a Body may
contributejand effecttowards.the Motion of Gravitie. But
this, atfirft fight; mayfeeme a fuperfluous Inquiry, becaufe
ce computation of Motion muft follow-the Computation of
Quantity:
2E
OrLEARNING. Lis. V.
Quantity : Butthe matter is otherwile ; for although the
Quantity inthe skales doe compenfate the weight of the Bo-
dy it felfe, (the force of the Body every way meeting by re-
percuflion,or by refiftance; of the Bafins, or of the Beame)
yet where there is but {mall refiftance | ( as in the falling
downe of abody thorow the Aire) the Quantity of a body
litle availes to the incitation of the de[cent; {eeing two Balls of
Lead, one oftwenty,the othersof one pound waight , fall tothe
earth almoft in an equall {pace of time.
4 Letit beinquired, whether the Quantity of aBody
may be fo increafed as thatthe Motion of Gravitte may be ut-
terly depofed and caft off; as in the Globe of the earth,
which is penfile; and fallsnot ? Whether may there be other
mafiive fubftanices,fo great, as may fuftaine chemfelves? For
Locall Defcent to the (entre of tbe Earth, is a meere fiction;
and every great Maile abhorresall Locall Motion, unleffe it
be overrul’d by another more. predominant Appetite.
y Let it beinguiredswhat the refiftance of a Body interpo-
fing, or incountring may doe , or actuate towards the mana-
ging of the Motion of Gravitie:For a Body defcending; either
penetrates and cutteth the Body occurrent; oris arrefted by
ic If it Penetratesthen there is “Penetration ; or with weaker
refiftance,as in Aire, or with more ftrong,as in Water : If it
be f/aid, it is ftaid either by a refiftance usequall, where there
isa Pregravation , asif wood fhould be put upon wax; or
equa!/as if water {hould be put upon water , or wood upon
wood ofthe fame kind: which theSchooles, ina vaine ap-
prehenfion call the sog-Ponderation of a body within its owne
Spheare. All thefe doe vary the Motion of Gravitie ; for heavy
Subftances are otherwaies moved in skales, otherwife in fal-
ling downe ; nay otherwife (which may feem ftrange) in
Ballances hanginginthe Aire , otherwile in Ballances im-
meríed in water,otherwife in falling downthorow water;
otherwife in {wimming, or tranfportation upon water.
6 . Let it be inquired, whatthe Figure of a body deícen-
ding may;or doth worke, to the moderating of the Motion of
Gravitie,as a broad Figure withtenuity ; a cubique Figures
long;
241
V.DIGRES.
242
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
long;round ; Pyramidale; when they turne ; whenthey re-
maine in the {ame Pofture, wherein they were deliver'd.
7 Let inquiry be made,of that which the Continuance and
“Progrefion of a Fall or Defcent,may,and doth worketo this
effect , that irmay be caried with a greater incitation and
force;and with what proportion, and how farre that Inci-
tation will carry?For the Ancients,upon a flight contempla-
tion,were of opinion, that becau[z that was anaturall Motion,
y; DIGRES. t would continually be augmented , and improv d.
De Magn.
8 Let Inquiry be made of that which Diffance and
Proximitie of a Body defcending fromthe earth, may, and doth
worke to this end,that it may fall more {peedily,more flow-
ly or elfe not at all, ( if fo be that it be without the Orbe of
Activity of the terrene Globe, which was Gilberts opinion):
as likewife what the immerfow of a Body de[cending more in
the deepe of the earth; or the placing thereof neerer tothe fu-
porficies of the earth, may produce? Forthefe kindes of Pofi-
tures vary the motio,as they experience that work in Mines.
9 Lettherebe Enquiry made of that which the diffe-
rence of Bodies , by which Motion of Gravitie is diffufed,
and communicatedscan doeand doth: And whether it may
equally be communicated by Bodies (oft; and Porofe, as
by hard and folid:As ifthe Beame of the Ballance be on one
fide of che tongue wood; onthe other fide filver , .( though
they bereducedtothefame waight ) whether doth it not
beget a variation in the Skales? ín like manner , whether
Merall putupon Wooll,or upon a blown bladder waigh the
fame, it would doe, iflaid inthe bottome of the Skale?
10 Lettherebe Enquiry made what the diftance ofa Bo-
dy fromthe levell-Poife;that is the,quick,or late perception
ofthe incumbent, or of depreffion, can doe or doth:As
in a Ballance where one part of the beame islonger (though
ofthe (ame waight) whether this doth fyway the Ballance ?
Orincrooked Pipes , where certainly the longer part will
draw the water,althoughthe fhorter part, made more ca-
pacious,may containe a greater waight of water.
11 Lettbere be Enquiry made of that which the inter-
mixtion
Or LraAnNING. Lis. V.
243
mixtion or Copulation of a lightbody with a waighty,may
doc totheraifing of the »aigbt of a Body asin the poife
ef Living Creatures, and Dead?
133 Let Enquiry be made of the fecret afcenfions,and def-
cenfions ofthe parts more light and more waighty in one,
and the fame entire Body. Whereby there may be made of-
tentimes exact fcparations; as in the feparation of wineand
water;in the Afcenfion of the flower of milk,andthe like.
13. Let it ba Enquired what is the line and direction of
the Motion of Gravitie; and how farre it may follow ei-
ther the centre of the earth; that is che maffe ofthe earth; or
the centre ofthe Body itfelfe; that is, the contention and
driving on ofthe parts thereof; for thofe Centres are profi-
tablein demonftration, but of no ufe in Nature.
14 Let it beinquired touching the Comparifon of the
Motion of Gravitie ; with other Motions ; what Motions
it mafters ; to whatit yeelds? As in the Motion,which they
call, violent, which is repreft and bridled for a time;as when
a farre greater waight of Iron is drawne up by a {mall
Load-ftone; the Motion of Gravitie gives placetothe Mo-
tion of Sympathy.
i5 Let Enquiry be made of the Motion of Aire, whether it
be caried upwards,or be collaterall and indifferent? Which
isa hard thing to find out ; but by (ome exquifite Experi-
ments :for the glittering apparition of Aire in the bottome
of water , is rather by the percuflion of water, than by the
Motion of Aire ; being the {ame emication may be made in
wood.But Aire mingled withAire difcovers noExperiment;
becaufe Aire in Aire exhibites Levity no leffe', than water
in water doth Gravity : But in a bubble drawne over with
the inclofure of a thin skin, it ftayes for a time.
16 © Letit be Juquired what tt the Terme of Levitie , fox
fure their meaning (who made the Centre of the earth, the
Centre of Gravitie)is notsthat the ultimate convexity of hea-
ven fhould be the ftint and limits of Levitie : Or rather, that
as ponderous Bodies feeme to be fo farre caried that there
they may caft Anchor as at a fixt Piller, fo light Bodies are fo
Hh2 farre
244
Or TuE ADVANCEMENT
farre caried that they may begin to wheele about,and come
to a motion without termination? |
17 Let Enquiry be made, why vapours and exhalations
fhould be caried as high as the midle Region of the Aire (as
they callit) ; feeingthey are fomewhat agroffe fubftance.
and the beames ofthe Sunne by turnes( as inthe night )ceafe
their Operation.
18 Let Enquiry be made of the Conduct. of the Motion
of Flame upwards;vvhich isthe more abftrufe,becaufe Flame
expires every moment; fave perchance in the imbracement
of greater Flames : For Flames feparated & broken off from
their continuation,laft not long.
19 Let Enquiry be made of the afcendent Motion of the Actiyi.
ty of Heate3as whenthe Heat of red-hot Iron affecteth rather
to mount upwards,than to move downwards? The example
therfore of Particular Topique may be made in this manner;
in the meane , what we have begun to advife, we doe agen
admonifh,which is,that men vary their Particular Topiques
fo , asafter further Progreffion made by Fngquiry, they doe
fubftitute one,and after that another Topique,if ever they de-
fire to reach the top of Sciences. As for us, we attribute fo
much to Particular Topiques,as we doe defigne to makea
Particular Worke of them upon fome Subjects in Nature,
which are more obferveable, and more obícure; Forwe are
Commanders of Queflions , not fo of things. And thus much
of Invention.
CAP.
—— M — Ó—— HE — P—————— '(Á——H—MnuÓÓ———M € Ó——aÀ—
Or LEARNING. Lis: V.
Vis Bio Gio Bie Qi Bie Qin IH BIO anti SIN IU BIMBI GIA
! CAP. iv.
IThe Partition of the Art of Iudging, into Iudement by Induction.
9. And by Syllogifme . Of the first a Collection is madein the New
Organ. 8. The firft Partition of Iudement by Sylogifmeinto Re-
duction, Dirett , and Inverft, §. The fecond Partition thereof,
into Analytique Art: and the Knowledge of Elenches, 11. The Di-
vifion of the Knowledge of Elenchs,into Elenchs of Sophifmes,
§. Into Elenchs of Interpretation of Termes. §. And into Elenchs
of Images,or Idolaes. 111. The Divifion of Idolaes, §. Into Im.
prefions from the Generall Nature of Man,or |dola Tribüs. §, zz-
to Impre(Cions from the Individnalltemper of Particulars, or Idola
Specus. $. into Imprejsions by Words , and Communicative Na-
ture,or Idola Fori. 1V. An Appendix of the Art of Indging name-
ly of the Analogie of Demonftration according to the Nature of
the Subject,
$59 ET usnow pafleto Indgments or the Art of Iudg-
Veiya, ing which handleth the Nature of Proofes or Demon-
ey [trations . And inthis Art of Iudging (as alfo ge-
nerally it is accepted) a Conclufion us inferred either by Induttie
on;or elfe by Syllogifme : For Enthymemes , and Examples are
only the abridgements of thefe two . As for: Iudgmentthat
it is by Induétion we need nothing doubt. For by oue and the
fame Operation of the Mind,that which 1s fougotsts both found and
Iudged. Neither is the thing perfected by any meane ; but
immediately after the fame manner , for molt part, as itis
in Senfe:For Senfe,in hir Primarie objects, doth at once feize
upon the fpecies of an object,and confentto the truth there-
of But it is otbermife in Syllogi{me, the Proofe whereof is not
Fmmediate but perfected by a Mean; and therefore the Taven-
tion of the Medium is one thing , andthe Iudgment of the confe-
quence of Argument is another. For the mind frr [1 difcour[etb ,af-
terwards refts fatisfied . But a vitious forme of Induction we ut-
terly difclaime; a Legitimate Forme we referre over tothe
New Organ. Therefore enough inthis places of Judgment
by Induction.
Hh3 § For
245
246
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
$ Forthat other Iudgment by Sylogifme , towhat pur-
pole is it to fpeake , feeing this is by the fubde files off
mens wits almoft worne away; and reduced into many
minute peeces ? And no marvell being it is a thing hath fuch —
Sympathie with mans underftanding. For the mind of man
doth wonderfully endeavour and extremely covet thts, that it may
not be penfile,butthat it maylight upon [ometbing fixt , andim-
moveable , enwhich ason a firmament it may fupport it felfesin its
ift motions and difquifitions. Surely, as Ariftotle endevoureth
Deanimal.to prove., That in all motion of Bodies there is fome point quie[-
Mottone.
cent sand very elegantly expoundeththe Ancient Fable of Atlas»
that flood fixed,and bare up the heavens fromfalling.to be meant
of the Poles of the World, whereupon the (Converfion is accom-
plifbt. In like manner men doe carneftly(ecketo have fome Atlas,
or Axeltree of their Cogitations within them{elves, which may in
[ome meafure moderate the fluttuations, and wheelings ef the uu-
derftanding , fearing itmay be , the falling of their heaven.
Therefore men have haftned too faft to fet downe Principles of
Sciences, about which all the varietie of Difputations might turne
without perill of ruine or Subverfion. Tn truth not knowing that be
whotoo early layes bold on certainties, will conclude in ambigui-
tiessand he that feafonably fufpends bis Iudgment. fhall attaine to
Certainties.
§ Sothen itis manifeft, thatthis Art of Judging by Syllo-
gifme is nothing elle, but the reduction of Propofitionsto
Principles,by middletermes; and Principles are underftood
to be agreed of by all, and areexempt from Argument. But
the invention of middle termes is permitted to thefree fa-
gacity,& purfuit of mens wits. This Reduéfion is of two kinds,
Direét and Tnverted. Direc iswvhen the Propofition is redu-
ced to the Principle, which is call’d Probation Oftenfive. In-
verfedis ; when the Contradictorie of the Propofition is re-
duced to the Contradictorie of the Principle; which they
terme a ‘Probation from incongruitie, or an abfurdity. The
number alfoofmiddleterms, or their fcale is diminifhed
or increafed , asthey are remov’d from the Principle of the
Propofition.
§ Tiefe
Or Learnine. Lis. V. 247
& "Theft grounds laidswe will divide the Art of Indgment (as
for moft part generally itis ) émto Analytique Art ; andthe
Doétrine of Slenchs ; the one giveth Direction ; the other
Caution. For Analytique fetteth downe the true formes of
Confequences of Arguments;by a variation,and deflection,
from which; the Conclufion is deprehended to be errone-
ous; and this part containes in it a kind of Elench, or Redar-
gution. For, asitisfaid , Re&wmi7 (wi index eI obliqui. V Euclid. |
Notwithftanding it is the fafeft way to fet downe E- ha
lenchs as Monitors , whereby Fallagies, which otherwife
might in{nare the ludgment , may be more eafily detected.
Inthe Analytique Part we find nothing DeFtcrent, which
rather is loaden’d with fuperfluities, than any way is wan-
ting in acceffions.
{i Tbe Knowledge of Elenchs wwe divide into three Parts:
Elenchs of S ophifmes;€lenchs of ]nterpretation; and Elenchs of f-
mages or Idólaes . The Do&trine of Elenchs of Sopbifmes is ve-
ry ufefull;for although the more groffe fort of Fallacies is(as
Seneca makes the comparifon very well; ) But asthe feates of Epia., 45;
Tuglers which though we know not how they are done. yet we know
well it ts hot as it feemes to be. Yetthe more fubtile fort of So-
phifimes doth not only put a man befides his anfwer,but doth
in good earneft abule his Judgment.
§ This Part concetning the Elenchs of Sophifmes is excel-
lently handled by Ariffotle in Precept ; but more excellently
by P/atoinexample not only inthe Perfon of the Ancient In Dial. ica
Sophifts ; Gorgias ; Hippias ; Protagoras,and Eutbidemus, and infeript.-
thereft ; but even in the Perfon of Socrates himfelfe, who
profeffing to affirme nothing, but to infirme whatfoever o-
thers avouch ; hath exactly expreffed all the formes of Obje-
&ions, Fallaciessand Redargutions. Wherefore in this part we
have nothing Der rc 1eNnT. Butthis,in the meane time,is to
be noted , that hough we make the ingenuous and princi-
pall ufe of this Knowledge to confift in this , That Szphifmes
may be redargued; yet it 15 manifeft, that the degenerate and cor-
rupt ufe thereofsis imploy d to contrive, and impofe, captions and
Contradiétions,by the[e Sophifmes ; which paffeth for a great Fa-
cultie
248
‘Perift. Ana-
lyt.
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
cultie,and no doubt is of great advantage . Though the diffe.
rence was elegantly made by one betwixt an Orator ,anda
Sophift, That the one is asthe Grey-Hound, which hath bis ad..
vantage inthe race, the other asthe Hare which bath bir advan-
tage inthe turne. |
§ Now follow Elenchi Hermenia » for fo we will call
them; borrowing the Word,rather than the Senfe,from Ari-
Stotle . And here let us call to mens memorie what we have
{aid before ; (when we handled Primitive Philofophie ) of
tran{cendent,and adventitious Conditionssor Adjuncts of Entities
they be Majoritie, Minovitie, Much, Litle; Prioritie ,Pofteriori-
tie, Identitie, Diver fitie, Power, AG ; Habit, Privation; Totality,
Partialitie, Adivitie , Pafsivitie, Motion, Quictude; Entity,
Non-Entity,and thelike.But {pecially let menremember,and
obferve the different Contemplations of thefe Properties,
which is,that they may be inquired;either Phyfically, or Lo-
gically. The Phyficall handling of thefe adherent Qualities
we have affigned to Primitive Philofophie. The Logicall re-
maineth &thatis thevery thing which we here ftile Doétri-
nam de Elenchis Hermenia,the Knowledge of the Elenches ef In-
terpretation . This indeed is a found & materiall Portion of
Knowledge : For thefe Comune and generall Notions bavethis
Nature that in all difputations they every where interveneyo as if
they Le not by acarefull Iudgment accurately diftinguifht at fir fts
they may wonderfully overcloud the whole light of Difputations,
and even bring the cafe tothat paffe , thatthe Difputations fall
be refolved into askirmifb of words. For /Equivocationssand er-
ronious acception of words ({pecially of this Nature) arethe So-
phifines of Soph:{mes. Wherefore it feemeth better to confti-
tutea Treatife of themapart , than to receive them into
“Prime Philo{ophy I meane Metaphyfique ; orto annexe. them
asa part of Analytiques, which Aristotle very confifedly hath
done.And we have given it a name from the nature and Ufe,
for the right ufe is plainly Redargution, and Caution about
the acception of words . Nay that Part of Predicaments tou-
ching Cautions; of not confounding , and tranfpofing the
termes of Definitions and Divifions , if it were rightly infti-
tuted,
OrLearnine, Lis. V. - 248
tuted, would be of fingular ufejin our judgment,and mighe
fitly be referred hether. Andthus much of the Elenchs of In-
zerpretdtion. — .- no il: j
UE. As for the Elenchs of jmages or Idolaes, certainly Fdolaes md
arethe profoundeft Fallacies of the mind of man. Nox doe they iporo-
deceive in Partictilars, asthe reft doe; cafting a Cloud, and ^ *
Ípreading {nares over the Judgment; but apertly-from a cor-
rupt, and crookedly-fet predifpofition ofthe mind;which >?
doth;as it wereswreftand infect all the anticipationsofthe © — —
underftanding . For the mind of man (drawn oversand clou-
ded withthe fable Pavillion of the Body) is fo farre from
being like a (mooth, equall, and cleere Glaffe, which might
fincerely take and reflect the! beames of things, according
totheir true incidence; that it is rather like an inchanted
Glaffe, full of Super(titions;Apparitions,and Impoftures.
§ Jdolaes are.impo[ed upon the underStanding , either by
the univer(ad Nature of man in generall « Or fiom the individu-
all Kature of Particulars; or by words ,er nature Communica-
sive. The firftfortof Images we wontto call, Idola Tribiis.
thefecond; Fdola Specits; the third; Idola Fori. Thereis alfo a nov og.
fourth kind,which wecall, Fdola Theatri. and is ttrodaced Lx. 3.
by deprayed Theories or Philofophies , and perverfe Lawes of eee
Demonftrations ; but this kind may be denied and put off,
wherefore we pafle it over forthe prefent.But the other doe
plainly befiege the mind, nor can they ever be quite remo-
ved,or extirpated. Therefore lec none expect any Analytique
Art in thefe;butthe knowledge of Elenchs concerning thefe
Idolaes is aPrimarie Knowledge. Nor (to fpeake truth )can
this Knowledge of Idolaes be reduced into Art; but only by
a contemplative wifdome, we may be iriftructed to beware
ofthem. Asforajuftand more fübtile Treatife thereof, we
referrethat to the Nayusm Organum touching upon chem ina
generality in this place. a |
- $. Idola Tribüs is thus exemplified, The Nature of the mind —
of man is more affected with Affirmatives and Allives , than NONE
with Negatives and Pripatives, whereas in a ju and regular Ap. XLV.
courfe it fhould prefent it (elfe equall to. both. Butthe mind of 411.
li man
exclufive,
250 Or THE ADVANCEMENT
man, if a thing have once bin exiftent , and held good re-
ceives a deeper Impreffion thereof , than ifthe fame things
farre more often faild and fell out otherwife ; whichis the
roote, asit were, of all fuperftition and vaine Credulity. So
that be anfwered well to him that fhewed him the great
number of Pictures of fuch as had fcaped .Shipwrack , and
had paid their vowes ; and being preft withthis Interroga-
pee tive, Whether be did not now confelfe the Divinity of Neptune? re-
"7 * turn'dthis counter-queftion byway of anfwer, y2a,but where
aye they paintedsthat are drowned? And there isthe fame rea-
fon of all fuch like Superftitions,as in Aftrologie; Dreames;
Divinations,and the reft.An other Inftance isthis.The Spirit of
man being it felfe of an equall and uniforme Sub [Lance , doth pre-
Suppofesand faine a greater equality, and uniformitie in Nature,
tban in trutb there . Hencethatfiction ofthe Mathematici-
V.DIGRES. ays. that inthe heavenly “Bodies all is moved by perfec Cireless
rejecting fpirall Lines - fo it comes to paffe that whereas
there are many things in Nature , as it were Monodica, and
full of imparity ; yet the conceipts of men ftill faine and
frame unto themfelves, Relatives; Parallels, and (onjugates.
Elem.Ig- For upon this ground » the Element of Fire and its Orbe is
nis vide — brought into keepe (quare with the other three, Earth, Water;
Dig ire, ‘The Chymiques have fet outa fanaticall Squadron of
the word, faining by amoftvaine conceipt , in thofe their
foure Elements ( Heaven; Aire; Water, and Earth)there are
Paracel. found to every one parallel and conformefpecies. The third
Fludde — Example hath (ome affinitie with the former, That man is, as
paflin. it were , the common meafare and mirror or glalfeof Nature ; for
itisnot credible (if all Particulars were {cann’d and noted)
what atroupe of Fittions and Idolaes the reduction of the
operations of Nature, to the fimilitude of humane Actions,
hath brought inco Philofophies| fay this very fanfie » that it
Should be thought that Nature doth the [ame things that man doth.
WP Neither arethefe much better than the Herefie of the Az-
mane
Or -Learnina. Lis. V. ro
mane (hape. But‘Velleius the Epicurean needed not to have
asked , why God fhould have adorned the heavens with
ftarres and lights,as if he had bin an Edit ; one chat fhould
have fet forth fome magnificent fliewes or playes.for if that
great Workman had conform’d himfelfe coche imitation,
of an Aidilts he would have caft the ftarres into fome plea-
fantarid beautifull workessand orders like the curious roofs
of Paláces,whereas one can Ícarce find in fuch an infinite
number of flarres.a Pofturein fquares or Triangle; or rights
Line. Se different a harmony there is betweene the Spirit of °
mans andthe Spirit ofthe world. | |
$ dela Specs are derived from the Fndividuall Comple- NOV.OR.
xion of every * Particular inrefpect of Mind, and of Body, às alfo, ^. m
from Education; Cuftome 3 and Fortwitous Events , which be- ad LIX,
fall every man. For it isan excellent embleme that of Plato's
Cave; for certainly (toletgoethe exquifite fubtiltie of that Plat. de
Parable) ifaman were continued from his Childhood unz Rer VH-
to mature Age in a Grot, ora dark and fubterraneous Cave,
andthen fhould come fodainly abroad , and fhould behold
thisflately Canopie ofheaven , and the Furniture of the
World, without doubt he woulkkhave many ftrange and
abfurd imaginations come into his mind, and peo-
ple his braine.So in like manner we live in the view of hea-
ven ; yet our Spirits are inclofed in the Caves of our Bodies;
Complexions , and Cuftomes, which muft needs minifter
unto us infinite images of errorsand vain Opinions , if they
doe fo feldomes & for fo {hort a {pace appear above ground,
outoftheir holes; and doe not continually live under the
Contemplation of Nature;as in the open Aire. That Parable |
of Heraclitus doth well fuite with this embleme of Plato’s N.L.
Cave,that men {eck Sciences in their omne proper World , and not
inthe greater World. d
$. But Idola Fori are most troublefome, which out of a tacite NOV.OR,
flipulation among ft men,touching the impofition of werds and re hx
3 . : t ph. LIX,
names, have infinuated themfelves into the underftanding . ad LXI,
Words commonly are impofed according tothe capacity of
the People; and diftinguith things by fuch differences,as the
i2 Vulgar
1» Or THE ADVANCEMENT
Vulgarare capeable off; and when a more prefcifive conce-
ption,and a more diligent obfervation would difcerne, and
feparate things better;the noife of popularvvords confounds
and interrupts them. And that which is the remedy to this
inconvenience(namely Definitions)in many points is nota rc-
medy fufficient for the difeafe,becaufethe Definitions them-
felves confiftof words, and words beget words. For aj-
though we prefume that we are mafters of our words, and
Agate expreffions; and it isfoon faid, loquendum ut vulgus fentien-
EDD qunut fApientessand that words of Art, which are of autho-
rity only with the Learn'd, may feeme to give fome fatisfa-
étion to this defect; and that the Definitions whereof we
have{pokenspremifed, and prefuppofed in Arts according
to the wifdome of the Mathematicians may be of forceto
correct the depraved acceptations of words; yet all thisie-
cures us not from the cheating flights and charms of words,
which many waiesabufeus, and offer violence tothe un-
derftanding, and afterthe manner ofthe Tartars Bow, doe
fhootback upon the judgment from whence they came.
Wherefore this difeale muft have anew kind of remedy;and
of more efficacy. Butwe doe now touch thefe in paffage
briefly,in the meanétime reporting this Knowledge which
we will call, the Great Elenchs , or the Doctrine of Fdolaes,
Native and adventuall of themind of man; to be Der ret-
ENT, But wereferre a juft Treatife thereof tothe Novum
Organum.
"n Iv There remains one part of Judgment of great excel-
DE ANA- lency,which likewite we fet downe as DEriciENT.Forin-
LOGIA deed Ariftotle noteth the thing , but no where purfueth the
DEMON- As, Wie 4 : 1 BE
STRATI. Manner of acquiring it . The Subje& of this pointis this,
ONVM. The different kind of Demonftrations and Proofes;to different kind
of Matter and Subjects , fo that this Doctrine containeth the
Ed.Lib, x, I dieations of Indications.For Arifftle advileth well, That we
Eth Lib. 1.
‘may notrequire DemonStrations from Orators , or Perfvafions
from Mathematicians ; {o that if you miftake inthe kind of
Proofe, the judicature cannot be upright and perfect. And
fceing there are foure kinds of Demonftrations either by im-
mediate
OFLeEaRNING. Lis. V.
255
mediate Confents and commune Notiens, or by Induétion, ox by
Syllogifme, or by that which Ariftotle calls Demonftration in
orbesor in Circle, (that is not from the more knownnotions,
but down right);every of thefe Demon(trations hath certaine
Subjects and matter of Sciences, wherein ref pectively they
have chiefeftufe; other Subjects from which refpectively
they oughtto beexcluded. For arigor and curiofity in requt-
ringtoo[zyere proefes in [ome things ; much more a facilitie and
remi(fion in refting fatisfred in [ughterProofes , are to be num-
bred among (tthofe prejudicesswhich have bin the greateft Can-
fes of detriment, and impediment to Sciences. Thus much con-
cerning the Art of Iudging.
PLLELELELOLLEL EEL ELLER
CAP. V.
I The Partition of _4rt Retentive , or of Memorie, into the K non.
ledge ofthe Helpes of Memorie, § and the Knowledge of the Me-
morie it felfe. 11. The Divifion of the Doctrine of Memorie in-
te Prenotion. § aud Embleme.
7 E will divide the Art of Retaining or of Cuflodiein-
WAS t0 two Knowledges, that is, intothe Knowledge of the
CRO Helps of Memoriesandthe Knowledge of the Memory
at felfe. Affiftant to Memory is writingsand it muft by all means
be noted that Memory ofit felfe,without this fupport, would
betoo weake for prolixe and acurate matters; wherein it
could no way recover, or recall it felfe, but by Scripture.And
this fubfidiary fecond , is alfo of moft {peciall ufe in Induétive
Philofophy and the Ynterpr etation of Nature . For aman may
as well perfect, and fumme up the (omputations of an E-
phemerides by meere Memory; as comprehend the Interpre-
tation of Nature by meditations, and the nude , and native
ftrength of Memory; unleffe the fame Memory be affifted by
Tables and Indices provided forthat Purpofe. Buttolet goe
the Interpretation of Nature, which is a new Knowledge;
there fcarcely can beathing more ufefull even to ie
113 an
234.
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
and popular Sciences ; than a folid, and good Aide to Me-
mory, thatis, a fubftantiall and Learned Digef] of Common
places.Neither am I ignorant , that the referring of thofe things
we readyor learnesinto Common-Places , à imputed by fome as a
Prejudice to Learning; as caufing aretardation of Reading and
a flothfull relaxation to Memory.But becaufe itis a Counterfeit
thing in Knowledge, to be forward and pregnant, unleffe
you be withall deepe and full ; I hold that the diligencesand
paines incollecting Common- Places; is of great ule and cer-
tainty in ftudying; as that which Subminifters Copie to In-
vention,and contracteth the fight of Iudgmentto a ftrehgth,
But tbiris true , that of the Metbods and Syntagmes of Common -
Places which we have [eenesthere is none that is of any worth ; for
that in their Titles,they meerly repre(ent the face, rather of a
Schoolesthan of the world exhibiting Vulgar and Pedanticall Die
viftons , and not [uch a any way penetrate the Marrow and Pith
of things.
§ Asfor Memory itíelfe; that in my Iudgment hetherto
hath bin loofely,and weakly inquired into. There is indeed
an Art extant of it;but we are certaine that there may be had
bothlbetter Precepts for the confirming and Wer Me-
morysthan that Arc comprehendeth ; and a better Practice of
that Art may be fet downe,than that which is receiv'd. Nei-
ther doe we doubt. ( ifany man have a mind to abufe this
Artto oftentation ) butthat many wonderfull and prodigi-
ous matters may be performed by it.But for ufe(as it is now
managed Jitisa barrenthing. Yet this in the meane time
we doe nottaxe it withall that it doth fupplant,or furcharge
Naturall Memory (as commonly is objected ) but that it is
not dexteroufly applied to lend affiftance to Memory inbu-
fineffe,and ferious occafions . And we havelearned this (it
may befrom our practifed Courfe in a civile calling) that
whatfoever makes oftentation of Art, and gives no affu-
rance ofufeswe eftime as nothing worth. For torepeate on
the fodaine a great number of names or words , upon once
hearing,in the fame order they were delivered; or to powre
fortha number of a verfes upon any argumenk ex tempore;
or
Os LEARNING. Lis. V.
—
D
or totaxe every thing that falls out in fome fatyricall fimile,
or theturning of every thing toa jeft; orthe eluding of eve-
ry thing by a contradictionor cavill ; and the like; whereof
in the faculties ofthe mind there is a great ftore ; and fuch as
by wit and practice may be exalted to a great degree of
wonder. All thefe and the like, we make no more eftimati-
on of, than we doe of the agilities, and tricks of Tumblers,
Buffones ,& Iuglers. For they are almoft ail one thing fceing
thefe abufe the Powers ofthe Body , thefe the Powers of
the mind ; and perchance they may have fome ftrangeneffe
inthem;butlitle or no worthineffe. |
II: This Art of Memory is built upon two IntentionsPre-
notion and Emblem. we call Prenotion a Precifion of endleffe
inve[ligation,for when a man would recall any thing to Me-
mory,it he haveno Prenction or Preception of that he feeketh;
he fearcheth indeed , and taketh paines, rounding this way
and that way , asinamaze of inhnitie. But if he have any
certaine Prenotion , prefently that which is infinite is dif-
charged & cut off; and the quefting of the Memory is brought
Within a more narrow compalfe; as in the hunting of a Fal-
low Deere within the Parke. Therefore it is evident, that
Method helpes the Memory 5 for Prenotion fuggefteth that it
- muft agree with order.So verfes are fooner gotten by heart
than Profe; for if a man make a doubtfull ftand at a words
Prenotion prompts him that the word which agrees with
the verfe,muft be of {uch a Nature. And this Prenotion is the
firft part of Artificiall Memory . For in Memory Artificial we
have places digefted & provided before hand:But we make
Jmages extemporesaccording as the prefent fhall require. But
Prenotion doth admonifh that the Image muft be fuch as
hath fome refemblance with the Place, this isthat which
awaketh,and in fome fort muniteth the Memory inthe chafe
of what we feeke.
§ Embleme deduceth Conceptions Futellectuall to Images
(enfible, and that whichis fenfible, more forcibly ftrikes the Me-
mory, aud is more eafily imprinted , thanthat whichis Tntellettu-
all.So we fee that eve the Memory of Beaftsis ftirr’d up by
a
256
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
afenfible object,not by an fntelle uall.So you will more ea-
fily remember che Image of a Hunts-man purfuing the Hares
or of an Apothecary fetting in order hisBoxes’, or of aPe-
dant making a {peech,or of a boy reciting verfes by heart; or
ofa lefter acting upona ftage , than the Notions of Invention;
Difpofitions&locution; Memory; Aion . There are other things
that pertaineto the helpe of Memory (as we faid evennow )
but the Art which now is in ufe confifts of thefe twolInten-
tions now fet downe. To purfue the Particular Defects of
Arts, would be to depart from our intended Purpofe.
Wherefore let thus much fuffice for the Art of Retaining, ot
of Cuflodie . Now we defcend in order tothe fourth mem-
ber of Logique; which handles Tradition and Elocution.
THE
257
—
—
222622902806 :20000$
THE SIXTH BOOK OF
FRANCIS LO. VERVLAM
VICOUNT S ALBAN.
OF THE |
DIGNITY AND ADVANCEMENT
OF LEARNING,
Tothe KING.
CAP. I
Y The Partition of the Art of Tradition into the Doctrine of tht Or-
gan of Speech . The Doctrine of the Method of Speech, Andthe Do:
éfrine of the Iiluftration of Speech, . The Partition of the Do-
Grine ofthe Organof Speech; into the Knowledge of the Notes of
things; of Speaking; and of Writing ; of which the twola# conftitute
Grammar, and the Partitions thereof. 9. The Partition of the
Knowledge of the Notes of things into Hierogly phiques , And inte
Characters Reall, 11. A fecond Partition of Grammar , into Lite-
warie;and Philofophicad. 111. An Aggregation of Poefie,referring
"to Meafure ,untotbe Knowledceof Speech. An Aggregation of the
Knowledge of Cyphers tothe Knowledge of Writing,
o9 E RTAINLY anyman may affume theliber-
f ty (Excellent King) if he befo humourd, to jeft
A > andlaughat himfelfe, or his owne Projects.
Xe =) Who then knowes whether this worke of ours s
be not perchance a Tranícript out of an Ancient Booke S
found amongft the Books of that famous Library of $.*Ci- CP diis du
Gor, a Catalogue whereof M. Fra. Rabelais hath collected? 4o»Pantagr
For there a Book is found entitled Formicartum ARTI-
Kk vM;
3
Prov.6.
De Intet-
pret.
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
uM; wee have indeed accumulated a litle heape of
{mall Dust. andlaid up many Graines of Arts and Sciences
therein, whereto Ants may creepe,and there repofe a while,
and fo betake themfelves to new labours -Naythe wifeftof |
Kings fends the flothfull, of what ranke or qualitie foever,
untothe Ants; and tholewe define tobe florbfull , whofe only
care is tolive uponthe maine ftocksbut not to improve it by (owing
the Ground of Sciences over againe,and reaping anew Harveff.
l Nowlet us come unto the Art of Delivery » or of Expref-
fing, and Transferring thofethings which are Invented, Iudged,
and laid up in the Memory ; which, by a generall name , wewill
terme Tradition. This comprehendeth init all Arts touchin g
Words , & Speeches, for though Reafow be,as it were the Soule
of Speech, yet in the manner of handling, Rca/on and Speech
fhould be feparates even as the Soule and the “Body are. We
will divide thefe Traditive Sciences into three Parts;intothe
Knowledge concerning the Organof Specch ; intothe Knowledge
concerning the Method of Speech ; 4nd into the Knowledge con-
cerning the Illuftration or Ornament of Speech.
§ The Knowledge, concerning the Organ. of Speech gene-
rally receiv’d , which s alfo called Grammer, hath two
Parts.the one of Speech ; the other of Writing. For AriStotle
faith well ; Words are the Images of Cogitations . letters are the
Images of words; we will afligne both to Grammer But to de-
rive the matter fomewhat higher before we cometo Gram-
mer, and the parts thereof now fet downe ; we muft {peake
of the Organ of Tradition in generall . For there feemes~ “be
other Traditive Emanations befides Words and Letters. For
this is certaine whatfoever may be diftinguifht into diffe-
rences, fufficient for number, to exprefle the variety of No-
tions (fothofe differences be perceptibleto fenfe) maybe
the Convoy of the Cogitations from man to man. For we :
fee Nations of different Language to trade with one the o-
ther, well enough to ferve their curne, by Geffures. Nay inthe
Practice of many,that have bin dumbe and deafe from their
birth,and otherwife were ingenious , we have feen ftrange
Dialogues held between them, and theit aaa
earn’
Or-LraRNING. Lis. VI.
Jearn’d their Geftures . Moreover it t now generally knowne
thatin in China,and the Provinces of the high Levant,there
areat this day in ufe, certaine Reall, and not Nowinall Chara-
Gers; that is, fuchas exprefle neither Letters nor Words, but
Things , and Notions : info much that many Countries that
underfiand not.one an ethers Language , but confenit-
ing in {uch kind of (haraéters (which are more generally
receivd amongft them ) can communicate one with a-
nother by fuch Figures written ; fo as every Country
canread and deliver in his owne native tongue, the mea-
ning of any Book written with thefe Charatters.
$ Notestherefore of things, which without thehelpe
259
»
: *
and mediation of Words fignifie Things , are of two forts; Dg NO-
whereof the firft fort is fignificant of Congruitie, the otherad n RE-
placitum.Ot che former fort are Hieroglyphiques and Geftures,
of the later are thofe which we call-Charaéters Reall. The
ule of Hieroglyphiques is very ancient, and had in a kind of
Veneration ; efpecially amongft the /Egyptians one of the
moft Ancient Nations: So that Hieroglyphiques feem to have
bin a firSt-borne writing, and elder than che Elements of Let-
ters,unleffejit may besthe Letters ofche Ebrews . As for Ge-
{tures they are;as it were, Tranfitory Hieroglyphiques. Foras
words pronounced vanith ; writings remaine ;- fo Hierogly-
phiques exprefled by Ge/turessare cranfient , but’ Painted,per-
manent. As when ‘Periander being confulted with, howto
prefervea Tyranny, bid the Meffenger ftand ftill, and be wal- ee
king ina Garden opt. all tbe: higheft Flowers, fignifying the
cutting of,and the keeping low of the Nobility ; did as well
make ufe of a Hieroglyphigques as ifhe had drawne the {ame
upon Paper. This in the meane is plain that Hieroplypbiques
and Geftures ever have {ome fimilitude with the thing fig-
nified,and are kind of Emblemes, wherefore we have named
them the Notes of things from Congruitie.But Characters Reall
have nothing of Embleme in them ; but are plainly dumbe
and dead Figures,as the Elements of Letters are; and only de-
vifed ad Placitum, and confirmed by Cuftome sas by a tacite
agreement. And it is manifeft 4a that there muft needs be
X a
260
Gen. 5.
Or THe ApYVA&NCEMENT |
avaftnumber ofthem for writing ; at left fo many as there
are Radicall words. Wherefore this portion of Knowledge
concerning the Organ of Speechwhich à ofthe Notes of Ti hings we
report à! Dericient.And though it may feeme of no great
ufe;confidering that Words & writings by Letters are themoft
apt Organs of Tradition; yet we thought goodto makemen-
tion of it here,as of aknowledge not to be defpifed.For we
here handle,as it were,the Coynes of things Intellettuall.and it
will notbe amiffe to know, that as Money may be made of
other matter befides Gold and Silver; fo there may be ftam-
ped other Notes of things befides Words and Letters.
If Letus proceed to Grammer ; thu doth beare the office
as it were, of anV {her to other Sciences3a place not very bonoura-
ble, yet very wecefjary, efpecially feeing that in our age Sciences
are chiefly drawne from Learned Languages , and not from Mo-
ther-tongues. Nor is the dignity thereof to be eftimed meane,
feeing it fupplies the place of anAntidote; againft that Ma-
ledi&kion of the, Confufion of Tongues. Surely the Induftty of
man ftriveth to reftores and redintegrate himfelfe in thofe
Benedi&ions;which by his guilt he forfeited ; and by all o-
ther Arts , armes andftengthens himfelfe againft that fir
generall Curfe of the Sterility of the earth , aud the eating of
bis bread in the fweat of bis browes . But againft that fecond
Carle, which wasthe (onfufion of Tongues jhe calls in the affi-
Stance of Grammer. The ufe hereof in fome Mother-tongues
is indeed very {mall ; in forraine tongues more large; but
moft ample in {uch tongues, as have ceafed to be vulgar,and
are perpetuated only in Books. Dno dono
-.&. Wemwilldivide Grammer intotwo forts, whereof the one is
Literary:the other Philofophicall.. The one is meerly applied
to Languages, that they may be more fpeedily learned ; or
more correctedly and purely fpoken. The other in a fort doth
minifter; and is {ubfervient to Philofophie\. In this later part
Suetin Tal. which is Philofophieall , we find that Cafar writ Books De A-
_ NALOGIA; and it is a queftion whether thofe Books han-
Tick B dled this Philofophicall Grammer whereof we fpeake ?
HANS. Out opinionisthat there was not any bigh and fubtile mat-
ter
OrLearnine. Lis. VI. 261
terin them » but only that they deliver'd Preceprs of a pure
and perfe&t {peech, not depraved by popular Cuftome; nor
corrupted and polluted by over-curious affectation ; in
which kind Cefar excell'd . Notwithftanding, admonifh't by
fuch a worke, we have conceiv'd and comprehended in
our mind,a kind of Grammer,that may diligently enquire,
not the Analogic of words one with another, bucthe Analogic
between Words and Things , or Reafon; befides that 77-
ter pretation of Nature vvhich is fübordinate to Logique.Sure-
ly Words are the foot-fteps of Reafow ; and foot-fteps doe give
{ome indications ef the Body; wherefore we will give
fome generall defcription of this. And firft we doenoral-
low that curious inquiry which Plato an excellent man pur- In Cratyl.
{ued touching the impoftion and originall Etymology of names.
cenceiving is , as if words had not bin impofed at firft, ad Placi-
vum ; but were fignificantly derived and deduced from acertaine
reafon and intendment.Certainly an elegant and pliant fpecu-
Jation, which might be aptly fain'd and made fquare tothe
purpofe;and by reafon itfeemeth to fearch the fecrets of An-
tiquity,in fomekind reverend. But yet fparingly mixt with
truth and without fruit.But without queftion that would be
a moft excellent kind of Grammer (as we fuppofe ) if fome
man throughly inftructed in many Languages,as well Lear-
ned as Mother-tongues (hould write a Treatife of the diverfe
Proprieties of Languages.fhewing in what points every par-
ticular Language did excell ; and in what points it was Dr-
FICIENT. For fo Tongues might be enricht and perfeéted’by
mutuall intertrafique one with another ; and a moft faire
Image of fpeech (likethe Venus of Apelles) ; and a goodly
patterne for the true expreffion of the inward fenfe ofthe
mind, might be drawne from every part which is excellent
inevery Language : And withall no flight Conjectures, but
fuchas were well worth the obfervation , might betaken
(which a man perchance would litle think ) touching the
naturall difpofitions and cuftomes of People , and Nations,
even from their Languages. For I willingly give eare to Cice-
renoting that the Grecians have not a word which may
Kk3 exprefle
262.
De Orat,
lib. 3. ou
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
~ expreffechis Latine word: Jneptum; becau[z (faith he) thér vice
pas fo familiar tothe Grecians , that they did not fo much a3 ac-
knowledgethem(elves guilty thereof.Certainly a Cenfure wor-
thy a Roman gravity . And what may that inferre , thatthe
Grecians ufed fuch a Liberty in compofition of words,con-
trarywife the Romans wereinthis point fevere? Surelya
man may plainly colle& that che Grecians were more fitto
ftudy Arts, the Romansto manage affaires of ftate. For di-
ftinctions of Arts, for molt pait, require compofition of
words; but matters and bufinefle,fimple words. Bwitbe E-
brewes fo fhunne (Compofition , that they make choice rather to
| firaine a Metaphor too farre thanto bring in a Compofition . Nay
they ufe fo few words, and fo unmingled, that aman may
plainly perceive by their Tongue, that they were a Nazarite
People, andfeparate from other Nations. And ismot that
worthy obfervation (though it may ferve to abate our high
conceipt of our ownetimes ). that Ancient Languages were
more fui of Declenfions;Cafes;Conjugations;Ten[essandtbe like;
tbe moderne commonly deftitute of tbefz doe loofzly deliver tbem-
felves in many exjve(fions by Prepofitions and auxiliary verbes,
Certainly a man may eafily conjecture ( however we may
pleafe ourfelves) thatthe wits of former times were farre
moreacute and {ubtile than ours are. There are an infinite
number of obfervations of this kind which might make up
ajuft Volume. Wherefore it will not be amifletodiftin-
guifh Grammer Philofophicall,from meere and literary Gram-
mer and to fet it downe as DEriciEN r.Vnto Grammer allo
belongs the confideration ofall Accidents of words; fuch as
are Meafure ; Souud , Accent ; but thofe firftinfancies of fim-
ple Letters ( as,with whatPercuffion of the Tongue, with
what opening of the mouth, with what drawing of the
lips, with what ftraining of the throat; the found of every
Particular Letter is to be made) belongs not unto Grammer.
but is a Portion of the knowledge of founds,to be handled un-
. der (enfe and fenfibility . Grammatical found , whereof we
Ípeake, belongs only to {weetnefle & harfhneffe of founds;
of which fome ate common; for thereisno Tongue butin
. fome
OrLeaRNInG. Lis. VIL - 263
fome fort fhunnes the too much overture of concurrent
—Vowels,and the afj petities of concurrent Confonants. There
are other refpeétive founds which are pleafing , or un-
pleafing to the eare , according to the temper of diverfe —
Nations. The Greeke Tongue is full of Diphthonges; the
Latine is farre more {paring ; the Spanifh Tongue
hates f{mall-founding Letters 5 and prefently changeth
them into Letters ef a middle tone; the ‘Tongues deri-
ved from the Gothes delight in Afpirates ; there are innu-
merable of this nature's but perchance thefe are more than
enough.
Ti = Butthe meafure of words hath brought us forth an
immenfe body of Art , namely Poefe ;not in refpect of the
matter (of which we have fpoken before) but in refpe& of
ftile andthe forme of words; as Metre or Verfe ; touching
which the Art is very {mall aud briefe, but the acceffe of ex-
amples large and infinite. Neither ought that Art ( which
the Grammarians call*Profodia ) tobe only reftrain’d tothe
kinds and meafures of Verfe; for there are Precepts tobe
annext,what kind of Ver/e beft fitteth every matter or fub-
ject . The Ancients applied Heroicall Verfe to Hiffories and
Laudatories;Elegies to Lamentations ,Fambiques to Invectirer,
Lyriques to Songs and Hymnes. And this wifdomeof the An-
cients is not wanting in the Poets of later Ages in Mother-
tongues ; only this istobe reprehended , that fome of them
too ftudious of Antiquity have endevoured to draw mo-
|. derne Languages to Ancient Meafures ( as Heroique ; Ele-
giaquesSapbiquesand the reft) which the fabrique and com-
pofition of thofe Languages, will not beare; and with-
all is no leffe harfh unto the eare. In matters of this Na-
ture the judgment of fenfe is to be’ preferr'd before pre
cepts of Art , ashe faith,
(mne Fercula noftre MartEp. 9
Mallem (Convivis quam placuiffe Cocis.
Noristhis Art , but the abufe of Art feeing it doth not per-
fect , but perverts Nature. As for Poefie (whether we fpeake of
Fables
264.
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
Fables ,or Metre ) isis, aswe have faid before , 4s a Luxuriant
Herb brought forth without (eds and {brings up fromthe ftrength
and ranknelfe ofthe foyle . Wherefore it runs along every where,
«ndis [o amply [pread atit were a fuperfluom labourto be curi-
ous of any DEFICIENTS¢therein ; the care therefore for this is
takenalready.
§ As for Accents of Words , there is no need, that wee
fpeake of fo {mall a matter ; unleffe , perchance, fome may
think it worth the noting , that there hath bin exact ob-
fervation made of the Accents of Words, but not of the
Accents of Sentences ; yetthis , for moft part, is the generall
Cuftome of all men, that in the clofe of a Period they let
fall their voice, in a demand they raife it, and many {uch
like ufages.
§ As for writing , that is perform’deither by the vulgar
Alphabet,which is every where receiv'd ; or by a fecret and
private Alphabet, which men agree upon between them-
felves, which they call Cyphers. Butthe ‘Vulgar Orthography
hath brought forth unto usa Controverfie,and Queftion,
namely ,Whether words fhould be written as they are fpoken , or
rather after the ufuallmanner.Butthis kind of writing,which
{eemes to be reformed , which is, that writing /bould be confo-
nant to (peaking , isa branch of unprofitable fubtelties ; for
Pronunciation itfelfe every day encreafes and alters the fa-
fhion,and the derivation of words »efpecially from forrain
Languagesaare utterly defac'd and extinguifht.In briefe,fee- .
ing writing,according to the receiv'd Cuftome; doth noway
prejudice the manner of [peaking; to what end fhould this ins
novation be brought in?
§ Wherefore letw cometo Cyruars. Their kinds are ma-
ny ,as (_yphars fimple; (_yphars intermixt with Nulloes, ox non-
fignificant Characters ; (Cyphers of denble Letters under one
Character ; Wheele-Cyphars ; Kay-Cyphars ; (yphars of words;
Others . But the virtues of them whereby they are to be pre-
ferr'd are Three ; That they be ready, and not laboriousto write;
That they be fwresand lie not opento Deciphering; And laftly fit
be
2
- be pofsible , that they may be managed without fufpition. For if Let-
ters Mifsive fall into their hands , that have fome command
and authority over thofe that write; or over thofe to whom
they were written ; though the Cypher it felfe bee {ure and
impolsibleto be decypher'd, yet the matter 1s liableto examina-
tion and queílion ; unleffe the Gpher be fuch, as may be voide
ofall {ufpition,or may eludeall examination. | 4s for the fhift-
ing off examination, there is ready prepared a new and profita-
ble invention to this purpofe ; which, feeing it is eafily pro-
cured,to what end fhould we report it, as Deficient. The in-
vention is this : That you havetwo forts ot Alphabets , one
of true Letters, the other of Non-fignificants ; and that you like-
wile fould up two Letters ;one which may carrie the fecret ,
another {uch as is probable the Writer might fend, yet_wvith-
out perill. Now if the Meflenger be {trictly examined cón-
cerning the Cypher , let him prefent the Alphabet of Non-fignifi-
cants for true Letters , but the Alphabet of true Letters for Non-
fignificants : by this Art the examiner falling upon the exterior
Letter, and finding it probable, fhall fufpect nothing of their
terior Letter. But that jealoufies may betaken away, we will
annexe an other invention, which, in truth, we deviled in oux
youth , when we were at Paris : and. is a thing that yet fee-
meth to us not worthy to be loft. It containeth the highe/t dea
gree of Cypber, which is to fignifie omnia per omnia, yet 1o as the
Writing mfoldig , may bearea quintuple proportion to the
Writing mfolded ; no other condition or reftri&tion whatlo-
ever is er It fhall be performed thus : Firft let all the
Letters of the Alphabet, by tran{pofition,be refolved into two
Letters onely;for the tranfpofition of twoLetters by five place-
ings will be fufficient for 32. Differences , much more for 24.
which is the number of the Alphabet. The example of fuch
an Alphabet is on this wile. :
Li EA
: d
486 . Or THe ADVANCEMENT
An Example of a Bi-literarie Alphabet.
f d : s
os aaaab. sae Ai m
GR EET L
aabba dall. abaaa. abaab. opt :
E ess oo fbr orn Bye IG ae
ML an wer aua aN
pA) SENG VE TT oS
bbe Soult faba ERU EG
"Neither is ita fmall matter thefe Gypher-Charatters have,and
may performe : For by this 4rt a way is opened, whereby a
man may exprefTe and fignifie the intentions of his minde, at -
any diftance of place, by objects which may be prefented to
the eye, and accommodated to the eare : provided thofe ob-
jects be capable of a twofold difference onely ; as by Bells, by
Trumpets, by Lights and Torches, by the report of Muskets,
and any inftruments of like nature. But to purfue our enter-
prife, when you addreffe your felfe to write , refolve your ine
ward-infolded Letter into this Bi-literarie Alphabet. Say the in
teriour Letter be
F uge .
Example of Solution.
Moda. baabb, aabba. aabaa.
Together
Or Learnine. Lis. Vl.
167
Together with this,you mutt have ready at hand aBi-formed
Alphabet, which may reprelent all che Letters of che Common Al
phabet, as well Capitall Lecers as the Smaller Characters ina
double forme, as may fit every mans occafion.
An Example of a Bi-formed Alphabet.
CON or hea. QU VP; EPIS
{LG aa BEE C Cec Ia
ied sad aba. B absar hab
FE ce 576 Gg gh HE
2 Ee yen
a.bababahaS.aha$. aha.
Land Ooo LE pg. Q Quigg he
É. n o ul a. Te A Án f. a. É.
LM ais LH zs. P q 2-b.1LAL.
a. Á. 2h Z. É. Ps a hepa JA
m (fam. X. Doc p nA)
ie Now
, 168
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
Now to the interiour letter, which is Biliterate,you fhall fic
a biformed exteriour letter, which fhall anfwer the other,let- _
ter. for letter , and afterwards fet it downe. Let the exteriour
example be, |
Manere te volo, donec venero.
An Example of Accommodation.
a 2 al P 4 pur
Maners te volo dene Beneror
We have annext likewife a moze ample example of the cy-
pher of writing omnia per omnia : An interiour letter , which to
expreffe, we have made choice of a Spartan letter fent once in
a Sgtale or round cypher'd ftaffe.
"tit. Te 1105 exfricamn
vet in sailed ci: ae
An exteriour letter , taken out ofthe firft Epiftle of Cicero,
wherein a Spartan Letter is involved, "
Egg
Or Learnine. Lis. VI. 269
Poon offi C10, acpotins S pretats yi fz.
caszferis satisfacio omnibus: Niki Ipsenune
quam safisfacio : Sania est enn mai
(ado fuorum erga me meritorum,viaqueniz
ams, nist erfecta. 7e, ds: MENCTL congutes=
i; ego, quiamon idem intua cansa sffici,
vitam mili esse acerbam futem. Incan=
sa haec sunt: rrmnanine Regis gt
gei pecumia- nee-oppuonat: Resagitur 3
Set easdem crederes fer ues, crm fnadez
296, agelatur. Asgis causas i guisuni, |
ui telint, qui fau cLsuntomnes a f Longe:
Mim rem Lefervi 9/0. oni. Senatus eel
gionis calumniam, non religione sedn md=
Senolentia, et Mins Recrae fuites "T
anu idea comprobat: &c.
270
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
The knowledge of Cypbering hath drawne on with it a know-
ledge relative unto it, which is the knowledge of Difcyphering,
or of Difcreting Gphers, though a man were utterly ignorant
of the Alphabet of the Cypber;and the Capitulations of fecrecy
paft between the Parties. Certainly it is an Art which requires
great paines anda good witt and is (as the other was )confe-
crate to the Counfels of Princes : yet notwithftanding by di-
ligent previfion it may be made unprofitable , though , as
things are, it be of great ufe. For if good and faithfull Cyphers
were invented & practifed,many of them would delude and
foreftall all che Cunning of the Decypherer, which yet are very
apt and eafie to be read or written : but the rawneffe and un-
skilfulneffe of Secretaries, and Clarks in the Courts of Prins
ces, is fuch,that many times the greateft matters are Commit-
ted to futile and weake Cyphers. But it may be, that in the e
numeration,and,as it were taxation of Arts,fome may thinke
that we goe about to makea great Mufter-rowle of Sciences,
that the multiplication of them may be more admired; when
their number perchance may be dilplayed, but their forces in
fo fhort a Treatife can hardly be tried. But for our parts wee
doe faithfully purfue our purpofe , and in making this Globe
of Sciences, we would not omitt the leffer and remoter Ilands.
Neither have we (in our opinion ) touched theíe Arts per-
functorily though curforily ; but with a piercing ftile extract.
ed the marrow and pith of them out of a maffe of matter. The
judgement hereof we referre co thofe who are moft ableto
judge of thefe Arts. For feeing it is the fafhion of many who
would be thought to know much, that. every where making often-
tation of Words and outward termes of Arcs , they become a wonder to
the ignorant , but a derifion to thofe that are Maflers of thofe Arts :
Wwe hope that our Labours fhall baye a contrarie fucceffe , whichis,
that they may arrest the judgment of every one Who is beft vers'd
in every particular Art; and be undervalued by the refi. As
for thofe Arts which may feeme to bee of inferior ranke
and order , if any man thinke wee attribute too much
unto them ; Let him looke about him and hee fhall fee
that there bee many of fpeciall note and great ms in
their
OrLreaRzRNING. Lis. VI
their owne Countrie , who when they come to the chiefe
City or feat of the Eftate , are but of mean ranke and fcarcely
regarded : fo itis no marvaile if thefe fleighter Arts, placed by
the Principall and fupreme Sciences , fceme pettie things ; yet
to thofe that have chofen to {pend their labours and ftudies
in them , they feeme great and excellent matters. And thus
much of the Organ of Speech.
8155552533535 32 525055252552 522 5220 A20 2A A042
CAPTTE
1. The Doctrine touching the Method of Speechis afsicued a fub-
ftantiall and principall part of Traditive knowledge : [tis entitu-
led, The wifedome of Deliverie. 2. Thediverskindes of Me-
thods areenumerated their Profits and Difprofits are annexed.
3. The parts of Method two.
BON Et us now come tothe doctrine concerning the Method of
B EAE Speech: This hath bin handled as a part of Logick,
x9) fo it hath found a place in Rhetoricke by the name
of Difpofitim. But the placeing of it as apart of the Traine of
other 4rts, hath bin the caufe that many things which referre
unto it, and are ufefull to be knowne, are pretermifsd:
wherefore we thought good , to conftitute a /ub/tantiall and
principall Doétrine touching Method, which by a generall name
we call the wifedome of Tradition. ‘The kinds of Method , feeing
they are divers , we will rather reckon them up, then divide
them. But for oue onely Method, and continued Dichotomies we
neede net [beake much of them ; for it was a little (loude of knowledge
which was fom difperfed. Certainly a triviall invention and an infinite
prejudice to Sciences ; for thefe Dichotomifls when they would Wwreft
all things to the Lawes of their Method, and whatfoever doth not aptly
fall within thofe Dichotomies they would either omitt or bow
contrarie to thew natural inclimation ; they bring it fo to paffe,
that the Kernels and Graines of Sciences leape out, and they clafpe and
. inc lofe
271i
271 Or THe ADVANCEMENT
i $$$
inclofe onely the drie and emptie baskes : So this kinde of Method
brings forth fruitleffe Compends , deftroyes the fubflance of Sci+
ences.
If. Wherefore let the fit. difference of Method be fet
downe, to be either Magiftrall or Initiative : neither do wee
fo underftand the word. Initiative ,as if this fhould lay the
ground-worke , the other raife the perfect building of Scien
ces; but in a farre different fenfe , (borrowing the word
from facred Ceremonies ) wee call that Initiative Method,
which difclofeth and unvailes the Myfteries of Knowledges: -
For Magiflrall teacheth , Initiative infinuateth : Magiflrall requires
our belefe to what is delivered , but Initiative that it may
cRavitio rather be fubmitted to examination. The one delivers popular Sa-
LAMPADUS ences fat for Learners; the other Sciences as to the Sones of
THoDus — Science : In fumme , the one is referred to the ule of Sciences
ae ae they now are; the other to their continuation , and
further propagation. The latter of thefe , feemes to bee a
deferted and an inclofed path. For Knowledges are now
delivered , as if both Teacher and Scholler fought to lay
claime to errour, as upon contract. For hee that teacheth,
teacheth in fuch a manner as may beft bee beleeved , not as may
bee beft examined : and hee that learneth , defres rather pre-
fent. fatisfaétion , then to expett a juft and flayed enquirie ; and
rather not tadoubt , then not to erre : So as both the Mafler, out
of a defire of glorie, is watchfull , that hee betray not the weake-
neffe of bis knowledge ; and the Scholler , out of .an averfe dif-
pofition to labour , will not try his owne firength. But Know-
ledge, which is delivered as a thread to bee fpunne on,
ought to bee intimated (if it were pofsible) into the minde.of
another , in the fame method wherein it was at firft mvented.
And furely this may bee done in knowledge acquired by
Induétion : But in this fame anticipated and prevented
knowledge , which wee ufe , a man cannot eafily fay
by what courfe of ftudy hee came tothe knowledge hee
hath obtained. But yet certainly more or leffe aman may
revifite his owne Knowledge, and meafure over againethe
foots
OrLearNina.: Lis. VI.
meanes fo tranfplant Science into the mind of another, as it
grew in his owne. Forit is in Arts, asit is in Plants; ifyou
meane to ufe the Plant, itisno matter forthe Roots;but if
you would remove into another foyle , than it is more aflu-
red to reft upon roots than flips . So the Delivery of Know-
ledge,as it is now uled doth prefent unto w faire Bodies indeed
of Sciences but without the Roots;good, doubtleffe for the Car-
penter , but notfor the Planter. Bucif you will have Sciences
growsyou need not be fo follicitous for the Bodies; apply all
your care thatthe Roots may be taken up found , and entire,
with fome litle earth cleaving tothem. Of which kind of
Delivery,the Method of the Mathematiques in that fubje ct,
hath fome fhadow , but generally I fee it neither put in ure,
nor put in Inquifition;and therefore number it amongft De-
FICiENTS; and we will call it Traditionem Lampada, the De-
livery of the Lampe , or the Method bequeathed to the fonnes of
Sapience.
§ Another diver fity of Method followeth,in the intention
likethe former , but for moft part contrary in the iffue. In
this both thefe Methods agree , that they fepavate the vulgar
Auditors fromthe feleét; herethey differ, that the former in-
troduceth à more open way of Delivery than is ufuall ; the
other (of which we fhall now fpeake )a more referved & {e-
cret.Let therefore the diftin@ion of them be this, that the one
2 an Exotericall or revealed ; the other an Acroamaticall , or con-
cealed Method. For the fame differencethe Ancients fpecial-
ly obferved in publifhing Books, the fame we willtrans-
ferre to the manner it felfe of Delivery. So tbe Acroamatique
Method was in ufe with the Writers of former Ages, and
wilely,and with judgment applied, but that Acroantatique
and /Enigmatique kind of expreffion is difgraced in thefe
later times, by many who have made it as a dubious and
falfelight , for che vent of their counterfeit merchandice.
But the pretence thereof feemeth to be this 5 that by the in-
tricate envelopings of Delivery, the Prophane Vulgarmay
be removed from the fecrets of Sciences ; and they only ad-
Mm mitted,
173.
footfteps of his Knowledge ; and of his confent; andbythis —
274
Horat. de
Art. P.
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
mitted, which had either acquired the interpretation of Pa-
rables by Tradition from their Teachers ; orbythe fharp-
nefle and fubdety of their own wit could pierce the veilc.
§ Another diverfity of Method followes , of great confe-
quence to Sciences ,which is when Sciences are delivered by
way of Aphorifme , ox Methods.For it isa thing worthy to be
precifely noted , that it hath bin often taken into Cuftome,
that men out of a few Axiomes and Oblervations upon a-
ny Subjeétshave made a compleat and folemne Arr, filling
it with fome difcourfes of wit, illuftrating it with examples;
and knitting ittogither by {ome Method. But that other way
of Delivery by Aphorifmes, brings with it many advantages,
whereto Delivery by Method doth not approach. For firft ie
tries the Writer whether he be fuperficial or folid in know-
ledge. For Aphori/mes except they fhould be altogither ridi-
culous,cannotbe made but out of the pyth and heart of Sci-
ences; For Illuftration and Excuflion are cut off; variety of
examples is cut off; Deduction and Connexion are cut oft;
Defcription of Practice is cut off; fo there remaineth no-
thing to fill the Aphorifmes,but a good quantity of obferva-
tions. And thereforeno man can fuffice, nor in reafon will
attempt to write Aphori/mes, who is not copioutly furnifh't;
and folidly grounded, Butin Methods,
------Tantum [cries juncurag, pollet :
Tantum de mediofumpti accedit Honori.
As oftentimes they make a great fhew of (I know not
what )fingular Art; which if they were disjoynted , fepara-
ted,and laid open; would come to litle or nothing. Secondl
Metbodicall Delivery is more fit to win confent or beliefes
but leffe fit to point to A&ion ; for they carry afhew of De-
monStration in orbe or Circle, one part illuminating another;
and therefore doe more {atishe the underftanding’, but be-
ing that Actionsin common courfe of life are difperft,and
not orderly digefted, they doe beftagree with difperfed Di-
rections. Laftly Aphori/mes reprefenting certaine Portions
only , and as it were fragments of Sciences» inviteothers to
contribute,and addeifomeching whereas Methodicall Deli«
very
Or Learnine. Lis. VI.
275
very carrying fhew ofa totall & perfe& Knowledge forth-
with fecureth men asif they wereatthefurtheft.
$ An other diverfity of Method followes, which is
likewife of great waight , which is when Sciences are deli-
vered either by Affertions with their*Proofes annext ; or by
Que tions togither withtheir Determinations. The later kind
whereof if itbe immoderately followed, is as E Ra
to the progreflion of Sciences 5 as it is to the fortunes and
proceedings ofan Army» to goe about to befiege every lide
Fort or Hold. For if the field bekept , and the fumme ofthe
enterprize with diligence purfued,thofe fmaller places will
come in of themfelves. Yet this I cannot deny , that it is not
alway fafeto leave any great, and fortified towne at his
back. In like manner the we of Confutations in che Delivery of
Sciences ought to be very {paring , and to ferve only to re-
move and breake ftrong Preoccupations and Prejudgments
of mens minds, and not to excite and provoke fimaller
Doubts.
§ Another diverfity of Method followeth which is that
the Method be accommodated tothe purpofed matter which ds to
behandled. For there is a great difference in Delivery of the
Mathematiques,which are of knowledges the moft abftra-
&ed and moft fimple ; and the “Politiques which are the
moftimmerfed and compounded : Neither canan aniformi-
ty of Method ( as we have obferv’d already ). be firly forted
with multiformity of Matter ; and therefore as we have al-
lowed Particular Topiques for Invention ; fo we would like-
wife in fome mea(urehave Particular Methods for Tradition.
§ Another diverfity of Method followeth, with judgment
to be pra&is'd in the Delivery of Sciences ; and it is directed
according tothe light of Informations ,and antieipations, of the
Knowledge to be delivered , infufed , and impreffed im the
minds of the Learners . For that Knowledge which isnew
and forraine co mens minds , is to be delivered in an other
forme than chat which by long-receiv'd , and imbibed opi-
nions is naturalized and made familiar : And therefore Ari-
ftotle when hethinks to taxe Democritw doth in truth com-
| Mm2 mend
276
Ramus,
Or THE ApVANCEMENT
mend him,where he faith , Ifwe Shall indeed difpute , and not
follow after fimilitudes i2. Charging itas a defeét upon De-
mocritus that he was too copious in (omparifons . “But thofe
whofe conceits are feated in popular opinicns, have nothing elfeto
doe but to difpute and prove . Whereas on the contrary thofe
whofe conceits are beyond popular opinions, have a double labour,
SirStsthat what they produce may be conceiv d ; then, that they be
proved . Sothat itis of neceffity with them to have recourfe
to Similitudes and Tranflations , whereby they may infinuate
themfelves into mens capacities. Therefore we fee inthe
infancy of Learning, inrudetimes, when thofe Compre-
henfions which are now Vulgar and triviall, were then
new and unheard of,the world was full of Parables and Si-
militudes for otherwife men would have paffed over with-
out mark or due attention, or elfe rejected for Paradoxes,
that which was propounded. For it isa rule of Traditive
Art, That whatfoever Science is not confonant to Anticipations
or Pre[uppofitions , muft pray in ayd of Similitudes and (ompa-
rifons. And thus much of the diverfe forts of Methods,name-
ly füch as have not heretofore bin noted by others. As for
thofe other Methods, dnalytique,Sy(Patique; Dieritique; Cryp-
tiques Homericall, and the like, they have bin well invented
and diftributed ; nor doe we fee any caufe why wefhould
dwell upon them. h
lu But thefe are the kinds of Method, the Parts aretwosche
one of the Difpoftion of a whole worke , or of the Argument of
fome Book ; the other of the Limitation of Propofitions .. For
there belongs to Architecture not only the frame of the
whole Building, butlikewife the formeand figure of the
Columnes; Beames,and thelike; and Method is as it were the
Architefure of Sciences. And herein Ramu merited better
agreat deale in reviving thofe excellent Rules Ka3 ov wpo-
my, rams, x29 avn; than in obtruding one only Method and
Dichotomie. But it falls out, I know not by what fate, that of
humane things (according asthe Poets often faigne ) tbe moft pre-
cious have the most pernicious Kezpers . Certainly diligent en-
deavours about the ranke and file of Propofitions » caft him
upon
OFLEaRNING. Lis. VI.
277
upon thofe Epitomes and /ballowes of Sciences; for he had
need fet out in a lucky houre , andto goe on by the conduct
of a happy Genius , that attempts to make Axiomes of Scien-
ces Convertible ; and yet withall notmake them Circular, or
returning into chemlelvesinotwitftanding we deny not,but
that Ramus intention inthis kind was profitable. There re-
maines yettwo Limitations of Propofitions , befides thatthey
may be made (7. onvertible ; the one touching the Extenfion;
the other touching the Production of them. Surely Know-
ledgeshave, ifa man marke it well two other dimenfions
befides Profunditie ; namely Latitude and Longitude. For
Profunditie is referr’d tothe Truth and Reality of them;and
theíe make them folid. As for the othertwo, Latitude may
be taken and reckoned of Science into Science; Longitude
may be accepted and underftood from the higeft generall
Propofition,to the loweft particular inthe {amefcience. The
one comprehends the bounds and true limits of Sciences,
that Propofitions may be properly, not promifcuoully han-
dled;and thatail Repetition ; Excurfion, & Confufion may
be avoided-the other gives rule how farre; and to what de-
gree of Particularitie,Propofitions of {ciences may be dedu-
ced. Certainly there is no doubt but fomewhat mutt be left
to ufe and Practice ; for we ought to avoid the precife error
of Antoninus Pius that we be riot (wmini (eétores in Scientijs,
Mincers of Commin in [ciences;nor that we multiply divifions
to the loweft Particularity. Wherefore how wefhould mo-
derate our felves inthis point, is well worth the inquiry.
For we {ee too remote Generalities unleffe they be drawne
downe, doe litle informe, nay rather expofe Knowledge to
the{corne of Pra&ticall men ; and are no more aydingto
Practice, than an Ortelius Vniver[all Mappe isto dire& the
way between Loudon and York . Surely the better fort of
Rules have not unfitly bin compared to Glaffes of fteele,
wherem you may fee the Images of things; but firft they
mutt be filed and burnifht: fo Rulesand Precepts doe chen
help, after they have bin laboured and polifhtby Practice;
butifthofe Rules may be made eleere and Chryitalline a-
Mmj fore-
Dion. in
Anton, P.
€———— NEED
- 278
Lulljus.
E xod.7:
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
fore-hand; it would be the more excellent; becaufe they
would leffe ftandin need of diligence, labour,and exercite
after. And thus much of the Knowledge of Method, which we
havenamed the IVé/dome of Delivery. Nor can we here pre-
termit that many more vain-glorious » than learned have la-
boured about a Method , which is not worthy the name of ©
alawfull Method , fceing itis rather a Method of Imposture;
which yet to fome vaporous , and vain-boafting natures,
without doubt hath bin moft acceptible. This Method doth
fofprinkle drops of any Knowledge, that any halfe-learned
Clark may with a litle fuperficiary Knowledge make a glo-
rious fhew. Such was the Art of Lullius; fuch the Typocof-
mie drawne by many ; which were nothing elfe but a heap
and maffe of words ofallArts, to give men countenance;
that thofe which have thetermes of Art, might be thought
to underftandthe Arts themfelves. Which kind of Collecti-
ensare like a Frippers or Brokers fhop, that hath ends of e-
very thing, but nothing of worth.
bk bebe PP PPP REP HR PP PPRPHPRERHPRPREIPP
CAP. I.
I The Grounds and Duty of Rhetorique. 11. Three Appendices of
Rhetoriqnewhich appertaine only tothe Preparatorie Part. The (0-
lours of Goodand Evik,as well imple as Compared. YYY. The An-
titheta of things. Iv. Lefer Stiles, or u[uall Formes of Speech.
Say Flluftrationof Speech; itis that which is called Rhe-
SQVINE torique , or Art of Eloquence ; a Science certainly
both excellent in it felfe , and by Authors excellently wellla-
boured. But Eloquencesif a man value things truly,is without
doubt inferior to Wifdome . For wefee how: farre this leaves
that behind, inthofe words of God to Mofess whemhe difas
bled himfelfefor that fervice impofed uponhim,for want|of
this Facultie, There is Aaron he fhall be thy Speakersthou fhalt be
to bin as God.Y ct in profit and popular eflimejWi[dome i
| place
Or Learnina.. Lis. VI. 276
place to Eloquence for fo Salomon Sapiens corde appellatur s cn
prudens;fed dulcis eloquio majora veperiet fignifying not obfcure-
ly that profoundne[Je of Wifdome will help a man tofame C»adini-
ration;but that itis Eloquence which prevailes in bufine[]e and an
aétive Life. Andasto the labouring and culture of this Art,
the Emulation of Arifotle with the Rhetortcians of his time,
and the earneft and vehement diligence of Cicero, labouring
with all might to raife & enoble that 477 5 joyned with long
Experienceshath made them in their Books written of this
Art to exceed themíelves. Againe,the excellent examples of
Eloquence inthe Orations of DemoSibenes, and Cicero, added
to the fubtlety and diligence of Precepts, have doubled the
Progre(fion in this 4rt. Whereforethe Derictents which
we find in this Art, will be rather in fome Collections,
which may as Hand-maids attend the Art than in the Rules
and the ufe of the Ar: it/elfe’. For even then when we made
mention of a Prompiuarie Knowledge in Logique , we enga-
ged our felves by Promife,to exhibite examples ar large
thereof in Rhetorique. |
1 Notwith(tanding that we may ftirre tip and fübdüe the
earth a litle about the Roots of this Science , a8 otit manner
isto doe inthe ref; furely Rhetorique is /isb-|ervient to the F-
magination,as Logiqueis vo the Vnder{tanding. And the office
and duty of Rhetorique (if aman well weigh the matter)
is no other,then zo apply and commend the Dittates of Reafon
tothe Fmagination, for the better moveing of the appetite and will.
For we fee the goverment of Reafon is difquietedsand af-
failed three waies, either by I//aqueation of Sopbifmes which
pertaines to Logigues or by the deceits of words, which per-
taines to Rhetorique; or by the violence of Paffions, which
pertaines to Morality, Andasin negociation with others,
a man may be wrought and overcome either by canning, or
by Importumity , or by vebemency fo inthat inward negocia-
tion which we praétfe within our felves, either we aré un-
dermined by the Fallacies of Arguments; or follicited and
difquieted by the affidgity of impreffions and obfzrvations; ox
Íhaken and tranfporced by the afJault of affections &? Paffions.
But
/
280 Or THE ADVANCEMENT
But yet the ftate of mans nature is not fo unfortunate, as
thatthofe “Powers and Arts fhould have force to difturbe
Reafon; and notto eftablifh and advance it; nay rather much
more doethey conduce tothis effect, than to the. contrary.
For the end of Logique, is to teach a forme of Arguments; to
fecure Reafonandnottoentrap it; fo the end of Morality is
to compofe the Affections, that they may fight for Reafon;
and not that they may invade it; the end likewife of Rheto-
rique, isto fill the fmagination with obfervations and refem-
blances, which may fecond Reafon, and not oppreffe and
betray it; for thefe abufes of Arts come in but .ex oblique for.
prevention; not for practife. And therefore it was great in-
InGorg. jufticein Plato (though fpringing out of a juft hatred to the
Rhetoricians of his time) to place Rhetorique amongft Arts
voluptuary, refembling itto (ookery, that did marre: whol-
Íome meats; and help unwholfome by the abufe of variety
of fawces and feafonings, to the pleafure of thetaft. But be
it farreaway thatípeech fhould not be much more conver-
fant inadorning that which is faire and honeflsthan in co-
louringthat which is foule and evil; for this is every where
at hand; and there is no man but (peaks more honeftly than
he can doe orthink. Indeed it was excellently noted by Zba-
cydides, that fome fuch thing as this, ufed tobe objected. to
Cleon, that becaufe he ufed to hold the bad fide in caufes he
pleaded, therefore he was ever inveighing againft Eloquence,
and good fpeech, for he knew no man could {peak faire of
things fordid and bafe, but in things honeft it was an eafy
In Menon. Matter to be eloquent. Plato faith elegantly (though the
faying be now popular) That virtne if fhe could be feenewould
move great love and affection: but Rhetorique paints out vir-
tue and goodneffe to the life, and makes them in a fort con-
Ípicuous.For feeing they can not be fhewed to. fenfe in cor-
porall fhape, the next degree is bythe faire attire of words;
to fhew them to the Imagination, fo farreas may be ina
lively reprefentation: for the cuftome of the Stoiques was
Le Q- defervedly derided by Cicero»who labour'dto thruft virtue
|»... uponmen, by concife and fharpe fentences and conclufions,
which
Or Learnine. Lis. VI. 209
which haveno fympathy with the Imagination and will.
Againe if the Affe ions themfelves were brought into or-
der, and fo reclainrd from exorbitant courfes, asto be pliant
and obedient to a , itwere true, there fhould be no
great ule of Perfwations and infinuations, which might
give acceffe to the mind; but it would be enough if things
were nakedly and fimply propofed and proved: but on the
contrary, the Affections make fuch revolts, and raife up fuch
mutinies and feditions (according to chat
---- video meliora Proboque Ovid, Met.
Deteriora fequor ) ---- u
That Reafón would be forcibly led away into fervitude and
captivity, ifthe perfwafion of Eloquence did not practife,and
winne the Imagination from the Affections part, and con-
tracta league between Reafonand Imagination againft Affe-
Gions. For itmuft be noted that the Afeétions themfelves
are ever carried to a good Apparent, and, in this refpect,
have fomewhat common with Reafon: but herein they dif-
fer; that the affettions bebold Principally Good in Prefent, Rea-
fon beholds a farre off eventhat which is futures and in fumme;
And therefore feeing things in prefent fight doe more
ftrongly fill the Imagination, Reafon commonly yeelds and
isvanquifht: but after that by Eloquence and the force of
Perfwafion, things future and remote are propofed, and be-
held;as ifthey were actually prefent; then upon the falling
off of the Jmagination to take part with Reafin, Reafon pre-
vailes Let w conclude therefore, that Rhetorique,can no
more be charged with the colouring and adorning of the
worfe part, than Logique , withthe fetting out and {uborn-
ing of Sophifmes: for who knowes notthatthedoétrine of
contraries are the fame though they be oppofite inule. A-
gaine, Logique differs from "(beterique;not only inthis; that — —
the one (ascommonlyis faid) islike the Fiff, the other like (€
the Palme ;thacis, one handleth things clofely, che other at
large: but much more in this, that Logique confidereth Rea-
fon inits Naturalls; Rhetorique, as itis planted in vulgar o-
pinion. Therefore Ariftotle doth wifely place Rhetorique
Na between
210 Or THEADVANCEMENT
between Logique onthe one fide, and Eshique with Civile
Knowledgesonthe other:as participating of both, For the
Proofesand Demonftrations of Logique,are to all men in-
different and the (ame; but the Proofes and perfuations of
Rhetorique, muftbe varied according tothe Auditors; that a
man, like a skilfull Mufitian accommodating himfelfe to
different eares, may become ---- x
de Orpheus in [ylvissinter Delphinas Arion, Which Applica-
es tion and variation of [eec (if a man defire indeed the Perfe-
MONIS <tionand height thereof) ought to be fo farre extended, that
PRIVATI jf the fame things fhould be fpokento [zverall perfons , he fhould
fpeak tothem all refpectively, and (zverall waies. Though itis
certain thatthe greateft Orators many times may want this
Politique and Aétive Part of Eloquence in private [Peech;
whileft by theobferving thegrace,and Elegant formes of
Exprefsion; they loofe that voluble application, & characters of
fpeechs which in ditcretionthey fhould have ufed towards
particular períons. Surely it will not be amifle to recom-
mend this whereof we now Ípeak,to a new Inquiry, and to
callicby name Tue Wispome Or Private Speecn,
and to referre it to Deficients, athing certainly. which the
more ferioufly a man {hall thinkon, the more highly be
fhall valew; and whether this kind of Prudence fhould be
placed between R/erorique and the Politiquessis a matter of
no great confequence.
§ Now let us defcend to the Deficients in this Art,
which (as we have faid before) are of fuch nature as may
by eftimed rather Appendices than Portions of the Art it felfe;
and pertaine all tothe Promptuary part of Rhetorique.
Hl. Firft we doe notfind that any man hath well pur-
COLO. fued or fupplied the Wifdome and the diligencealío of Ari-
ae fictle: for he began to makea collection of the Popular fignes
MALI. — and (Colours of Good and Evillin appearance, both (imple and
inTop. comparative, which aresindeed, the Sophifmes of Rhetorique:
they are of excellent ufe, {pecially referred to bufinefle, and
the wifdome of Private fpeech. But the labours of AriStorle
concerning thefe Colours,isthree waies Defective ; se
that
Or LEARNING. Lis. Vi au
that there being manyshe recites very few. Secondly becaufe
their Elenches ox Reprebenfions are notannext. Thirdly chat
he conceiv’d but in partthe ule of them, for their ule is not
more for Probatios, then for imprefsion and raifeing the
affections. For many Formes of [peaking are equall in figni-
fication, which are. different in impre[siom: for that which is
fharp pierceth more forciblysthan that which is flac,chough
the ftrength of the percufsion be the {ame-Surely there is no
man but will bealitle more raifed by hearing it faid, Your
enimies will triumph in this |
Hoc Fthacus velit 49 magno mercentar Airida, Virg. n;
Then ifit fhould be merely thus rendred, This will be to yom **
difadvantage, wherefore the /harpe-edged, and quick-pointed
Speeches are not to be defpifed. And being we report this
pattas Dericient,we will according to our cuftome con-
firme it by exampies, for precepts have nor, (ufficiently illu-
flrated the Point.
EXAMPLES OF THE COLOURS OF
GOOD AND EVILL; BOTH SIMPLE
VEND COMPARATIVE,
The Cotowr:
1 What men Praife and Celebrates is Good; what they
Difprai{e, and Reprebendis Evill.
THE REPREHENSION.
His Colour deceives foure waiess either through Tgno-
rance, or through Fraude, or out of Partialities and Fa-
éon; oroutofthe saturall difpofition of {uch as *Praife or
Difpraife. Out of 7guorance; for whats the judgement of
the common People to the triall and definitionof Good and
vill? Phocion difcern’d better, who when the People gave plat, in
him an unufuall applaufe, demanded v/eiber he had not per- vita.
ebance fone way or other done amif[e2Qut of Fraude & citcum-
ventive cunning; for Praifers and Difpraifers many times
Nn 2 doe
212
2. Epl
Prov. 20,
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
came NS Sa eT Ee eR irit
doe but aime at their own ends, and doe not think all they
Horat.lib.
fay Laudat veualeis qui yult extrudere merces,
So, It is naughty it is naught [aitb the Buyer, and when be is gone
be vaunteth.---- Through Faétions; for itis plaine that men
are wont to extoll their own fide, beyond the modeft
bounds of defert; but to depreffe thofe of the contrary part
below their demerit . Through an inbred difpofition, for ome
men are by nature made and moulded to fervile Flattery, o-
thers onthe other fide are by nature Sower and Cenforious;
fo as in their commendations, or vituperations they are only
indulgent to their own humors, litle or nothing follicitous
of truth.
THE COLOVR.
à What drawes Commendation even from an enimy,is a great
Good, What moves Reprebenfion even from a Friend, is a
Great Evill.
The Colour feemsto be built upon this foundation; that
whatfoever we {peak againftour will, and contrary to the
affection and propenfion of our own mind, it is eafily be-
leeved, that the force of truth wrefted the fame from us.
THE REPREHENSION.
His Colour deceivesthrough the Art and Subtilty both of
Enimies and Friends: for Enimies doe fometimes af-
cribe Praifes, not unwillingly, nor as urgd from the force
of truth: butyet felecting {uch points of Praifz, as may cre-
ate envy and dangerto their Enimies. wherefore a fuper-
Atitious conceit went currant amongft the Grecians as they
believed, that be who was praifed by another malicioufly, and to
his hurt, [bould bave a pufb rife upon bis nofe. Againe it deceives,
becaufe enimies fometimes attribute Praifes, as certain
briefe prefaces, that fo they may more freely and fpitefully
traduce afterwards. Onthe other fide this Colour deceives
through the flight and cunning of friends} for their cuftome
is fometimes to acknowledgeand lay open the —
o
Or Learnine. Lis VI.
— of their Friends, not out ofa tender conícieacé from the im-
prefsion of truth, but making choice of füch imperfe&ions,
as may leaft prejudice the reputation; or provokethe indig-
nation of their friends; as if in all other points they were ex-
cellent men. Againe it deceives, becaufe friends ule their
Reprehenfions (as we have obferved enimies doe their
praifes) as certain fhort introductions, that they may expa-
tiaté more amply in their commendations afterwards.
THE COLOVR.
3 Whofe Privation is Good; that fame is Eyill. Whofe *Pri-
‘vation is Evil], that (ame is Good.
THE REP REHENSION.
"THis Colour deceives two waies, either by realon of the
Comparifou of Good and Evill; or by reafon of the Suecef-
fien of Good to Goods or of Evill co Evill: By reafon of Com-
pari(on, if it were Good for man kind to be deprived of the
eating of Acernes; it followes not that fuch food was Evil,
but that Malt was Good; Corne Better; Neither if it were
. Evillfor the ftate of Sicilie tobe deprived of Dionyfius the
Elder; doth it follow that the fame Déonyfiu was a Good
Prince;butthat he was /effe evill than Dionyfius the younger.
By realon of Succeffion; forthe Privation of {ome Good, doth
not alwaies give place to Evill;but fometimes to a Greater
Good; as when the Flower falleth, fruit fucceedeth. Nor. doth
the Privation of (ome Evill alwaies yeeld place to Good, but
fometimes to a greater Evill; for Clodiw an enimy being ta-
_ kenaway, Milo withall forfeited a faire harveft of Glory.
THE COLOVR.
4 That which drawes neere to Good or Evill, the {ame ts like-
wife Good or €yill: But that which remoy d from Good it E-
vill; from Evill, is Good.
Such commonly isthe internall condition of things, that
things of like quality and confenting in nature, confent
Nn 3 like.
213
214
Mat. 9.
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
Ur id Aelia tia i deco ss a RE
likewife in places and areasit were quarteredtogether, but
fuch things as are contrary and diftant in nature, are alfo fe-
vered and disjoyned in place; in regard that all things defire
to approach things fymbolizing with them; to exterminate
and chafe away their contranes.
THE REPREHENSION.
Bu the Colour deceives three waies; Firft in refpec& of
Deftitution; Secondly in refpect of Obfcurasion; Third-
ly in refpea of Protection. In regard of Deftitution, it comes
topaffe that thofe things, whichin their kind are moftam-
ple and doe moft excell, doe (as much as may be) ingroffe.
all to themfelves; and leave that which is nextthem defti-
tuteand pined; wherefore you fhall never finde thriving.
Íhootes or under-wood neere great fpread Trees: fo he faid
wel |^ —— Divitis fervi maxim fervi; --- and the di-
rifion was pleafant of him that compared the lower train
of Attendants in the Courts of Princes, to Pafting-daies
which were next to Holy-daies, but otherwaies were the
leaneft daiesin allthe week. In regard of Obfcuration for
this is the quality of things in their nature excellent and pre-
dominant,that though they doe not extenuate and impove-
rifh the fubftance of things adjoyning to them, yet they dar-
ken and'fhadow them: And thisthe Aftronomers obferve
ofthe Sunne that it is good by afpect, but evillby conjun&i-
on and approximation. Inregard of Proteé#ion ; forchings
approach and congregate notonly for confort and. fimili-
tude of nature;but even that which is evill (efpecially in Ci-
vile matters). approacheth to good for concealment and
Protection; (o wicked perfons betake themfelves to the fan-
&uary of the Gods, and vice it felfe affumes the fhape and
fhadow of virtue. |
Sape latet vitium proximitate boui,
So onthe other fide Good drawes neere to Evil/, not for fo-
ciety but for converfionand reformation of itinto Goodjand
therefore Phyfitians are more converfant with the fick
than the found; and it was objected to our Saviour that he
converfed with Publicans and frners. Tus
Or Learninc. Lis. VI | 245
THE COLOVR.
s That fide to which all other Parties and Seéts unanimoufly
- conferre fecond voices after every Particular hath afferted a
Primacy toitfelfe, feems to be juftly preferr'd before the rest:
for every [ek may be prefum d to ufurpe the first placejout of
Paffion and Partiality, but to yeeld the [econd Place, out of
truth and merit.
So Cicero went about to prove the Sect of Academiques,
which {ufpended all affeveration for to be the beft of all
Philofophies; for (faith he) aske a Stoique which fet. is better C...
then other, be will preferre his own before the reft: Then aske QA.
bim which approacheth next in dignityshe will confe[[e tbe. Acade-
mique» [o deale with an Epicure that will [cam endure the Stoique
to be in fight of bim, fo foone as be hath placed bim[elfe in the
chiefe roome, he will placethe Academique next him, So ifa
place were void and aPrince fhould examine competitors
leverally, whom next themfelves they would {pecially
commend, it were like that the moft fecond voices would
concurre upon the ableft man.
THE REPREHENSION,
TF fallax of this Colowr is in refpectof Envy: for men
are accuftomed after themfelves,and their own faction,
toincline andbend untothem gue of allthe reft are the
fofteft and weakeft, and are leaft i in their way in deípight
and derogation of thi who have moft infulted over them,
and have held them hardeftto it.
THE COLOVR.
ys That whofe excellencysand fupereminency is betters the
fame is every way better.
Appertaining tothis aretheufuall formes; Let us not wan-
der in generalities, Let us compare Particular with Particular .
THE
216
sEfop.
Or Tue ADvANCEMENT
THE REPREHENSION.
His Apparence {eems to be of ftrength; and rather Logi-
call,than Rhetoricall: yet is it very often'a fallax. Firft be-
caufe many things are cafual , which if they efcape, prove
excellent; o that in kind they are inferior, becaufe they are
fo fubjeétto peril , and to perifh before they come to per-
fection; but inthe Fudividuall more noble. Of this foit is
the Bloffome of March, whereof the French Proverb goes:
Burgeon de Mars , Enfans de Paris,
Si un efchappe bien vaut dix.
~ Sothatthe Bloffome of May generally is better than the Blof
{ome of March, and yet in particular the beft Blofome of March
is better than the beft Bloffome of May. Secondlyit deceives,
becaufe the nature of things in fome Kindssor fpecies, is tobe
more equall, infomekinds more inequall: as it hath bin ob-
ferved that warmer climates produce generally more acute
Wits; but in Northerne climates the wits of chief fur-
paffe the acuteft wits of hotter Regions.So in many Armies
ifthe matter fhould be tried by duell between particular
champions fingled cut, perchance the victory fhould goe
on the one fide; if it be tried by the groffe,it would goe on
the other fide : for excellenciesand eminencies goesas it were,
by chances but kinds are governed by nature and Art. So
likewife generally mettall is more precious than ftone; and
yet a Diamond is mote preciousthan Gold.
THE COLOVR.
7 That which keeps tbe matter entire in our own bands, is Good,
that which leaves no pa[Jage openfor retrait,is Exil; for not
to be ableto come off is a kind of impotency, but the Power of
difengaging our felves ts good.
Hereof £/op framed the Fable of thetwo Froggs. that
confulted rogither in the time of Drouth (when many pla-
thes they had repaired to were drie )whatwas now atlaft to
be done: the firft (aid let us goe downe into a deep well, for itis
BOF
Os LEARNING: | Lis? VI.
not like the water would failetbere;to whom the other replied,
yeajbut if'it. doe failesbow fballwe get up againe? The ground of
this colour is, that humane actions are fo uncertaine and ex-
pofed toperills, as that feemeth to be the beft courfe, which
bath moft paJages out of it. Appertaining tothis perfwafion
the Formes axe; you /hall wholly engage and oblige your felfe,
non tantum quantum voles [umes ex fortuna, you [ball not be your
own carvery nor keep the matter in your own hands à c.
THE REPREHENSION. —
‘He Fallas of this Colour is firft, becaufe in humane
A@ions fortuneurgeth us at lengthto decree, and to re-
folye upon fomewhat: for as he faith elegantly s to refolves
ti to refolve; fo that many times a fufpenfion ofa finall deci-
fion engageth and implicates usin more necefsities, than if
we had determin'd of fomewhat. And this difeafe of the
mind is like that of covetous men tranflated from the defire
of retaining wealth; tothe defire of retaining Free will and
Power: for the Covetous man willenjoy nothing, leaft he
fhould fubftra& from the totall; and this kinde of Sceptique
will execute nothing, thatall things may be entire and indif-
ferent to him. Secondly it deceives becaufe necefsity, and
this fame jaéta eff alea; awakens the powers of the Mind;
and puts the{purres to any enterprife;as he faith, (Careris pa-
res, necefvitate certe fupeviores eftis.
THE COLOVR.
8. What a man hath cemvacted through bis own Default, is &
greater Evill; what is impofzdfrom without, is a. le[[e Evill.
The reaíon hereof, is, becanfe tbe fting and vemor(e of
the Mind accufing it (elfe , doubles all adverfity; contrari-
wife the recording inwardly that a man ts cleere and free
from fault » and juft imputation, doth much attemper -out-
ward calamities. Wherefore the Poets doe exceedingly ag-
gravate thofe pafsionate Lamentations, as fore-runners to
defperation; when a man accufeth and tortures himfelfe.
Oo $e
A
289.
218.
Virgin.
xa.
Virg. Buc.
Demoft.
orat.
Epictet.
Cap,10.
y Or THe ADVANCENENT
9 Secaufam clamat, crimeng, capurg, malorum,
Contrariwile the confcience of Innocence and good deferving,
doth mollify:and: mitigate the. calamities of worthy per-
fons.- Befides when the. evill comes ftom without caft up-
ous by others, a mambath whereof he may juftly and
freely complaine, whereby: his grickes may evaporate and:
not ftifle the heart: for what comes from theinjuries of
men, We are wont totake indignation at; and to. meditate.
revenge;or elfeto implore, or expeat that the divine Neme-
fis,and Retribution, may take hold on the Authors of our
hurt; or if ic be infliGted from Fortune, yecthere is left a kind
of expoftulation againft the Divine Powers,
Atá, Deos atá, AStrayocat Crudelia Mater:
But on the other fide where the evill is derived froma mans
own fault, there the: griefe ftrikes inward, and does more
decpely wound and piercethe heart. |
, THE. REPREHENSION. |
He F allax of this (Colour is, firftinrefped of Hope, which
is a great Antidote agaiufb Evills:for the rcformation of a
fault is many times in our own power, but the amendment
of fortune is not. Wherefore in many of his Orations De-
mofthenes faith thus to the People -of Athens: That which
having regard tothetime pa[His the worft point and Circumflance
of all the ref], that as tothe timeto come, is the beft: what is thata
Even this, that by your floth, irrefolution, and mifgoverment,
your affaires are grown to this declination and Decay; for bad you
ufed aud ordered your means and forcestothe beft,and done your
parts every way tothe full, and notwith{tanding your matters
(hould have gone backward inthis point as they does there bad bin
no hope lefi of recovery or reputaton for hereafter; but fince it
hath bin‘only by ‘your own errors chicflys you may have good affu-
rance,that thofe errors amended, you may againe recover the hox
nour of your former ftate» So Epifetus {peaking of the Des,
grecs of the Franquilliey of minds faith the worst fate of man
isto accufe externethings. Better then that to accufe a mans [elfe;
and beft of alltoaceufe neither. Secondly chis colour deceives
in
Or Learnine. Lis. Vl. ""
in refpect of that pride which isimplanted in the minds of
men, whereby they are with much adoe induced toan ac-
knowledgement of their own perfonall errors; butthatthey
may fhift off this acknowledgement, they can fuffer with
farre greater patience fuch evills, as they have by their own
overfights drawn upon themfelves. For as we fee it comes
to paffe that whena fault is committed; and it is not yet
known whois the delinquent,smen make much adoe; grow
hot and impatient above meafure upon the matter: but af-
ter, ifit appeare to be done by a fonne; or by a wife, er by a
neere friend, then it is light made of , and prefently all is
guiet: fo is it when any thing falls out ill, the blame where-
of muft needs lightupon our felves: And this is common-
ly fcen to cometo pafle in women; whoif they have done
any thing unfortunately againft their Parents or friends
confents,whatill foever beide them upon it, yet you fhail
fee them feldome complaine; but fet a good face on it.
THE COLOVR.
9 The Degree of Privation feems greater thanthe Degrte of —
— Diminution; and againe,the Degree of Inception, (eems grea-
ter thanthe Degree of fnereafe;
It is a pofition in the Mathematiques, that there is no pro-
portion between fomewhat and nothing: therefore the Degrees of
Nullity and Quiddity, feeme larger than the Degrees of Inereafa
and Decrecfe.. AstoaMonoculus,it is more to loofe one eye,
thantoa manthat hath two eyes: fo if one have diverfe
children, itis more griefe to him to loofe the laft furviving
fonne,than all the reft. And therefore Sibylla when fhe had
burnt her two firft Books, doubled the prife ofthe Third, be- Acai,
caufethe loffe of chat had bin gradus privationitsand not Di- No.Ac.
minutionts. }
THE REPREHENSION.
He Fallax of chis (Colour is reprehended ; firff in thofe
~ things, the ufe and fervice whereof refteth in fufficiency or
O02 compe-
220 Or THE ADVANCEMENT
competency, that is in.a determinate Quantity. As ifa man be
bound upon penalty to pay a fumme of mony at an appoin-
ted day, it would be more to him to want one Noble, than
if, (fuppofing he could not tell where to be furnifhe with
this one Noble) ten Nobles more were wanting. So in the
decay of a mans eftate, the degree of Debt which firft
breaks the ftock,and cafts him behind,feems agreater dam:
mage,then the laft Degree, when he proves nothing worth.
Heioi- And hereof the common Formes are Sera in fundo Parfimo-
nia: and as good never a whit as never the better,7c. Secondly
this Colour deceivesin re(pe&k of that Principle in Natures (Cor.
dum e a, (Uptiounins, Generatio alterius: {o thatthe degree of ultimate
C Privation, detbmany times leffe di[ad vant age, becaufe it gives
thecaufe, and [zts thewits aworketo fome new courfe. Which ia
Orat, r, in the caufe that DemoSthenes often complaines before the peo-
Philip, —_ ple of Athens, That the conditions impofed by Philip, and ag-
cepted by them, being neither profitable nor honorable, were but
aliments of their floath and weakne[Jes that it were much better
they were taken away; for by this means their induftries might be
awaked to find out better remedies and Stronger refolutions. We
knew a Phyfitian was wontto fay pleafantly and yet (harp-
ly to delicate Dames , when they complained they were
they could not tell how; but yet they could not endure to
take any Phyfique, he would sell them, your only way ts to be
fick indeed, for then yon will be glad totake any medicine. So
further,this Degree of Privation, or of the higheft period of
want, ferveth not only to ftirre up induftry,but alfo to com-
mand patience. As for the Second branch of this Colour, it
depends upon the fame reafon, which is the degrees of
Quiddity and Nullity , hence grew the common Place of ex-
tolling the begining of every thing.
Dimidium fatti qui bene cepit babet.
This madethe Aftrologers fo idle as to make a judgement
upona mans nature and Defliny, from the moment ar point
of conftellation in his Nativityor Conception.
TRE
OrLreaRaNING. Lis. Vi.
"7 is Colour firsb decerves becau[? in many things tbe fir[l in-
^. ceptions are nothing elfe than what Epicurus termes them in
hisPhilofophysT ENT AMEND A, that is imperfect Offers, and
Effies, which vanifh and come t0°%0 [ubftance without iteration
and improvement. Wherefore inthis cafe the fecond degree
feems the worthier,and more potent than the Fir/Z: asthe
Body-horfe in the Cart that, drawes more than the formoft.
Andit is a common faying,and not without good fenfe,
The (econd blow is that which makes the fray: for the firft, ic
maybe, would have vanifht without farther harme: and
therefore Prius Malo *Principium dedit, [ed pofterius modum
abftulit. Secondly this colour deseiyes in vefpett of the dignity
of Perfeverance, which confifts in the Progreion and not in the
Agerefsion. For chance,or inftin& of Nature, may caule in-
ception; but fetled affection and judgement makes the con-
tinuance. Thirdly, this Colour decerves in [uch things which
have a natural courfe and inclination contrary to an Inception,
fotbat the fer] Taception is perpetually evacuated unleffe tbe force
and faculty be continued. As in thofe common formes it is
faid Ner progredi eft Regredi-and Qui non proficit deficit, as
in running againft the hill; Rowing againft the ftreame; for
ifit be with the Hill or withthe Streame, then the degree of
Inception is more than all the reft. Againe this Colour is
not only extended to the Degree of Inception , which is from
Power to A& compar dwiththe Degree, which is from AB toin-
trement; but alfo is to be underftood of tbe degree which is from
Jmpotency to power compared with the Degree which is from power
to Ad: for the Degree from Impotency to Potency, [ems grea-
ter ,than from Power to Aét. ;
THE COLOVR.
Io That whichis referred to Trutb, is more than that which is
referred to opinion. The manner and Proofe of that which
pertaines to Opinion, is this; that a man would never have
done tt, if he thought it fhould be fepulchredin fecrecy and ob-
livion.
O o 3 $e
294
—
Horat,
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
tue, that ic is like the Felicity of a Player, who if he were left
of his Auditors, and their applaufe, he would ftraight be
out of heart and countenance; therefore they call virtue out
ofa fpitefull emulation Bonwm Theatrale. But it is otherwife
of Riches whereof the Poet faith Wu
--- Populut me fibilat: at mibi plaudo.
Likewife of Pleafure, |
: ~-<-- Grata fab imo -
Gaudia Corde premens, vultu fimulante pudorem.
THE REPREHENSION,
"THe Falla of this Colour is fomewhat fubtile; though
the anfwer tothe exemple alleaged be ready; for neither
is virtue chofen propter Auram Popularem; {eeing that alfo is
given in Precept, That a man fhould above'all things amd per-
fons revere bim/elfefothata Good man is the fame in folitude
whichhe isin the Theater; though perchance virtue will be
more ftrong by glory andfame;as heat is increafed by refle-
ion. Butthis denies the fuppefition, but doth not redar-
sue the Fallax. The Reprehenfion is this. Be it granted
that virtue (efpecially fuch*As is joyned with labour and
-conflié) would notbe chofen but for hir concomitants,
Fame and Opinion , y&it followes notthatan. Appetite and
chiefe Motiveto virtue; fhould not be reall and for it felfe;
for Fame may beonly caufa impulfrva, or fine quanon, and,
nota caufe Con[Zituewt or Efficient. For exemple; if there
were two Horfes, whereof the one would performe with
good {peed, without the fpurre; but the other with the
{purre would farre exceed, the performance of the former;
this latter (I {uppofe) will bear away the prize,and bejudg’d
to bethe better Horfe; and it will not move any man of
found judgementto fay, Tush the life of this Horfe, is but inthe
fpurre: for feeing the ordinary inftrament of Horímanfhip
is thefpurre, and thatit is no matter of impediment or bur-
den; the Hirfe is not to be leffe accounted of, which will
not doe well withoutthe fpurre: nor is that other which
with-
—
TOF LEsangwNiING. Lisa VI. 12]
without the fputre will doe great matters, cherefore to be
reckoned the better, but the more delicate. Soin like man-
ners Glory and Honour are tbe Goades and {purres to'irtue; and
though virtue would fomewhat languifh without them;
yer fince they be alwaies at. hand to attend-virtue, even
whenthey are not invited; there is no impeachment but
that virruensay be defired for it felfe; andthereforethe Polt-
tion, That the note of a thing chofen for Opinion and not-for
Fewph, is this; That if aman thought that what he doth, /houldne-
vericome to light , hewouldnever bave done it, is veprehended.
The. Cotoae:
wy What is purchafed Ly our own ivduflry and virtue, is a grea-
ter Gaod; what is derivedupon us, fyomtbe benefit of others ,or
from the indulgence of Fortune, is aleffer Good.
vThe reafons. atethefe?. Firf? in vefpeéb f future Hope; bee
caufe inthe favour of others, or the good windes of fortune, we
have no [late or certainty; im our own endeavours or abilities we
bave. So whenthey have procured us one good fortune, we
have the fame inftruments ready for a new purchafe; nay by
cuftome and fucceffe, ftronger than before. Secondly be-
caufethe/e Properties which we enjoy by the benefite of others,we
are debtors to others for them, whereas what we derive from our
felves,brings no burden with it; nor drawes upon us an obligation
to another. Againe, itthe Divine Providence conferrea fa-
vour upon us, ittimporcunes a kind of Retribution towards
the goodneffe of God, which ftings ungracious and wicked
men; whereas in that other kind of happineffe; that ofthe
Prophet commonly falls out, They rejoyce and triumphs they wa, ¢:
Sacrifice untotheir nets and burne ineence unto their drag.T bird-
dy becaufe, that which cometh unto us without our own
abilities,yeeldeth not that commendationand reputation.
For Actions of great Felicity draw wonder; not praife; as
Cicero {aid to C «far, Qua miremur babemus que laudemus ex- Pro. M.
pettamus, Fourthly, becaufe the purchafes of our own in- Marcd.
“daftry arejoyned commonly with labour and ftrife, which
makes
296
Suet. in
lul,
In Timol.
t
Or Tue AbdVANCEMENT
makes the fruition of our defires more pleafant, as faith So.
lemon ,Suaviscibus à venatu. uc reagáties
THE REPREHENSION.
Ut there are foure Contre-Colors; which incline the cafe
~~ tothe contrary Part, and may beas Reprehenfions to the
former Colours. Firft becaufe Felicity feems to bea (eale and
character of Divine favours and accordingly begets both confr-
dence and alacrity inour felves; and vefpett. and authority from
others ; And this Felicity. comprehends many cafual+
ties whereunto the power and providence of a man can
not afpire. As when Cefar encouraging the Sailer, faid Ce-
Sarem portas 09 fortunam cjui; but if he had {aid, Cefarem por-
HU U virtutem ejus, ic had bin a cold comfort againfta tem-
pelt. Secondly bécau[e that [ucbtbings a proceed from virtue
and indu[Iry are imitableand feafable by otbersto be prattifed,
whereas Felicity is atbing inimitable, and a Prerogative of feme
few fingular perfons. Wherefore we generally fee,thatthings
of Nature are preferd before things of Art, becaufethey be
inimitable: for what is imitableis in effect Profticuteand
common. Thirdly the Revenues of Felicity, feeme to beno pur-
chafe of our owns but a Donative fromothers: but what is acquis
red by our own proper virtue, is, asit were, bought at a price.
whereupon Plutarch faith elegantly of the Arts of Timoleon,
aman ofall men moft fortunate, compared with the Acts
of Agefilaw and Epaminondas who lived inthe fame Age,
That they were like Homers ver{es, which as they excell*d in other
points, fo they eem dto baye an ea[y native [lidein thems and to
be condutted by a happy Genius. Fourthly becaufe what falls
out beyond hope and expectation, infinuates it (elfe morefweetly,
and with greater delight, into the minds of men; butthis cannot
be incident tothofe things, which proceed from our own
care and compafíe. | |
THE COLOVR.
82 ‘What confifts of many and divided parts, à» greater thas
(that which confifts of few Parts, and dt more entire, y^
a
Or Learnina. Lrs. VI.
‘callthings confidered by parts feemgreater: wherefore both
* plurality of parts hath a fhew of Magnitude, aud the fame
* «Plurality works more Strongly, if it be prefented unto us
* without order; for it induceth a refemblance of Infinity, and
* binders comprebenfion.
This (Colour feemsa Fallax,at firft fight very paipable: fot
not the Plurality of Parts alone, but che Majority, may make
the totall Greater; yet nevertheleffe the Colour many times
carries the imagination away; yea it deceives fenfe. For it
feems totheeye, a fhorter diftance of way;if it be all dead
and continued, fo as nothing intercurre which may break
the fight, then in fuch a'coaftor quarter, where there are
Trees and Buildings, and other markes, which may mea-
fure and Dividethe fpace. So when a great Monied-man
hath divided and diftributed his chefts and baggs into feve-
ralland diftin& roomes, he feemethto himlelfe richer than
he was. Therefore a way to Amplify any thing, isto break
it into many Parts,and to handle every part feverally by it
felfe. Andthisagaine will more fill the imagination, if it
be done promifcuoufly and without order; for confusion
raifeth an opinion of multitude; fo what are prefented and
propounded inorder, both feemto be more finite, and de-
monftrate , that nothing isleft out, but all is there: where-
as on the contrary, whatloever things are reprefented con-
fufedly; are not only thought to be more numerous in them-
felves; but they leavea fufpicion that more might be {aid
than is expreffed..
THE REPREHENSION,
He Fallaxofthis Colouris. Firffwhen aman doth over- -
conceive, or prejudicate of tbe greatne[Je of any things com-
prebending it beyond thetrue limits of Magnitude, for then the
breaking of it will make it [eem le[fe, and rectify that falfe opinion,
and pre[ent the obje£&t in its native verity,and not with amplifica-
zion. Whereforeif a manbe in fickneffeor in paine, the
time will feem longer to him without a Clock or ap
. Pp Howet-
297
298 |. Or THE ADYANCEMENT
erroneous opinion conceived it tobe. So ina dead Plaine
(whereof evennow wegave a contrary inftance) it fome-
times falls out; forthough at firft the eye preconceiv'd the
way fhorter, becaufe it was undivided, yet if upon this füp-
pofition, an opinion pofleffe the imagination of a farre
fhorter {pace of gronnd then it provesto be; the fruftrating
of that vaine conceit, makes itfeem longer than the truth.
Therefore ifany man defire to humor and fecondthe falfe
opinion of another; touching the greatneffe of any thing, let
him beware of diftributiong and breaking itin feverall
confiderations,but let him out of hand extoll the matter en-
tire,andinthegrofle. Secondly this Colour deceives when the
Distribution is diftratted or [cattered, or is not prefented intires
or doth not at once object it felfe tothe fight. Therefore if low-
ersina Garden be divided into feverall bedds, they will
fhew more than ifthey were all growing in one bed; {othe
Beds be within a plotthatthey be the object of view at
once; otherwile, union is of mote force in this cafe than
Ícattered. diftribution. Therefore their Revenues feem
greater, whofe Lands and Livingslyetogether in one fhire;
for if they were difperfed, they would not fall fo eafily
within notice and comprehenfion. Thirdly this Colour de-
ceives in re(pect of the dignity of unity above multitude, for all
compofition is a [ure mark of deficiency,in particularities feveral-
dy confidered which thus pieces out one thing with the addition of
another. Et que non profunt fingula multa juvant.
And therefore Mary had chofenthe better. part; Martha,
Luk. 10, Martha, attendis ad plurima,unum fufficit. Hereupon ZEfop,
£f. framed the fable of the Fox and the Cat. The Fox bragged
what a number of fbifts and devices he bad to get fromthe Hounds,
the Cat (aid [De bad but one only way toirusttowhich was this; fhe
bad apoore [lender faculty in climbing up a Tree. which yet in
proof wasa furer guard then all Vulpones policies & ftrata-
gems:
Or Learnina Lis. VI. ees
—2
gems» whereot the proverb grew, multa novit Vulpes, fed Ep.
Felis unum magnum, the Fox knowes many practifes, buc the
Cat one fpeciall; one that will help at a dead lift. And in
the Morall of this Fableitcomes likewife to pafle, that a
potent and faithfull friendyis a fier card at a pinch, then all the
Plots and ‘Policies of a mans own wit.
And thefe thallfuffice for example: we have an infinite
number more of Colours, ofthis nature, which we collected
in our youth; but without their Filuftrations and Reprehenfi-
ows, which at this time we have no leafure to perfect and di-
geft, wherefore we thought it incongruous to expofe thofe
Colours naked, without their Illuffrarions feeing thefe other
come abroad attired. Yetthus much in the mean we admo-
nifh;that this branch of knowledge, in our judgement,
whatfoever it may feem,is of no contemptible confequence,
but a matter of high price and ufe, as that which partici-
pates both of Primitive, Philofophy, of Policy, and of Rhetho-
rique. Thus much of Popular markes,or of the Colours of
Good and Evill in apparance, as well fimple as comparative.
Il. A fecond colleétionwhich appertainesto aready — ,,
Provifion, or Preparatory fforesis that which Cicero intimates AN T 1-
(as we have noted before in Logique) where he gives it in PE Ay
preceptsthat we have Common-places in ready preparation Cicero, |
argued and handled Pro and Contra; {uch as are For the words
and letters of Law; for the [ence and mind of Law, and thelike.
And weextend this Precept to other things alfo; as that it
may be appliedsnot only to Judiciall Formes; but to Delibe- -
rativeand DemonStrative allo. Generally this is it we would
have done; namelysthat we have all Places,whereof there is
more frequent ufe (whether we refpett Probations and
Coufutations; or Perfwafions and Di[|vifions ; or Praifes
and Vituperations, )ftudied and meditated before-hand; and
thefame extolPd and depreffedbythe higheft ftraines of
witand invention; and perverfely wrefted, as it were, of
purpofe utterly beyond Truth Andin our opinion the
manner of this Collections well for ufe as for brevityswould
bethe beft of {uch common-places, and feeds of feverall
Pp2 Arguments
LI
| 300
Sen.Con-
tto.
Or THEADVANCEMENT |
Arguments were abridg’d and caft up into fome briefe and
acute fentences; as into skaines or bottomes of Thread to be
drawn out;and unwinded into larger Difcourfesas occafion
fhould be prefented.- A colle&ion of this nature we find in Se-
teca, but in fuppofitions only or Cafes. Of this fort (in re-
gard wehave many ready. prepared) we thought good to
fet down fomeofthem for example; Thefe we call | Anti-
theta Rerum. |
EXAMPLES OF THE
ANTITHET.Á.
Noszir(:Trv. I.
| Pro.
Hey whofe virtue 18 alto-
gether deriv’d from the
flock, thefe not only
have not avill, but want a pow-
er to be wicked.
Nobility a Garland of
Bayes wherewithtime (rownes
men.
Wereverence Antiquity e-
ven in dead Monuments, bow
much more in living.
If youregard not the bonour
of an ancient Houfe? Then
what difference willthere be be-
tween the Race of Men,and the
Race of Beafts?,
Nobility removes virtue
From Envy; recommends it to
Grace and Favour.
Contra.
Obility [eldome fprings
from Virtue ; Virtue
more feldome fiom No-
bility.
Nobles by birth more often
ufethe interceffion of their An-
ceStors for Pardon; than their
Suffrage for Honors.
The induftry of new rifeing
men is oftentimes [uch as No-
bles compar’ d with them are but
Statues.
Nobles by blood, look too of-
ten back in tbe cour[es which is
the quality of an ill. Racer.
Beauty
v V
> Or LEARNING.
Pro. |. «
Deformed perfons common-
ly have their revenge of Na-
ture.
Virtue is nothing elfe. but
inward “Beauty ; and Beauty
nothing elfe but an outward
virtne.
Deformed Per[ohs feek to
Beaury..
Lis. VI.
dr edebat Bold
Contra :
Virtus is likea rich p
belt plain fat. gu.
— Wbat afaire veftment is [o
a deformed body, the fame is a
comely Body to a deformed
Mind.
They ufually are of no great
| parts, whom Beauty commend-
refcue themfelves from (zornes — etbyor moveth.
by malice and boldne(fe.
Beauty makes virtues [Dine,
vices blush.
Yours. lll
Pro. Contra
Our fir]. cogitations, and Youth is the field of. Re-
the counfils of Youth ftream — pentance.
more divinely. There is in Youth animbred
Old men are more wife for
themfelves then they are for o-
thers and the Repub.
If it could be made vifble,
‘Old age doth more deformethe
mind then tbe Body.
Old menfear allthings (ave
the Gods.
difeStime of the ‘Authority of
Ages that every one may grow
wife at hisown *Perill..—
Thofe counfils to which Time
was not call’d, Time pil not ra-
tify.
jn old men Venus is chan
ged into the Graces.
Heatrtu IV.
Pro.
The regard of Health makes
‘the mind bumble, and obfzqui-
ous tothe Body.
Contra,
Often to recover health; is
often to grow young apaine.
2 | cd
301
302
D =
Cr Tue AdVANCEMENT
A found body is the Soules
Hoft, but a fickly her Jalour.
Nothing (o promotes the
fumme of Bufineffesas a profpe-
vous ftate of Body, but onthe
contrary, a fickly conStitution
makes tov many Holy-Daies.
Indifpofition of Health is .
a common excufe, hither we fly
even when we are well.
Health unites the Soule and
the body in too firiét a league.
The Couch. hath govern'd
mighty Empires;andthe Litter
mighty Armies.
Wire and CHILDREN.
Pro.
Charity to the Common-
wealth,begins at a private Fa-
mily.
Wife and Children are a
hind of Difcipline of Humani-
ty; but unmarried men are cru-
ell and hard-hearted.
Single life and. a Childleffe
State, are good for nothing but
for flight.
He that procreates no Chil-
dren,facrificeth to Death,
They that are happy inall
other things, are commonly un-
fortunate in their Children:
* leaft being men they [ould ap-
proach too neereto a condition
Divine.
Contra.
He that hath Wife and |.
Childrens hath given Hostages
to Fortune.
Generation and iffue are
Human AGs; Creation and
its works are Acts Divine.
Iffue is the Eternity of
Beafts, Fame,merit and whol-
ome “Precepts, the eternity of
Men.
Oeconomicall refpetts many
times fupplant "Political Du-
(165.
To fome natures the For-
tune of Priamus is acceptable,
whofurviv d bis whole Pofteri-
ty.
Ricugs. VI.
Pro. Contra.
They defpife Riches 5 that Of great Riches, there is et.
defpaire of them. ther a Cuffody, or a difpen[ati-
An envy conceivd against
Riches, bath extolled virtue to
a Deity. uq
om, or a fame; but no folid
Ce. '
Wbileff
m | x
Or LEARNING.
WhileSt Philofophers call in
doubt whether all things are to
bereferr d to yirtue,or *Plea-
fure; furvay the inftruments of
them both.
Virtue,by means of Riches,
is converted into a common
good.
All other kinds of Good
have a Provinciall Command,
only Riches a Generall,
Lis. VI.
Doe you not fee what fained
Prifes are fet upon litle ftones,
and {uch kind of Rarities, that
there may be [ome u[e made of
great Riches?
Many whileff they have en-
tertain'd an opinion that all
things might be bought with
their mony shave in this conceit,
Sirft fold themfelves.
, ] can not: call Riches better
thenthe Bageage of virtue; for
they are both nece[[ary tovirine,
and yet comberfome hindering
the March.
Riches area good Hand-
maid, but the worst Maiftreffe.
Honours. VII.
Pro.
Honours are not the fuffrage
of Lyranns, but of Divine Pro-
vidence.
- Honours make both virtues
and vices. con[picuous; there-
fore thofe they excite thefethey
repreffe.
Noman cantell what profr-
cience he hath made inthe Race
of virtue , wnle[Je Honours af-
ford bim an open field.
The motion of virtue as of
other things, is violent to its
place, calme in its place; and
the place of virtue is bonour.
Contra.
Whileft we feck Honours,
we loofe liberty.
Honours commonly give
mena Power over ibofe things,
wherein the beft condition is.
not towill; the next notto (an,
The [laires to Honours are
fleep the Landing flippery> the
regre[Je a downef all. 1
They that are in great place
had need io borrow other mens
opinions, to think them|elves
happy»
Empire
E
io
Or
EMPIRE
Pro.
It is a great bleffing to enjoy
Happinee ; but to bave tbe
power to Conferre it on otbersyis
farre greater.
Kings arerather lke flarres,
than men; for they have a pow-
erfullinfluxe upon all men,and
upontimesthemfelves, ——
To refift Gods-vicegerentss
és not only the Guilt of Treafon,
but a kind of Theomachie.
PRAISE:
Pro.
Praifes are the veflexed
Beams of virtue.
That Praife is an Honour
— which comes from voices freely
conferrd.
Many ftates conferre Ho-
nours; but *Praifes ave every
wherethe Attributes of Liber-
ty.
The voice of the people hath
Some divinene[Je in it, elfe how
Should fo many men agree tobe
of one mind?
You need not wonder if the
communalty fpeak more truly
than the Nobility; for they
Speak more fafely.
Tue ADVANCEMENT
VIII.
Contra.
What a miferable flate is it,
tohave a few things 10 defire,
infinite things to feare? —
Princes are like heavenly
bodies which have much vene-
ration, Lut noreft.
None of Humane condition
ws admitted to the Banquet of
the Godssbutto his reproach.
RepurTatTion. IX.
Contra.
Fame ts a better Nuncio,
iban a Iudge. |
What hath a good man to
doe with the dull approbation of
the vulgar?
Fame like a River bears up
things light andfwolne, drowns
things waighty and folid.
The loweft ‘virtues draw
praife from the common people.
the middle virtues work in tbe
Aftonifhment; or Admiration,
but of the bighefl virtues they
baveno fence or perceiving at
all.
Praife proceeds more ont of
a bravery then out of merit; Q9
happens rather to aine and
windy perfons, thento perfons
fubftaniiall and folid.
PUN Nature
Or Learnine. Lis.
Vi.
Nature X.
Pro. | Contra-
“The Progreffe of C eg uy Mens thoughts ave accord-
Aritbmeticall, of. Nature Geo- ing to nature ; their words ac-
sthetricall. cording to precept. but their
_ As lawes are to Cuffome in deeds according to custome.
Civile flates, fo is Nature to Natureis akind of Pedant;
cufleme im every particular (uftome a Magiffrate.
*Perfon,
. Cuftome againft Nature is
a kind of Tyranny, and is
quickly and upon lig cht occafio
Suppreffed.
Fortune XL
Pro. Contra.
Ouvert and apparent virtues The folly of one man, isthe
bring forth praife; fecret and Fortune of another.
hidden virtues bring forth for-
tune.
Virtues of duty bring forth
praife; virtues of Ability bring
forth fortune.
The way of Fortune is like
the milken way in the skie;
In Fortune this I may chief-
ly commend, that being fhe
makes no elections [De gives no
protection.
Men of place and quality
while they decline the Envy of
their own virtues, have bin
whichis a meeting or knot of found among theworfhippersof
certain {mall obfcure virtues
without a name.
Fortune is to be bonour'd
andrefpected, and it be but for
bir daughters confidence and
Reputation.
Fortune.
Life
| 395
- Or THe ADVANCEMENT
—
———
LIFE; XI. 14
Pro.
Jt is a fooli[b and prepofte-
row affedzion » to loye. tbe. Ac-
ce[fories of lifesmore. then life it
Selfe. joa
A full cour[e is better then a
hort; a faire advantage to all
things, yea even to virtue.
Without a gocd fpaciow
compajfe of life, we can neither
fully perfelt, nor learne, wor
repent.
(
\ 5
SwPedariTILen« Xl.
Pro.
They that erre out of a well-
ment «eales may not be, appro-
vedsbut yet may be beloved.
Mediocrities are dueto Mo-
rall yirthbes; extremities to di-
vine.
A fuperflitiow man a ve-
ligiow Formalift.
I fhould fooner believe all
the Fabulow wonders of any
Religion than that this univer-
fall Frame was built without a
Deity.
Contra.
Tbe. Philofophers, whilei?
they raife fo great preparations
againft Death; have.made it
but appear.more terrible. ——
. Men fear Death becaufe
they know it not; as Children
fear the Darke. |
Toucan finde no Paffion in
the mind of man fo weak which
if it be but a litle pref], ma-
fers not the feareof death,
To be willing to die, not on-
ly a valiant man, or 4 mifera-
ble man may, or avife; but e-
ven a faftidions man , and a
coward may doe as much.
Contra.
As it addes deformity unto
an Ape , tobe fo like aman. fo
the fimilitude of fuperftition to
Religion, makes it more de-
form d.
Look bo» odious Affectati-
on is in matters Civile, (o bate-
full is (uper(lition , in matters
Divine.
It were better to have no o-
pinon of God at all than [uch an
opinion asis reproachfull unto
him.
It
! Or MR RN Dix VI.
““PRiv E.
Pro.
Pride 1s even with vices in-
compatible: And as porfon is
expelled by poifon, fomany vi-
ces are by Pride.
Afoft nature becomes guil-
ty ofthe crimes of others, but a
proud fpirit only of bts own.
Pride if it afcend from
contempt of others to a con-
tempt of it felfe, at laft is
chang’ dinto Philofophy.
INGRATITUDE.
-"ut Pro,
"The guilt of ingratitude is no-
thing elfe but atoo precife confr-
deration and inquifition into
the caufe of a benefit con-ferr d.
Whilest we endeavour to be* -
gratefull to others,we neitber
performe justice to others, nor
referve lberty toour felves.
Q qa
oz
It is not the Schiole of Epi-
curs, but the Porch of the Sto-
iques that hath perturbed anci-
ent States.
Ft cannot come into the mind
af man to be a meere Atheiftin
Opiuiou;bwt yonr great Hypo-
crites are the true Atheifts,
who are ever handling holy
things, but never revere them.
XIV.
Contra
Pride. is the infinuating
Die to virtues , and all good
Qualities.
All other vices are only con-
trary to virtues, Pride alone is
contagious.
Pride wants the beft condi-
tion of vices that is, conceale-
ment. —
Afproud manwbilebe defpi-
[étbotbersprejudiceth himfelf.
XV.
Contra.
The crime of Ingratitude is
notto be repreffed by punifh-
ments, but to be referred over
tothe Furies.
- The obligations ef benefits
are more {trict than of Duties,
wherefore. be that is untbank-
Full is unjuft and, any thing
- Wbere
308
OF THe ADVANCEMENT
Where the valuation of 4
Benefit i ts uncertainestberethe
leffe thank is due. Y
Envy.
Pro.
jtis natural for a manto
bate the reproach of E For-
tune.
Enyy ina ftateis a i ieee
Ostracifme.
INCONTINENCE
Pro.
Chaftity may thank Iealon-
{ythatfbeis becomea virtue.
He had need be endewed
with much Gravity bat makes
the {ports of Venus any matter
of Earneft.
- Why doe you place either a
pare dietsor a fhew of Honefly,
or the Daughter of Pride, a-
mong {E the virtues?
Of loves gs of wild-foule there
isno property; but.the rightis
pafl over with the polfeion.
CRUELTY,
Pro. ^.
No virtue is fo fien guilty
as clemency.
Such is mans condition ; no
man is borne to fo high a frr-
tune, but that he is a debtor to
the retributio both of Private
thanks and perfonallrevenge. —
XVI.
Contra-
Envy never makes Holy-
Day.
Nothing but death recon=
ciles Envy to'virtuc.
Envy doth put virtue to it,
as Juno did Hercules.
XVII.
Contra
Incontinence is one of Cir-
ces wort transformations. ——
Ax unchaft liver bath : urs
terly loft a reverence to bim-
Sfelfes which is the bridle of all.
vice. .
Theythat with Paris, make
beauty their wifh, loofe, as be
did.Wifdome and Honour.
Alexander fell upon no po-
pular truth ,when be faid, that
fleep and. Luft were. the ean
of Death. Ail
SOUL cai
^ "Contra.
He that delights in blood a
_either awild beaft or a Fury.
a Crucky
Or LEARNING.
Cruelty if it proceed from
revenge, itis justice; if from
Peril it is wifdome. |
Hethat [bewes mercy to bis
‘enimy denicsit to bim(elfz.
. Phlebotomy is not more ne-
celjaryin the Body Natural,
thanit tr inthe body Politique.
V AIN-GLOR x.
Pro.
He that feels bis own praife,
withall feeks the profit of others.
He that is fo referp d, asto
regard nothing that is forraine;
it may be fufpecied, that he will
account publique affaires, for-
Taine impertinencies.
Such. Dilpofitions as have
a commixture of Levity in
them, more eafily undertake a
Lis. VI.
Cruelty toa Good san,
feems to be buta Fable, and
[ome Tragicall fittion.
XIX.
Contra.
*Caine-gloriow perfons are
alwaies fattious, Lyars, Incon.
flantsover-doing.
Thrafois Gnathoes prey.
Ftis afbame for a Loverto
make {uit tothe hand-masd but
Praifeis virtues band-maid. -
Publique charge. f
bis sTIcE. XX.
Pro Contra.
Kingdom and States are If this beto be juft , not to
only the Appendices of Iuftice: ^ doeto another what you would
for if Fuftice otherwife could be
sexecuteds. there would be no
: need of them.
It is theefe# of Iuftice,
tbat manis to mat. a God, and
" not a Wolfe. |
Though. justice can not ex-
birpate vice; yet it repreffetb it
Q.q 3
not have doneto your fzlfestben
is mercy Iuftice.
Uf we muft give every one
"bis due,then fisrely pardon to
‘Humanity.
Wbattell you me of equity
when toa wife man all cd
are unequall?
je
- 309
|. 310
frm doing hurt.
ForRTITUDE.
Pro.
Nothing but feare is terri-
ble. There is nothing folid in
pleafure, nor alfur'd in virtues
where fear difquiets.
He that confronts dangers
“with openeyes, that be may re-
ceive the charge; marketb bow
to avoid the fame.
All other "virtues , free us
fromthe Dominion of vice; on-
ly Fortitude fromthe Domini-
on of Fortune.
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
——
Doe but confider what the
conditia of the guilty was inthe
Roman [Late ; and then (ay ju-
fHiceis not for the Re-publique.
The common Iuftice of
flates is as a Philofopper in
Court, that is, it makes only for
aveveréatiall rofbeti of [uch as
bear Rule.
XXI.
Contra.
That's 4 goodly virtue to be
willing to dye, [0 you may be
fure to kill.
That's a gocdly virtue fure,
which even drunkenne[Je may
induce.
He that is prodigal of his
own life, will not [pare the. life
of an other.
Fortitude is a virtue of the
Fron Age.
J'EMPERANCE.. XXII.
Pros 15
To Abftaine 47 toSuftaines
dre virtues. proceeding. com-
monly from tbe (ame habit.
Vuiformities ,concords, and
Meafuresof motionsyare things
celeftiall, andthe chara&kersef.
Eternity.
Temperance as . wholfome
coldes , concenterate and fireng-
Contra. -
I like not thefe negative vir-
tues; for they argue Innocence
not Merit.
That mind languifbeth hitb
s not fometimes Jpirited by éX-
ceffe.
ike thofe virtues which in-
duce the vivacity of Aétion,and
nos the dulne[fe of Paffion.
When
T Or « Toga Na K G..
then tbe forces of the Mind.
Too exquifite d&alwandring :
. fenfes, bad need. of Narco-
tiques; and [o likewife wan-
drmpafetftons. °°
A $3 a
Pro.
Conflancy is the foundation
ef yrrtue. c , à
Heisa miferable wan thar
bith no perception of bis fiture
late, what it [ball or may be.
"t Seemg mans judgement is
fo weak, as that be cannot be
conftant to things, let him at
least be true to himfelfe, andto
his own defignes.
Conflancy gives reputation
evento vice.
If te tbe Inconftancy of for-
tune we adde alfo , the incon-
flancy of minds in what mages
of darkne(fe doe we live!
Fortune like Proteus, if
you perfift, fhe returnes to her
true fbape.
G .
When you fet downe the e-
qualltempers of tbe mind, you
[et downe but few, nam pau-
peris eft numerate pecus.
Thefe Stoici/nres ( not to wf?
that fo you may nobdefire; not
to defire phat’ fo you may not
eave )avethe refolutions of pu-
fillanimous amd odiStrusbfielt
matures 0 s
CoNsTANcY. XXIII.
Contra.
Conftancy like a fullen-felfe-
will'd Portereffe , drives away
many fruitfull informations.
There ts good reafow that
Conflancy should patiently en-
dure croffes, for commonly (he
caufeth them.
The foorteft folly is the beft.
Magnani-
—
———
E
LIE go
SY
iitvatiipata
When: once; the mind hath
propoundedsait felfe honoura-
ble ends; then not only virtues;
but eventhe\divine powers are
readyto fecond.
Virtues {pringing Jun em
bit or precepts are vulgars but
~ fromthe end beroicall.
KNOWLEDGE;
S Pro. n
That delight only. is accord-
75g to Nature, whereof there is
nofatiety.
The forcetef profpe ce d that,
which looks imtotbe errors of o-
thers inthe vale below.
. How pleafing and profitable
athing is it,to have the orbs of
ihe mind concentriqueswith the
orbs of the World.
All depraved afe& ions are
falfe valuations; but goodneffe
and Truth are ever the fame.
LEARNING.
Pro.
Ff there were Books written
of the fmallefl matters ; tbere
would hardly be any ufe of ex-
perience.
C MaesiwDu ti ^ XXIV.
eee
Apv "A/N'C E M ENT
i ya)
| ee u
! Magnanimity. is a Virtue
AM
Cox TEMPLATI ON. XXV.
Contra.
Acontemplative life isa
Specious floth. |
Totbinkwell à litle better,
then to dreamewell.
The divine providence re-
gards the world; thou thy coun.
FO
Aright Politique procreates
(Contemplations.
XXVI.
Contra- ^
jn. Schooles men learne fo
believe.
What Art did yet ever teach
the feafonable ule of Art?
Reading
Or LranNiING. Lis. VI.
Readingts a converfe with
the wife; A€tion for the mof?
part a commerce with fooles.
—.. TDhofe fciences are notto be
reputed altogether unprofita-
ble, that are of no ufe; if they
Jharpen tbe wits, and marfhall
our conceptions.
PROMPTITUD z.
Pro.
That is not. fzafonable wif-
dome which is not quick and
nimble.
He that quickly erres ,quick-
ly reformes bis error.
He that is wife upon delibe-
ration, and not upon prefent
occafion, performes no great
matter.
oa To be wife from Preceptand
from experience, are two con-
trary habits, fo as hethat is ac-
cuStomed to the one, is unapt for
the other.
There is many times a vain
ufe of Art, leaft there [bould be
n0 ufz.
This commonly is the humor
of all Schollers, that they are
wont to acknowledge all they
know, but not to learne what
they know not.
XXV II.
Contra
That - wifdome is not farre
fetcht, nor deeply grounded
which is ready at band.
Wifdome, as a veftment,
that is lightest whichis readi-
eft.
Age doth not ripen their
ivifdome, whofe Counfils delibe-
ration doth not ripen.
What is*[uddenly invented
[uddenly vanifheth , (von ripe
fecnrotten.
Silence in matters of Secrecy. XXI Y
Pro.
From a filent man, nothing
ts conceal d; for all istherefafe-
Ly laid up.
He that eafily talkes what
Rr
Contra. — ES
Alteration of | Cuflomes
placeth the mind inthe darke,
and makes men, goe invifi-
ble omm
be
314
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
he knowes, will alfo talke what — Secrecy isthe virtue of acon-
heknowes not. fef.
Myfleries are due to fecre- Froma flent man all things
cies. are conceal d» becaufe allis re-
pai'd with filence.
‘Aclofe man is next to an
unknown man.
RwedL try: XXIX
Pro. Contra.
7 like the man thatis pliant Facility is aweak privation
to anothers inclination, but yet of judgement.
referves bis judgement from
flattery.
He that is flexible comes
teerefl the nature of Gold.
\\PopuLarRiry.
(Pro. |
The (ame things commonly
pleafe wife men, but it is alfo a
point of wifdome; to bumor
T be good offices of facile na-
tures feem debts their denials,
injuries.
He owes the thanks tobim-
felfesthat obtaines any thing of
4 Facile-natur'd man.
All difficulties pre[fe upon a
too acceffible and yeelding na-
ture;for be ingapes himfelfe in
all.
Facile natures feldome
come off with credit.
2.0.0.0
Contra.
He whofe nature righty
Sorts with fooles, may bimfelfe
befufpe ed.
the changeable... difpofition of | Hethat haththe Artiopleafe
Sooles..
To honour the z people i is to be
bonoured, "
Men in place ufually fad
the people ; commonly | hath the
power to raife the. people.
No termes of moderation
takes place with the vulgar.
in
Or LEARNING. dius "V.
in awe, not of ene man, but the
multitude.
Loouacir r.
Pro.
Silence argues a man to be
To fawne onthe people, t
the lowest degree of Flattery.
XXXI.
Contra.
Silence addes grace,and au-
jealous; either of ethers, or of thority to a mans words.
him{elfe.
Reftraint of liberty in what
kind foever,is an unhappy cafe;
but the wor[? of allis that of fi-
lence. .
Silence is the virtue of fooles;
where he (aid truly to a filent
man, Ifyou be wife you area
Foole; ifyoube aFoole you
are wife.
Silence like night is fit for
Treacheries. ——
Cogitations are like waters,
moft wholfome in the running
fireame.
Silence is a kind of (olitude.
He that is filent, proftitutes
himfelfetocenfure.
- Silence neither difchargetb
it felfe of evill thoughts, nor
contritutes any good.
Silence like a kindly fleep,
refrefbethwifdom 9 fettles the
judgement.
Silence is the Fermentation
of our thoughts.
Silence isthe flile of wif-
. dome.
Silence is a candidate for
Trutb.
Dedi ait dus: P*esdi
Pro.
Diffimulation is à compen-
diow wifdome.
We are not tied to [ay the
fame, but tointend the fame.
R ri
Contra.
When we cannot think accord-
ing tothe verity of things. yet at
leaft let ws [peak according as
we think.
Whofe fhallow capacities capre-
; Nak ed-
"5
(36
Or THEADVANCEMENT
n Nakedneffe even in the
Mind is uncomely.
Diffimulation is both a
Grace and a Guard.
Difimulation is the fence
of counfils.
- Some through their too apert
faire dealing become a prey.
He that carries all things
with an open frankne[Je, de-
ceives, as he that fomewhat dif-
fembles : for many either doe
not comprehend him, or doe not
believe bim.
Open dealing is nothing elfe,
bus aweakneffe of mind.
bend not the Arts of State; in
them, a habit of diffimulation
goes for wif dome.
Hethat Diffembles deprives
himfelfe of one of the most prin-
cipall inftrwments far Action
which is beliefe.
Difsimulationinyites Dif-
fimulation.
A diffembler is not exempt
from bondage.
BorpwEssE. XXXIII.
Pro.
A fbamefaed. (utor teaches
the way how to be denied.
What Action is to an Ora-
tor, the fame is boldneffe toa
Politique; the firfl tbe fecond,
the third virtue.
I love bim that confeffeth
his modefty, but I cannot en-
dure bim that accufeth it.
A’ confidence in carriage
fooneft unites affections.
I like a referred counte-
nance. and an open {peech.
Ceremonies, Puntoes,
Pro.
A comely moderation of
Counte-
Contra.
Boldne[[e is the verger to
folly. |
‘Impudence is good for no-
thing but for lmpofture.
Confidence is the fooles Em-
preffe, and the wife mans. buf-
fone. . |
Boldneffe is a kind of Dul-
ne[Je of fence, togither witha
perver{enelfa of the will.
XXXIV.
Contra.
What can be amore deformed
fpettacle
Affe&tation.
:. Or Learnine. Lis.
Countenance and GeSture, is
thetrue [eafoning of virtue.
If we obferve the vulgar in
the ufe of words, wby not in ba-
bit and GeSture?
Hetbat keeps not a decorum
in [maller matters, and in bis.
daily cu[Fomess tbougb be. be a
greatman» yet fet it down for
truth.that fuch a per[onage is
wifesbut at certain feafons.
’ Virtue and wi[dome without
all points of re[pett and com-
plements ave like forraine lan-
guages they are not under ftood
by the common people.
He that apprebends not the
meaning of the common people,
either by acongruows applica-
tion, nor yet by obfervation, is
of all men moft f en[ele[fe.
Puntoes and ceremonies are
the tran[lation of virtue into a
mother tongue.
]&^srs.
Pro.
A conceit isthe altar of an
Orator,
He that mingles modeft
mirth in all his commerce with
others, referves a freedome of
mind.
It is amatter more politiques
then amanwould think,fmooth-
ly to paffe from. jeff to earnefE,
Rr 3
VI.
fpectacle, than to transferre
the fence into our common
come of life?
Faire ingeniow behaviour
winnes grace and favour, but
afjectation and art procures ba-
tred.
Better a painted. face aud
erifped b aires then painted and
erifped manners.
He cannot comprehend great
matters, who breaks bis mind to
[mall obfervations.
Affectation is the fhining
Putrefattion of ingenuity.
XXXV.
Contra
What man defpi[etb not tbofe
that hunt afiertbefe deformi-
ties and concinnities -
To put off the importance of ©
bufinelfe with a jefts is a bafe
flight of vit.
Then judge of a jest, when
you have done laughing.
Merrily conceited mew, fel-
dome
eS ee eee
317
prC———— CÓ P— Or — Pla: — S
318
Or
and from earneft to jeft.
A witty conceit is often-
times a comyoy of a Truth,
which otherwife could not f?
handfomely bave bin feried o-
ver,
Love
Pro.
Doe you not (ze bow all men
Seek themfelves; but a lover on-
ly findes bimfelfe.
There 1» no better gover-
ment of the mind, then from
the command of (ome powerfull
affection.
He that u wifes let bim pur-
Sue fome defire or other; for he
that doth not affect fome one
thing in chiefe, unto him all
things are diStaftfull and tedi-
ous.
Why fhould not that which ts
one, rest in unity?
THe ADVANCEMENT
dome penetrate farther than the
Juperficies of things; which is
the point where the jeft lies.
To put a left,as a matter of
moment wpon [eriow affaires. is
a childifb Levity.
XXXVI.
Contra.
The fiage is much behold-
ing to love; the life of man no-
thing,
There is nothing bathfoma-
ny names as love; for it t a
thing either fo foolilb, that it
knowes not it felfe , or fo bafe
that it muft needs difguife it
felfe under a counterfeit habit.
Tlike not {uch natures as are
only intent upon one thing.
Loyeis a poore-narrow con-
templation.
FRIENDSHIP. XXXVII.
Pro. |
Friendlbi accomplifbeth
the f/ameibings that Fortitude
doth; but more fweetly.
Friend/bip is a pleafant
Sauce to any temporall happi-
nelfe.
The wort folitude is to be
deftitute of fncere friend/bip.
Contra.
Who contracts [trict leagues
of Amity, drawes upon himfelfe
new engagements.
It is a note of aweak [pirit,
to divide fortune.
if
" Og
Jt is a juft punifbment for
fal[e-bearted difpoftionss to be
deprived of. op eg
FLATTERY.
Pro.
Flattery proceeds more out of
cuffome then out of Malice.
It was ever a forme of civi-
lity due to Great Perfons, by
praifing themzo infiruct them.
er ee ee
Learnine. Lure. VI.
XXXVIII.
Contra.
Flattery is the flile of Ser-
pants.
Flattery is tbe cement of
Vice. |
Flattery is that kind of
fooling, which deceives Birds
by refemblance of voice...
The deformity of flattery is
Comicall, but the damage Tra-
gicall.
To give wholfome counfil sis
A taske moft difficult.
REVENGE, XXXIX.
Pro.
“Private Revenge ts a kind
of wild Iuftice. |
He that returnes wrong for
wrongsvielates tbe Law, aot the
*Perfon.
The fear of privaterevenge
£ a profitable reftraint , for
lawes are too often afleep.
Contra-
He that does a wrong ts the
beginner of a quarrell; but he
that retaliates , takes away all
means of ending it.
Revenge by how much the
more natural, by fo much the
more to be repreffed.
He that is inclinable to re-
tribute awrong is behind-hand
perchance in time, but not is
will, RM
Innovati-
319
^ 320 Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
INNOVATION.
Pro.
Every medicine is an imo-
‘pation.
He that will not apply new
remedies ,muft expect new di-
fees.
Time isthe greatest innova-
tor; why then may we not imi-
tate time.
Ancient prefidents are in-
conformable, recent , corrupt,
and degenerate.
Let fimple and contentious
per(ons, {quare their actions,
according to examples.
4s thofe that firft bring bo-
nour into their Family» are
commonly more worthy than
moft that fucceed.
Sothe Innovation of things
forthe mojt part excells tbofe
things which are done out of I-
mitation.
— Afroward retention of (Cu-
ffomer, is as turbulent a thing
as Innovation.
Secing thatthings of ‘their
own courfe alter tothe worfe, if
they be not by counfill altered
tothe better , what [ball be the
end of Evill.
The fervants of custome are
tbe[corne of Time.
XL.
Céntra.
New Births are deformed
things.
No author is accepted untill
time haue authoriz?d bim.
All novelty is with injury,
for it defaceth the prefent State
of things.
Thofethings which ciflomt
hath confirmed, if they be not
profitable, yetthey are confor-
mable and piece well togither.
What Novator followes the
example of time, which infinu-
ates innovations fo quietly, as
is [carce perceptible to fence.
W bat[oever comes unlooked
for, is the leffe acceptable to
him whom it belps;and the more
troublefome to bim whom it
hurts.
Delay
- Or Learnine. Lis. VI.
a —Ó ———— ————— — —— —
DaevamA XEE
Pro.. Contra.
Fortune felleth many things Occafton turnes the handle
to the hafky; which fhe gives to of the Bottle firft, to be recei-
the flow and deliberate. ved, and after the belly.
Wbilefl we make to» much Occafion, like Sibytla,dimi-
haft tofurprizethe beginnings — nifbetb the commodity, but en-
and on[ets of things, weclafpe — ban[etbtbe Price.
fhadowes. Celerity is the helmet of
Whileft things are at a Pluto.
doubtfull Siandyve mul waigh Thofe things which are feas.
them. whenthey inclinewe may — fonably undertaken, are per-
fall awork. formed with judgement , but
It is good tocommitthe be- what are put off too long, are
gining of Actions to Argus, compaff'd with trouble and by
with his hundred eyes, tbeends ambages.
to Briareus, with his hundred
hands.
PREPARATION. XLII.
Pro. Contra.
He that attempts a great — The fir[? occafon of ation;
matter with {mall means; fan- is the bef point of Prepara-
ciesto bim(elfe the advantage — tien.
of opportunity that be may not —— het no manthink to fetter
de[paire. fortune with the chaines of bis
With [lender provifom we preparation.
Luy wit not fortune. The alteration of Preparati-
on, and Atfion,are politique
Arts; but the separation of
them is a vaporout conceit , and
unprofperous.
Great Preparation is 4
prodigall both of time and bu-
fine |
sf Ta
3i
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
To Encountre firft Affaults.
Pro.
More dangers deceive us by
fraud , then overcome w by
force.
It is leffe trouble to meete
danger by early remedies, then.
£o watch and ward the apprea-
ches and progre(fe thereof.
A danger tno more light,
af it once feem light,
VioLENT CowNsirs-
Pro.
Thofe that affect a milde and
gentle kind of Prudence; to
them the augmentation of an
evil, awbolfome remedy.
That necefity which refolves
upon defperate courfes ; com-
monly goes through with them.
»*
XLLIIL
Contra. .
He teacheth danger to come
on, who over-carly addre[fetb
himfelfe againft danger, and
Sixeth it by application of ares .—
shed. id
- Intheredreffe of dangers, ,
lighter dangers fall off of them-
Selves. >, ey
Iris better to dealewith a
Sew authentique and approy d
remedies; thento ‘venture upon
a world of unexperieuc d par-
ticular receipts. 3
XLIV.
Contra. :
Every violent vemedy is
pregnant of anew evill.
No man gives violent ad-
vice, but out of fury or feare. —
Susricrow. XLY.
Pro.
Diffidence dx the nerves of
wifdome;but [ufpiciona reme-
dyfor the joynéts.
That fyncerity is justly fn-
Spetked, which [ufpicion wea-
Contra.
Sufpicion breaks the bond
of faith.
The distemper of fufpicion,
is a kind of Civile Madneffe.
kens
Or LEARNING.
Jot US VOL avo a dinum
kens or overtbrowes.
Sufpicion defeats an incon--
o flant integrity; but confirmes
a flrong and refolute.
Bir Vi;
The words of Law. XLVL
| Pro.
Tt is no expofition, Lut a di-
« vination , which departs from
the letter.
When there is made a de-
parture from the letter of Law,
the judgesof an interpreter, be-
comes a Law-giver. |
Contra.
Out of all the words in the
generality, (uch a fence muft be
extrathed, as may expound the
mind of every particular pa[-
fage.
The worft tyranay, is Law
upon the rack.
For witnefles againft Arguments. XLVIL
Pro.
He that relies spon Argu-
‘ments, defines according tothe
pleader , not according to the
caufe.
He that give s credit rather
to Arguments , then witnelfe;
- mult withall truft more to wit,
then fence.
It were a fafe way to be-
lieve Arguments of Reafon, of
menwere not guilty of Ab(urdi-
ties again{t Reafon.
Arguments brought againft
Teftimonies accomplifh thus
much. that tbe cafe feems
Strange, but not that it feems
true.
SÍ 1
Contra.
If proofs by witne[Jey areto
be preferr d before Proofsfrom
Reafen, then there needs no
more adoes but that the Fudge
be not deafe.
Arguments are an Antidote
againft the poifon of TeStimo-
nies.
Tbofe kind of Proofs are
mof? (afely believed, which doe
moft (eldome lye.
Now
324 Or Tug ADVANCEMENT
Now thefe Antitheta which we have propounded, are
not perchance fo much worth; but being they were prepa- .
redand collected by us long agoe, we were loath the dili-
gence of our youth fhould perifh: {pecially feeing they are
(ifone exaétly confider them) feeds, and not Flowers. But
hereinthey doe plainly breath a youthly heate, inthat they
are fo plentifull in the morall or DemonStrative kind, fo
thinne and {paring in the Deliberative and Judiciale.
* IV. Athird colle&ion which pertainesto Preparatory
E [Tore or ProvifinandisD g& ? 1 cy £N Y... isthat which we
NORES. thinkfit to call Fog MurE MriNonrs Leffer Formes
or Stiles of Speech. And thefe are (as it were) the Portals
Pofterne-dores; outer Roome, Back roomes, Paflages of
fpeech, andthe Like; which indifferently may ferve for all
fubjects. Such are Prefaces,Conclufions, Digreffions, Tranfi-
tions» Promifes, Excufations, and many of like nature. For
asin Building there is great Pleafure and ufe in the well.
cafting of the Frontifpieces, ftaire-cafes; doores, windowes;
entries, paffages and the like: fo in{peech of the acceflory
conveyances and interpofures,be decently and skilfully con-
trived and placed, they are of {peciall ornamentand effect;
to the whole ftru&ture of the (peech. Of thefe Formule, we
will propofe an exrmple or two» and flay no longer upon
them. For although they be matters of no {mall ufe; yet be-
' caufe weadde nothing here of our own; but defcribe the
naked Formes only, out of DemoSibenes or Cicero, or fome
other fele& Author,they may feem a more triviall and com-
mon obfervation , than that we fhould waft ‘much time
therein.
EXAMPLES OF MINOR
FORMES,
A Conclufion of a fpeech Deliberative.
“So wee may both redime the Fault which: *Pa[Jed, and
“with the fame diligence provide againft future Inconveniences.
The
Or LEARNING. Lr». VI.
The Corollary of an accurate Partition. "
* That every one may under[land. that F [eek motte balke any
‘thing by filence, or tocloud any thing by words.
A Tranfition With a Caveat.
Bus let us fo pa[fe by thefe, that reflecting upon them, and
keeping them within view, we may leave them.
A preoccupation againft an inveterate opinion.
Ifball (2 openthe matter as you may underftandinthe whole
manage of the bufine[[z what the cafe it elfe bath brought forth;
what error hath faftned upon it ; what envy batb raid. And
let thefe fuffice for example, where with (annexing two
Rhetoricall Appendices ) which refpect the Prompruary
Part we conclude. |
SEES SESS SSIS ELS P BR P RO ER PS Sh LS PEEP ES IER
CAP. IV.
I. Two Generall Appendices of the Art of Delivery, Art
Criticall. 11. And Pedanticall.
metas Here remaines two Appendices in generall, touching
4 Ae the Tradition of knowledge; the one Criticall the other
RAS, “Pedanticall. Forasthe principall part of Tradition
of Knowledge confifteth in writing of books; fo the relative
part thereof confifts in reading of Books: but reading is go-
verned and directed;either bythe help of Preceptors and
Tutors; or perfited by every mans particular and proper en-
deavour and induftry: and to this purpofe conduce thofe
two knowledges whereof we have fpoken. Tothe (riticall
part appertaines; firSt,an emaculate correction and amended edi-
tion of approved Auctors; Ni hereby both thehonour of Au-
tors themfelves is vindicated, and a light given to the ftu-
dious Readers. Wherein nevertheleffe, the rafh diligence
of ome writers hath done great prejudice to ftudies. For it
Si3 is
325
Os Tug ApdvaNCEMENT
isthe manner of many Critiques, when they fall upon a
paffage which they doe not underftand, prefently to pre-
fumea fault inthe copy. As in that place in Tacitw, when a
certain Colony inthe open Senate, claimed the priviledge
of an A/ylum, Tacitus reportsthat the realons they preferr’d
were not much favour'd by the Emperour and the Lords of
the Senate; wherefore the Embaffadors miftrufting the
iffue of the bufineffe; gavea round fumme of mony to Titus
Viniw, that he would mediate their caufe, and take upon
him the protection of their liberties; by this means their pe-
tition washeard and granted; Tum dignitas à? antiquitas Co-
lonia yaluit. faith Tacitus, as if the arguments that feemed
light before, were now made waighty,through bribes,and
corruption. Butone of the Critiques;a man ofno obfcure
note, hath expunged the word Tum, and in ftead thereof,
putin Tastum. And by this perverfe cuftome of Critiques,
it comes to paffe (as one wifely noteth) that the moft corre&led
copies, are commonly the leaft corre& Nay (to {peak truth) un-
leffe the Critiques be wellskilld in the knowledges, hand-
led in the Books which they fet forth, their diligence is
with perill,and prejudice. Secondly there appertaines to the
Critique Artsthe Expofition,and Explication of Auctors, by com-
mentaries , Scholies,NotessSpicilegies, and the like. In labours
of this kindsthat worft difeafe of Critiques hath ceas'd on
many; that they blanch and wave many obícurer paflages,
and {uch as are plaine and perfpicuous, thole they dwell
and expatiate upon; even toa faftidious tedioufneffe; and it
is nocío much intended; that the Auctor may be illumina-
ted, as that the Critique may take occafion hereby to glorify
himfelfe, in his multiplicious and various learning. It could
be efpecially wifhed (although this point belongs to 7radi-
tion in chiefe, and not to Appendices) that the writer
which handles obfcure and noble Arguments, fhould an-
nexe his own explications; that neitherthetextit felfe may
be broken off, by Digreffious and Explications; and that the
Annotations may not depart from the mind and intentiou
ofthe writer. Some fuch thing we conceive of Theos upon
Euclid.
Or Learnine. Lis. VI. 327
Euclid. Thirdly it belongs to Critique Art (from whence it
derivesthe name ) tointerpofe a brief cen(ure and judgement
the Auttors which they publifb, andto compare and valew them
Bp Auttors upon the fame fubjett: That by fuch a cen-
rethe Learned and ftudious, may be both advertised of
the choice of Books; and come better provided to the per-
ufeing ofthem. This laft duty is, as it weres the Chaire of
the Critiques, which many greatand famous men in our age
have ennobled, greater furely in our judgement, chan for the
model of Critiques. 3
IL — For Pedanticall knowledge, it were {oon {aid, con/ult
- the Scholes of the Ie[uites, for thereis nothing for theufe and
practice better then their Precepts: but we will according to
our manner, as it were, cleaning a few eates, give fome few
advertifements. We doe by all means approve a (Collegiat edu-
cation and Inftitutionof Childhood and. Youth, not in private
houfes, noronly under Schoolemafters. ‘There is in Col-
ledges a greater emulation of Youth towards their equalls,
befides, there isthe fight and countenance of Grave men,
which feems to command modefty ^ and fafhions and
moulds tender minds, even from: their: fitft growthto the
fame Patterne: in fome there are many other utilities of Cof-
degias Education.
°§ Fortbeorderand manner of Difcipline, this 1 would
principally advile; that Youth beware of compends and abridge-
ments, and too forward maturation of knowledge whichmaks men
bold and confident ; and rather wants great proceeding than cau/-
ethit. UC VEVIS- 3H gps |
§ Further thereis an indulgence to be given to the liberty
aand vent of nature in particulars,as if there be any which per-
formes fuch taskes as ‘the’ difcipltite of ‘the place requires;
and yet withall fteales fome howets to beftow on other
ftudies, to which he hath a naturall propenfity; fuch a dif-
pofition by no means fhould cime orreftraind .— —
78 Againe, it willbe worth the painesdiligently to ob-
| ferve (which perchance-hetherso hath not bin noted) that
there are two waies, and they as it were, reflexively pee
| ite
318
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
fite of training up of wits, and of exercifing and preparing
them. The one begins withthe more ealy precepts, and by de-
grees leads us tothe more difficult; the other at firft commands
and pre[Jetb more difficult prati[es, which when they are con-
quered , the other fweetly yeeld and are won with eafe. For
itis one Method to practife fwimming by bladders which
lift up, and an other Method to practife dauncing with hea-
vy fhooes, which preffe down the Body; and itis not eafy
to expreffe; how much a wife intermixtion of thefe Me-
thods, conduceth tothe advanceing of the faculties, both of
Mind and of the Body.
§ Sothe Application and Election of [Judies according to the
proprtety of wits which areinftrutted, is a matter of fingularufe
and judgement; atrue and pevfit difcovery whereof, Schoolema-
flers and Tutors oeto the Parents of Children,from whom they
nay expect [uch informations, that fotbey may the better advife
uponthe particular courfe of life, unto which they would defigne;
and dedicate their fonnes. Butthis alfoistobe exactly obfer-
ved that not only exceeding great progrefsion may be made
inthofe ftudies, to which-aman is fwayed by a naturall
proclivity; butalfo that there may be found, in Studies pro-
perly feleéted for that purpofe, cures and remedies to pro-
mote fuch kind of knowledge, to the imprefsions whereof,
aman may, by fome imperfe&ion of nature,be moft unapt
andinfufiicient. As for example , if a man be Bird-witted,
that is,quickly carried away and hath not the patient facul:
ty of attention,the Mathematiques gives aremedy thereunto,
wherein, if the wit be caught away but fora moment, the
demonftration is new to beginne. 2.
§ Soof exercifes in cotrfe of teaching , there # matter of
great confequence: but there isa point herethat bath bin noted of
few, tharthere fhould be of exercifes, not only a wife institution,
but alloawife intermiffion... \t hath bin excellently obferved
by Cicero, That in exercifes it often falls out.that men prattife as
well their faults as their faculties, {o that an ill habit is fome-
. times gotten and infinuates. it felfe cogither with a Good;
wherefore it is alafer way te break off exercifes , and after
ta
i
Or LEARNING. Lis. VI. 329
tofall tothem againe, than inceffantlyto purfueand preffe
them. But of thefe enough.Certainly thefe things at firft view
feem no fuch (olemne and grave matters, yetare they inthe
iffue found efficacious and ufefull. For asin Plants, the
wronging or cherifhing of ‘them whilethey are Young is
that; that is moft important to their thriving or. milcarry-
ing: or as the immenfe greatnefle of the ftate of Rome, is by
{ome defervedly attributed to the virtue and wifdome of
thofe fixe Kings, which were as Tutors and Fofter-fathers
ofthat ftate in the Infancy thereof: fo furely the culture and
manurance of minds in young and tender years, hath fucha
forcible operation (though unfeen and not obvious to every
mans obfervation )w hich neither length of time, or afsidui-
ty and contention of Labour in ripet age afterwards, can a-
ny way countervaile. And itis notamiffeto obferve how
fmalland mean faculties, ifthey fall into Great men, orup-
on Great matters, doe fometimes work Great and impor-
tant effects. Hereof we will fet downe a memorable example;
which we the rather note, becaufe the Jefuices them-
felves feem not to defpife this kind of Difcipline, in our o-
pinionupon found judgement, and it isa matter,which if
it be made profeffory,is ignominious, ifdifciplinary, one of
the beft qualities: We mean Action upon the flage; asthat which
flrengthens memory, moderates the tone and emphafis of voice,
4nd Pronunciation; compo[es tbe cowntenance and geSture to a
Decorum, procures good affurance, and likewifeinureth Youth to
the facesof Men. The example fhall be taken out of Tacitus,
of one Vibulenw; who had bin fometimes an Aor upon
the Rage, but at that time a common fouldierin che Panno-
nianGarrifons. This fellow upon the death of Auguftus
had raisd a mutiny, fo that Ble/u the Livetenant,commit-
tedfome ofthe mutinersto Prifon; but the fouldiers by vio-
lent imprefsion brake openthe Prifons, and fecthem at li-
herty; & Cibulenm about to make a Tribunitiall fpeech be-
fore the Souldiers, began in this manners * You have gi- Anal. 1:
* venlightand life, tothefe poore innocent wretches; but
* whoreftores my brotherto me, orlife unto my brother,
t that
839
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
« that was fent hether in meffage from the Legions of Ger-
“many, to treate of the common caufe, and he hath mur-
* thered him thislaft night by fome of his Fencers, chat he
* hath about him for his executionersupon fouldiers. An-
* (wver Ble/w, where haft thof thrown his body? the moft
“mortall enimies, doe not deny buriall : when Ihave per-
“formed my laft duties unto the corpes with kiffes, with
* tears; command me tobe flaine befides him; fo thacthefe
“my fellowes for our good meaning, and our true hearts
“tothe Legions, may have leave toburyus. With which
{peech, heputthe Army into fuch an infinite fury and a-
maze, that ifit had not incontinently appeard, that there
was no fuch matter, and that he never had any brother; the
Souldiers would hardly have fparedthe Lievetenants life;
for he played it merely,as if it had bin fome interlude upon
the Stage.
$ Nowwearecome toa period of our Treatife con-
cerning Rational knowledges, wherein if we have (ometimes
departed from the receiv'd partitions, yet letno man think
that we difallow all thofe Partitions which we have not u-
fed. for there is a double necefsity impofed upon us; of al-
tering the Divifions, Theone becaufe tbefe two, namely to fort
topitber thofethings which are next in nature, and to calt into one
Pilethofethings which are next in ufe, are in their end and pur-
pofe altogiter differing. For example;A Secretary of a Prince
or of Eftate, (o digefts his Papers, without doubt, in his ftu-
dy, as he may fort togither things of like nature, as Treaties
apart, Inftructions apart, Forraine letters, Domeftique let-
ters; all apart by themfelves; on the-contrary in fome parti-
cular Cabinet, he forts togither thofethat he were like to
ufe togither,though of feverall nature: fo in this generall
Cabinet of knowledge, we were to fer downe Partitions ac-
cording to the nature of thingsthemfelves; whereas if any
particularfcience were to be handled; we fhould have re-
{pected the divifions fitteft for ufe and practice. The other
reafon of changing the Divifion tts becaufe the adjeétion of Defr-
cients to Sciences; and the reduttion of them into an intire Body,
did
Or Learnine. Lis. VI.
did by confequence, alter the Partition of the Sciences tbemfelves,
For admitthe Arts which are extant(for demonftratié fake )
be in number 15. and the Deficients fuperadded make up
the number 20. I fay that the Parts of 15. are notthe parts of
20, forthe parts of 15. are3. and 5. but the parts of 20.
are 2.4.5. and 10. fo isit plaine thele could
not otherwiíe be. And fo much
of Logicall Sciences.
231
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$9299$9895992959$55$9
«PSIVUUPUIPUUIUPuUPUIUIDIUAS
THE SEVENTH BOOK OF
FRANCIS LO. VERVLAM
VICOUNT S ALBAN.
OR FOE
DIGNITY AND ADVANCEMENT
OF LEARNING.
Tothe K ING.
CAP. I.
I The Partition of Morale knowledge, into the Doctrine of Exemplar,
or Platforme; and into the Georgiques or Culture of the Mind.
§ The Divifion of the P/atferme of Good, into Good Simple, and
Good Compar'd. M. The Divifion of Good fimple, into Individual
Good, and Good of Communion.
PGW EE are now come (Excellent Kine) sato
NAGS, Morale knowledge » which refpetteth and hatdleth
% iN Avs tbewillof Man: Right Reafon governes the will.
AUTE Good Apparent [educetb it; the Incentives of the will
are the Affeétions, the Organs and voluntary Moti-
ons,are bir Minifters, ofthisfaculty Salomon faiths Above all prov, xv;
keepingsskeep thy Heart, for out of it iffuesthe a€tions of life. In
handling of this Science,thofe which have written thereof,
feem to me to have done, as if a man that profeffed the Art
of writing fhould only exhibite faire copies of Alphabets and
letters joyned, without giving any precepts for the carriage ~
of the hand and framing of the Characters. fo have they
propounded unto us good ie: faire examples and draughts,
t 3 or
Ariftot.
Eth, lib.2.
In Epift.
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
"or accurate portraitures of Good, Virtue, Duties, Felicity, as
the true objects and {copes of mans Will and Defires:but how
totakea juftlevell acthefe marks (excellent indeed and by
them well fet downe) that is, by what precepts and directi-
ons; the Mind may be fubdued and framed, to purfue and
attaine them, eitherthey pafle it over alcogither, or performe
it lightly and unprofitably. Itis notthe difputeing that Mo-
rall virtues are inthe mind of Man by habit, and not by Nature;
or formally diftinguifhing between Generous fpirits and the
obfcure vulgar; that thofe are wonne by thewaight of Reafons,
thefe by reward and *Punifbment ; or the witty precept, that
tore if y the mind of man, it muf like a flafe, be bowed the con-
trary way to its inclination. and the like glances; (cattered here
and there. Thefe and chelikeare farre {hort of being a juft
excufe of the deficience of that thing, which now we feeke.
The reafon of thts neglect I fuppofe to be , that hidden Rock,
whereupon (0 many Barkes of Knowledges have runne and bin
caft away; which à» that writers de[pife to be comver[ant in ordi-
nary and common matters; which are neither fubtile enough for
Difputation , nor flourifhing enough for Ornament. Verily it
cannot eafily be expreffed , what calamity this thing we
now fpeak of hath brought upon Sciences; that out of an
imbred Pride and vaine-glory,men have made choice of {uch fube
jes of Difcourfe,and of [uch a manner Q9 method of bandlingsas
may commend rather their own wit, than confult the Readers pro-
fit. Seneca faith excellently, Nocet illis eloquentia, quibui nom
rerum facit cupiditatem, fed [Wi For writings fhould be fuch,
as fhould make men in love with the Leffons, and not with
the Teachers. "Thereforethey take arightcourle, which
canopenly avouch the fame of their Counfils , which De-
mo{thenes once did, and can conclude with this claufe, which
of you put in executions you Shall not only commend the Orator f.v
the inStant, but your {elves likewifey not long after » ina mure
profperow flateof. your affaires. As for my felfe ( Excellent
Kina) te [peak thetruth of my felfe, I have cfien wittingly and
willingly neglected the glory of mine own Name, and Learning,
(if any fuch thing be) both in the works I now publi(h, and in thofe
um
OrLearnine. Lis. Vi. Ry
F contrive for hereafter; whileSt I fludy to advance the good and ~~
profit of mankind. And I, that have deferv' dsperchanee,to be an
Architect in Philofophy and Sciences, am made aWork-man and
a Labourer ,and at length anything elfe. wbatfoever, feeing T
fuflame and work out my felfe, many things that must needs be
done; and others out of anaturall difdaine [bift off and refufe +o
doe. But, (to recurne toche matter) which we were about
to fay,Philofophers in Morall Science, have chofen to themfelves
arefplendent and luftrous ma[Je of matter, whereinthey may most
glorify themfelves, for [barpne[Je of wit, or Strength of Eloquence:
but [uch precepts as [pecially conduce to practice , becaufe they
cansot be fo fet out, and invefted with the ornaments of [peech,
they have in amanner paff d over in filence. Neither needed
men of fo excellent parts,to have defpaired of a fortune like
that, which the Poet Virgil , had the confidence to promife
to himfelfe, and indeed obtaind; who got as much glory of
Eloquence, Wit, and Learning, inthe exprefsing of the ob-
fervations of husbandry, as in defcribeing the Heroicall Acts
of Aneas. |
Necfum animi dubius, verbis ea'pincefe magnum,
Quam ft, «7 angu[Hs bit addere rebus bonorem.
And furely ifthe purpofe be in good earneft, not to write
at leafure , that which men may read at leafure , but really
toinftrué and be a fubfidiary to Active life; thefe Gror-
Gtques Or Mans Minp, oughtto be had in as great e-
ftime with men, as thofe heroicall portraitures of Virtue,
Goodneffe, and Felicity, whereinfo much labour and coft
hath bin beftowed.
1l. Wewvill therefore divide Morall Philofophy , into
two maine and Principall Knowledges; the one concerning
the Exemplar or Image of Goods the other concerning, the Regi-
ment and Culture of the Mind,which we aré wont to call the
GeorciQues Or THe Mrwnp: that defcribes
the Nature of Good; this prefcribes rules; iow to fubdue and
accommodate the mind of Man thereunto: à
§ The Do&rinctouching the Platforme ; which veípects
and defcribesthe Nature of Good, confidere Good either Sim-
ple
Geor. 3:
336 Or THe ADVANCEMENT
ple or Compared, \ {ay either the kinds of Good, or the De-
grees of Good. Inthe latter ofthefe, thofe infinite Difpucati-
ons and fi peculations touching the (upreme degree of Good,
whichthey terme Felicity, Beatitudes the higheft good, (the
Do&trines of which were the Heathens Divinity)are by the
Chriftian Faith,taken away and difcharged. For as Arifto-
Rhetlike2-¢]/e faith, That Young men may be bappysbut not otberwife, but by
hope; {o muft we all, being fo taught by Chriftian Faith, ac-
knowledge our lelvestobe but children and in our Minori-
ty; and think of no other felicity than that which is inhope
of thefucure world. Freed therefore by happy fate from this
doctrine; which was the Heathens Heaven (wherein with-
out doubt, they attributed a higher elevation of mans Na-
ture, than it was capeable of, for we fee in what a height of
InPpift. tile Seneca writes, veré Magnum babere fragilitatem hominis,
fecuritatemDei we may certainly with leffe loffe of fobriety
and Truth, receive for moft part; the reft of their inquiries
concerning the do&rine of the Platforme. As concerning
the Nature of Good Pofitive and Simple, {urely they have fet it
out in beautifull colours and drawne itto the life; upon ex-
cellent Tables; reprefenting with exact diligence to the eyes
the Formes, Poftures,Kinds, Affinities, Parts, Subjetts, Pro-
vinces,Actions, Adminiftrations of virtues and Duties. Nor doe
they fo leave the purfuit; for they have commended and in-
finuated all thefe into the fpirit of man, with great quick-
neffe and vivacity of Arguments, and {weetneffe, and beau-
ty of Perfwafions; yea and fortified and intrenched the
~ fame (as much as difcours can doe) againft corrupt and
populare opinions and invafions. As touching the nature of
comparative good hey have allo well handledthat, in fetting
downe that triplicite Order of Good, i comparing contempla-
tivelifewith Aitive, in diftinguifbing baween virtue with re-
iu ation, and virtue (etled by[ecurity and confirmed: inthe con-
flict and eucewnter between bonefty and profit; inthe ballancing of
virtue with virtue, tofee which preponderates otber,and the like.
So asthis part touching the Platforme; I finde excellently la.
boured, and that the ancients hereinhave ihewed feme
. elves
Or Learnine. Lis. VIL
felves admirable men: yetío asthe pious and painfull dili-
gence of Divines, being practis’d in Dutiess Morall virtues,
Cafes of Con[ciencesand circum|criptions of finne have tarre out-
gone the Philofophers. Notwith(fanding ( to ieturne tothe
Philofophers) if before they had addrets*d chemfelves to the
popular and reciv'd notions of Virtue, Vice,Paine, Pleafure,
and the reft, they had ftayd a lide longer and had featched
the Rootes of Good and Evill, and the ftrings of thofe Rootes ;
they had given in my judgement a great light unto all
which might fall into enquirie afterwards: efpecially if
they had confulted as well with the Nature of things , as with
tbe Axioms of Moralitie they had made their Doctrines leffe
prolixe,and more profounde: which being by them eyther
altogither omitted, orvery confufedly handled, wee will
briefely reexamine and endeavour to open and cleare the
fprings of Morall habits, before we come unto the doctrine
ofthe (Culture or Manurance of the Minde , which we (et
downeasD E FIC I EN T. DL
I. "Thereis imbred and imiptinted in every thing an
appetite to a duple Nature of Good : the Oe a4 every thing is a
Torallor Subftantive in it felfe; the other as it 1 apart or membre
of ome greater Totall : and this latter is more excellent and
porent than the other, becaufe it cendetli to the confervation
of a more ample forme. The firSt may be called Tndividuallor
Jelfz-Goud; tbe latter the Good of Communion. Fron in a. parci-
cular Sympathie moves to the Leadffone, but yet if it exceed
acertaine Quantitiejitforfakes thofe affections, and like a
good Citizen & atrue Patriot moves to the Eatth,which is
the Region and Country of its connaturalls. To proceeda
licle further; Des/z and Majfie Bodies moveto the earth, to
the great Congregation of clofe-compa&ed Bodies; yetrather
thanto fuffera divulfion in the continuance of nature , and
that there fhould be, as they call it ,a Vacuum thefe Bodies
will move upwardssforfaking their dutie to the Earth, that
they may performe the generall duty they oweuntothe
World.So it is ever {een that the Confervation of the more gene-
vall and publique forme , commands and governs the leffer and
Uu move
37
m——————À—————————————»————— eee
338
St Paul
Rom.Ix.
tamb, in
vita.
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
more particular Appetites and Inclinations. But this Preroga-
tive of the Good of Communion is efpecially engraven upon
Man, if he degenerate not, according to that memorable
{peech of Pompeius Magnus, who being in Commision for
puryeyarce for a Famine at Rome, and being diffwaded
with great vehemence and inftance by his friends that hee
would not hazard himfelfe to Sea in an extremitie of wea-
thershe anfwered only this, Neceffe eft ut eamsnon ut vivam...
So as the love of life which in every Individuall Creature is
fo predominant an affetion,could not out-ballance his love
and loyaltieto the ftate. But why doe we dwell upon this
Point? Phere was never extant in any age ofthe world, ei-
ther Philofophy, or Sector Religion,or Lawy,or Dilcipline,
which hath fo highly exalted the Good of Communion and
depref?d Good private and particulare , as the Holy Christian
Faithswhereby it cleerely appeares 5 that it was one and the
{ame God that gave the Chriftian Law to Men; who gave
thofe Lawes of Nature to Creatures of inferior order.
Wherefore we read that many of the elect Saints of God
have rather wifhed themfelves anathematiz d and raz’d out
of the Book of Life than that their brethren fhould not attain
falvation; provoked through an extafie of Charitie and an
infinite feeling of the Good of Communion. Thisbeing fet
down and ftrongly planted,doth judge and determine many
of the profoundeft Controverfies in Morall Philofophie. For
firft,icdecideth the Queftion touching the preferment of the
Contemplative or Active life, and that againft the opinion of
Ariftotle: for all the reafons which he brings for the Contem-
plative,relpect a private Good , and the pleafure and dignitie
of an Individual only; in which refpe&s(no queftion) a
Contemplatixe life hath the preheminence. For the Contem-
plarive life is not much unlike to that comparifon to which
“Pythagoras made for the gracing and magnifying of Philo-
Sophie and Contemplation who being askt by Hiero what he
was,anfwered; “ That if Hiero were ever at the Olympian
« Games be knew the manner that [ome came to trie their fortunes
«for the, prizes; andfome came as Merchants to utter their com-
; “ modities
UNLrARNING JEN VIR. 339
* modities; and [ome came to make good cheere ; to be merry, and
« to meet with their friends, and (ome came to look,on and that hee
*c was one of them that came to look on. But men mult know
that inthis Theatre of Mans life,it is referved onley for God
and.Angels,to be Lookers on. Neither furely could ithave
binthat any doubrtouching this point, fhould ever have
bin rais din the Church (notwithftanding that faying was
frequent in many mens Mouths , Pretiofa in oculis Domini fil. exei;
mor: [antlorum ejus: by which place they ufe to exalt their
(Civile Death and the Lawes of a Monaftique and Regulare
courfe of life,)but upon this defencesthat the Monafticall life
is not fimply Contemplative ; but is altogether converfant in
Ecclefiastique Duties {uch as are inceffant Prayer ; Sacrifices
of Vowes performed to God;the writing alfo, in fuch great
leafure, Theologicall Books for the propagation of the
knowledge ofthe Divine Law;as Mofes did when he abode = x
fo many daies inthe reti? dfecrefie ofthe Mount. And fo we
fee Enoch the feventh from Adam, who feemes to be the firft
founder ofa Contemplative life, (for he is (aid to have walked c...
with God) yet endowed the Church with à Book of Pro- —
phecieswhich is alfo cited by St Iude.But as for a. seere Con- In Epift:
templative life , and terminated in itfelfe;whichcafteth no.
Beames of heat or light upon humane fociety; affuredly Di-
vinity knowes it not. It decides alío the Queftion contro-
verted with {uch heat between the Schooles of Zeno and
Socratesson the onefideswho placed Felicitiein Virtue fim-
ple or attended which hath a greatfhare in the Duties of life:
and on the other fide other Sects and Profefsions , as the
Schooles of the Cirenaiques and Epicureans, who placed it in
pleafure, and made Virtue, (as it is ufed im ome Comoedies,
where the Miftreffe and the Maid change habits ) to be but
as a hand-maid , without which Pleafure cannot be well
waited and attended upon ; as alfo that other; as it were, re-
formed Schoole of Epicurut, which afleried Felicity to be Laert.in
nothing elfe than a Tranquilitie and Serenitie of Minde free vit
-and void of all Perturbations ; as if they would have depo-
fed Fupiter from his Throne and reftored Satürne with the
Vv 2 Golden
Or TuE ADVANCEMENT
——
Golden Age, when there wasno Summer nor Winter, nor
Spring nor Autumne; but all after one Aire and Seafon.
Laftly-che exploded Schoole of Pyrrhoand Herillw, which
placed Felicity in the utter extinction and extirpation of all
the fcruples and difputes of the mind, making no fixt and
conftant nature of Good, and Evill, but eftiming Actions
Good or Evill, as they proceed from the Mind in a cleere
and refolute motion; or contrariwife with 'averfatiori and
zeluctance. Which opinion notwithftanding hath revived
inthe Erefy of the Anabaptifts, who meafur'd all things ac-
cording tothe Motions (9 Inftinéts of tbe [pirit and the constan-
cy, orwavering of Beliefe. Butit is manifeft thatall this we
have recited, tendsto private repofe and complaeency of
Mind, and no way tothe Pointof Society, and the Good of
Communion. Againe, itcenfures alfo the Philofophy of E-
Epi&t.En« Pééetws who laies downe this prefuppofitions That felicity
chir.
Arriane
Lib. 1.
« muft be placed in thofe. things which are inour power , lest we
* be liable to fortune and difturbance,as if it werenota thin
much more happy; to be diftributed and fruftrated ofa good
fucceffe in worthy and generous intentions and ends,
which: concerne the Publique Good sthan to obtaine all
that ve can wifhto our felves, in thofe things which
referre to our “Private Fortune. As Confalyo Íhewing
his Souldiers Naples, bravely protefted, That he had ra-
ther runne bimfelfe upon. certaiue ruine with one foot for-.
ward, than to have bis life fecur d for long > by one foot of re-
retrait. Whereuntothe wifdomeof that heavenly leader
Prov. xv, and commander hath fign’d, who hathaffirm’d, That a good
confcience is acontinuall feaf]5 by which words is plainly fig-
nifieds chat a Mind Confcious of good Intentions, however fac-
ceeding, affords more folid and fincere joy, and to nature more a-
greeable, than allthat provifion wherewith man may be furnifht
either for the fruition of bis depres, ortherepofe of bis Migd. It
^ eenfüreth likewife that abufe of Philofophy, which grew
genetallaboutthetime of Epicfetws which was, that Philo-
Jóphby was converted into a. profeffory kind of life, and as it
were into an Occupation or Art; as if the purpofeof Philo-
Íophy
Or LramgNIXG, Lis. VII. 341
———— ———— —À
fophy, was notto repreffe and extinguifh perturbations but
to Hy and avoid the caufesand occafions of them; and there-
fore to fhape a particular kind and courfe of life to that end;
introducing indeed fuch a kind of health of mind, as was
that of Herodicus in body, whereof Ariftotle makes menti-
on, which was, that be did nothing all his life long but intend
bis health, and therefore abftaind from infinite number of
things, being amerc d by the fruition of his body: whereas
ifmen referre themíelves to duties of focietys that health of
Body is principally to be defired, which may beft endure
and overcome all alterations and extremities: fo likewile
that mind is properly found and ftrong, which can breake
through che moft and greateft temptations and percurbati-
ons. Soas Diogenes feemsto have fpoken well, who com-
mends thole powers of the Mind, which were able not warily ^x:
toabftaine but valiantly tofuftainesand which could refraine ete
the violent encounter of the Mind, evenin the fteepeft Pre- Stoic.
cipices, and which could give untothe Mind (which is Milo
commended in well-broken horfes )the fhorteft ftoppe and
turne. Laftly, ircenfures the tenderneffe and the want of
Morigerous application, noted in fome of the moft ancient
and reverend Philofophers, that did retire too eafily from
Civile bufineffe, thatthey might difchargethemfelves of all
indignities and perturbations, and fo might live, in their o-
pinion, moreunftained, and as it were, fanctified iperfons,
Whereas the refolution of a man truly morall, ought to be
fuch, asthe (ame Con[alvo required in a fouldier , which is
that his Honour fhould be woven é Tela Crafiore, and not
fo fine as thatevery thing fhould catch in it, and teare it.
Uy Binns Car.
~ ae
A&.20.
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
dede SELES ELIS SE PSS PEST PPP EG d eee Pb bei p tpeb
CAP. Ii.
'] ‘ThePartition of Particular er private Good, into Good Active, and
Good Pafive. 11. TheDivifion o/ Geed Pafive, into Confervas
tive Good, and Perfective Good. 11. TheDivifionofthe Good
of Communion into Generalland Refpective Duties.
aioe? Herefore let us now refume and profecute firft
2 NS 3 Private or Particulare Good : we will divide it
(39909 into Good Aéfive and Good Paffive, for this diffe-
rence of Good. ( not unlike furely to thofe Appellations,
which amongft the Romans, were familiar in their Houfe-
hold Termes of Promw and Condus) is found imprels'd in
the whole courfe of Nature: but chiefly difclofeth it felfe in
thetwo feverall Appetites of Creatures ; the one of Con-
ferving and fortifying chemfelves; the other of multiplying and
dilating themíelves; and this latter which is Aéfive, and as it
weresthe Premus feemsto bethe more powerfull and the
more worthy; but the former which is Paffive, and; as it
were, the Condussmay betaken as inferior and leffe worthy.
For inthe uniyerfal frame of Nature, the Heavenly nature
is chiefly the Agent; the Terreftriall nature the Patient: fo in
the Pleafures of living Creatures, the pleafure of Generation
is greater, then that of Nutrition: and in the divine Oracles
itis pronounced, Beatins effe dare quam accipere. Nay farther,
in the common courfe of lifesthere is no mans fpirit fo foft
and effeminate; but eftimes the effecting, and bringing to
fomeiffuethat which he hath fixtin his defire; more than
any fenfuality or pleafure. And certainly chis preheminence
of AGive Good, is infinitely exalted from the confideration
of our humane condition, that it is mortal , and alfo expo-
fedto the ftroak of Fortune : for if there could be obtained,
alicence of perpetuity and certainty in humane Pleafures,
their price would be advanced, for their fecurity and conti-
nuance. And inasmuch as we fee, that the fumme of all
comes
Or Learnine. Lits. VH. 343
er
comes to this; Magni oflimamus mort tardims; Et ne glorieris de
craStino:, ne[cis partum Diei: itis no wonder if with. all con-
tention of [pirit, we purfue thofe things, which are. fecur’d
and exempt from the i injuries and affronts of time: and thefe
things canbe nothing elfe but only our deeds, as itis faid,
opera eorum fequuntur eos. "s Apocxry:
§ There is likewife another preheminence of ‘Good
Aétive of import, implanted in; and {upported by that affe-
ction, which cleaves clofe to mans nature,as an individuate
companion; which is the love of Novelty aii Variety. And
this Affection in the pleafures of the fences (which are the
very principall part of Pafive Good) is exceeding narrow
and hath no great latitude ; Doe bat think (faith Seneca) how sen alicubi;
often you have acted over the fame things, Meat, Sleep, Mirth;
we runne round in this circle, to be willing to dye; t not only 4 Ya-
liant ,or awretched; or a wife man may, but even afaflidiou and
nicenature may. Butinthe Enterprifes, Purpofes and Pur-
fuits of our life,there is much variety, whereofwe are fen-
füble in our inceptions, progrefsions; relts, recoiles to redin-
tegrate our forces, approaches; attainings and the like, fo as
it was very well faid, vita fine Propofitolanguida & vaga est: senin Ep: :
which indifferently befalis both tothe wife and unwife; às
faith Solomon, Alight-brain'd man» feeks tofatisfy bis fancy, and Prov.
intermixeth bimfelfe i in allthings. Nay we fec likewife, that
many great Princes, who may have at command whatfoe-
ver can delight the, Senfes, notwithftanding many times;
have procured to themfelves poore defires; and (ettheit
hearts upon toies; (as Nero, in playing upon the Harpe, (om-
modusin playing at Fence; Antoninus in driving Chariots, and
others.taken up with other delights) which to them were
more acceptable than all the affluence of fenfual Pleafures:
fo much greater refre[bing and contentment it isto goe forwardin
Aion than to Stand at a Bay in fruition. This, in the mean,is
to be fomewhatmore diligently noted; thatthis 4&ive indi:
viduall Good, altogither differs from the good of Society,
thoe oftentimes they are coincident ; for althoe that
Particular Agtive Good, doth many times breed, and a
orth
344 Or. THE ADVANCEMENT
forth Ads of Beneficence which is a virtue of Communion ; yer
here’s the difference ,thatthofe Aéts are by moft men perfor-
med, not with intention to benefit and make happy o-
thers, but meerely in a private refpect to themfelves,& their
own power and amplif cation. This beft appeares when
Good Aétive lights upona fubje&t which is contrary to the
Good of Communion: for chat Gigantive ftate of minde which
polfeffeth thetroublers of the world ( fuch as was L. Sylla,
and infinite others,thoe ina far {maller Modell) who feeme
to endeavour this,to have all men happy or unhappy as they
weretheir Friends or Enimies , and that the world might
beare their {tamp and be formdto their humours ( which is
the true Theomachies) this I {ays afpires to Atdive Particulare
Good,at leaftin appearance,altho itdoth moft of all recede
from the Good of Societie.
I. But wewill divide Pafive Good into Good Confzrya-
tive and Good Perfeétive. For there isimplanted in every
thing atriple Appetite in refpe&t of Private or Particular
Good, the firft of preferving or continuing it (elfe 5 the fecond of
advancing and perfecting it felfe,the third of multiplying and ex-
tending it felfe: but this laft Appetite is referr’d to Active
Good,whereot we fpake even now. There remaine there-
fore the two other kindes of Geod, of which the Perfeétive
excells; foritis leffeto conferve a thing in itsnaturall ftates
but greater to advance the fame thingto a higher nature;
forthere are found through all Effences fome nobler na-
tures;to the dignity and excellency whereof inferiour na-
tures doe afpireas to their originals and fprings. So concer-
ning Men,the Poetdoth not impertinently defcribe,
Ignew eft Ollts vigor à? Celeftis Origo;
Mans affumption or approach to a divine or Angelicall Na-
ture isthe perfection of his Forme ; a depraved and prepo-
fterous imitation of which Perfeétive Good, is the deftruati-
on ofhumane life and a violent Tempeft which beares
dewne and ruines all;that is, while men infteed of a formal
and effential advancementare carried in a blinde Ambiti-
on to an Advancement onely Locall. For asthofe which are
fick
Virg.n,6
OrvLeg&ewrwG ^ Bist WIE |
fickand finde no Remedie doe tuitible üp'and downe and
change placesas if by a remove Locall , they could obtaine a
remove internall and fhift of their difeafe ? fo it is itt Ambi-
groin that men being poffefs'dsànd led away with a'falfe re-
femblance: of exalting their riature-, purchafe nothing elfe
bucan eminenceand celfitude of Place. |
_ys§ But Good Confervative is tro other then the reception and
— feuition of things agreeable’ to our Nature; 3nd this Good tho
inbee moft (imple and Native ; yecfeemes it co be of all
ether kinds of Good thefotteft anid loweft. And this Good alfo
admits a differences which hath neither bin well judg d of,
"nor well inquired; fotthe Gord of Fruition, or (asit is com-
monly called) the dignitie and*commendation of delight-
fall Good ; is placed either in the Syncerity ofthe Fruition, ox
in the quickae[fe aud vigor of it; whereof the one is fuperia-
duced by: Equality;the other by Variety and ^Cicifcitude : the
one having ailefle mixture of Evill j the other à more ftrong
and lively imprefsiomof Grod. But of thefe whether is the
greater Goad:, isa queftion contfoverted ; But whether a mans
nature maybe capableofboth at'once is a’qtieftion not inquired.
§ Astouching that whereofa Queftionisrais d:a Con-
troverfie bégan to be debated between Socrates anda So-
Peace and Tranquility of minde; but the Sophift inthis, That 4
man defire mich,and enjoy much. And fo they fell from Argu-
ments to ill words; the Sophiftsfaying that Socrates Felicity
was the Felicity of a block or Stone ; Socrates on che other fides
That the Sophifts Felicitie was the Felicitie of one that had the
Fitch who did nothing but itch and fcratcb. And both thefe opi-
nions doe not wanttheirlupports ; for to Socrates opinion
affents eventhe Schoole of Epicurus which deemes not but
that Virtue beareth a great part in Felicitie ; and iffo, Cer-
taine it is,that Virtue hath more ufe in cleering Perturbations,
then in compaffing defires. The Sophitts opinion is much fa-
voured by the affertion we laft {pake of ; namely that Good
Perfetliveis greater than Good Prefervative , becanfe the ob-
taining of things defired,feemes by ene to perfi nature, which
x
thoug h
345
Plato in
A vm "ofr od a
phifts Socrates affirm d; That Felicitie was placed in a constant Go
rg.
346
——
Or THE ADVANGEMENTO . |
ee nak M dolis ened Aer Sov is NINE
though it doe not doe it indeed, yet the: best yttiau 3h ftf in: sap.
Inven.
Satir. 10,
cle hath a [bew of Progrefiive Motian.
—.$ Butthefecond Quetion,whaber idilseidboler ""
not at once retainesboth thetnanquilitie of. Minde and the aébipe
vigor of fruition) decided, the true! ‘way makes the forme
idle and fuperfluous. For doe we not often feaithat fone
menare{o fram d.and compoled. by nature) asithey aré'ex-
tremely, affeéted with pleafutes while: they are prefent ard
yet axe.got gready troubled. atthe leaving or: laffe-of chem;
So as che Philofophicall confequenee, Nowe utis sion appetas,
non appetere 1 ut non metudsy feemes té-be the réfülutioncofa -
poore and diffident Ípirit;. Surely moftoof the Doctrines of
Philofophers feemeto be fomewhat more featefull &! cau
tionary,then the nature of things: xequirech; as whenthey.
encreafe the feare of death by curing it for when they
would have a mans wholelife tobebuta difcipline orprex
parationto die;h ow can it-be thac.that enimie fhould aot
feeeme wonderfull terrible ;againftwhom there is no end
of pre paring? k better faith the Poet thoeia Heathen,» May,
Qui pacium vite iedprenp s dn porak: WOR
Natura, ilouode e
So hayethe Philofophers fought dinde inall
things uniforme and Harmon ical; by not breaking them: e
contrary Motions and extremes. The reafon whereof Tap:
pofeto have binsbecaufe they dedicated themfelves to à pri
vate courte of lifesexempt & free from aétive imploiments
and obfervances to others.. But let/men rather imitate the
wildome of Iewellers, who, if perchancesthere be inthe
Gemime aCloudjor an Ice which may.fo be ground forth;as
it abate not thé ftonetoo much , they help its ocherwife they
will not meddle witht: fo ought men fo to procure Serent-
tie of mindeas they, deftroy not Medi. ‘Thus: much
of Particulare Good... .
Il, Now therefore after we Hive fpoken of Selfe-good
(which alfo we ule to.call- Good Particular, Prvpate, Indivi-
duall, let us refume the Good of Communion, which refj pectech
Society, This is commonly termed bythe name of Duty,’
becauíe
+ 4
Or Learnine. Lis: VII.
becaufe the terme of Duty, is more proper to a mind well
fram’dand difpos'd towards others; the terme of Virtue, to
a mind well form'd and compos init felfe. But this part
at firft fight may feeme to pertaineto Science Civile, or Poli-
- tique, but not if icbe well obferved, for it concernes the Re-
giment and Goverment of every manover himfelfe , and
not over others. And ais Architecture, it is onethingsto
frame the Pofts, Beams, and other parts of an Edifice, and
to prepare them forthe ufe of building; and another thing,
to fit and joyne the {ame parts togither: and as in Mechani-
calls. the direction how to frame, and make an inftrument
orengine, is not the fame with the manner of erecting,
moving, and fetting iton work: So the doctrine of the con-
jugation of men, in a Citty or Society differs from that which
makes them conformed; and weil affected to'the weale of
fuch a Society.
§ This Partof Duties is likewife diftributed into two
portions ; whereof the one refpects the common duty of eve=
ry man, the other the fpeciall and refpettive Duties, of every
man in his profefsion, vocation; ftate, perfon; and place.
The firft of thefe, hath bin well laboured, and diligently ex-
plicated by the Ancients and others, as hath bin faid: the o-
ther we find to have bin fparfedly handled, althoe not di-
gefted into an entire body ofa Science; which manner of di-
iperfed kind of writing, we doe not diflike; howbeit in out
judgement, to have written ofthis Argument by parts,were
farre better. For whois endewed with fo much perfpica-
city and confidence, as that he can take upon him to dif-
courfe,and make a judgement skilfully and to the life;ofthe
peculiar and re{pective duties, of every particular order, con-
ditionand profefsion? Andthetreatifes which are not (zafoud
with experiences but are dramne only from a generall and Scho-
lafticall notion of things, aretouching {uch matters,for mofl parts
idle and fruitleffe difcour(es. For althoe fometimesa loo-
ker on may fee more then a gamefler; and there be a com-
mon proverbe, more arrogant than found; proceeding from
the cenlure of the vulgar, touching the actions of Princes,
Xx 2 That
347
349
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
Cic.Lib.2.
deOratore.
ally wifhed, that none would intermeddle or engage them-
felves in fubjeéts of this nature; but only {uch as are well ex-
perienc'dand practis'd in the particular cuftomes of men.
Forthelabours and. vigilancizs of [peculatiye men, in Active
Matters, doe {cemto menof expervence, litle better than the dif-
courfes of Phormio ofthe warres, feemed to Hannibal, which e-
ftimed them but dreams and dotage. Only there is one vice
which accompanies them,which write books of matters
pertaining totheir own profefsion, and Art, whichis, that
they magnify and extoll them in exceffe. »
K.tames. § Inwhich kind of Books,it were acrime Piacular , not to men-
Doron. tiomsHonoris caula, Pour Majefties excellent work touching the
BaAsIL,
duty of a King; for thi: writing hath accumulated and congefted
within it many treafures aswell open asfecret of Divinity,Mora-
litysand Policy » with great afperfion of all other Arts,and it
is in my opinion one of the moft found and bealtbfull writings that
F have read. It doth not float with the beat of Invention, nor freex
and [leepe with the coldne[Je of negligence: it is not now thanta-
ken with awheeling dizzines , fo to confound and loofe it [elfe in its
order; nor is it diStratted and difcontinued by digreffions as thofe
difcour[es are; which by awinding expatiation , fetch in and eu-
clofe matter that [peaks nothing to tbe purpofe. nor is it corrupted,
withthe cheating Arts of Rhetoricall perfumes and paintings,
who chufe ratherto pleafethe Reader, thanto fatisfy the nature
ofthe Argument. But chiefly that work hath life and fpirit, as
Body and Bulke, aa excellently agreeing with truth, and moft
apt for ufe and aétion : and likewife clearely exempt from that
vice noted even now, (which if it were tolerable iw any, cer-
tainly, i£ were fo in. KiNG s, and ina writing concerning
Regal Majefty) namely, that it doth uot excefively and invidt-
oufly exalt the Crowne and Dignity of Kings. For Your Ma«
jelty hath not de[cribed a King of Perfia or Aflyria, radiant,
and [Dining in extreme Pompe and Glory; but really, a Mofes
or aDavid, Paftors of tbe People. Neither can I ever loofe
out of my remembrance, a Speech, which Y our Majelty, is the
y ; facred
OrLearnina. Lis. VII. 349
facred Spirit, wherewith youare endowed to governe Your people,
delivered ina great caufe of Indicature, which was, That Kings 1, cos, R;
rul’d by the Lawes of their Kingdomes; as God did by the di&um
Lawes of Nature; and ought as rarely to put in ufethat d eet
their prerogatives which tranfcends Lawes, as wefee God
purin ule his power of working Miracles. And yet notwitb-
flanding inibat other book, written by Your Majefty ; of a free vid : pet
Monarchy, You give all men to underfLandsthat Your Maje-
fly, knowes and comprebendsthe Plenitude of the Power of
Kings, andthe Ultimities (asthe Schooles fpeak) of Regall
Lights, as wellas the circle and bounds of their Office , and
Royall Duty. Wherefore Ihave prefumed, to alleage that
book written by Tour Majefly, as a prime and moft eminent
example of Tractates, concerning fpectall and Re[pecttve Du-
ties. Of which Book, what I have now faid, I fhould in truth
have laid as much, iit had bin written by any King a thou-
fand yearsfince. Neither doth that kind of nice Decency
move me; whereby commonly itis prefcribed not to praife
in prefence, Lo chofe Praifes exceed not meafure; or be attri-
buted unfeafonably or upon no occafion prefented. Surely
Cicero in that excellent oration Pro M. Marcello ftudies no-
thing elle, but co exhibite a faire Table drawne by fingular
Art; of (Cefars virtues , thoe that Oration was made to his
face; which likewife Plinius fecundus did to Trajan. Now let
us refume our intended purpofe.
§ There belongs farther to thispart, touching the Re- x
[pettive Duties of vocations and particular Profe(sions, and o-SatvRa
ther knowledge, as it wetesRelative and Oppofice unto the 5,7 denn:
former, concerning the Fraudes, Cautels,Impoftures, and ‘i- terioribus
ccs of every Profe[sion : For Corruptions and Vices, are op- "^m.
pofedto Dutiesand Virtues. Nor arethefe Depravations
altogither filencedin many writings and Tractates; but for
3noft part, chefe are noted only upon the By, and that by
way of Digrelsion: buthow? rather ina Satyre and Cyni-
cally after Lacians mannersthan ferioufly and gravely, for
men have rather fought by witto traduce, and to expofe to
X x3 Acorne
Cicero.
Plin.tun.
350 Or THE ADVANCEMENT
icorne that which is ufefull and found; in Arts and Profef-
fions; than to fever that which is good and wholfome;
from that which is corrupt and vicious. But Solomon faith
Prov. xiv; excellently, A (corner feeks wifdome and findes it not, but know-
© Jedgets ealy unto bimtbat underftands: for he that comes to
feek after knowledge,with a mind to fcorne;and cenfure;
fhallbe fureto find matterfor his humor, but no matter
for his inftruétion. And certainly a grave and wife Treatife
of this argument, whereof we now {peak, and that with
fincerity and integrity, feemeth worthy to be reckoned one
of the beft fortifications of virtue and honefty, that can be
planted. For asthe Fable goes of the Bafiliske , that if he fee
aman firft, the man dies; but if a man fee him firft, the Ba-
filiske dies; fo itis with Fraudes,Impoftures, and evill Arts;
ifa man difcoverthem firft,they loofe their power of doing
hurt; butifthey prevent, then, and not otherwifesthey en-
danger. Sothat we are much beholding to Machiavill,and
fuch writers, who difcover apertly and plainly, what men
ufe to doe; not what men ought to doe: forit is not pofsible
to joyne the wifdome of the Serpent , with the Innocency
ofthe Dove , exceptaman know exactly the nature of evill
it felfe, for without this skill, virtue lies open and unfencd;
nay afincere and honeft man, can doe no good upon thofe
that are wicked,to reclaime them, unleffe he know all the
coverts and profundities of Malice. For men of corrupt
minds and deprav'd judgements, prefuppofe;that honefty
growes out of the weaknefle of Nature, and fimplicity of
Manners, and only out of a beliefe given to. Preachers and
Schoole-Maflers; as likewife to Books, Morall Precepts;
and popular opinions: fo that unleffe you can make them
plainlyto perceive; that their. deprav.d and corrupt Prin-
ciples, and crooked Rules; are as deeply founded, and as
plainly difcovered, by thofe who exhort and admonifh
them, asthey are to themfelves, they defpife allthe inte-
grity of Morall Practices or Precepts, according to that ad-
Frov.18. ?mirable Oracle of Solomon, Non recipit: ftultus verba pruden-
e viene cc Ets ifia dixeris, que verfantur incorde eju. But chis part
Lom V framing Cok be
| "Or Learnine. Lis. VII.
eoncerning Refpetitye Cartels and iiy we lice in de
35
numberof Dr GIENTS; and will cdlbeby tBebame of
SarYRA, SERIA Or of 2 Trestife DUIgerio bw Rene... >
«i So rothis kind of knowledge, tonchlfo RaBaffrye Di.
ties; docalfo appertaine the Warwrall Duties’ becweed: Hug
band and wife, Patents and Children; Matter ado Servant
fo likewife the lawes of Friendfhip and Gratitude; as alfo
the Civilebonds of Corporations, Companies, Cofledees,
Neighbour-hood and the like. But it mutt ever be prefuppo-
fed chat they are here haiidled notas parts of Civile fociety
(for thacis referr'd to the Politiques ) but as tothe, framing
dnd predilpofing of rhe Minds of Particular perfons, tothe
maintaining of thekeBondsof Societys o oos
$8 Bat the Kuowtedge concerning the Govd of Communion or
of Society, even as that of Good Individuals doth handle Good
not fimple alone, but alfo comparatively; whereunto belongs
the waighing of Duties between Perfon and Perfon, Cafe
and Cafe; Private and NP ah Rc and
Future: as we may fee in the fevere and cruel proceeding of
L. Brunt againft his own Sonnes, which by the moft was Liv. Hin:
a+ i110» 230 2. 12 2134 « 444» (io wiv oa J ' lib. 2,. 3
0C NONI ACTER ADU LAC COMMI ‘Plone
_ Tnfelix utcund, ferent ea fata Mincres. . We lib.; ^^
Thefame we may fee in that fupper uato which M. Brutus,
and C. Cafsiw wereinvited, forthere when thete was à
queftion fhrewdly caft forth, Whether it was lewfill to kill a Plutar.in
Pyramp di purpole cd Reele che mind of the company, MB.
touching à confpiracy intended againft (Caefar; life; the
guefts were diyidedin opinion; {ome aid it was direétly
lawfull, for that fervitude was tbe extreme of Evils; Others
were ofa contrary mind, for, that Tyranny was wot [o great a
_ mifery at Crvile warre, a third fort, as if they had iffued out of
the Schoole of Epicurus, avouched;. That it vas an unworthy
thing, that wife men. /hould. haxard their! lives end Skates for
Pooles. Bur there are many Cafes touching comparative Du-
ties,amoneft which;that of all other is thé moft frequent;
Whether aman ought to fwerve from the vule of Justice, for the
[afety of bis Country, or fome fuch mtable Goods toen[ue after-
ward?
352 Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
ward? Touching which cafe Jafon of Thelfalie was wont'to
Plut. Moral. fay, Aliqua fuit injuste facienda ut multajufle fieri pofsint, bur
= Reip.the Reply is ready ,Auctorem prefentis juftitie babes, fhouforem
future non babes: Men muft purfue things. whicharejuft in
'prefent, and leave the future tothe Divine Providence. And
thus touching the Exemplar, or of the defcription of Good.“
hbedoserseonsooorooesgonooeoooeseeroensensgs
CAP. Ih | a6
^ J. The Partition ofthe Doctrine of the Culture of the «Mind, inte
the.K aowledee of the Characters of the Mind. 1. Of the Affe.
ions or Pafsions. ll. And of the Remedies or Cures, Till. Ap
Appendix of the fame Dostrine,touching the Congrnity between the
Good of the Mind, and tbe Goodof the Body. :
; 6838 Ow that we have fpokenina Philofophical fenfe
dose of the fruit of Lifes it remaines that we {peak of the
SLOSS Culture of the Mind, whichis due unto it, without
which the former part feems nothing elfe, than an Image’
or Statue; beautifull to contemplate, butdeftitute of Lite
and Motion; to which opinion, Ariffotle himfelfe fub-
{cribes inthefe plain words; Wherefore it 2x nece[Jary to [peak
of virtue, both what it 1t, and from what it proceeds: for-it would
beto litle purpofe,to know virtue, and to be ignorant of the man-
ner and means how to compaffe it. Concerning virtue therefore
inquiry must be made, not only of wbak kind it is, but by what
wayes it may be acquired: for we defire both thefe, the knowledge
of the thing it (elfe and the fruition thereof, but this cannot be ef-
Setted, unleffe we know of what materiallsit is compounded, and
bow to procure the fame: In {uch full words, and with fuch
iteration doth he inculcate this Part; which yet notwith-
ftanding himfelfe purfues not. This likewife is the very
fame which Cicero attributes to (atothe Younger, as a great
commendation, which was, that he had applyed himfelfe
Pro. L.Mu- to Philofophy, Non difputandi caufa, ut magna pars, fed ita yi-
"en vendi. And althoe through the negligence of the times
| wherein
Mag.Moral.
lib.1.
———————— ÓÀ
wherein we live; few holdany:confuleation dilivetitly, to
manure and till the Mind, and frame th eir courte of life( ac-
cording to fome Rule; according to that of Seneca; De pár2De Brev.
tibus vite quifque deliberat , de [umma nemo. o as this part may "^
feem fuperfluous;) yet this moves us not ; (o as to leave it
untouched, but rather we conclude with that Aphorifme
of Hippocrates, They who are fick of a dangerous difedfe , and Aphor. La:
feelenopaine, are diStemperedin their wnderStanding : Such
men need medicine, not only to afTwage the difeafe, butte
awakethefenfe. And if it be faid that the Cure‘of sens
minds, belongs tofacred Divinity, it is moft truly faid; buc
yet why may not Moral] Philofophy be accepted into the
traineof Theology, asa wife fervant and a faithfull hand-
maid, ready at all commands to doe her fervice? For as itis
inthe Píalme, That tbe eyes of the Hand-mard, look perpetual: vial. 123.
lytowards the Miftreffe, and yet no doubt many thitigs are
leftto the difcretion and careof the Hand-maid; fo ought
Morail Philofephy co give all due obfervanceto Divinity; and
tobe obfequiousto hit Precepts, yet fo; asit nay yeeld of
it felfe, within its own limitss many found and profitable
directions. Tha Part therefore, when | ferioufly confider
the excellency thereof, I can not but find exceeding ftrange,
that itisnot yet reduced into a Body of Knowledge. Where-
fore feeing we have reported it as DeFtcrenr, we will af-
ter our manner give fome Adumbrations thereof. :
d. Firft thevefore,in thisasin all things which arePra- — ,,
€ticall, we ought to caft up our account, what is i# our power, GEORGI-
and wb as not for the one may be dealt with by way of Alteration; E CENE
the other by way of Application only. The Husband-tman can- de ulus
notcomnuarid eitherthenatüre of the Earth, or the feafons Morum.
ofthe weather; nornore can the Phyfitiaiti che nátüral ceri
per or confticution of chePatient orthe vatiety of Accidénits-
Now inthe Culture of the mind of man, atid che eie of che
Difeafes thereof,three things fall into’ confideration” ‘The
diverfe Chardébers of Difpofitions.the Affe tions; andthe Reme-
dies. As inéuring the Body thee things are propounded; the!
Complexion or Conftitution of the Patient; the Difedfe;° and the
qi P rre Yüy £ rti //-13 Cures
Go
E
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
Cure; and of thefe three, the laft only is in our power, the
twoformerare not. Yet even inthofe things which are
not in our power, noleífe diligent inquiry is tobe made
thereof, then in thofe which are fubjectto our power; for:
a diftin& and exact knowledge of them, is tobe laid as a’
ground-work to the knowledge of the R emedies; that they
may bemore aptly and fucceflefully applied; for neither can
agarment be well fitted to che Body, unleffe you firft take
the meafure of the Body.
§ Wherefore the firft article of this knowledge ofthe Cul-
ture of tbe Mind, {hallbe converlant about the diverfe Cha-
ratters of mens natures or difpofitions. Neither doe we here
{peak of thofe common Proclivities to virtues and vices; or
Perturbations and pafsions ; but of thofe which are more
intrinfique and radicall. Surely for this part of knowledge,
idoe much wonder that it fhould be, for moft part, fo neg-
leéted or flightly paft over, by writers Moral and Political;
confidering it cafts fuch refplendent beams upon both thofe
kindsofknowledges. In the Traditions of Affrology, the
natures & difpofitions of men,are not without ome colour
of truth, diftinguifht from the Predominancies or Planets;:
as that fome are by nature made and proportioned for con-
zeinplation; others for matters Civile; others for Warre;others
for Advancement, others for Pleafure;others for Artss others
for changeable couríe oflife. So among the Poets, Heroi-
call, Satyricall, Tragedians, Comedians, you fhallfinde e-
very where, the Images of wits, althoe commonly with ex-
cefleand beyound the bounds of Truth. Nay this fame
Argumentof the divers Characters of Nature,is one of thofe
fubjects, wherein the common difcourles of men; ( which
very feldome;yet fometimes falls out) are more wife them
Books. But the beft provifion and collection: for fuch:a
treatife, oughtto be fetcht from the obfervations- of the wi-
feft fort of Hiftorians, not only from . Elogiesand Panegy-
riquess which commonly follow the death ofa Peifon; but
much more from the entire body of a Hiftory», fo often as
fuch aperfonage doth, as it were, enterupon the flage. For
this inter-woven Image; feems to be a more lively defcrip-
tion
Or LgEARNING. Lis. VIE 353
tion, than thecenfure of an Elogy, fuchasisthat in T. Li-
vius,ef Africanus, and of Catothe Elder; in Tacitus of Tiberius,
Claudiut and Nero. in Herodianyf Septimivs Severus; in Philip
de Commines, of Lewis the XI.K. of France,in Fra. Guiceiar-
dinesof Ferdinand King of Spaine, Maximilian the Emperour;
Leoand Clemens, Bifbops of Rome. For thofe writers fixing
their eyes continually on the Images of thefe Perfons;
whom they made choice of to decipher, and purtrait , fel-
dome mentiontheir Acts and Atchievements, but withall;
infert (omething touching their nature and difpofitions, fo
likewife many Relations , touching the Conclaves of Popess
which we have met withall, reprefent good (haracters, and
lively impreffiens, of the naturall difpofitions of Cardinalls;
as the letters of Ambafladors, fet forth the nature and man-
nersof Counfilors to Princes. Wherefore let there be a full;
and perfect collection made of this argument, whereof we
have {poken, which certainly is fertile and copious. Neither
wouldwe that thofe Characters inthe Etbiques (as itis with
Hiftorians, Poets, and in common fpeech,)fhould be atcep-
ted as perfit politique Images, but rather as the Arft draughts
and rude lineaments of thofe Images, which compounded
andcommixt , conftitute any refemblances whatfoever;
how many and of what fort they may be; and how they
are connextand fubordinate one. with another: that there
may be made, as it were; an artificiall and accurate diflectis
on. of natures and difpolitions, and a dilcovery of the fecret
- inclinations of Individual tempers; andthat from a know-
ledge thereof, precepts of cure may be more pertinently pre-
Ícribed.
§ And not only the (bara&ters of difpofitions, impreffed
by nature, fhould be received into this Tractate, but thofe
alio which are impofed upon the mind, from Sex; Age, Re-
gion, Health, Beauty, andthe like: as alfo thofe from ex-
terne fortune; as of Princes, Nobles, obfcure Perfons; Rich,
Poore; Private perfons, Pro{perous,Miferable, and the like.
For we fee Plautus makes ita wonder to fee an old man
Beneficent, Benignitas quidem huius,oppido ut adole{centuli e$1: Mil. Glo.
y 2 and
354 Or THe ADVANCEMENT
and S.Paule, commanding that the feverity of difcipline,
fhould be uledto the Cretans, (rebuke tbem fbarply) accufeth
AdTit.c. r the nature of that Nation from a Poet ; Cretenfes femper
cxEpimen mendaces, male beftia, ventres pigri. Salufé notes this in
the nature of Kings, thatit is ufuall with them to defire con-
Iugurth - tradictories, Plerung, Regie voluntates ut vebementes funtsfic
mobiles, fapeg, ipfe fibi adverf4. Tacitus obíerves that Ho-
nours and advancements, oftner change mens natures t9
Hift,lib. 1. the worfe,thantothebetter, Solus Vefpafianu mutasus in me-
liw. Pindarus makes an obfervation, that great and Sodoms
fortune for moft part, loofens and difsinues:mens minds,
Pindar. funt, qui magnam. felicitatem concoquere non poffunt: forthe
Pfalme fheweth,that it is more eafyto keepa meafure and
temperament; ina modeft confiftency; thanin the increafe
pal.é2, ofFortune, If Richesincreafe fet not your heart upon them:
Thefe obfervations and the like, I deny not,but are touched
a litle by Ariffotle,as in paflage, in his Rhetoriques; as like-
wifein the writings of others difperfedly by the way; but
they were never yét incorporated into Morall Philofophy,to
which they doe principally appertaine; no leffe certainly,
than the handling of the diverfity of grounds and moulds,
doth to Agriculture; or the handling of the diverfity of com-
plexions and conftitutions of the body, doth to Medicine.
The fame muft be obferved here, except we mean to fol-
low the indifcretion of Empiriques, which minifter
the fame medicines to all Patients, of what confticution
foever. |
I. After the knowledge of Characters tollowes the know-
ledge of Affections and Pafsions, which are asthe Difeafes of
the Mind, as hath bin faid. Forasthe Ancient Politiques in
Populare States were wontto fay, ‘That the people were like
the Sea, and the Orators like the windes ; becaule asthe Sea
would of it felfe be calme and quiet, if the winds did not
move and trouble it; fo the People of their nature would be
peaceable and tractable, if the feditious Orators did not fet
them in working and agitation. So it may be truly affir-
med, that mans mind in the nature thereof, would be tem-
perate
Or Learnine. Lees. VIL
perate and flaid, if the affections as windes, did not put icin-
to tumult and perturbation. And here againe | finde is
ftranges that Ari/forle, who writ fo many books of Etbiques,
fhoukd never in them, handle the Affeions, as an effentiall
member of Exhiques, and yet in the Rhetoriques where they
are confidered but Collaterally; and in a fecond degree(that
isfo farre as they may berais’d and moved by fpeech ) he
findes place for them, (in which ie notwithftanding for
fuch an abridgement, he difcourfeth acutely and well, ) for
his difputations about plea/ure and paine, no way fatisfy this
inquiry; no more than he that fhould write only of light
and lightening, could be faid, to have written of the nature
of particular Colowrs; for Pleafure and Paine, are tothe par-
ticular affections, as light isto Colours. Better travailes the
Stoiques havetaken in this arguments as farre as may be
conjectured from fuch Remaihes as are extant, but yet fuch
as confifted rather in curiofity of Definitions, than any full
and ample defcriptions. So likewife I find fome elegant
Bookes of fome affections as of Anger of tenderneffe,of counte-
nance, and {ome few other. Butto fpeak the truth, the beft
Do&tors of this knowledge are the Poets, and writers of Hi-
ftories; where we may finde painted and diffected to the
life; how affections are tobe ftirred up and kindled; how
ftill'd and laida fleep; how againe contain d and refrain d,
that they break not forth into A&? likewife how they dif-
clofe themfelves thoe repreffed and fecreted? what operati-
ons they produce? what turnes they take? how they are en-
wrapt one within another? how they fight and encounter
one with another? and other the like Particularities. A-
mongft the which, this laft is of fpeciall ufe in Morale and
Civile matters, How I fay, to fet Affettion against Affection. and
bythe belpe of one to mafter and reclaime another? After the
manner of Hunters and Fowlers, who hunt Beaft with
Beaft; and fly Bird with Bird; which percafe of them-
felves without the afsiftance of Bruit Creatures, a man
could not fo eafily recover. Nay farther,upon this foundati-
on, is erected that excellent and univerfall ufe in matters
Yy 3 Civile
$55
356 Or THE ADVANCEMENT ^
A ctun A EI Tu *eueio o 0o ES
Civile of Premium and *Pana,which are the Pillars of Civile
States {eeing thole predominant Affettions of Feare and Hope
doe bridle & fuppreffe all other exorbitant Affections. Again,
as in goverment of States, itis fometimes neceffary to con-
front and bridle one Faction with another; fo itis in the in-
ward Goverment of the Minde. $531
IIl . Now come wetothofe Points which are within our
own commande and have force and operation upon the mind;
and alfo affe&, difpofe , and manage the Will and Appetite;
and therefore are of great force to alter cle manners. In
which part the Philofophers oughtto have made a paine-
full and diligent Ipquirie touching the Power and Energie of
Cuftome,Exercife,Habit Education y Comver[ation.; Friend[/hips
*Praife,Reprebenfion Exbortation,F amesL avs , Books, Studies,
and other points of like nature. Thefe are they which have
the {way and dominion in Moralitie.from thele Agents the
mind fuffereth and is difpofed ; of thefe, as of Ingredients,
receits are compounded, which conduce to the confervati-
onand recovery of the Health and good eftate of the Minde
as far as may bee performed by Humane Remedies. Of
which number we willfelect one or two whereupon wee
willa litle infift as an example to the reft- We will therefore
infinuatea few points touching (Cu[Tome and Habit.
Moral. Ni- ‘That opinion of Ariffotle feemeth to meto favour of neg- -
com. ib. ?-|icence and a narrow Contemplation,where he aflerts--thas
shofe Aétions which are naturall can not be changd by cuftome;
ufing for example---that ifa Stone bethrowne a thoufand times
up, it willmot learne to a[cend of its own accord: Morevversthat by
often feeing or hearing we doe not learneto beare or (ze the bet-
ter: for though this principle be true in ome things where-
in Nature is Peremptotory (the reafons whereof wee can-
not now ftand to diícuffe) yer it is otherwife in things
wherein Nature according to a Latitude admits ?ntestiom
and remiffion. He might fee thata ftraight glove by often
drawing on; ismade wider; and thata wand by ufe and
continuance is bowed contrary to its nacurall bent in the
growth, and foone after ftayes inthe fame poftute; chat the
voice
Y
"CP.
Or Learnine; Lise VII. 357
REID ay a os ct dica apos t 5 4 cue eS RR
Voice by exercizing it becomes louder and ftronger; that
heat and cold are betterendurd by cuftome ; and many in-
ftances of like kinde. Which two latter examples have a
neerer refemblance and come neerer to the point,than chofe
he there alleadgeth. But however this cafe be determin’d,by
how much the more true it is; that both Virtues and Vices
confist in habit. he ought, by fomuchthe more , to have en-
deavour d,to have fo prefcrib’d rules bow fach habits might be
acquiredsor remov'd:for chere may be many Precepts’ made
ofthe wife ordering of the Exercifes ofthe Minde ». no lefle
then of the Exercifes of the Body ; whereof wee will re-
cite a few. |
§ The firft [bal be 5tbai we beware evemat firft of higher or
fimaller taskes than the nature of the bufine]Je requires, or our lea-
Sure or abilities permis: For if too great ataske be impos'diin
a meane diffident nature , you blunt the edge of cheereful-
neffe and blafttheir hopes; ina nature füli of Confidence,
youbreed an opinion whereby a man promifeth to him-
felfemore than heis able to performe; which drawwes on
floath and fecurity; and in both thofe temperatures ,ic will
cometo paffe that the. experiment doth not fatishe, the ex-
pectation; which ever difcouragech and confounds the
minde: but if the Tasks be too weake and eafie , in the
iumme of proceeding there is a loffe and prejudice; ;. |
& Afecond fball be; that to the practifing of any facultie,
whereby ahabit may be fuperinduced wo Seafons are chiefly to be
obferveds the one when the minde is beft difpofed to a bufine]]e 5
the other when itis wor (1: that by the one,we may be well for-
wards on our way: by the latter,we may by a {trenuous con-
tention worke out the knots and ftonds. of the minde;
which makes midle times to pafle with more,eafe and
pleafure. — ' Voy |
$ Athird Precept fhall bethat whith Ariftotle mentions by Moral. Ni-
the way whichis to bzare ever towdrds tbe contrary extreme of — n
that whereunto we are by nature inclin d , fo it be without vice.
Likeas when we rowe againft the ftreame ;or when wee
make a crooked wand ftraight by bending it the contrary
Way. § The
358 Os THE ADVANCEMENT
6 The Fourth Precept is. grounded upon that Axiome
which is moft true. That the minde is brought to any thing. with
more [weetnelJe and bappine[Jeyif that wbereunto we pretend , bee
not principal inthe intention of the Doers but be overcomes as it
were doing fomewhat elfe; becaufethe inflintt of nature is fuch à
freedome as hates necefity and compulffve commands. Many o-
ther rulesthereare which might profitably be prefcribed.
touching the Direction of Cuftome: for Cuftomes if it be wife-
ly and skilfully induced, proves (a it is commonly faid ) as
other naturejbut being conducted abfurdly and by chance,
it is only the Ape of Nature. which imitates nothing to the
life but in a foolifh deformity onely. :
$ Soifwefbould {peake of Bookes and Studies, and of
their power and influence upon Manners; are there not di-
vers Precepts and fruitfull Directions appertaining there-
unto ? Hath not one of the Fathers in great indignation cal-
led Poche vinum Demonum, being indeed it begets many
Temptations,Lufts,and vaine Opinions? It is not a wife
Moral, Nie OPinion of Ariftorleand worthy tobe regarded : That young
com, Liber, en are no fit auditors of Morall Philofophy , becaufe the boyling
heat of their affe Bionssis not yet {etled, nor attemperd with Time
and Experience. And to {peake truthsdoth it not hereof come
that thofe excellent Books and Difcourfes of ancient Wris
ters, (whereby they have perfwaded unto virtue moft effe-
étually;reprefenting as well her ftately Majeftie to the eyes —
of the world;as expofing to Scorne , popular Opinions in -
difgrace of Virtuesattired as it were , intheir Parzfite (oats)
are of folitle effect towards honefty of life and the reforma:
tion of corrupt Manners;becaufethey ufenottoberead and
revolv’d by men maturein yeeres and judgement; but are
left and confin'd onely to Boyes and Beginners.’ But és i not
true alfo that young men are much leffe fit Auditors of Policiethan
Moralitie,till they have bin throughly feafon’d with Re/igi-
on and the knowledge of Manners and. Duties 5: left. their
judgements be corrupted and madeapt to: think. that. chere
are no Moral differences true:and:folid-of things; buc chat
all is to be valued according to a utilitie and forcunc. As the
Poet faith; Profperum
Or LEg&aARNING. Lis. VII
339
Profperum 89 felix fcelus virtu vocatur; uvcnd.
1 at, «
Andagaine, - 13
Ille crucem pretium (celeris talit bic Diadema.
But the Poets feemeto {peak this Satyrically ; and in indig:
nation; be it fo,yet many Books of Policie doe fuppofe the
fame ferioufly and pofitively: for fo it pleafed Machiayell to
fay, That if Cafar bad bin overthrowne bee would have bin more
odious than ever was Catiline;as if there had bin no difference
but in fortune onclysbetween avery fury compofed of Luft
and Blood and the moft excellent {pirit (his ambition refer-
ved) inthe world. By this wefee how neceffary itis , for
men to drink deeply Pious and Morall knowledges before they
taft Politique, for that they who are bred up in the Courts
of Princes from tender yeeres, and in affaires of ftatescom»
monly never attainean inward and fyncere Probitie of
Manners; how much further of from honeftie, if to this fire
of corrupt education there be adminiftred the fewell of cor-
rupt Books? Againe,even in Morall inftructions themfelves,
or at leaft in fome of them is there nota Caution likewife
tobe given, left they make men too Precife, Arrogant; and
Incompatible; according to that of (icerotouching M.Cato,
Thefe Divine and excellent qualities which we (ee are bis own pro- pro L. Ma-
per endowments, but fucb as are fometimes deficient in him, are al vamos ——
derived from Teachers and not from Nature. There are many
other Axioms touching thofe properties and effects which
Studies and Books doe inftill into the mindes of men: for it
istruethat he faith abeunt fPudiain mores ; which may like-
"Wife be afirm’d of thofe other points touching Companies
Fame the Lawes of our Countrey and the reft which a litle be-
fore werecited. Butthereis a kinde of Culture of the Minde
which feemes yet more acurate and elaborate than the feft,
and is built upon this ground, That the mindes of all Mortals
are at [ome certaine times in a more perfect [Late at other times in
a more depraved State. Fhe purpofe theréfore and direction
of this Culture is that thofe good feafons may be cherifht;&
the evill croftand expunged out ofthe Kalender. The fixati-
onof good Times is procured by two meanes » by. vowes or at
Lz Leaft
)
360
*
€ —— MM M M ——— — M M M M ——— ÀÀ—
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
Leaft mot conflant Refolutions of the Mind; and by Ob/er-
vances and exercifes, which are nottobe regarded fo much
inthemfelves, as becaufe they keep the mind in her devoir
and continuall obedience. The obliteration of evill Times
may be in like manner perfected two waies, by fome kind
of Redemption or expiation of that which is past ; and by anew
courfe of lifes as it were, turning over a clean leafe. But this
part feems wholly to appertaine to Religion, and Juftly,
confidering that true and. genuine Morale Philofophy,as was
faid, fupplies the place of a Hand-maid only to Divinity,
wherefore we will conclude this part of the Culture of the
Mind, with that remedy which of all other meanes is the
moft compendious and fummarysand againe the moft no-
ble and effeétuall, to the reducing of the mind to virtuesand
the placing of it in a ftate next to perfection: and this is, That
_ we make choice of and propound to our feles, right ends of life
and Actions, and agreeing to virtue; which yet muft be fuch as
may beinareafonable fort within our compaffetoattaine. For if
thefetwo things be {uppos’d, that the ends of Actions be Ho-
neft and Good; and that the Refolution of the mind, for the pur-
Suing and obtaining them,be fixtsconftant,and true unto/uch ends.
it will follow that the mind fhall forthwith transforme and
mould it felfe into all virtues at once. And this indeed is an
operation, which refembleth the work of nature, whereas o-
ther courfes whereof we have fpoken; are like the work of
the hand. For as when a Carver cuts and graves an Image,
he fhapes only that part whereupon he works,and not the
reft, as if he be fafhioning the Face, the reft of the Body isa
rude and formeleffe ftone ftill,till fuch time as he come to it:
but contrariwife, when Natwremakesa Flower or Leving
Creature, fhe ingenders and brings forth rudiments of all
the parts at one time. So in obtaining virtues by babite,
while a man practifeth Temperance, he doth not profit
much to Fortitude and the like; but when we wholly dedi-
cate and devote our felves to good and honeft ends; look
what virtue foever fuch ends commends and commands,
our mind untoswe fhall find our felves already invefted and
predif-
re
Or Learnine. Lis, VII 561
predifpofited with a kind of hability and propenfion to
- purfue and expreffe chefame, Andthis may be that State of
Mind whichis excellently defcribed by Ariftotle, and ex- Moral. Ni:
prefled with the character, notof virtue, but ákirid of Di- comlib. 7.
vinity, his words are thefe, Andwith IMManity, we may not
unaptly countre-ballance, that ability which 1t above humanity;
Heroicx Or Divine Virtue: anda litle after , for a
Savage Creatures are incapable of Vice or * Ciriue; (o is the Dei-
ty: but thas fate is a thing higher than virtue, that, fomewbat elfe
thanvice. Indeed Pliniw Secundus from the licence of Hea-
then magniloquence. fet forththe virtue of Trajane, not as
an imitation, but asa patterne toodivine, when he faith,
That men need to make no other praives tothe Gods, but that they paneg.
would continme as good and as gracious Lords to tbem, as Trajane
had bin. Butthefeare che prophane andunhallowed Aires
ofHeathens, who apprehend fhadowes greater then the
- Body: but true Religion, andthe Holy Chriftian Faith, laies
, hold onthe fubftance it felfe, imprinting upon mens Minds
Charity, which is moft properly called; The bond of perfetti- cotct3:
- on; becaufeit compreheuds and faftens all virtues togither:
' Surely itis elegantly {aid by Menander of aine Loves which
js butacounterfeit imitation of Divine Love, Amor melior
{ophifta lavo;ad bumanam vitam; by which words he infinu-
ates;ibat good and decent carriage ,is better learu'd from Love,
then from a Sophilt., er an inept Tutor ; whom hee
calls Left-handed, becaufe with all his tedious Rules and
Precepts, he cannot formea man fo dexteroufly, and with
that facility to, valu himfelfe, and, governe himíelfe |, as
Love can doe. Socertainly, if a. mans mind be truly infla-
med with the peat of (\harity, he fhallbe exálted to a greater
degree of Perfe&ions chen by allche Dofrine of Morality,
which, indeed, is buta Sepbi$ in.comparifon of the other.
Nay farther as Xewophon.obferved enuly,That all other affedi- De Ink.
onsthoe they taifethe Mindy yet they diffort and diforder it by ore
their extafies and exceffes; but only love deth atthe fame inftant;
dilateaudcompo[e tbe mind« So all-orher humane excellen-
cies, which we admite; thoe they advance nature, yet they
vA Zz are
362
Efa. 14.
Gen. 3.
Mat. s.
Pfal. 145.
Virg.£n.
6. :
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
axe fubject to excefe; only Charity admits no exceffe. So we
feethe Angels while they alpired to be like God in power;
prevaricated and fell, I will afcend above the altitude of the
cloudess Iwill be like the moft bigb.So man,while he afpired to
be like God in Knowledges digreffed and fell: ye /hall be like
Gods knowing Good and Evill: butby afpiring toa fimilitude
of Gods Goodneffe or Lovesneither Man nor Angell ever was
endangered,nor fhall be endangered. Nay we are invited
to this imitation Bleffetbem that curfe you, and pray for them
that defpitefully ufe you and perfecute you.that you may be the
fonnes of your father which in Heaven: for be makes bis Sunne
to rife onthe Evill and onthe Good; andfends Raine upon the juff,
and uponthe unjuft. Soin the firft Platforme of the Divine
Nature, the Heathen Religion placeth Gods attributes thus,
Optimus Maximus; and facred Scripture {peaks chus; Miferi-
“cor dia ejus, fupraomnia opera ejus.
§ Wherefore we have now concluded this part of Mo-
rall knowledge concerning the Culture and Regiment of the
Mind. wherein if any froma contemplation of the Porti- :
ons thereof, which wehave firily enumerated, doth
judge chat our labour is only this, zo Colle& and Digests into
an Art or Science ytbat which bath bin pretermitted by other wri-
ters, as matter of common fen[e and experience, and of them/elves
cleeve and per(picuous; let him freely enjoy bis judgement: yet in
the meane let hirn be pleafed to'remember what we pre:
monifht at firfl;that our purpofe was not to purfuethe flou-
rifh and beauty of things;but their ufe and verity.Likewife
Jet him a while ponder in his: mind that "invention of the
Ancient Parable;touching the twogates of fleepe. ~~
Sunt gemina [omni Porte, quarum altera fertur — 777
Cornea, qua verti facili datur exitus gmbitr; — 7
— AAteracandeni perfecta nitens Elepbanto: 21,0335 rfe
Sed falfaadCelum mitzum infomnia Manes. 1700
A gate of Ipor'y'is indeed very ftately; but true Dreams paffe
TEM
TV... By way of fupplement that obfervation'abot c Mo:
DOTUPENRNING."LIR. VIL
kind efrelation and (Conformity between the Good of the mind,
and tbe Good of the Body. For asthe Good of the Body confifts
as hath bin faid, of Health, Beauty, Strength, and Pleafure,
So the Good ofthe Mind, if we confider it according to the
Axioms and Precepts of Morale Knowledge,we fhall perceive
tend to this point, to m4ke the mind found, aad difibarg'd from
Perturbation, Beautifull and graced with the ornaments of true,
Decency; ftrong to all duties of life; Laftly not Stupid, but retain-
ing an active and lively fence of Pleafure and honeft Recreation.
But thefefoure,as inthe Body, fo in the mind, feldome
meetaltogither. For it is eafy to obíerve, that many have
ftrength of wit and courage; who yet notwithítanding are
infefted with perturbations» and whofe manners are litle
feafon’d with elegancy and Beauty of Behaviour, in their
doings : fome againe , have an Elegancy and finenefle of
cariages which have neither foundneffe of honefty, nor fub-
ftance of fufficiency in their doings: fome have honeft
Minds, purified from the ftaine of Guilt, which yet can
- neither become themfelves, nor manage bufineffe: others
which perchance are capable of all thefe three Qualities,
but pofleft with a fullen humor of Stoical {adneffe, and ftu-
pidity, they practife virtuous Actions, but enjoy neither
themfelves, nor the fruit of their good Parts.and if it chance
that of thefe foure tw or three {ometimes meet, yet a concur-
rence of all foure very feldome falls out. And now we have
concluded that Principall member of Humane Philofophy,
which confiders Man, as be confifts of Body and Soule, but yet,
as be is fegregate and feparatefromfocicty, —— :
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UPUPRUPRPMPREQQ germs
FRANCIS LO. VERVLAM
VICOUNT StALBAN.
OF THE
DIGNITY AND ADVANCEMENT
OF LEARNING,
Tothe KING.
CAP. T
1. The Partition of Civile knowledge into tbe Knowledge of
Conver (ation; the Knowledge of Negociation;
and the Knowledge of Empire,or
of State Goverment.
> cae Here is an ancient Relation ( Excellent
zx] Feo Kine) ofafolemne Convention of ma-
Sy ny Philofophers before the Ambaffador
LY, of aforraine Prince, and how thatevery.
5) one according to their feverall abilities
P328 made demonfration of their wifdome,
thie fo the c Ambaffador might have matter of report tou-
ching the admired wifdome of the Grecians : Butamongft
thefe,one there was;as the ftorie goes, that ftood ftilland
utter'd nothingi inthe aflemblie,infomuch as the Ambaffa-
dor turning to him fhould fay: Aud what is your guifi, that I Plutar. in
may report ii? Towhom the Philofophers Report ( faith he ) Mo™-
unto your King,that you. found one among{t tbe Greciaus that
knew bowto bold bis peace: and indeed J had forgotten in this
compend
[E - d
.- 866 Or THE ADVANCEMENT
Pa 215 1 34 1 ae eae eee gis
compend of Arts tointerfertthe Art of Silence ; which not-
withftanding ( becaufe itis DE tc i gw Tr) [willteach
by mine own example. For feeing the order and contexture
of matter hath brought me at length to this poifit , that I
mutt now alitle after handle the Art of Empire ; and being l
write to fo Great a King which is fo perfecta Mafter in this
{ciences wherein he hath bin trained up even from his in-
fancy; nor can | be altogitherunmindfull,what place I hold
under your Majeftie; [thought it would beft become me
in this point to approve my felfe unto your Majeftie , by Si-
lencesxather than by Writing. Cicero makes mention not only
ofan Art,but of a kinde of Eloquence found in Silence: for
afterhe had commemorated in an Epiftle to Atticus many
conferences which had interchangeably paft between him
Ad Attica, ad anothershe writeth thus , In this place I have borrowed
fomewhat from your Eloquence ,for Fhaveheldmy peace. And
Pindar to whom itis peculiar fuddenly to ftrike, as it were,
with a divine Scepter,the mindes of men, by rare fhortfen-
Pindar, tencexdarts forth fome fuch faying as this, - Interdum magis
afficiunt non dita quam dicla: wherefore I have refolwd in
this part to be Sélent,or which is next to Silence ,to be very
briefe. Butbefore I come tothe Arts of Empire ,{omethings
by way of Preoccupation are to be fet downe concerning
other Portions of Civile Doétrine.
§ Civile Science is converfant about a fubje& which of
all other is moftimmers'd in matter ,and therefore very dif-
ficultly reduced unto Axioms: yetthere'are many circum-
plutar.in Hances which help this difficultie: for firft,as (Cato the Cen-
utar.im . 4
M, Catone; for was wont to fay of his Romans: That tbey were like
Sbeepesa man were better drive a flock ofthemsthen one of them;
für ina Flock ,if you could get but fome few to goe right ,yow
[hall have all the reSt follow of their own accord: So inthis re-
{pet indeed the Dutie of Moralitie is fomewhat more diffi-
cult chen that of Policy. Secondly Moralitie propounds to it
felfe that the Mindebe imbued and furnifht with Internal
Goodne(fe, but Civile Knowledge requires no more, but Geod-
neffe externall onely for this as refpeéting fociety , fufficeth.
Wherefore
Or LEARNING. Lis. VIIL
Wherefore it often comes to paffe that the Goverment is
Good,the Times Bad:for in facred ftory the faying is often
repeated, {peaking of Good and Godly Kings, And yet the
People directed not their hearts to the Lord God of their Fa-
thers; wheréfore in this refpectalfothe parts of Ethique are
more auftere and difficult. Thirdly, States have this nature,
that like great Engines they are flowly moved , andnot
without great paines; whence it comes thatthey are not fo
eafily put out of frame; For as in Agipt the (even good
yeares upheld the feven bad; fo in States, the good gover-
ment and Lawes of Precedent times caufe that the errors
of {ucceeding timessdoe not fo quickly (upplant and ruine:
but the Decrees and Cuftomes of particular perfons, are
more fuddenly fubyerted. And this likewife doth charge
Moralitie,but eafeth Policy. :
L Civile Knowledge hath three parts , according to the
three íummarie Actions of Society ; The Doétrine of Conver-
fationstbe Doétrine of Negociation; and tbe Dottrine of Empire
er Republiques. For there are threefortsof Goods which
men íeek to procure to themfelves from civile Society;com-
fort againft folitude , Afsiftance in bwifue]]e ; and Protectiem
againft Injuries : and thefe bethree wifdomes diftin& one
from theother, and often times disjoyn'd; Wifdome in (on-
ver[ation; Wifdome in Negociation 42 Wi[dome in Gubernation.
§ 4sfor Conver[atieu , certainly it ought not to be affe-
cted, but much leffe defpifed ; feeing a wile moderation
thereof, hath both an honoursand grace of Manners in it
felfe, and a powerfull influence forthe apt manage of Bu-
fineffe,as well Publique;as Private. For as A (tion in an Ora-
tor is (o much refpected;(thoe it be but an outward quality)
that it is preferr’d before thofe other Parts which feeme
- more grave and intrinfeque; fo Comver/ation & the govern-
mentthereof;in aman of a Civile Pra&ique life ( however
it confifteth in outward ceremonies ) finds , if notthe chie-
feft,yet certainly a very eminent place. Of what {pecial! im-
portment the very (ountenance is,and che compofure there<
ofthe Poet infinuats where he faith,
Aaa Nee
De Petit.
Confulatiis
Lib. XII.
Epift. ad
Att,
Livius.
Or «THe ADvANCEMENT
Nec vultu deftrue verba iuo.
A man may cancell and utterly betray the force of his
words, with his Ceuntesance. Nay the Deedsas wellas
Words may likewife be deftroyed by the (owstesance » if we
may believe Cicero, who when he would commend to his
Brother Affabilitic towards the Provincials faid , that is did
not chiefly confift in this to give eafic acceffe unto his Per-
fon,unleffe likewife he received them courteoully evenwith
his Countenance; Nil intereft babere oftinu-,apertum>,yultums
claufum: It ts nothing wonne,to admit men with an open dore, and
toreceive themwith a [hut and referved countenance. So we {ee
Atticw before the firft interview between Cafar and Cicero,
the warre depending did diligently and ferioufly advife Ci-
cero by a letter touching the compofing and ordering of his
countenance and gefture. Andifthe government of the Face
and Countenance alone be of fuch effect ; how much more is
that of familiar ffeecb & otherearriage appertaining to Con-
verfation. And indeed the fumme and abridgement of the
Grace and Elegancy of Behaviour, isfor moft part compri-
zed in this that we meafure in ajust ballance and maintaine both
oir con Honour andthe Reputation of others. The true Module
whereof T: Livius hath well expreffed (thoe intended toan
other purpofe) in the Character ofa Perfon; Lea$? (faith he)
Ifbould [eem either arrogant or obnoxious, whereof tbe one ts the
humor of aman that forgets the libertte of another ; the other of a
manthat forges the liberty of him/elfe. But on the other fide if
Crbanity and outward Elegancy of" Bebavicur be intended
too much;they paffe intoa deformed & counterfeit Afeda-
tion. Quid enim deformiw quam [cemam in vitam transferre.
To Aé a mans life; Butthough they fall not by infenfible de-
.*-
grees into that vitious extreme; yettoomuch time is confu-
med inthefe (mall matters; and che mind by ftudying them
istoo much déprefs d anid broken. And therefore as Tutors
and Preceptors ufeto advifeyoung Students in Univerhities,
toomuch addicted to. keep! company; by fayings Amicos effe
Fares temporis; fo certainly thisfame continuall intention of
the minde upon the comeliveffeof Behaviour: ,is a.great theefe
| ssa to
Or Learnine. Lis. VIII. 369
to more folemne Meditations. Againe, fuch as are fo exact-
ly accomplifht i# Vrbanitic,and {eeme,as it were; form'd by
nature for this quality alone,are commonly of fuch a difpo-
ficion,as pleafe chemfelves in this one habit onely , and fel-
dome aípire to higher and more folide virtues: whereas on
the contrary ,thofe that are con{cious to themfelves of a De-
fect this way, feek Comelinelfe by Reputation, for where Re-
putation is,almoft every thing becommeth; but where that
is nobit muft be fupplied by Pantoes & Complement. Ac aine,
there is no greater or more frequent impediment of A&ion
than an overcurious obfervance of Decency & of that other
ceremony attending on itwhich is a too;{crupulousElefion
of time G opportunities: for Solomon faith excellently, qui obfer-
Yat venti non feminat A2. qui confiderat nubes nunqu A metet; We
muft make opportunity oftner then finde it. To conclude;
this comely grace of Behaviour is,as it were, the Garment of
the Minde, and therefore muft have the conditions of
a Garment: for firft it oughtto be fuchas is in fafhion;
againe , it oughtnot tobe too curiousor coflly; chan it
oughttobe fo fhaped asto fet forth any good making of
the mind, and co fupply and hide any deformity; laftly and
above all, it ought not to be too ftrait, or foto reftraine
the fpirit, as to repreffe and hinderthe motion thercof in
bufineffe. But this part of Civile knowledge touching (Conver-
fation, hath bin indeed elegantly handled nor can it any
way be reported as Deficient. |
Ecclef.11i
Aaa 2 CAP,
370
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
PEPES LESS SS SESS Sh GSES SES ES SS ebbe bebe obi bebe
CAP. II.
1. The Partition of the Doétrine of Negociation into the knowledge
of difperfed Occafions, II. Andinto the Knowledge of the
Advancement of life. § Examples of the knowledge of Scat-
ter'd Oscafions from [ome ef Solomons Parables. § Precepts
touching the Advancement of fortune.
. Baas He knowledge touching Negotiation, we will
A Ke divideinto à knowledge concerning Scatter’d
Jl: Occafions ; and the Knowledge concerning the
Advancement of Life; whereof the one comprehends all the
variety of Bufineffesand is,as it weresthe Secretary of a Pra-
étique courfe of life ; the other onely feleéts and fuggefts
fuch obfervations as appertaine to the advancing of a Mans
proper fortune, which may beto every man as intimate and
zeferved Table-Books and Memorials iof their Affaires.
§ Butbeforewedefcénd to the Particular kinds , wee
will {peak fomething by way of Preface, in generall, tou-.
chingthe The knowledge of Negociation. The knowledge of Ne-~
gociatio no man hath handled hetherto according to the
dignity ofthe Subject;to the great derogation of Learning,
& the Profeffors of Learning: for fró this root fpringeth that
note of Duillneffe which hath defamed theLearned, which is;
That there dr no great concurrence betweene Learning aud Pra-
étique wif dome. For,if a man obferve it well,of the. three wif-
domes which we have fet downe to pertaine to Civile life, .
that of Comverfation is by learned men for the moft part de-
fpifed as a fervile thing and an enimie to Meditation.As for
that wi/dome concerning Government , Learned men acquit
themfelves well, when they are called to the manage of Ci-
vile Affaires in ftate, but that is a Promotion which happe-
nethto few. Concerning the Wispome oF Busr
NE SSE (whereof we now fpeak) wherein mans life is
moft converfant;there be no Books at all written of it ex-
cept
Qr Learnine. Lis. VIII 371
cepta handfull ortwo of fome few Civile Advertifeiments,
that haveno proportion to the magnitude of this Subjeà.
For ifthere wereBooks extant of this Argument,as of other;
Idoubtnor , but Learned men with meane expérience
would farre excel men of long experience without Lear-
ning; and out-/boot them (as they fay) intheir own Bowe. Nei-
ther isthere any caufe why we fhould feare leaft the Matter
of this Knowledge fhould be fo various , that it could not fall
under Precepts, torit is much narrower than the Science of
Government which notwithftanding we fee is exactly la-
bourd,and fubdued. Of this kinde of Wifdome, it feemes
there have bin fome Profeflors amongftthe Romans in their
Deft and wifeft times. For Cicero reports that it was in ufe a Cicero.
litle before his time for Senators,that had the the name and
opinion for wife and experienced men (the Ceruncanii,Cu-
rvii,Lalii,and others) to walke at certaine houresin the Fo-
rum NN herethey might give acceffe and audience to the Ci-
tizens,and might be confulted withall; net onely touching
v point of Law, but of al forts of Bufine[fe; as ofthe Marriage of a
Daughter,or of the Lringing ap of a Sonne; or of a Purcha[e, of a
Bargaine of an Accufation, Defence; and every other occafion
incident to mans life. By this itplainly appeares that thereis
a Wifdome of giving Counfil and Advife even in Private Bufi-
neffe, arifing out of an univerfall infight into the Affaires of
the World; which isufed indeed upon particular Caufes;but
is gathered by generall obfetvation of Caufes of like nature.
For fo we fee inthe Book which Q.(icerowriteth unto his
Brother,De Petitione Con(ulatu ( being the onely Booke of Q.Cicer
Particular Bufineffe that I know written by the Ancients ) de Petitio-
althoe it concerned {pecially an A&ion then on foot , yet itn Confil.
containes in itmany Politique Axiomes , which prefcribe
not only temporarie ufe; buta perpetual direction in the
cafe of Popular Elections. And inthis kinde nothing is extant
which may any way be compar'd with thole Aphorifmes
which Solomon the King {et forth, of whom the Seriptures
teftifie; That his Heart was asthe Sands ofthe Sea: For asthe t-Reg. tv.
Sands of the Sea de incompaffe al the utmoft bounds ofthe
Aaa 3 world,
372 Or THE ADVANCEMENT
world; fo his wifedome comprehended all matters, as well
humane; as divine. In thefe Aphorifmes you fhall cleerely
difcover, befide thofe precepts which are more divine, ma-
ny moft excellent Civile precepts and advertifements,
fpringing out of the profound fecrets of wifdome, and flow-
ing over into a large field of variety. Now becaufe we re-
portas DeFIciENT, the Doctrine touching difperfed occafions,
(which is afirft portion of theknowledge of Bufine[fe) we
will, after our manner, ftay a while upon it, and propound
an example thereof,taken outofthofe Aphorif/mes, or Para-
bles of Solomon. Neither is there in our judgement, any caufe
of juftreprehenfion; forthat we draw from writers of fa-
cred Scripture, fomething toa political fenfe; for Iam ve-
rily of opinion, that if thofe Commentaries of the fame Solo-
mon were now extant concerning Nature (,wherein he hath
z.Reg. 1v. Written of allVegetables, From the Moffe upon the wal, to the
Cedar of Libanus; and of living creatures) it were not unlaw-
fullto expound them according to a naturall fenfe; the fame
liberty we may take in the Politiques.
AMANV- € AN EXAMPLE OF A PORTION OF
ENSIS A the Doctrine concerning DisPERsED
S deer. Occasions, from fome
fionibus “Parables of Solomon.
Sparfis.
THE PARABLE, .
Prove xv. 12 1. Aloft Anfwere appeafeth.Wrath.
THE EXPLICATION.
Ifthe wrath of a Prince or of agreat Perfon be kindled
againft thee, and itbe now thy turne to fpeak; Solomon gives
in precept two points; one is, that ananfwere be made; the o-
ther, chat the (ame befoft. The Firftcontainesthree precepts;
Firkt that you beware of a fad, and fullen filence: for that either
charges the fault wholly upon your felfe, as if you had no-
_ thing to fay for your felfe, or clofely appeacheth your —
er
EN V IL
Or LzanNiNG. Lis. VIII 373
fter of {ome injuftice, as if his eares were not open to a juft
Defence. Secondly that you beware of delaying and putting off
a Bufine[[z,and that you ctave nota longer day to give in your
defence. for this procraflination,either infinuates the fame
prejudice the former did, ( which is that your Lord and
Mafter is led away with too much pafsionand partiality)
and plainly betraies, that you are divifing (ome cunning and
counterfeit Apology, feeing you have no prelent anfwere
ready. Wherefore it is ever the beft courfe to fay fomething
inftantly in your own defence, according as the occafion of
the prefent bufineffe fhall adminifter. Thirdly thar by ad
means» an anfwere be made ; an anfwere (Ifay ) nota meere
confefsion or 2 meere fubmifsion, but yet not without
fome fprinklings of an Apology and excufe let fall here and
there; nor is it fafe to beare your felfe otherwife, unleffe you
haveto deale with very generous and noble difpofitions;
which are very rare. It followes in tbe fecond place, that
the aniwere made; be foftand temperate; and not harfh
and peremptory.
THE PARABLE.
HL Awwife Servant [ball have command over — Prov.xvi1)
areproachfull Sonne, and [ball divide the
Taberitance among the brethren.
THE EXPLICATION,
LÍ all troubled and difagreeing Families, there ever arif- :
-ethup fome fervant or gentle friend powerfull with both
fides; which may moderate, and compound the differences
of the Family; to whom; in that refpect, the whole houfe
and the mafter himfelfe are engae’d and beholding. This
Servant, if he aime. only, athis own ends, cherifhes and
aggravates the Divifions of a Family; but if he be fincerely
faithfull, and upright, certainly he deferves much, fo, as to
be reckonéd as one of the brethren, ‘orat leaft; to receive a
Fiduciary Adminiftration of the inheritance. ;
HE
374 Or THE ADVANCEMENT
= THE PARABLE,
Provaxtx.9- II] Jf awife man contefts with a Foole, whet her
he bein anger,or injeft, there 1sno quiet.
THE EXPLICATION.
E areoftenadmonifhtto avoid unequal commerce;
inthis fenfe, sot to contend with our Betters: but it is
a no leffe profitable inftru@ion, which Solomon
here fets downe, Not toundertake a worthleffe per[on; fox tuch
abufineffe is ufually concluded upon termes of difadvan-
tage; forto overcome is no victory, but to be conquerd a
foule difgrace:and itis allone in the heatof this engage-
ment, whether we deale by way of jefting, or by way of
difdaine and {corne, for howfoever we change Copy, we
areembafedand made the lighter thereby; nor fhall we
handfomely come off with credit. But the worft inconve-
nience of all iss whenthe Perfon with whom we contend
(as Solomon {peaks) hath fomewhatof the Foole in him;
ae is, if he be witleffe and wilfull; have fome heart, no
raine. :
THE PARABLE.
Eccefvis-u. IV. Lend not an Eare to all words that are fpo-
Ken , left perchance thou bearftthy fervant
curfe thee,
THE EXPLICATION.
T is a matter almoft beyond beliefe, what difturbance is.
I created by unprofitable curiofty about thofe things which.
concerne our perfonall intereft; that is, when we make:
atoo {crupulous enquiry after fuch fecrets; whichonce dif-
clofed and found out, doe but caufe moleftation of mind,
and nothing conduce tothe advanceing of our defignes. For}
firfitbere followes vexation and difquictneffe of Mind ; bein)
that
Or Learnine. Lis VIII. 375
that all humane affaires are full of faithlefneffe and ingra-
titude; fo as if chere could be procured fome enchanted glaf-
wherein we might behold the hatred, and whatfoever
malice is any way raifed up againftus; ic were better for us
chat fuch'a glaffe, were forthwith throwne away and bro-
ken. For (landers of this nature, are like che impotent mur-
mures of Leaves on Trees, andin fhort time vanifh. Se-
condly, this (uriofity fils the mind with ungrounded jealoufies,
which isa capitall enimy to Counfils; and rendetsthem in-
conftant and involy’d. Thirdly, the fame curiofity doth .often-
times fixe evills, which of tbemfelves would fly away. For it is.a
dangetous matter for to provoke mens confciences; who if
they think chemfelves undifcover’d, are eafily chang d to
the better; butif once they perceive themíelves difmaskt,
they drive out one mifchiefe with an other. Wherefore ie
was defervedly judgd, a point of great wifdome.in Pormpei- piutar. in -
w Magnus,that he inftantly burnt all. Sertorims papers un- Pomp.
perus'd by himfelfe; or permitted to be fo by others.
THE PARABLE...
V. Thy Poverty fhall come asaTravellour, . eoe:
and thy Want as an armed Man, -
THE EXPLICATION. ^
L this Parable, itis elegantly deféribed how the fhip-
, wrack of Fortunes falls upon Prodigalls.& on fuch as are
cateleffe of their Eftates, for Debt &Diminutionof ftock,
comes upon them at firft by infenfible degrees with foft-fi-
lent paces; likea Traveller, and is hardly perceived ; but
foone after necefity invades him like an armed man, that is,
with fo ftrong and potent an armé as there is no more refi-
ftance to be made; fo it was faid by the Ancients; that of all
things nece[sity was the Strongeft. Wherefore we mutt pre-
ventthe Travellour; and be well provided againft the ar-
med Man. (
Bbb n. ^
376
Or THEADVANCEMENT
THE PARABLE.
Prov. 1x 7: VE. He that inflrutts a corner, precures to bim-
Mat.7.
Prov. Xe |
(— felfe a reproach, and be that reprebends awicked
man,procures to bimfelfe 4 ftaine..
: : THE EXPLICATION. .
pa Fa His Parable agrees with our Saviours precept) That ve
Vk eaff not our Pearles before fvine.In this Parable the AGi-
ons of Inftruction, & of Reprebenfion arediftinguifht: asalfo
the A&ionsof a feorner, and of acwicked: perfon. Laftly that
which is retaliated; is differenced: ‘Forin the former part,
loft labour is return d; in the latter, a ftaine and difhonour is
repaid. For when a nian teacheth and inflruéteth à fcorwer,
firft the timethus imployed is caft away; and then others al-
fo deride hispaines; as a fruitleffe defigne; and a labour ill
placedsLaft of all, chefcorner himfelfe defpifeth the know-
ledge which he hath learned. But the matter is tranfacted
with greater danger in the reprebenfion of the wicked; becaufe
a wicked nature, not only gives no eare to advife,but turnes
head againft his Reprebender, now made odious unto him;
whom he either wounds: prefently with conrumelies; or
traduces afterwards to others.
THE. PARABLE.
vi. A wife Sonne is tbe eladneffe of his Father-but
a [aolifb Sonne is the fadneffe of bis Mother.
THE EXPLICATION.
5 das joyes and griefes domefticall of Father and Mother
crouching theirChildré,are here diftinguifhe.for a wife
and well-govern’d Sonne, is chiefly a comfort;to the Father,
who knowes the value of virtue, better than the Mother,
and therefore more rejoyceth at the towardlineffe of his
Senneinclinableto goodneffe: yea and it may be his edu-
cation
Or LrzanwixG. Lis. VIII — 377
cation of him, that he hath brought hima up fo well; and im-
planted in his tenderyears, the Civility of manners; by pre-
cepts and example,is, ajoyuntohim. Ox the other fide, the
Mather is more gtiev’d,and difcomtorted at the calamity of
a Sonne; both becaufe the affection of a Mother is more foft
and tender; as alfoperchance, being confcious of hir too
much indulgence, fhe hath tainted and corrupted his ten-
der years.
THE PARABLE,
vit, The memory of the lufl is blefl; but the. Prov.x.-7
name of the wicked [ball putrify.
THE EXPLICATION.
H ere is diftinguifht che Fame of good men and of evill;
fuch as cómonly falls.out after Death. for the Name of
good men; after envy is extinguifht, (which cropt the blof-
{ome of their Fame, while they were alive) prefently
fhootes up and flourifheth; and their Praifes daily encreale
in ftrength and vigor: but for wicked men (though their
Fame through the partiall favour of Friends, and of men of
their own faction laft for a fhort time) a deteftation of their
Name {prings up, and atlaft their tranfient glory exhales in
infamy,and expiresin a filthy and noifome odor.
THE PARABLE,
1x, He that troubles his own boufe foall Prov. xt...
inherit the winde.
"THE EXPLICATION.
Very profitable admonition touching Difcord and
Domeftique Breachés. Many promife to themfelves
. great matters; by the diffentions of Wives, orthe Difn-
heriting of Sonnes; orthe often changing of Servants; as ifthe
Tranquillity of mind, or the adminiftration of their Affaires
Bbb 2 were
378 Or THe ADVANCEMENT
were by this means advanced; and fhould become more
profperous unto them. But commonly’ their ‘hopes tur ne to
winde ; for thofe alterations ’;* for moft part’, fucceed ill,
and thofe Persurbers of ibeir owne "boufe , olten times
meet with many vexátions; "and ingratitudes from them,
whom (pafsing by others) cheyádopred'and loved? Nay by
| chis means they draw upon their Perfons ill Repótts, and
C Pet. doubtfull rumors. For itis well noted of Cicero, Omnem fa-
tet quam a Domeflicis emanare. Both chefe evils, Salomon excel-
lently expreffes by the inberirance of winds. for the Fruftrating
of Expe tation; and the raifing of Rumors, are rightly com-
pared to' Winds. heat Ww Vis ik wi |
_ THE PARABLE,
Feclefvix ,,. X. Better is theend-of a fpcech,thanthe.~ —
Begining thereof co
f19
cos o oq DR BROT TC A TION...
£A Bis Parable caxethy, andreformiesa 'freqiieht error
«d. committed; noconly by them which chiefly Shady
words; but evenby the more wife and gtave. The er-
ror isthissthatmen.are more felicitous of the ingreffe and en-
trance of their (peech; than of the clofe and iffe: and move exattly
meditate the Exordiums and Pyefaces;than the conclufions of
beeches. But they fhould neither neglect thofe, and yet
have thefeabout thern; as the more material parts , ready
prepar’d and digefted, confiderin ,with themfelves, and fo
farre, as may be, fore-cafting in their minds, what may be
the iffue of fpeech'and’tonterente atlaft; and bufineffes
thereby may E promotedand matured. Yet thisis not all;
for you muft no: only f?udy Epiloguzs, and conclufions of
feechesswhich may be pertinent to bufinelfes bt alfo regard muft
betaken of [uch fpeeches, as may aptly.and pleafantly be cast in,
at the very in[Lant of your departure, altboe they shave no refe-
rence at alltotbe bufinelfein hana. V-knew. two Counfilors ;
Perfonages of high ranke,and wife mén;and on whom the
bi Ld sj j charge
Or I avd ibis. VIII | 79
charge of State-affaires did chen principally depend; whofe
common, and, to them, peculiar cuftome it was, that fo of-
ten asthey were.to negociate with their Princes about their:
own affairés, neverto clofe their conference with any mat-
ter referring to: that bufineffe; but ever feek diverfions,
either by way of jeft; or by fomewhat,that was delightful
to heare; and fo; asthe Adage renders it, wa/b over at the con-
clufion of all their'Sea-water difcour{es, with frefb fountaine wa-
ter. And this-ufage was one of their chiefe Artsé:
inni EHE RARABLEs |o
XL As dead Flies caufe the beft oyntnient, to Jend Edet.s: «
forth an ill Odor fodotha litle folly bim that
ain reputation forwifdomeand honour.
a^ THE EXPLICATION. ob yd:
£T? He cafe of Men remarkable for eminent gifts, is very
unhappy and miferable (as the Parable excellently
^motes,) becaufe their errors; be they never fo fmall
find no temifsion: But asin a pure Diamond every Jet yraines
or litle cloud; ftrikes the eye; and affedts it Wich°a Kind of
trouble; which upon 2 more groffe Diamond would hard-
ly be difcerned: even fo in meh of eminent parts’, the leaft
infirmities are prefently fpied, talked of , and ‘more deeply
cenfur'd; whichin men of more meane and obfcure guifts
and ranke, wouldeither altogither paffe without’ notice, or
eafily procure pardon. Therefore a litle Folly in a very wife
aman; and a (mall offence in avery bone man; and a flight inde-
cency of manners in à man of Courtly and Elegant behaviours
much derogates from their fame and reputation. So chat it. is
not the worft courfe for eminent perlons, to mingle fome ab-
fur dities ( fo it may be done without guilt) iz theiP Actions;
that they may retaine a kind of liberty to themfelves, and
confoundthe characters of fmallerdefects. ^
Bbb 3 oro pig
s$0 | (Or Tuk ADVANCEMENT
aon ra bib beoe
(THE, PARABLE. 1393 bci
Povxux" xn, Scornfull men infnare a Citty,but
.. Wifemen divert wrath...
THE EXPLICATION |
Iz may feem ftrange, that Solomon in the defcription of
men, made, as it were, and by naturefram'd to thé ruine
and deftruction of ftate, hath chofen the character; not
of a proud and infolent man} not ofa tyrannicalland cruell
nature; not of a rafh and violent man;. sot of. an impious
and wicked perfon; not of a feditious and turbulent fpirit;
wot of an inéontinentand fenfüallinclination; not of a foo-
lifh and unable Períon; but ofa Scorner.Büt this is a judge-
ment; worthy the wifdome ofthat King , who beft knew
thegreunds of the'confervation, oreverfion of a ftate. For
there is not commonlya like.Plague to. Kingdomes and
Commonwealths, than if Counfilors of Princes, or; Sena-
tors» and fuch as fit atthe helme of Goverment, are; by na-
ture Scorners. For fuch perfons, that they. may win the re-
putation of undanted ftates-men, doe ever extenuate the
greatnefle of dangers, and infult over thofe that valew dan-
gers, according tothe true waight; as timorous and faint.
hearted natures. They fcoffe at all maturedelayes, and me-
ditated debateings of matters by confultation; and delibera-
tion; as a thing too much tafting of an oratory-veine; and
full oftedioufneffe; and nothing conduceing tothe.fumme
and iffues of Bufineffe. As for Fame, at which the,counfils
of Princes fhould efpecially levell, they contemne it, a the
fpittle of the vulgar, and athing will quickly be blown over.
The powre and Autority of Lawes, they re{peét no more,
thanas cobwebbs, which fhould not inínare matters of
greater confequence : (ounfils and Precautions, forefeeing
events a farre off, they rejeét,asmeere dreams and Melan.
choly apprehenfions : men ferioufly wife’, and well feen in
the world, and of great reíolurion and Counfil,they qe
wit
Or Learnine. Lis. VIII. 381
with gibes and jeafts : in a word, they doe at once prejudice,
and weaken the whole foundation of Civile government;
which is the moreto be looked into, becaife the Action is
performed by fecret fraude, atid hot opén force; and is a
practife not fo fufpected; as it demerites.
THE PARABLE,
xu. APrince thatlends a walling earetoliess — o sax 12-
bis fervants are all wicked,
THE EXPLICATION. |
Wis a Prince; is of füch a temper asto lendan eafy
and credulous eare, without due examination, to De-
| trattors and Sycophants, chere breaths a peftilentiall
ayre from the Kings fide; which corrupts 22 infe fs all bis fer-
yants. Some feele out the feares and jealoufies of a Prince,
and aggravate the fame withfain'd reports. Others awake
the furies ofenvy, efpecially againft the beft deferving in
theftate: Orhers feek to wafh away their own guilt, and
the ftaines of a foule confcience, by defaming others: Others
give faileto the Honours and wiflies of their friends, by
traduceing, and debafeing the merit of their competitors:
Others compofe Fabulous enterludes againft their enimies
and concurrents, as if they were upon the flage; and infi-
nitefuch like. Andthefe are the Arts of fitch’ fervants to.
Princes, as are ofa vileandbafe nature. But they ‘that are of
a mote honeft difpofition, and better eivilz’d; when they
perceive their innocence to beno fafe fanétuary (in that
their Prince knowes not how to diftinguifli between trnth
and falfehood ) they put off morall honefty, and gather in
the Court-windes; and are therewith; carried about in3
fervile manner. Foras Tacitus faith of Clatidiit: There is mo Aliud fons
Safety with that "Prince, into whofe head all things are convayed, AE
as it were, by infufion and diretlion from others, Aud (Commines wutoie de
very well, 7t d better to be fervantto a Prince, whofe jealoufies Commines.
bave no end, then to à Prince whbefe Credulity bath m meane.
Tur
392 Or THEADVANCEMENT
THE PARABLE.
Provxis.@ xIv.. A Luft man is mercifullto the life of bis Beaft,
but the mercies of the wicked are cruell.
THE EXPLICATION.
T Here is implanted in man by nature,a noble and ex-
cellent Affection of “Piety and compaffion, which ex-
tends it felfe evento bruit creatures, that are by di-
vine ordination fubje&to bir command: andthis Compafi-
on hath fome Analogy with that of a Prince towards his fub-
jects. Nay farther, it is moft certaine, that the more noble
the mind is, the more compafsionate it is; for contracted
& degenerate minds; think thefethings nothing to pertaine
tothemsbutthe Mind, whichisa nobler portion of the
world, is affected inthe groffe out of community. Where-
fore we fee that there were under the old Law, many pre-
cepts, not fo meerely Ceremonial, as InStitutions of Mercy;
fuch as was that of not eating flefh with the blood thereof, and
the like. evenin the fe& ofthe Ejfeans and Pythagoreans,
they altogither abftain’d from eating Flefb, which to this
day is obferved by an inviolate fuperflition, by many of the
Eafterne people under the Mogol. Nay the Turkes, ( both
by Defcentand Difcipline acruell and bloudy Nation) yét
beftow almes upon Bruit Creatures; and cannot endure to
fee the vexation and torture of any live thing. But leaft,
swhat we have faid, fhould perchance feemto maintaine all
kinds of Mercy; Salomon upon found advice annexeth;
That the Mercies of the wicked are cruel: Thefe mercies, are,
when leud and wicked perfons, are {pard from being cut
off by the (word of juftice; this kind of Mercy is more (ru-
ellthan Cruelty icfelfe: for (ruelty is extended in practife on
particulars; butthiskind of Mercy, bya grant of impunity,
armes and fubornes the whole band of impious men a-
gainftthe innocent.
THE
Os Learnina. Lis: VIII 38
J THE PARABLE.) :
xv. A Foole utters all bis minde, but awife-man sois. o
referves ‘fomewhat for hereafter.
THE EXPLICATION.
He Parable (it feemes) efpecially corrects; not the Fu-
tility of vaine Perfons, which eafily utter, as well
_ what may be fpoken, as what fhould be fecreted: sor
the bold roveing language of {uch as without all difcretion
and judgement fiie uponall men and matters: Not Garruli-
ty,whereby they fillothers even to a furfet: but another vice,
more clofeand retired; namely the Government of fpeech, of
all adventures the leaft prudent and politique, which is,
when aman [o manages bis [peecb in private conference, as what-
foever is in bis mind, which be concetves any way pertinent tothe
purpofe and matter in hand, out it muff, at once, as it were, ite
one breath, and ina fet continued difcour[e: this is that which
doth much prejudice Bufinefle. For fir, 4. difcontinued
feb, broken off by interlocutions, and inftill’d by parts,
penetrates deeper, than a fzttled continued fhecch; becaufe
that inacontinued Difcourfe, the weightof Matters is
not precifely and diftin&ly taken, nor by fome convenient
refts fufferd to fixe; but Reafon drives out Reafon before it
be fullyfettled inthe Comprehenfion of the Hearers. Se-
condly there is no man of fo powerfull and happy a Delive-
ry of himfelfe;as at the firft onfer & encountre of his fpeech;
he isable foto ftrike him dumbeand fpeechleffes with
whom he difcourfeth;but that the other will make fome
interchangeable reply,and peradventure object fomething:
and then it may fall outsthat, what fhouldhave been referv'd
for refutation & replication, by this unadvi(ed anticipation
beeing difclofed and tafted before-hand?loofeth its ftrength
and giace. Thirdly ifa man difcharge not all ac once what
might be faid, but deliver himtelfe by Parcells; now one
thing,atton'‘cafting in an other, he fhall* gather from the
Roni dit ( crs looks
384 Or THEÁÀBYANCEMENT
lookes and anfwers of him with whom he difcourfeshow
every particular Paflage affectes him ánd in what fort they
find acceptation;foc as what is yet remaining to bef, poken;
he may with greater Caution either felect, or filence.
iTHE PARABLE.
Eeleix.s. xvi. Ifthe Difpleafure of a Great Manrife u
againft thee, forfake not thy Place; for. P
pliant demeanure pacifies
"great Offences.
THE EXPLICATION.
T He Parable gives in Precept, how a man ought to de-
A meanehimlelfe, having incurr'd the wrath, and dif-
pleafure of his Prince. The Precept hath two bran-
ches. Firftzbat be relinguifh not his place; Secondly, that with
caution and diligence he attend the Cures as in cafe of fome dan-
gerous difeafe. For men are wont after they perceive their
Princes difpleafure againft them; to retire themíelves from
the execution of their charge and office; partly out of an im-
patience of difgrace; partly, left they fhould revive the
wound by beeing inthe Prefence; partly that Princes may
[ectheir forrow and humility, nay fometimes to refigne u
the Places and Dignities they held, . intothe hands of the
Prince. But Solomon cen{ures this way of (ures as, prejudi-
cious and hurtful, and thatupona very good ground. For
Sirft this courfe dothtoo much moie abroad the di[grace it felfes
Íoasenimies and enviers become more confident to. hurt,
and friends more fearfullto help him. | Secondly it. comes to
palfethat the wrath of the Prince, which, perchance.if it had
not bin publifhr, would have died of it_felfe, is now be-
come more fixt; and having once made way to histuines is
carried onto his utter fubverfion. ..LaStly, this retiring tafts
(omewhat of amalignant humor, and of one fallew out with the
titues; which cumulates the. evill of Jndignation, to the evil of
Sufpicion:
Or Learning. Urs: VIII.
fufpicion.Now the precepts for cure are chefe. Firff, above all.
things let him take heed that bé (eem notinfenfible or not fo affe-
led asin duty he ought io be, for the Princes difpleafure, tho-
tough a Hupidity or flubbornneffe of mind: that is,that he com-
poíehis countenance, not to a fullen,and coritamacious
fadneffe, burto.a grave and modeft penfiveneffe, and inall
‘matters of imployment, that he fhew himfelfe lefle plea-
fant, and checrefull chen he was wontto be;and it will pro-
mote his caíeto ufe the afsiftance and mediation of fome
friend;unto the Princes which may, feafonably infinuate,
with what feeling griefe he is inwardly affli&ted. Secondly
let him carefully avoide all, even the leaft occafions whereby the
matter that gave the first caufeto the indignation, might be re-
viv d; orthe Princetake occafion to‘ be againe difpleafed
with him, orto rebuke him for any thing, before others.
Thirdly, let bimwith all diligence feeke out all occafions wherein
bis fervice may be acceptable to his“Princes that he may fhew
both a prompt affection to redime his fore-paft offence;and
that bis Prince may underftand whata good fervant he may
chance to be deprived of; if hethus caft him off. Fourthly,
that by a wife art of Policy, be either lay the fault it felfe upon
others; or infinuate that it was committed with noill intention. or
make remon[Irance of their Malice, who accu[ed bim to tbe King,
and aggravated che matterabove demerit. Laff of all, let
him be every way circum{pett and intent uponthe Cure.
THE PARABLE.
xvi. Lhe Firft in his own caufe is Iuft,than comes
the other Party and inquires into him.
THE EXPLICATION. |
TH firft information in any caufe, if it a litle fixe it felfc
inthemindofthe Judge, takes deep root; and wholly
feafons and prepoffefleth it; fo as it can hardly be taken
out,unleffe fome manifeft falfhood be found in the matter
of Information; or fome cunning dealing, in exhibiting
G"c-e2 and
Prov.
XVIII. (72
386 |! Or THE ADVANCEMENT
andlaying openthefame. Forabare and fimple defence,
thoe it bejuft and more waighty, hardly compenfates the
prejudice of the firft information, or is of force of it felfeto
reduce the fcales of Jufticesonce fwayd downe, to an equall
waite. Wherefore icis the fafeft courfe both for the Judge,
that nothing touching the proofes and’ merit, of the 'canfe,
be intimated before-hand untill both ‘parties be heardtogi-
ther;and the beft for the Defendant, if he perceive the
Judge preoccupated;to labour principally in this (fo farte
asthe quality of the caufe will admit) to difcover fome
cunning fhiftand fraudulent dealing pra@tifed by the ad-
verfe party tothe abufe of the Iudge. 7
THE PARABLE,
Provacax,.XVILS.. He that delicately brings up bi fervant from
".. achild, fall finde bim contumacions in tbe end.
THE EXPLICATION. |
1) Rinces and Mafters, from the Counfil of Solomon, mufl
E. eepamean inthe difpenfation of their Grace and Fayour
towards Sérpanis. ‘The meane is threefold; Firft, that
Servants be promoted by degrees and not by faults. Secondly,
that they be. now and then accuflomed to repulfes: Thirdly
Machia. (which Machiavelliwell advifeth ) that they have everin
Ga Hv fight beforethem fomething whetherto they may farther a[fire.
Forunleffe thefe courfes be taken in the raifing of fervants,
Princes fhall beare away from their fervants, infteed ofa
thankfull acknowledgement and dutifull obfervances, no-
thing but difrefpect and contumacy: for from fodaine promo-
tionarifeth infolency; from a continued atchievement of
their defires, an impatience of Repulfe: ifthe accomplifh-
ment of wifhes be wanting; alacrity and induftry will like-
wifebe wanting. '
THe
Or Learnine. Efrs. VIII "ed E
THE PARABLEi--
xIx. Seoft thou a manof Difpatch in bis Bufme[fe: vs cuui, 1o
he hall fland before Kings , be fhall not be
ranked among/t mean men. | |
THE EXPICATÍION. j
A Mongft the qualities. which Princes doe chiefly res
Ípect and require in the choice of their fervants, ¢ele-
rity aud alatrity inthe, Difpatch of Bufine[fe, is above all,
the rest » moft acceptable. Men of profound Wifdome are lufz
pected by Kings, as mentoofpeculativeand penetrating;
and fuch as are able bythe ftrength of wit, as. with an ens
gine, toturne and winde their Mafters, beyond their com,
prehenfion and againft their inclination. Popular. natures
are {pighted as thofe that ftand in the light of Kings, and
draw thé eyes ofthe people upon themfelves. Men of cow
rage, are commonly taken for turbulent {piritssand dareing,
more than is meet. Honeft men and of an impartial up-
right converfation, aré éftimed too ftiffe and ftoicall; nor fo
pliable as they fhould be to the whole pleature. of thofeon
whom they dépend. To conclude, thére is not any other *°
good quality, which prefents not (ome fhadow, where-
with the minds of Kings may not be offended; . only quick-
neffe of Difpatch in tbe execution of commands, hath nothing in it
which may not pleafe. Againe, the motions of the minds of
Kings are (wift and impatient of delay; for they think they
can doeall things; onely this is wanting, that it be done ont
of band; wherefore above all other qualities celerity à to them
most acceptable.
THE PARABLE, |
xx, l/[awalltbelving which walke ob ur ot f RM
with the fu ucceeding young Prince, that fha rife
up in his flead. mazda i
Cre 23 Tus
388
Tacit.
Annal.6,
Plutar.in
Pomp.
Or THE ApvANCEMENT
THE EXPLICATION.
: He parable notes the vánitie ofmen who are wont to preffe
BL and flock about the defigned fucceffrs of Princes: The
root of this vanity is that Frenzieimplanted by nature in the
mindes of men,which is, that they too‘ extremely affe&
their own projected hopes. For the man à rarely found that is
not more delighted withthe contemplation of bis future Hopes,
thenwiththe fruition of what he poffe[fetb. So further, Novéltie is
pleafing tomans nature y and earneftly defired. Now ina fücs.
ceffour to a Prince thefe two concurre; Hope and Novitie.
The Parable expreffeth the fame which was long agoe ut-'
terrd, firft by Pompeii to Syllayafter by Tiberius touching:
Macro;Plures adorarefolem Oricatem quam Occidentem. Yer.
notwithftanding Princes in prefent poffefSion ; are not:
much mov'dwith this fond humour ; nor make any great
matter ofit;as neither Syllanor Tiberius did; but rather {mile:
atthe levity ofmen;& doe not ftand to fight with Dreames,
for Hope (as he faid) is but tbeDreame of a man awake.
~gi line bg Na
THE PARABLE,
Ecl x XXL. . There wasa litle Cities, and mand but by a
yas ‘fews ana there was amighty King that drew
his army to it, and eretled Bulwarks againft
dt, and intrench't it round. Now there
yas found within the walls a poore wife’ man,
\and he by his wifdomeraisd tbe. fiege_ , but
none remembred that fame poore-man. |.
THE EXPLICATION.
qk He Parable de(cribeth the depraved and malignant na-
ture of Men. In extremity and ftraits they commonly
' flie for {an@uary to men of wifdome and power ; whom
before they difpis'd; but fo foon asthe ftorme is gone, they
become unthankfull creatures to their confervers. Maghia-
yell
4 "
oe C C MMCPERERERRRE
Or LgaRNiING. ‘Lis. VIII. 389
[ASH vh scho sa css eain cc oif RR Mae
yell not without reafon propounds a Queftion ; whether Ditorfo
fhould be more ingratefull to well deferving Per[ons , the Prince G^ Uv
ortbe People?But inthe meane he taxeth themboth of Ingra-— '
titude. Notwithftanding,this vile dealing arifeth not from
the ingratitude ofthe Prince or People alone ; but oft-times
there is added to thefe tbe envy of the Nobilitie, whoin (ecret
repine at the eventsthough happy and profperous;becaufe it
proceeded not from themfelves: wherefore they extenuate
the merit of rhe A&t and depreffe the Author.
THE PARABLE.
xx11. The way f. the flotbfull'is a Hedeeof T bornes. vs. i5. i
THE EXPLICATION.
TH Parable expreíTeth moft elegantly, thas fletb proves
Jaboriow intheend: Fora diligent and fedulous prepa:
ration effects thissthat che foot doth not ftrikeit felfe againft
any impediment, but that the way is levell'd before it be
gone. But hethat is flothfull and puts off all to the laft point
of Execution,it muft needs followsthat continually, and at
every {tep he paíTes as it were thorow Briars and Brambles,
which ever and atone entangle and detaine him. The fame
obfervation may be made upon the governing of a Family,
» wherein ifthere be a care and providence taken,all goes on
cheerefully and with a willing alacritie, without noyfe or
tumult: but if thefe fore-cafts be wanting when fome grea-
ter occafions unexpectedly fall out; all matters throng in to
be dilpatched at once; the fervants brawle, the whole
houle rings. ot HCSOLR, SERIE c Ma
ii et AE PRR ABER T 7:23210n1079?5f19
xxiti, Hethatrefpes Perfons in judgement doth rrov.28. > .
not well; for that man will forfake the truth
even for a peece of Bread,
7 r
stele
E X-
390 (Or. THe ADVANCEMENT
THE EXPLICATION.
T He Parable moft wifelynoteth that in a Judge, Facility
of Deportment is more pernicious then the corruption of
Bribes: for all perfons doe notgive Bribes, butthere is hard-
ly any caufe wherein fomewhat may not:be found »: that:
may incline the minde of the Judge, if Refpect of Perfons:
lead him. For one {hall be refpected as a Countrey-man,an-
other as an ill-congu'd man; another as a rich man; another:
as a Favorite; another as commended by a Friend; andto
conclude llis full of iniquity where re[pett of Perfons beares
rule; and for avery flight matter jas it were, for a peece of.
“Bread, Judgement is perverted.
THE PARABLE,
Prov. XXIV. A poore man that by extortion oppreffeth the,
Sain poore, ts like a land-floud chat caufes famine;
2 Tre Frti vri
I
THE) EXPLICATION.
^^ His Parable was by the Ancients expreft & fhadowed
T forth, under the Fable of the two Horfz-leeches, the full
and the hungry: for Oppreffien comming from the Poore and ne-
ceffitou perfons , is farre more heavy than the opprefion can-
fed by the full and Rich, becaufe it is {uch as [eekes out all Arts of
Exaétion , and all angles for money. This kinde of Opprefsi-
on was wont alfoto be refembled to fponges ; which being
dry fuck in ftrongly;not fo, bein moyft. The Parablecom-.
prehends inita fruitfull Inftru&tion ; both to Princes, that
they commit not the government of Provinces,or offices of
chargeto indigent and indebted perfons; as alfo to the peo-
ple that they fuffer not their Kings to be diftreffed with teo
THE
"Or Lramwix6. Lis. VIII 391
~Plli Due
I131
XXv.^
THE. EXPLICATION.
S He Patablegivesic in Precepts that States and Repub-
À liques must above all.things beware of an.wnjust and in-
famow fentence jm any caufe of grave importance, and exemplar
in the face of the world ; {pecially where the guilty is not quit-
ted, but the Tnnocent is.condemned. For Injuries ravageing a-
mong private perfons doe indeed trouble,and pollute the wa-
ters ef Iuflice , yet as in the fmaller Streames , but unjaf?
Judgements {uch as we have fpoken of, from which ex-
emplesare derived, infect & diftaine the very Fountannes
of Iuftice: for when the Courts of Iufticefide with Iniuftice,
the ftate of things isturned,as into a publique Robberie,and it
manifeftly comesto pafle, ut Homo Homini fit Lupus.
THE PARABLE.
xxvi. | eM ake no friend/hip with an angry man,nor Prov. ii 4
|. walk e thou with a Furtous Man.
THE EXPLICATION.
B Y how much the more devoutly the Lawes of Friénd-
fhip amongftgood men , are to be kept and obferved,
by fo much the more it ftandsus upon to ufeall Caution,
even at firft in a prudent ele&tion of Friends. In like manner
the difpofitiom and humours of Friends , fo far as concernes our
perfonall intereft, [bould by all meanes be difpen[ed withall : but
when they impofe a necefity upon w what quality of Perfons wee
muft put on,and [ufhaine,it à avery hard cafe aud an unreafo-
nable condition of Friend/hip.. Wherefore according to Salo-
mons Precept,it principally conduceth.to Peace , and Safety
inthe courfe of this world that ve intermingle not our affaires
Ddd with
392 Or THe ADVANCEMENT
id with Cholerique natures, and uch as eafily provoke and un-
dertake Quarrels and Debatés; for fuch kinde of Friends
willdaily efpoufeustoFactions and Contentions;that we
mutt of neceísity be forced to break offall termes of Friend-
fhip; or elfebe wanting to our own perfonall fafety.
THE PARABLE, -
xxvn, Hethatconceales a fault feekes Friend hip,
ponet but he that repeats a matter , feparates uni-
ted Friends.
THE EXPLICATION.
He way to arbitrate differences; andto reconcile affecti-
onsis oftwo forts. The one begins by an Amnefty 47. pa[-
fing over that which 1: paft. The other, from a Repetition of
wrongssinterlaceing Apologies and Excufations. For | xemem-
ber the {peech of a very wife Perfon,& à great States-man
which wasto thiseffect. Hee that deales about a Treaty of
Peace without any recapitulation of thetermes of Difference and
falling out; be rather deludes mens mindes with the fweetneffe of
an Agreement than compounds tbe differences, by equity and mo-
deration of Right. But Salomon, a wifer man than he;is of a
contrary opinion»approves AmnefFy , and prohibites Repeti-
tion: for in Repetition, there are thefe inconveniences , for
that itis,as it were angus 1n ulcere the nayle inthe ulcer; as al-
fothereis a danger of breeding anew Quarrell , for the Parties
at difference will never accord uponthe termes of their fal-
ling out. And laftly.for that inthe iffuesit brings the matter to A.
pologies: but both the one and the other Partie, would feeme
rather to remit an offence, than to admit of an excufation.
THE PARABLE,
Prova. XXVul Fnevery good worke there fhall be. abun-
Ed dance, but where words doe abound, there,
commonly ts want.
| THE
Or LEARNING. Lis. VIIL
THE EXPLICATION. _—
N this Parable Solomon feparates the fruit vf the Labour of
the Toungue, and of the labour of the Hands; as if wealth were
the Revenues of the one, want the Revenues of the other. For
itcommonly comes to paffe, that they that talke much;
boaft many things, and promife great matters; receive no
emolument from the things whereof they difcourfe: nay
rather fuch natures for moft part are no way induftrious,
and diligent at work, butonly feed and fill chemfelves
with words, as with winde. Certainly as {faich the Poet
~+---- Qui filet 25t firmus ------ .« for he that is
confcious to himfelfe of Proficiency in his indeavours, ap-
plaudes himfelfe inwardly, and holds his peace; but on the
contrary, he that is guilty to himfelfe of hunting after vaine
glory, talkes many things,andreports wonders to others.
THE PARABLE.
xXx. Open Repretenfion is better than
Jecret Affettion, ^
THE EXPLI€ATION.
He Parable reprehends the foft nature of Friends,which
~ Will not ufe the Priviledge of friendfhip, in admonifh-
ing their Friends with freedome and confidence; as well of
their errors as oftheir dangers. Forwbat fhall I doe2 . ( will
fuch a tenderhearted friend fay) or which way [ball 1 turne my
Jelfez I love him as dearly as any man can doe, and. if any mise
fortune [bould befall bim, I could willingly impawne my owneper -.
Jon for bis redemption, but 1 know bis difpoftion, of F deale freely
with bim. I [ball offend bim, at leaSt make bim adde» and yet doe.
ae good; and I /ball fooner eftrange bim frommy friend /bip than
reclaime him, or withdraw bim from tho[é courfes, which be bath
fixt and re[olved upon in his mind. Such afriend.as this, Solo-
mon here reprehends, as weak and worthleffe; and thata
man may reap more profit froma manifeft.. Enimy, thar,
Dddz fro
\
8
Prov.
XXVII. $-
394
E] 11.44,
«d. A mA Lm on
AH Y Zu? RISK
Co Rs Live bx f
M pont 7?
,
^r
(Lait.
Or THEADVANCEMENT
from fuch an effeminate Friend: for he may perchance
heare that by way of reproach from an Enimy, which
"thorow too much indulgence was but faintly whifper’d
by a friend.
THE PARABLE.
xxx. Awifeman 1s wary of bis waies, a cunnin lg
Foole feekes evaftons.
THE EXPLICATION.
Here be swoforts of wifdome; the one true and founds theo-
ther counterfeit and falfe, which Solomon doubts not to entitle
by the name of Folly. He that applies himfelfe to. the for-
mer, takes beed to his way and footing, forefecing dangers, and
ffudying remedies, ufeing the afistance of Good mens muniteing
himJelfe againft the invafions of the wicked; wary in bis edtrance
and engagement upon a bufine[Jeynot unprepar'd of a retraite and
bow to come off, attent upon advantages, cowragious againft en-
counters, with infinite other circumftances, which refpett the go-
verment of bis waies and A&ious. But that other kind of wif-
dome, is altogither made up of fallacies and cunning devices,
and wholly relies upon circumyenting of others, and cafting them
according to the forme of their own mould. This wifdome the
Parable defervedly rejects not only asWicked,but alfo as Foo-
lib. For firfl itis not inthe nüber of thofechings which are
in out own power; nor isit directed by any conftac Rule; but
new ftratagems mult every day be contrived the ey.
and erowing outofufe. Secondly, he that is once attainte
withthe fameand opinion of a cunning crafty Companion,
hath deprived himfelfe of a principal! Inftrnment for the
manage of his affaires; and'a practicall life, that iss Truf?,
and fo he fhall finde by experience all things to goe Crosse’
to his.defites. Taconelude, thefe Arts and Shifts, howfoever
they promife faire, and much pleafe fuch as practife them;
yetarethey many tines fruftrated. Which Tacitw hath well
obferved, Confilia Callida «9 audacia, expettatione lata; tra-
atu dura; eventu tristia. THE
| Or Lea RGA. i's. VIIL | 195 |
THE PARABLE.
x X Xx L. Be nt too precifely Righteous ; nor make thy &a. vix. 16
felfe too excefively wife;wby fbouldft thou un-
feafonably facrifice thy fafety?
THE EXPLICATION,
sera are Times (faith Tacitus) wherein too great Virtues Tacit.
are expofedtoeertaineruine. And this fate befalls men Hil. 1.
eminentfor virtue or Juftice, fometime fuddainly , fome-
times fore-feene a farre off: and if thefe excellent parts be fe-
conded by the acceffe of »ifdome, that is, that they are wary
and watchfull over their own fafety, chan they gaine thus
muchsthat their ruine comes fodainly , altogither by fecret
and obícare Counfils, whereby both envy may be avoided,
and ‘Deftruction aflaile them unprovided. As for that
Nimium, which is fet downe inthe Parable, (in as much as
they are not the words of fome Periander Bite of Solomon,
who now and then notes the evills in mans life, but never
commands them) it multbe underftood, not of virtue it
(Mle tenthichchotcis naiwipibin.ok-éxcelsine extremity;
but of.a-vaine and invidious Affe&ation and oftentation
thereof. A point fomewhat refembling this, Tacitus infinu-
atesina pallage touching, Lepidus, ferting it ale asa Mi-
racle,that he had never bin the Author of, any fervile fen-
teitce,andyet had ftood fafe in to cruell, and bloudy times.
This thought ( (ath he) many times comes into mymind, whether
thefetbings are governed by Fate; or it lies al|oin our own Power
te leere ane ven cour[e void of Danger aud Iedtyity , between
i Y and (uias Contamacy- : |
Annal. IV.
THE PARABLE,
sisi "Give oceafion nabitndren bis wifdome Prov.tx. »
cL mall be increafed. |
Dákd qitod omar
- 3i
396 | Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
-
THE EXPICATION.
He Parable diftinguifbes betweene that wi{dome whichis
growne and ripened intotrue Habit, andthat which fivimmes
onely inthe Braine and couceitsor is boaStedin fpeech , but hath
not taken deep root. Fot theone upon occafion prefented,
wherein it may be exercis’d,is inftantly quickned prepared,
and dilated.fo as it feemes greater than it felfe: buttheo-
ther which before occafion was quick and a&ive , now oc-
cafionis given,becomes amaz'd and confufed , that even he
who prefumedthe poffefsion thereof, begins to call into
doubt whether the preconceptions of /uch vifdome were not
megre Dreames,and empty {peculations.
THE PARABLE.
po, — XXXI. He that praifeth bis friend alowd , rifig:
XXII. Me early it [ball be. » to bim. no better iban a.
cure.’
THE EXPLICATION. Wire >:
M Oderate and feafonable Praifes, and utter' duponoccaf'
on, much conduce both to mens Fame and Fortunes. but
immoder ate > ffreporous , and unfeafonably powr'd out , profit no-
thing. nay rather from thefenfe of this Parable they doe much pre-
judice. For firkt, they manifeftly betray themfelves to pro-
ceed either from too extreme 4ffection, or from a too ftudi-
ed Affectationto the end that him. whom they havethus
praifedsthey may by falfe acclamations demeric rather to:
themfelves; than by juft attributes adorn his perfon: $écopd-:
ly.Íparing and modeft *Praifesscommonly invite fuch as are,
prefent to adde fomething oftheir own to the commenda-
tions; Contrariwife profufe and immodeft Praifes, invite
the hearers to detract and take away fomething. Thirdly,
(whichis the principall point ), zz0 cb magnifying aman
ftirres up envy towards him feeing all immoderatePraifes
Íceme to bea Reproachto others, who merit no leffe.
THE
*
—————— M
Or Learnine. Lis. VIII. 397
*
THE PARABLE,
\ 3 . | LI
xxxiv. As Faces /Dinein waters, fo mens hearts vrovvst. 9
are manifeft to the wife.
THE EXPLICATION.
He Parable diftingui/beth between the Hearts of wife-men
and of other Men; compareing thofetowaters or Glaffes,
which receive and reprefent the formes and Images of
things; whereas the other are liketo Earth or rude flone, wherein
nothing w reflected. Andthe more aptly is the mind ofa
wife-man compard to a Glaffe or Mirror;becaufe in a G/affe
his own Image may be feen togither withthe Images of o-
thers; which the eyes cannot doe of themfelves withouta
Glaffe. Now if the mind of a wife man be fo capable, as to
obferve and comprehend; fuch an infinite diverfity of Na-
tures and Cuftomes, it remaines to be endeavour’d, that it
may become no leffe variousin the Application, than it isin
the Reprefentation, ! JRONO
MN re " : : vid. de :
Qui {apit,in sumeris Moribus aptw erit. AA
T. Hus have we ftaid perchance fomewhat longer upon
thefe Parables of Solomon,tha is agreeable co the propor-
tid of an example, being carried away thus farre for the Dig-
nity both of the matter it felfe,and of the Auctor. Neither
was thisinufe only with the Hebrewes, but it is generally
to be found in the wife-men of ancient times; that if any
mans obfervation light upon any thing that was good and
beneficiall to the cómon pra&ique courfe of life, he would
reduce and contract it into fome (Port fentence or Parable, or
elfe fome Fable. But for Fables (as we have noted elfe- Lib. 2. cap.
where) they were in times paft Vicegerents, and /upplements 5
of Exemples; now that the times abound with Hiffery; the
aime ismore right and A&ive,when the Marke is alive. But
theforme of writing which beft agrees with fo variable
and univerfall an Argument (as is the handling of segocia-
tions
398
Difcofoin
Liv.
AJ
E:
FABER
FORTV-
NAE, five
de Ambitu
vitz.
^D Or. . Tue. ADVANCEMENT
tions and fcatter d Occafions)that would be of all other the fit-
teft which Machiavell' stade choice of, for the handling of
matters of Policy and Government; namely by Obferyations or
ol Difcourfes, astheyretme'them Upon History: and Examples,
For knowledge draw: frefhly;and, as it were in our view,
out of Particulars, knowes the way beft to Particulars a-
gaine; and it hath much greater life for Practife. when the
Difcourfe ox Di[ceptation attends upon the Example, than
whenthe Example attends upon the Difceptation : for here
not only Order but/ubfFance is re{pected. For whenthe &x-
ample is {et downe asthe Ground of the Difputation, it ufeth
to be propounded with the preparation of circumftances,
which may fometimes controule the | difcourfe thereupon
made; fometimes fupply it; fo it may be in place of a pat-
terne for imitation and practife: whereas on che contrary,
examples alleaged for the Difputations fake, are cited. fuc-
cinétly and fimply, and as bond-men waite, in a fervile -
aípect, upon the commands of the Di/courfe.. But this diffe-
rence isnotamifletobe oblerved, that as Hiftories of Times
afford the beft matter for Difcourfés upon Politiques, fuch as are
thofe of Machiavell; So the Hiftories of lives, are the best Tn-
ffructions for difcourfe of Bufineffe, becaufe they comprife all
variety of Occafionsand Negociations, as well greatas (mall.
§ Nay thereis a ground of Difcourle for Precepts touching
BufinefJe, more accomodate than both thole/ats fTiffory;
which is, when Difceurfes are made upon Letters, but [uch as
are wife and ferious, asthofe of (Cicero ad Atticam, and others.
For letters ufually reprefent Bufineffe more particularly, &
more tothe life; than either Chronicles or Lives. Thus have
we fpoken both of the Matter and Forme of the firft porti-
on ofthe Kuowledge touching Negociation, which handles
difperfed Occafionss whichwe deliver up upon the accompts
of DEricIENTS.
IL. There is alfo another portion of the fame Know-.
ledges which differeth as much from that other, whereof
we have fpoken as faperes and fibi fapere: for the one [eems to
move as itwere from the centretothe circumference, the other as
| it
»
Or LEeangNiNG. Lis. VIII 399
it were, from the circumferencetothe centre. For there ts a wif-
dome of giving Counfil unto others. and there ts awi[dome of fore-
casting for his own fortunes; and thefe doe fometimes meet;
but more often fever. For many are exceeding wife in their
own waies, which yet are weak for adminiftration of ci-
vil affaires, or giving of Counfil; like the Ant, which is a
wife creature for it felfe, but very burtfullfor the Garden. This
wifdome the Romanes, thoe excellent Patriots, did take
much knowledge of; whereuponthe Comicall Poet faith, pic in
Certainly the Mould of awife mans Fortune is in bis own hands; Hag ),
yea it grew into an:Adage among them | --—— Faber quifó, xd
Fortune propria ------; And Livy. attributesthe fame virtue Caf.
toCato Major. In thisman there were (uch great abilities of wit sige
and under ftandingsthat into what climate foeper his nativity bad
caft bim, he [zemd to be able to command a fort&ne This kind of
wifdome: if it be profeft and openly declar d, hath ever bin
thought not only impolitique, but an unlucky and omi-
nous thing: asit was obfervedin Timotheus the Athenian,
who after he had done many excellent fervices to the ho-
nour and utility of the {tates and was to give anaccount of
his goverment tothe people, asthe manner was, concluded
every particular with this claufe, and in this, Fortune bad n
part: but it fell out chat he never profper'd in any thing he
took in hand afterwards. This isin truth too high and {a-
vouring of extreme arrogance, afpiring to the fame point
of Pride which &zechiel records of Pharaoh, Dicis fluviut Ezech. 29.
est meus, © ego feci meip(um, or of that which another Pro-
phetípeaks, They exult and offer facrifices to their net, and Habac.1.
burne incenfeto their fnare. or of that which the Poet expref-
‘eth of Mezentiw a Defpifer ofthe Gods.
Dextra mibi Dew, telum quod miffile libros Virg. £n.
Nunc adfint. ----- qs
Finally lulius (Üefar, never , to my remembrance, be-
traid the impotency of his hidden thoughts, (o much as in
a fpeech of like nature; for when the Augur gave him in- Suet. in
formation that the entrailes were not profperow , he clofely Tuko.
murmur’d to himíelfe Eruwt latiora cum volo, which wn
Eee
Plutar.
in Sylla.
400
Plut. in
I.Caf,
Or THEADVANCEMENT
of his preceded not longbefore the misfortune of. his death.
But this extremity of Confidence, (as we have faid) as t is an
unhallowed thing, fo, wasit ever uableft. And therefore
they that were great Pelitiques indeed, and «truly wife,
thought it their {afelt courfe, eyerto afcribe their fucceffes
to their Felicity; and notto their skill and virtue. So Sylla
furnam d himfelfe Felix, not Magnus; and Celar (moread-
vifedly than before ) faith to the Pilot, (efarem vehis, à? for-
tunam ejus. But yet neverthele(fe thefe Pofitions; Faber
Quique Fortune {ua. Sapiens dominabitur A[Fris. ]mvia virta-
tinulla eff via; and the like; if they be underftood and. appli-
- ed rather as fpurres to induftrysthan as ftirropsto infolency;
Avgult,
and rather to beget in men courage and conftancy of Refo-
lutions,than Arrogancy and oftentation; are defervedly ac-
counted found aad healthfull, and (no queftion) have bin
ever imprinted in the greateft Minds, fo fenfibly, as fome-
times they can fcarce diffemble fuch cogitations. For wefee
Augu{tus Ca(ar (v ho compared with his uncle, was rather
diverfesthan inferior, but certainly a períon more ftaid and
folemne) when he-died,defired of his friends that ftood a-
bout his Bed, that wben be expired they would give him a Plau-
dite; as if he were confcient to himfelfe, that he had plaid
“his partiwell upon the ftage. This portion allo of knows
ledge istobe fumm'd up amongft Dericients; not but
that it hath bin ufurped and frequented in Practifes farre
, more excefsively than is fitting; but becaufe books concern-
ingtbis. Argument arefilent. Wherefore according to our
- :cullome»as we did in the former; we will fec downe fome
heads or paffages of it; and we will callit Fabrum Fortune,
or as we have faid, ----- Doctrinam de Ambitu vita. -----
Wherein, at the firft view, I may feem to. bandle anew and
ftrange Argument, in teaching men how they may be aifers
and makers of their own fortune; doctxiné certainly co which
every man will willingly yeeld himfelfe a Difciple, till he
throughly conceives the difficulty thereof. For the condi-
tions are neitherlighter orfewer;or leffe difficult to che Pur-
chafe of Fortune, than to the purchafe of virtue; and it " -
ar
Lis. VIL.
Or. LEARNING.
hard and feverea l'hingtobe a true Politique,as to be truly
Moral. Butthe handling hereof concernes learning great-
ly, both in Honour and in SubStance. For it is a principall
point which neerely concernes the Honour of Learning, that
Pragmatique men may know, that Learning is not like fome
{mall Bird, as the Larke, that can mount and fing, and pleafe bir
felfe, and nothing elfe; but that fhe holds as well of the Hauke,
that can foare aloft, and after that when fhe fees bir time can [Loop
and ceyxe upon. her Prey. Againe this kind of wi/dome much
re{pects the Perfection of Learning; becaufe it is the right
rule of a perfect enquirysthat nothing be found in the Globe of
Matter , that hath not a Parallelinthe (ChriStalline Gl be, or the
Intellect. Thatis, thatthere be not any thing in Being and
A@tion,that fhould not be drawne and collected into con-
templation and Doctrine. Neither doth learning other-
wifeadmire or eftime this Architeéture of Fortune, than asa
worke of an inferior kinde: for no mans proper fortune;can
be aretribution any way worthy the donation of. his Ef
fence and Being granted him from God; nay it often
comes to paffe, that men of excellent guifts abandon their
Fortunes willingly, that their minds may be vacant for
more fublime relpects: yet nevertheleffe Fortune, as an Or-
gan of virtue and merit, deferves likewife hir fpeculation
and Doctrine. z
$. "Untothis knowledge appertaine preceptssfome fumma-
ry and Principall; (ome fpars'4 and variow. Precepts Sum-
mary are converfantabout the true knowledge both of others;
and of himfelfe: The firft Precept, wherein the principall
point of the knowledge of Otbers doth con(iít; may be deter-
mined this; that we procureto our felves, fo farteas may
\
bes that window which Momus once required: Hé, when he plato de |
{aw inthe frame of Mans heart, fo many Angles and Re: Rep.
ceffes. found fault thatshere' was not awindow, through which a
man might look into thofe obfcure and crooked windings. This
window we (hall obtaine, if with all diligent circumf{pection
we purchafe and procure untoour {elves good information
touching particular Perfons, with whom we negociate.
Eee 2 and
402
Virg. 4n.
1v.
Prov. xx.
Or THEADVANCEMENT
and haveto deale; as aifo oftheir natures, their defires, their
ends, their cuftomes, their Helps and Advantages, whereby
they are chiefly fupported and are powerfull; and againe; of
their weaknefles and difadvantages, and where they lye
moft openandare obnoxious; of their, Friends, Factions,
Patrons and Dependancies; and againe of their Oppofites,
Enviers, Competitors; as alfotheir Moodes , Times, and
Criticall feafons of eafy Acceffe. |
Sola viri molles Addituts Q9 tempora noris. :
Laftly the Principles and Rules which they have fet
downeto themfelves; and the like. And this information
muftbe taken not only of Per/ons, but of Particular A&ions
alfo which are on Foote; from timeto time, and as it were
hott upon the Anvile,how they are conducted and fucceed,
by whofe futherances they are favour d, by whom opposd,
of what weight and moment they are, and what confe-
quence they inferre; and the like. For the knowledge of prefent
Aélions is not only materiallinitfelfes but hath this advan-
tage alfo,as withoutit the kwowledge of Perfons will be very
deceitfull and erroneous: for Mes change with the Actions;
and while they are implicated in A&tions,engaged and envi-
roned with bufines they are one; when they returnetotheir
Nature they are another. Thefe Informations touching Par-
ticularssxeípecting as well Perfons as Actions areas che Minor
“Propofitions in every Active Syllogifme, for no verity or*ex-
cellency of Obfervations or Axiomes(whereof the Major Pro-
poftions Politique are made) can fufficeto ground aconclu-
fion, if there be error and miftakeing inthe Minor <Propof-
tion. And that fuch knowledge may be compafled, Salomon
is our furetyswho faith ------- Counfillen the Heart of a Manis
like a deepe water , but awifeman.mill draw it out, ------- And
although the knowledge it felfe-fall not under Precept, be-
caufe it is of Individualls, yet inftu&tions for the deduceing
of it may with profit be fet downe. | a
The ksowledge of Meu fix wayes may be:difclofed and
drawne out; by their Faces and Countenances , by Words, by
Deeds, by their Nature, by their.Ends , and by the Relations
3 of
Or Learnina, Lis Vil. 403.
of others. Asfor che Fifage and Cowntenance, let not the an-
cient Adage move us ----- Fronti nulla Fides; -----for though tyy sar jx,
this faying may not amiíTe be meantofthe outward and ge-
nerale compofure ofthe Coustenance and Geffureyyet there
are certaine fubcile motions and labours of the Eyes, Face,
Lookes and Gefture, whereby as 8). Cicero elegantly faith, is
unlockt and opened , ----.— lanua quedam animi ------- the
gate of the minde. Who more clofe then Tiberius Cefar? But
Tucitutnoteing the Character and different manner of {pea-
king, which Tiberi us'd in commending in the Senate the
great fervices done by Germanicus and Dru/u ; of the com-
mendations given of Germanicus he faith thus ------- Magis
in [peciem verbis adornata, quamut penitiss fentire crederetur: annal. 1.
of the commendations given of Dru/iv thuss---- Paucioribw:;
Jed intentiori? fidá oratione. Againe Tacitus noteing the fame
Tiberius at othertimes fomewhat more cleare and legible, | ——
Saith ----- Quin ipfe compofitu alias 9 velut * eluttantium ver- "ewe
borum; folutius promptis[$, loquebatur quoties fubyeniret, ----- velut cle-
Certainly there can hardly be found any Artificer of Dj; f. ^ *nxs
mulation{o cunning and excellent,or a Cowntenance fo forced,
oras he faith --- vultu ja[Jis --- fo commanded, that can fe-
ver from an artificious and fained fpeech , theíe Notes; but
that thefpeech is either more flight and carele[fe; or more fet
and Formall; or more Tediow and Wandring,or more Drye
and Relu&ant, chan ufuall. |
-$ Asfor Mens wordsthey arc (as Phyfitians fay of wa-
ters) full of flattery and uncertainty ; yet thefe counterfeit
Colours are two wayes excellently difcoverd; namely
when words areuttered either upon the /odainesor elíe in Paf-
fien. So Tiberius being fodainly moved, and lomewhar in-
cens'd upon a ftinging fpeech of Agrippina, came a ftep forth
of his imbred disfimulation. -—- Thef? words , faitb Tacitus, Annal.xiv.
heard by Tiberius drew from bis darke-couvert Breast --- fucb
words as be us d (eldome to let fall ; ang nitent her up foarpely,
told ber her own in aGreeke vere. --- That [be was therefore hurt
becaufe [be did not raigne. Therefore the Poet doth not impro-
perly call fuch “Pasfions --- Tortures ---becaufe they urge
21» Eee. 3 men
404
Hor. Epi(t.
I.
Demoft.
Tacitus
Hiít.1v.
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
men to confeffe and betray their fecrets, :
Vino tortus 49 Ira. Experience indeed
fhewes ‘that there are few men fo true to themfelves,
and fo {etled in their Refolves, butthat fometimes upon
heat, Íometimes upon bravery;fometimes upon intimate
good willto a Friend,fometimes upon weakneffe and trou-
ble of mind, that canno longer hold out under the weight
ofgriefes; {ome times from (ome other Affection or Pafsi-
on, they reveale and communicate their inward Thoughts:
but above all it founds the mind tothe bottome; and fearch-
eth itto the quick, when Simulation is putto it bya coun-
ter-Difsimulation according tothe proverb of Spaine Di
Mentira, y [acaras verdad, Tell alyeand finde a Truch.
§ Neither are Deed; thoe they bethe fureft pledges of.
mens minds, altogitherto betrufted without a diligentand
judicious confideration of their Magnitudeand Nature: For
the faying is mofttrne, That fraude erects it (elfe a couttre-
mure of credit in (maller matters, that it may cheat with better
Advantage afterwards. The Italian thinks himfelfe upon the
Crofe withthe Crier, and upon the point to be bought and
fould, when he is better ufedthan he was wontto be,
without manifeft caule: for {mall favours , they doe but
luli men a fleepe, both as to Caution, and as to Induftry, and
are rightly called by Demofthenes Alimenta focordia. Againe
we may plainly fee the falfe and inconftant propriety and
nature of {ome Deeds,even of {uch as are accounted Benzfrrs,
from that particular which Mutianus practis'd upon Antoni-
us primus, who upon that hollow and unfaithfull reconcile-
ment made between them, advanced many of the Friends
of Antonius and beftowed upon them Tribune/bips, and (Cap-
tainefbips liberally: by this {ubtle pretenceof Demerit, he
did not ftrengthen, but altogether difarme and defolate An-
tonius, and winne from him his Dependances; | and made
them his own creatures. NT
§ Butthe fureft kay, to unlock the minds of Men, con-
Sifts in[zarching and difclofeing either their Natures and difpo.
fitions or their ends andintentions. And certainly the. wea-
keft
Or Learnina. Lis. VIII. 405
keft and (impleft fort of men are beft interpreted by their
Natures, bucthe wifeft and more refervedare beft expoui-
ded by their fads. For it was wilely and ‘plealantly {aid
(thoe in my judgement very untruly)/by a Natio of the
Popess returning from certain Nation, where he ferved as
Leidger;wvhofe opinion being askt, touching the appoine-
ment of one to goe in his place, gave Counfil ,\ thut in any
cafe bts Ho: would not fend cue too wifesbecaufe faithbes no wife,
man would ever imagine, what they in that countrey were liketo °°”
doe. Certainly it is a frequent error, and very familiar with
wife men, to meafure other men, by the Moditle ‘of their
own abilities; and therefore often fhoote! over thé»marke;
fuppofing men to project and defigne to themfelves deeper
endssand co practife more fubtileAresyand compaft reahcés;'
thanindeed ever cameintotheir heads; which «the Italiam
Proverbe elegantly noteth, faying HSMISHYL DEA
Di Denári, di Séngo, e di Féde LO- 1/15 EIS DU[
— Cre Mdncoché non Créde; | 7 --- JAG&IESTOIE S
There ts commonly lee Mony; leffe Wifdome, and-leffe good
Faith than men doe accompt upon. Wherefore if webeto dealé’
with men of a meane and fhallow capacity, becaufe they’
doe many things abfurdly, the conjecture muftbe taken ra-
therfromthe proclivity of their Natures, than the defignes
oftheiregds. Furthermore Princes (but upon a farre other
reafon ) are beft interpreted by their Natures, and private
perfous by their ends. For Princes being atthe toppe of hu-
mane Defires, they have, for the moft part, no particular
ends propounded to themfelves wherecothey af, pire, {peci-
ally with vehemency and perfeverance; by the: fite and di-
Stance of woich ends ,a man might take meature and fcale of
thereft oftheir Aétions, and Defres; which is one of the
chiefe caufes shat their Hearts (as the Scripture pronounceth) Prov.2s. 3.
are inferutable, But private perfons are like Travellers
which intentively goe on aiming at fome end in their jour:
heys where they may ftay and reft, fothataman may make
a probable conjeétureand prefage upon them, ‘what they’.
would;or would not Doe: for if anything condüce unto
p their
406
————
| Or THE ApvaANCEMENT
tures to betaken only fimply, but comparatively alfo.as name-
ly what affection and humor baye the predominaucy and com-
mand of the reft? So weíee, when Tigelimu {aw himfelfe
outflript by Petronius Turpilianus in adminiftring and fi ug-
gefting pleafuresto Neroes humor, — ---Metw ejus rimatur —
Annal. xiv faith Tacitus, he wrought upon Nevoes Feares, and by this
Q.Cic.de
Pet.Con, 3
meanes brakethe necke of his Concurrent.
i$. Msfortbe knowing of mens minds at (econd hand from
Reports of other , it (hall fuffice totouch it briefly. Weakneffes
and faults you [ball beft learne from Enimies, virtues and abili-
ties, from friends.(uftomes and times, from [ervauts;cogitations
and epinions.from intimate confidents, with whom you frequently
and familiarly difcourfe. Popular fame -is light, and the
judgement of fuperiors uncertaine; for before fuch; men are
more maskt, —-Verior Fama é Domeftictr emanat ----
;, Buttoallthis part of enquiry, the moft compendious
way reftechinthreethings- | Firf?, to have generall ac-
quaintance and inwardnefle with thofe which have moft
lookt intothe world,and are well verft both in menand
matters; butefpecially to endeavour to have privacy and
cenverfation with fome particular friends; who according
to the diverfity of Bufineffe and Perfons; are able to give us
folid information, and good intelligence of all paffages.
Secondly,to keep a difcreet temper and mediocrity, both in li-
berty of {peech and Taciturnity, more frequently ufeing /i-
berty, butfecrecy where itimports. For liberty of fpeech in-.
vites and provokes others to ufe the fame liberty to us againes and
fo brings muchtoa mans knowledge ; but filence induceib truft
- and inwardneffe,fo as men love to lay uptheir fecrets with us as
inaclofet. Thirdly, Wemuft by degrees acquire the Habit
of a warchfulland prefent wit, {o as in every conference and
Action we may both promote the maine matter in band, and
det obferve other circum[Lances that may be incident upon the
“Bye. Foras Epiétetus gives it in precept, a Philofopher in
waa
Or Learnina. Lim VIII. 0407
_ every, particular Action, fhould fay thus. to-himfelfe; I will Epis.
doe this alfo aud yet goe om in my courfe. So-a Politique in evc- Fnchir
ry particular occurrence fhould make this accounts and ‘re-
folution with himfelfe, And:F will doe thts likewife and: yet
learne fomething that may be of u[e hereafter.’ And therefore
* they who are offuch a heavy wit and narrow comprehen-
fion, as to overdoe ote particular, and are wholly taken:up
"withthebufineffe in hand; and doenotío muchas chinke
of any. matters. Ny hich. intervene (a weaknelle that. Mam Emyes.
zaigne confellesin himfelfe) fuch indeed are thebeft inftru-
ments of Princesand of ftate; but faile in point of theit own
Fortune; But inthe meane;above all things caution muftbe
taken, tat we havea good [Lay and bold of our (elves, by vepref?
fing ataoattive forardne (feof difpofition;leaft chat this know:
ing much, doe nordraw us on to much medling ; forno=
thing is more unfortunatesthan light and rafhintermedliag |;
in many matters: So thacthisevariety of knowledge of Perfans
«nd Actis, which wegive ih precept to be procured, tends
inconchifion:co.this; to make a) judicious choice both of
thofe Adtions we undertake, and of thofe Per[oss whole ad-
vice.andalsiftance we ule, thar fowe may knowhow to
conductor affaires with more dextetity and fafety !
solos ter the knowledge of others followes the knowledge df
our felves; for noleffe diligenae, rather more'is.to be taken
in a trueand exact underftanding of our own Perfons ; than of
the Perfóns of ethers; for the Oracles Kofce Teitf&m, is not on-
ly arule of univer fall, Prudence, brinhath a fpeciall place in
«Politiques; for ab S: dames excellently puts usin. minde , that Iacob. 1.
hethat viewes bix.Fade in a Glaffe ,,.. yet inStantly forgets what a
one be wads Ía chat therelisineed bf a very frequent infpection:
The fame holds alfo in Civile Affaires, but theréaré indeed |
diversiGiaffcs; forthe Divine Glaffe in Ny bich wre niutt look
ourfelyessisithe yword of God; but the Politique Glaffeis no:
thing elfe but the flateof che &vorld aad times: wherein wa
live. Wherefore aman oughtito-takéan:exact examination, \
and aninspartiall viewv( notfuch as ufeth tóbe takeri by ong
tao much iiloye with, nds 7" his. own abilities, - Vire:
IUOIE tues
408
Annal.r.
Or THEADVANCEMENT
tues and fupports; as likewife of his own defects ? Inhabili-
ties,and Impediments;fo making his accounts ;that he ever
eftimate thee with the moft, tho/e rather with the leaft; and
from this view and examination, thefe points following
come into confideration.
§ . The firft Confideration fhouldbe, bow amans individual:
conftitution and moral temper forts withthe general flate ofthe
times; which if they be found agreeablesthen he may give himfelf
more {cope and liberty and ufe bis own nature; but if there be any
antipathy and diffonancy then inthe whole courfe of his life hee
Should carry himfelfe more clofé retired, andreferved. So did Ti-
beriu who being conícient of his own temper not well for-
ting with his times was never feene az publique Plaies, and
came not into the Senate in twelve of his laft yeares:where-
as on the contrary Auguftus lived ever in mens eyes , which
alfo Tacitus oblerves: Alia Tiberio Morum via ; thefame rea-
fon too was to fecure his perfon from danger. 225 pt
$ Thefecond Confideration foowld be bow amans nature forts
with the Profeftions and cour(es of life which are in ue 2 eftime,
and whereof he is to make his choice. that (0 if be have not yet deter-
mined what race to rumyor what cour[e of life to take, he may chufe
that which is moft frt and agreeable to bis naturall difpofition , but
if he be engaged already in a condition of lifesto which by nature
be is not fo fitted let him make a departure at the firft opportuni-
ty and take another Drofeffion. This we fee was done by «Ca
lentine Borgiathat was defign’d by his father to a Sacerdo-
tall profefsion which;obeying the bent ofhis own natures
he quitted foone after , andapplied himfelfe toa Military
courfe of life; tho as equally unworthy’ the dignity of a
Prince as of a Prieft, feeing the peftilent Man hath difho-
noured both. oi ot
§ Thethird Confideration [bould be bow a man may bee va-
lued and may deport bimfelfe as he is compar d with bis equals Q9
Rivals whom it is likely be may have competitors and Concur-
rents in bis Fortune,and that betake that courfe of lifé wherein
there is the greateft folitude of able ‘men. and himfelfeliketo be
moft eminent. Thus Itlius (Cefar did , whoatfirft was an O-
ratour
Or. LrgARNuxG.: ‘Ure VIIL
ratour or Pleader,and was chiefe converfant inthe gowne-
Arts of Peace; but when he {aw Cicero, Hortenfius, and Catu-
lusto excell in the glory of Eloquence,and no man eminent
for the warres but Pompeiusshe forfook his courfe and bid-
ding along fare-wellto a Civile and Popular Greatneffe,
transferd his defignesto the warres and to a Martiall Great-
neffe; by which mean he afcended to the top of foveraignty.
The fourth Confideration may be that in the choice of friends
and inward dependances a man confult his own nature and. difpa -
fitionsand proceed according to tbe compofition of his own temper;
for different con[Hitutions require different kinds of friendsto
complie witball, to fome men,folemne and filent natures 5 to others
bold and boasting humours are acceptable, and many of like fort.
Certainly itis worth the obfervation, to fee of what difpo-
fision the friends and followers of Julius Cefar were, (as
Antonius Hirtius f Pana Oppius f Balbus, Dolabella, Pollio, the
reft,) thefe were wont to fweare ita vivente (4/are moriar,
bearing aninfinite affection to (Cwfar but towards all others
difdainefull and arrogant , and they were men in. publique
Bufineffe active and effectuall, in fame and reputation not
fo folemne and celebrated. PO? xvi xt
The fifth Confideration may bethata man take beed how bee
guide himfelfe by Examples and that he doe not fondly affect the
Imitation of others; as if that which w pervious to others, must
needs be 44 patent to bim , never confidering with himfelfe what
difference perhaps there i betwixt his and their natures and car-
riagessmbom he hath chofenfor his pattern and example. This
was manifeftly Pompeius error,who,as Cicero reports itswas
wont oftentofay Sylla potuit,Egonon potero? wherein hee
was much abufed;the nature and proceedings of himfelfe,
and $ylla being the unlikelieft in the world ; the one being
fierce,violent.and prefsing the fact; the other folemnesreve=
rencing Lawes ; directing all co Majeftie and Fame’, and
therefore the leffe effectualland powerfullto goethorough
with his defignes. There are more Precepts of this nature,
but thefe fhall füffice for example totherreft..)
§ Nor is the well uaderstanding , and difcerning of a mans
: 1 F ff 2 I elfe
409.
410
Or THEADVANCEMENT
felfe fufficient but he must confult with himfelfe upon a way how
Hit.
alicubi.
he may aptly and wiftly open and reveale bimfeWe, and in fumme
become flexible and moulded to the feverall formes 47 impreffions
of occafions. As for the Revealing of amans felfe, wefeeno-
thing more ufuall ; than forthe leffe áble man to make the
greater fhew. Wherefore it is a great advantage to good
parts,ifa man can by a kinde of Art and Grace fet forth him-
felfeto otherssby aptly revealing (fo itbe done without dif-
taft or arrogance) his virtues,Merits,and Fortune; and on
the contrary by covering artificially his weakneffes defects,
misfortunes and difgraces;ftaying upon thofe;& as it were,
turning them tothe light, fliding trom thefe and leffening
them by an aptexpofition ,andthelike. Iberefore Tacitus
faith of Mucianus , whowas the wifeft man and thegreateft
Politique of his time, Omnia que dixerat feceratg, Arte qnada
oSlentator. This fetting forth of a mans felfe. requires indeed
fome Art leaft it turne tedious and arrogant ;butyetfo, as.
fome kinde of Oftentation,tho it be to the firft degree of va-
nity feems rather a vice in the Ezbiquessthan in the Politiques.
For as itisufually faid of Slander, Audatter calumniare ,fem-
per aliquid beret. So itmay be {aid of Offentation ( unleffe it
bein a groffe manner deform'd and'ridiculous) Audaffer te
vendita , (emper aliquid beret; ic will ftick. certainly withthe
more ignorant and inferiour fort of menstho the more wife
and folemne fmile at itsand defpile it. Wherefore the Eftima-
tion wonne with many, [ball counteryaile the Difdaine of a few.
But if this OStentation of a mans felfe , whereof we {peak be
carried with decency and difcretion; for example, if it make
fhew of a native candor and imbred ingenuity, or if it be af-
{um’d at times, when other Perils approach: (as in Military
perfons in time of warre; )or at times when others are moft
envied,or if words which refpeét a mans own Praifé ; [eem
to fall from him in a careleffe paflage , as intending fome-
thing elfeswithout dwelling too long uponthem ; or being
too ferious; or if a man fo grace bimfelfe, as with equall free-
domeshe forbeares not to taxécjeft at himfelfejor infumme,
if he doe this not of his own accordibut as urg'd & provokt
by
Or Lea MX fh Gs à lis. VIII.
by the infolencies and contumelies of others sit doth great-
lyadde toa mans Reputation. And /urely not a few more
folid than windy natures; (and therefore want the Art of
bearing up fayle in the heighth ofthe winds;)fuffer fortheir
moderation not without (ome prejudicesand difadvantage
to their reputation and merit. Butfor thefe Flourifhesand
enhancements of virtue» however fome of weake judge-
ment,and perchance too feverely Morall, may difallowy, no
man will denythis , but that we fhould endeavour at leaft,
that virtuethorow careleffe negligence be not difvalewed,
and imbafed under the juft price. This diminution of the va-
lew and abatingthe price in eftimating Virtue, is wontto
falloutthree waies Firff when a man offers and obtrudes
himíelfe and fervice in matters of imployment not call'd
nor fent for; {uch prompt offices asthefe are reputed well
rewarded,if they be not refufed. Secondly when aman in the
beginning and firfton-fet ofan imployment , too much a-
buferh his own forces & abilities, whenthat which fhould
have bin performed by degrees,he lavifheth out all atonce;
which in matters well managed,winnes early graceand
commendation;»but in theend induceth fatietie. Thirdly
when a manis too fodainly fenfible,and too inconfiderately
tran{ported with the fruit of his virtue , in commendation,
applaufe,honour , favour conferr'd upon him ; and is too
much affected and delighted therewith: of this point there
isa wile Avilo. Beware leaft you feeme unacquainted with great
matters that are thus pleas d with {malas ifthey were great.
- § "fButtbecovering of Defc&s is of nole[fe importancesthan
awife and dexterow oStentation of virtues. Defects areconceal d
and fecreted by athreefoldinduftry, and as it were under three
coverts , Caution, Colour, and Confidence. Caatiow is that;when
we doe wifely avoid to be put uponthofe things for which
we are not proper;whereas cótrariwife bold& undertaking
fpirits will eafily engage themfelves without judgement, in
matters wherein they are not feen; and fo publifh and pro-
claime all their imperfections. Colour is when we doe wa-
tily and wifely prepare and — waystó have'a favourable
F
411
3 and |
412
Ovid.
i
- Or THE. ADVANCEMENT
and commodious conftruétion made of-our faults and
wants; as proceeding from a bettercaufe, or intended for
fome other purpofe than is. generally conceiv'd: for of the
Coverts of Faults the Poet faith well,
Sepe latet vitium proximitate Boni.
Wherefore if we perceive a Defect in our felves , our endea-
vourmuftbeto borrow and put on the Per/on and Colour of
the mext bordering Virtue, wherewith it may be fhadowed
and fecreted. For inftance, he that is Dull, muft pretend Gra-
yity; hethat isa (Comard,mildne[Je and fothe reft. And it will
advantagesto frame fome probable caufe ; and to give it out
and fpread it abroadsthat induced us to diffemble our abi-
lities and not doe our beft; that fo making a Virtue of Nece ffi-
tie, what was notin our power,may feem not to have binin
ourwillto doe. As for Confidence, itis indeed an impudent,
bur the fureft and moft effectuall remedy; namely thata
man profeffe himfelfe to defpife and fet at naught , what in
truth hecannotattaine; according to the Principle of wife
Merchants , with whom it is familiar to raifethe price of
their own Commodities,and to beat downe the price of o-
thers.But there is another kinde of Confidence farre more im-
pudentthan this,which is to face out 4mans own Defeéts, --to
boaft them and obtrude them upon Opinion, as ifhe con.
ceiv dthat he was beft in thofe things, wherein hee moft
fayles; and to help that againe, that the Deception put upon
others may come off more roundly, he may faine that he
hath leaft opinion of himfelfe inthofe things, wherein he is
beft. Likeas we (éeitcommonly in: Poets; for a Poet reci-
ting his verfes,if you except againft any verfe; you fhall pre-
fently heare him replysAnd for this verfz i$ cof! me more labour
zbantbe reft, andthan he will bring you fome other verfesé&
Ícem to difable andfufpect chat. rather, and aske your judg-
ment of it;which yet heknowes tobe the beft in the.num-
ber,and notliableto exception. But aboye all, in this Helping
amans felfe in bis carriage namely that a man may fet the fai-
reft sloffe upon himfelfe before others , and right himfelfe
inall points,nothing,in my opinion,availes more , than that
Or Learnine. Lis. VIII. 413
aman doe not dilmantle bimfelfe and expofe bis per[on to fcorne
and injurie by bis too much Goodne[Je and Facility of Nature,
but rather in all things [bew [ome (barkles and edge of A free and
generous fpirit that carries with it aswell a fting,as Hony. Which
kinde of fortified carriage togither with a prompt and pre-
pared refolution to vindicate a mans felfe from {corne; is
inapofed upon fome by accident and a kinde of an inevita-
ble nece(sity,for fomewhat inherent intheir perfon or for-
tune; as we fee itin Deformed Perfons and Baftards , and
in Perfons any way difgrac'd,fo that fuch natures, if they
have any good parts; commonly they fucceed with good
felicity.
§ us ‘for the declaring of a Mani felfe chatis a far different
thing from Offentation or the Revealing of a Mans-[zlfe,
whereof we {pake even now, for it referres not to Mens
abilities or weakneffes, but to the Particular Ackions of life ; in
which pointssothing $ more Politique ,thanto obferve a wife
and difcreet mediocrity in the difclofing or [ecreting the inward
intentions and meanings ofthe Minde touching particular Acti-
ons. For althoe depth of fecrecy and concealing of Coun-
fils, and that manner of managing Bufineffe when men fet
things awork by dark, andas the French ftiles it, Sourdes
Menees, [ourd Arts, & clofe Carriages be a thing both profpe-
rous and admirable; yet many times it comes to paffe;asche
{aying is, That Diffimulation begets errors, and illaqueates the
Diffembler bimfeife. For we fee the ableft men and greateft
Politiques that ever were have madeno fcruple of it, openly
to profeffe.freely and without difsimulation, the ends they
ayme at: fo L.Syllamade a kinde of profefsion, That be wifht evr
all men happy or unhappy as they flood his friends or enimsies:So ^ ^
Cfar when he went firft into Gaule confidently profeft, oo. in
That be bad rather be firft in am obfcure village , tban [econd at t.C«t.
Rome: che fame Cafar whenthe warre was now begun did
not play the diffembler,if weobferve what Cicero reports of
him; the other ( meaning of Caefar) refufeth not, may ina fort Aa Ate:
defiresstbat as matters [Land)be may f? be called Tyrant. So wee Lib.x. E.4.
may feeinaletterof Cicero’s to Atticus, how far froma Dif-
fembler
44. —— 4 Or. Ting» ADWANCEMENT
— — fembler Auguskmi Cefar vas who inhis very.entrance into Af.
faireswhile he was a darling to the fenatesyet in his Haran..
ges & fpeechestothe People was wontto fweare after this:
rin (d manner, Jtaparenti bonores.con[équi liceats, which Avas-fo--
UE — leffecan the Tyranny; fave that.to help the matter a little,
he would withall ftretch forth his hand to a ftatua of Julius.
Cafars, which was erected in the Rof£ra: and men Jaughe
and applauded, and wondred and dilcourfed chus amongtt |
themlelves; what means this? What.ayoung man have we. bere? ;
and yet thought he meant no hurt; he did fo candidely. and ;
ingenuoully fpeake what he meant.. Aad allthefe,we have!
nam d; were profperous: Whereas on the other fide, Boris |
Hit2. peius whotended to the fame ends, but. by.more umbragi-
ous and.obfcure waies (as Taciti faith of hin Occultor-mos :
Salapud melior; a cenfure wherein Salufi.concurress. Ore probos Aii» -
Ton lib. igo inverecundo,) madeichis.defigne;and.endeavoured by in-.
e cl.Gram [ E UD ?
finite engines, thacideeply hideing, his boundlefle defines ;
and ambitionshe mightin the megane {pace caftche flate in-.
toan Anarchy and confufions aviereby.the, face mufbnes.
ceflarily caft it felfe into hisarmesifor protection,and fo the»
feyeraigne Power be put upon:him, andhenever feéniinit: :
aad when he had brought it, (asdiethonghty)'to chatpoint :
when he was chofen Gon/ul alone, as never.any was; yet he
could make no great matter of it;becaufe.thofley that with-
out queftion vould haye cooperated withhimunderftood :
him not; fothat he was faine intheend; toygoe the beaten’
and common track of getting Avmes into:his hands, by coz
. lourofoppofing himfelfe againft Ceflat:fo tedious}icatuall,;
/"and unfortunate are thofe Counfils which are coverd with:
- deepe Diffimulations whereof it feems Taciti made the fame, _
judgement; when. he makes the; Arts: of Simulation, axprii-)
Anni. , dence ofan inferior forme, inregard oftrde Policy, attpibut
libris.’ ing the one to. Augustus, the other to Tibertws fon peaking
of Livia-he faith thas, That fhe forted melliwibithe Ants df her:
bushand,and Diffimulation of Bex fuae... 570 \ Aw sd irmid
T5568. co M s kouchingtbe bendingand moulding of the Minde dt,
suf iudead.by all poffible means bg endeanaureds That the; im
Mis 4
—
Or Learnina. Lis. VIII.
be made pliant and obedient to occafions and opportunities, and
that it be not any way fliffe and renitentto them > «for nothing
hinders the effe fing of * Bufine[[e, andthe making of mens for-
tunes fomncb as this: Idemmanebat neq, idem decebat, that iss
mben men are where they were, andfollowtheir ewh bent when oct
cafions ae turi d. Therefore Livys when he brings iin (ata
Major, as the experteft Architect of his fortunes very well
annexes chis thache had, ver(arile ingenium , and-thereok
it comes, that thefe grave folemne Wits, which mutt be
like themfelves, and cannot make departure; have for moft
part more dignity then felicity. Butinfome it is nature to!
be vifcous and inweapt and not eafy toturne: in others it
is cuftome, thatisialmoft a nature and a conceit, which ea-
fily fteals into mens minds, which iss: that men can hardly
make themfelves believe, that they ought to change fuch
courfessasthey have fouridigood and profperous by farther
experience. For Machiayell notes wifely in. Fabius Maxi
Hy
mus, How he would have bin teurporizing: till according to hipDitcors —
old biaffe, when the nature of the warre was altered and required?" Liv.
bolt pur/ut. In fome others the fame weakneffe proceeds
for want of penetration in their judgement, when men doe
not in time difcerne the Periods of things and Actions, but
€omein toolateafter the occafion is efcaped. Such an o-
verfight as this, Demofthenes reprehends inthe People of A- Orat. in
thens; faying they were like cowntrey fellowes playing in a Fence. Philip. 1.
Schoole, that if they have a blow, than they remove their weapons:
10 that ward and not before. Againe in others this comes to
paflesbecaufe they are loath toloofe the labour, in that way;
they have enter'd into, nor doe they know howtomake a
retrait; but rather intertaine a conceit, that by perfeverance
they fhall bring about occafions to ‘their owneplie, But
from what root or caufe foever this vifcofity and reftive-
neffe of mind proceeds; itisa thing. moft prejudicial both
to amans affaires and fortunes; and nothing t more politiques
tbanto makethe wheele of our mind concentrique and voluble
with the wheeles of Fortune. Thus much of the two: fumma-"
ty preceptstouching the Architecture of Fortune. “Precepts:
a Ggg featterd
"T dud
ea
Scatterd ave many, but we will only fele& afew to ferve ab
U Or THE ADVANCEMEN?
exaimplesko che reflor sss oss 00, vow Gam tow s 4h KO
§ The firft Preceptis, that this Architett of hinown fortune
rightly fe his Rule,thavis that be inure his minde to judge of the
Proportion and valure ef'ibingssas, they conduce more or leffe tà
his oron.fortune and ends y and that be intend'tbe: fame Yub[Fantis
Ally and not fuperficially..| Foricis frange but mofttrue, that
there are many, whofe Logical part of Minde (if I mayfo
terme: ic) is goods but the: Mathematical part nothing
Worth; that is, who can welland foundly judge of the con-
fequences 3! but very unskilfully of the prizes of things,
Hence it comes to paffe, that forme fall inlove and intoad-
miration with the private and fecret accefIe to’ Princes ; o-
thers with: popular fame and/applaule, fuppofing they are
things of great purchafe, when in many cafes they are but
matters of envy; perill, and impediment: | others meafure
things, according to the labour and. difficulty {pent about
them » thinking that i£ they be:ever mioveing, they muft
needs advance and proceed; as Cefar {aid ina detpifeing
manner of Cato. Oticenfiss when he defcribes how labori:
ous, afsiduous and-indefatigable he was to no great pur-
pole, Omnia (faith he) magno Studio agebar. Hence tikewile
itcomes fo paffe,that men often abufe chemfelves, who if
they ufethe favour and furtherance of fome great. and hoz
“nourable Perfon, they promife themfelves all profperous
fucceffe, whereas the truth is, that, not the greatefts ‘but the
apteft inftrumentssfooneft,and more happily accomplifh a
worke. And for the true direction of the Mathematical
Square of the Mind; itis worth the paines efpecially toknow,
and have it fet downe, what ought fir/? to be refolved upon’
for the building and advanceing of amans fortunerwhat nexts
andío forward? | 2 qo ras QURE
& nthe frs place I fet domne, the Amendment of the minds
for by taking away and fmoothing thei, impediments; and
rubbes of che Minde, youfhall: fooner.open à way to for--
tune, than by the afsiftance of Fortune, takéavvay the impe-:
diments of the Mind. Inthefecond place Lfetdowne wealib and:
Meanes,
Or Learninc. Lis. VIII (At
Means, which perchance moft men would have placed
firft, becaufe of the generall ule it bears towards all variety
ofoccafions; butthac opinion! may condemne with like
reafon, as Machiayell in another cafe not much unlike; for Sy
whereas the old faying was; that Monies were the finewes of], ^
warres he onthe contrary affirmed, that there were no other
finewes of warres, [ave the finewes of valiant mens armes. In like
manner it may betruly affirmed, thatit isnot Monies that is
the finewes of Fortune, but the finewes rather and abilities of
the Mind; Wit, Courage, Audacity, Refolution; Moderati-
on, Induftry; and the like. In the third place, I [et downe
Fame and Reputation, and the rather becaule they have cer-
taine tides and times, which if you doe not take in their due
feaíó;are feldome recovered, it being a very hard matter to play
anafier game of Reputation. Tnthelaff place I fet downe Ho-
tours, to which certainly there is a more eafy accefle made
by any ofthe otherthree, much more by all united; than if
you begin with Honours and fo proceed tothe reft. But as it
is of {peciall confequence, toobfervethe order and priority
of things. fo isit of litle leffe import, to obferve the order
and priority of Time; the prepofterous placing whereof, is
one of the communeft errors; while men flye unto their
ends, when they fhould intend their beginings; and whilft
we fodainly ceize upon the higheft matters, werafhly paffe
over what lies in the midft; but it is a good precept, Quod
nuncinftat agamw. | |
Thefecond Precept isstbat upon a. greatnefJe and Confidence
of Mind,we doe not engage our forces im too arduous matters,
which we cannot fo well conquer ; nor that we rowe againft the
ftream.. For as touching mens Fortune , the counfil is ex.
cellent, ------ Fatis accede Deifque. at
Let us looke about us on every fide; and obferve where
things are open; where fhut and obftracted; where eafy;
where difficile, tobe compaffed; and that we doe not over-
ftraine and mifemploy our ftrength where the way is not:
paffable, for this will preferve us from foile, not occupy us:
too much about one matter; we fhall win an opinion of
Ggga - Moderati^
418
Orat.in
Phil. I e
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
Moderation, offend few; and laftly; make afhew of a per.
petuall felicity in all we undertake; whileft chofe things
which peradventure would of their own accord have come
to paffe íhall be attributed to their providence & induftrie.
The third Precept may feeme to have fome repugnan-
cy with chat former immediatly going before ; though it be
well underftood,there is none at all. The Precept ts this ; that
we doe not alwaies expect occafions but fometimes provoke them,
and lead the way untothem, which isthat which Demosthenes
intimates in high termes. For asit is a received principle that
a Generall /Pould leadthe Armie; fo wife and. under [landing men
fhould conduct and command matters, and fuch things fbould bee
done as they [aw fit to be dones and that they [bonld not beforc'd to
purfae and build only upon events. For if we diligently confi-
der it we fhall obfervetwo differing kindes of fufficiency in
managing affaires-and handling bufineffe; for fome can
make ufe of occafions aptly and dexteroufly , but plot and
eXcogitate nothing; fome are all for Plots , which they can
wellurge and purfue,but cannot accommodate & take in:
Either of which abilitiesis maimed, and imperfect with-
out the other.
Afourth Precept is not toimbrace any matters which doe oc-
cupie too great a quantitie of time, butto have that verfe ever
founding in our eares.
Sed fugit interea fugit irreparabile tempus.
And the caufewhy thofe who addict themfelves to ptofeffions of
burden and the likesas Lawyers Orators, painfull Divines ,wri-
ters of Books andthe like are not commonly fo politique in con-
triving and promoting their own fortunes, is no other then this;
that they want time which is otberwife imployed, to informe them-
felves of Particulars, and to wait upon occafionssand to devife «9
projetidefignes which may conduce tothe making of their fortune.
Nay further,in the Cóutts of Princes and in ftates, you fhall
have thofethat are exceeding powerfull and expert how to
advance their own Fortune;and to invade the Fortune of o-
thers,which undergoeno publique charge, but are continu-
ally praétized in that whereof we fpeake ., The Advance-
mont of Life. ' A
~ Or LEARNING, Lis VIII.
A Fifth Preceptis , to imitate nature which doth nothing in
evainet Which certainly we may doe; if we difcreetly min-
gle and interlace our bufineffes of all forts. Forthe minde
fhould in every particular action be fo difpofed and prepa-
red; and our intentions fo fubdued , and fübordinated one
under anothersas if we cannot have that wefeek in the beft
degree;yet we may have it ina fecond;or at leaft in a third:
but if we can get no footing norany confiftency at all in a-
ny part of a thing we defire; than we may turne the paines
we havetaken upon fome other end , then that whereto it
was defigned: but if we cannot make any thing of it for the
prefent,at leaft we may extract fomething out of it that may
ftand us inftead forthe time to come; but if we can derive
no folid effe& or fubftance from it, neither forthe prefent
nor for the future, letus yet endeavour to winne fome
good opinion and reputation by it; and thelike : ever exact-
ing accoumpts of our felves , whereby it may appeare that
we have reapt fomewhat more or lefle from every particu
lar A&ion and Counfil, never fuffering our lelves to bée
caft down and difpirited like men amaz’d and confufed , if
perchance we faile inthe principal {cope of our intentions.
For nothing is more prejudicious to a Politique , than to be
wholly and folely taken up with one thing; for hethat doth
fo looleth infinite occafions which doe intervene upon the
by,and which perhaps are more proper and propitious for
fomewhat that may be of ufe heredfter, than for thofe
things we urge for the prefent: and therefore we mult be
perfect in that Rule,Hec cportet facere @ illa non omittere.
Epic.
A fixtb Precept is that weengage not our felves too peremp. Fc»
torily in any thing though it feeme not at fir ft fight , liableto acci-
dent; but that we ever have eitber an open window to fly out at , or.
afecret poSlerne way tovetire by. :
Afeaventh Preceptis,tharancient Rule of Bias, fo itbe
conftrued nottoany point of Perfidioufiteffe ; but to cauti-
onand moderation. So lone «man as yet thowmaift become an
enimie.fo bate aman ds yet thow mayft become his Friend ; for it
utterly betrayes and fruftrates all utility » fora manto em-
Ggg 3 barque
410
Plura velis?
V. Cardani
Proxen five
ArcanaPol:
oO quàm
Arcana !
Libro
delPren.
Or THE ADVANCEMENT’
barque himfelfe too farre in unfortunate friendíhips ; un-
quiet and troublefome fpleenes, or childifh and humorous
ZEmulations. 3 |
Thee fbalifufficefor examples touching the knowledge
of the Advancement of Life : yet twould have it remembred,
thatthefe adumbrations which we have drawne and fet
downeas Deficients, are farre from compleat Tractates of
them, but only thatthey are aslitle peeces and edgings for
patternes whereby a judgement may be made of the whole
web. Againe we are notío weake and foolifh as to avouch
that Fortunes are notto be obtained. without all this adoe;
for weknow well they come tumbling into fome mens
laps,anda numbre obtaine good fortunes onely with dili-
gence and afsiduity ( with fomelicle caution intermingled)
ina plaine wayswithout any greator painfull Arc. But as
Cicero when hefets down the [dea of a perfect Orator, doth
not mean that every Pleader fhould be or can be fuch : and
againe as in the deícription of a. Prince or a Courtier, by
fuch as have handled thofe fubje&ts;the Mould is made ac-
cording tothe perfe&ion of the Art, and not according to
common practice: the {ame vve have performed in the in-
ftruétion ofa Politique man; mean Politique for bis owne
Fortune. And likewile take this advertifement along. vvith.
you. Thatthe Precepts vvhich vve have chofen& fet down,
are all of that kinde vvhich may be counted and called Bo-
na Artes. As for Evill Arts, if aman vvould yeeld himfelfe a
difciple to Machiavell vvhogives it in precept, That aman
needs not much care for virtue it [elfesbut for the appearance on-
ly thereof inthe eyes of toe world 5 becaufe the fame and credit of
virtue is a help,but the u[c of i$ acumber;vvho in another place
gives thisrule: That a Politique man lay this as a foundatió
of his Pra&ique wildome,that be prefuppo[e.tbat men are not
rightly Q2 fafely to be wrought upon &) bowed 10 tbe bent of our
vilsotberwi[e than by fcare; ¢) therefore let bim endeavour by all
meanes po[fibleto bave every manobnoxiowss low &) in fBreights.
So as Machiavells Politicianieemsto be vvhat the Italians
call jfeminat ore déle fine ; or if anv vvould imbrace chat.
Principle
VIII. Att
Principle which (Cicero cites, (Cadamt anne), dummedoininne?
inpercidant: as chc Trium-viri fold the lives of their friends,
for che deaths ef their enimies. Or ifa man would be an
imirarorof L.Catilma tobecome an ineendiarie and aper-|
thrbecrlof ftates to the end he may better fifh in droumy wa-'
ters andunwrap his fortunes; I (iaithhe ) ifonce a fire ceize Cic. pro
upon my Fortune will extinguifhit not with water but with ruine, l-Marasas
orifany one would convert to his ufe that of Ly/ander,who
was vent to fay, That children are o be deceived with Comfits, Pm.
and men with Orhes. Wich other {uch corrupt and pernitious
Pofitions of the fameimprefsion, whereof (asin all other
thingssthere are more in number, than of the good &found.
If any (J fay) be delighted with fuch contagious and pollu-
ted wifdome: I deny not but with theíe difpenfations from
allthelawes of charity and integrity, wholly eflaved tothe
preísing of hisown Foriuses, he may be more fpeedy and
compendious inthe promoring of his Fortune : but iris in life,
as it isin waies,the fhorteft way is commonly the fowleft,
and furely the fairer way is troc much about.’ But it iso far
fromthe minde and purpofe of this Difcourfethat men:
fhould apply themfelves to thefe cortupt and crooked Arts;
that rather indeed. (if they be in their own powerand are
able tobeare and fuftaine themíelves; and be not carried a-
way with the whirlewinde and tempeft of Ambition )they
ought in the purfuit of Fortune to fet before their eyes, not
onely that general Map of the world , That all things areva-'
nity and vexation of (pirit;but alfo that more particular card
and direction; That “Being-without well- Beingsis a cur(e , 49 the
greater Bring the greater curfe; and that all virtue is moft re-.
warded;and all wickedneffe moft punifhtin it felfe : accor-
ding asthe Poetfaith excellently, :
cos Que vobis qua dignaspiri.pro talibus aufi Virg.
so opPremia poffe reor fol'pi ? Puleberrima primum. &n.9.
(00. Dii Moref4, dabunt vestri. | |
And fo on the contrary he fpeakes astruly ofthe wicked
tá, eum ulcifcentur mores {ui.---- Nay further the race of
Mortality ;whilft cheir working heads every way offe id
aN diffufe
Oy Learnrna Lin
433 — — JOmgiTHE ADVANCEMENT
diffufe their thoughts how they may beft forecaft and con-
fult their advancement inthe world, ought; in the midftof
thefe heats, and eager purfuits,, to look upto the divine
judgement, and the eternall providence, which oftentimes
fubverts and brings to nothing rhe plots of the wicked; and:
their-evill counfils, thoenever fo profound; according to:
PRl.vii. thacoffacred {cripture, He conceived wicked. thoughts; tra-
vel'd great with mifchiefe, and [ball bring forth delufive vanity.
Nay though men fhould refraine themfelves from injuries.
and evill Arts, yet this ince/Jant and Saboatble[Je afpiring to
the fteep height of Fortune; paies not the tribute of cur time due
unto God; who (44 we may [ee ) demands and fets apart for bim--
_ [elfe a Tenib of our fubftance and a Seaventh of our time; For it
isto {mall purpofcto havean erected face towards heaven,
andagroveling fpiricupon earth; eating duft. as doth the
ferpent; an oppofition which even Heathens could fee and
Hora. cenfure. Atg, affigit humo divine particulam. Aure. |
fr2. ^ Andifanymanfhould herein flatter himfelfe, that he re-
folves to imploy his Fortune well though he fhould obraine
itill; as was wontto be faid of Auguftu Cefar-and Septimiws
Severus, That either they fhould never bave bin bornes or el[e
they fhould never have died, they did fo much mifchiefe in
the purfuir and afcent of their greátnefTe;and fo much good
when they were eftablifhe, let him cake this with him, that’
fuch compenfation of evill by good, may beallowed after
the Fact, but is defervedly condenman'dinthepurpofe. Laff-
Jy, it will nocbe amiffe for ussintliat {wift and hot race to-
wards our fortune; to coole ourfelves alitle, with that ele-
gant conceit of the Empetour (harlesthe V. in his inftru-
Scip, Ctionsto hisfonne, That Fortune hath [omewhat of the nature
Germ. — ofawomans that if [be be too much wooed [be isthe farther off but
A-C.1519: chis aft remedy is for thofe whofe taft, from fome diftem-
per ofthe mind, is corrupted: let men rather build uponthat
foundation, which is as a corner-ftone of Divinity and Phi-
lofophy, wherein they almoft joyne clofe by the fameaffer-
tion of what fhould be firft fought, for Divinity commands,
Mavi. Fünf [eek the Kingdome of God-andall thefe things (hall be fu-
peradded
Or. Learninea. Lis. VIII.
4
peradded unto. you and. *Philofopby commands fomewhat i
likethis; Seek firf£ the goods of the mind, and tbe reft fball be
fupplieds or uo way prejudiced by their abfence. And although
this foundation laid by man is fometimes placed upon the
fands,as we may fee in M. Bratus,who inthe laft Ícene of
hislifes brake forth into that fpeech, a avgbrerk E : E
Te Colui virtw ut Rem,aft Tu Nomen inane es: 77 Poeti vets,
Yet the fame foundation laidby the hand of heaven, is
firmely fetled uponia Rock.: And bere. we conclude the
knowledge of the Advancement of Life, and withall the ge-
nerall knowledge of Negociations.
BELPESSSES SE OPEL IPESS SSS GP PPL OPI Ee CHOIR
——
CAP. Ill.
~ The Partitions of the Art of E mpire or Goverement are omitted; on-
lyacceffeis madetotwo Dericients, 1 The knowledge of
enlarging the Bounds of Empire. IT. And the knowledge of
. univerfall luftice;or of the Fonntaines of Lam."
4 Ree j] Come now to the Art of Empires ot the know
fT E ledge of Civile Goverment, under which Howfz-
N3| bold Goverment is comprehended, as a Family
e. isunderaCitty. Inthispart; as I faid-before;t“
have commanded my felte filence : yet notwithftanding F “
may not fo difable my felfe; but that I could. difcourfe of“
this par: alo, perchance not impertinently,nor unprofita-'
bly; as one practiled by long experience; and by your Maje-*
fies moft indulgent favours, and no merit of mine owne, “'
raifed bythe degreés of office andhbfdurs,tothe higheit «
Dignity in the flate; and have borne that 'offiéé?ifor foure* >)
years; and which is more; live bin accüftomed to Your Ma- 7^ ^
je/ties commands and conferences, for the continued {pace ......:«
of eightecne years! togitlier,: (which:éven o£tie dullet *
mould might fafhion and-produce a Scatés:rnan)! who have “
{pent much timeamongf óther- knowledpes; ia Hiftories “
and lawes, Ad whieh Ireport.to pofleriz) mot our of any: apr"
Et o Hhh gant
-o0aQ
424
Je ;
CONSYL> .-
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
— alow hie seis igi li jm
honour and Dignity of learning, that a man borne for letters more
than any thing elfe, and forcibly carried away, 1 know not by what
fate, againft the bent of his ovn Genius,to a Civile afbive courfe
of life, fbould yet be ad'panc't tofo bigb and honourable charges in
the ftate, and ibat under fowife a King. But if my times of lea-
fure fhall bring forth hereafter any thing touching the wif-
dome of Government, and ftate matters, it will be perchance
an Abortive, or an after-Birth. In the mean {pace now that
allíciences are diftributed and ranged, as it were, into their
true Formes; leaft {uch an eminent place as this fhould re:
maine empty have judg'd it fito note as DEFICIENTS two
Portions only of Civile knowledge, which pertaine, not to
the Secrets of Empiresbut are of a more open and publique
nature; and,according to our cuftome, to propound exam-
ples thereof. Seeing the Arts of Gvyernment , comprehend
three forts of Politique Duties; Firft that a Kingdome or
State be conferved; Secondly that it may become happy and
flourifhing; Thirdly that it may be amplified and the bounds
thereof propagated and extended.Of thefe duties theswo fir?
are for moft part by many,excellently well handled; but the
third is paft over in filence; wherefore we will fet this
downe in the number of Deficients, and according to our
manner propole examples thereof, calling this part of Ci-
vile knowledge ConfulemPaludatum, ox a knowledge of the
enlarging the Bounds of Empire ,
EXAMPLE
PALV-) OF A SUMMARY TREATISE |
DATVS, °'
five de
proferen-
touching the enlarging of the Bounds
“es boro ef SMP PRB:
disImpe-,. —
riifinibus. 2
OD He fpeech o£Themiflocles, taken to himfelfe, veas 1n:
AA deed fomewhat uncivileand haughey ; but if it had!
;, been applied to others andat large, certainly it may
'feemto comprehend in ita wife obfervation and a grave
jus lal H | cenfure.
Bim . Wes
Or |LEARNING.
ceníüre; Defired-at.a Feaft co touch alute he {aid He could s, tar, ü
uot Fidle, but yet ba could makea fmalliTowne à great City! Them.
Thefe words drawne to a: Politique fenfe doe-excellently
exprefleand diftinguifh two differing Abilities,in chofechat
deale in bu(ineffe of Effate: For ifa truefurvey be taken of
all Counfilors and. States:men that ever were, and others
promored to publique charge; there willbe found (though
very rarely) thofe which can make a fomall State great, and
yet cannot frdlé, as on the other fide there will be founda
great many , . Zbat are very.cunning uponthe Citterne or Lute,
(that tt in Court-Trifles ) but yet are fo farre frombeing able to
make a mall States Great; as their guift liesanotber way to bring
a Great and. Flourifbing €Stateto ruine dud decay. And cer-
tainly thofe degenerate Arts and fhifts, whereby many
Counfilors and Governors gaine both favour with their
Maifters, and eftimation with the vulgar, deferve no bet-
ter namethan Fidling, being things rather pleafing for the
time, and gracefulltothe profeffors chemfelves;than tend:
ing to the weale and advancement of thé States which they
ferve. There are alfo (no doubt) (ounflors and Governors;
not to be defpifed, which may be held fufficient men, and
equall.to their charge; able to manage Affaires, and to keepe
them from precipicies and. manife[W. incovyeniences, which'ne-
vertheleffe are farre from the Ability to raife and amplify an
Slate. But bethe workmen what they may be; let us caft
our eyes upon the workes that is, what isthe true greatneffe of
Kingdomes and Eftates,and- by what means it may be obtained?
An argument fit for great. Princes to have perpetually in
their hand, and diligently to meditate; tothe end that nei
ther by overmeafuring their Forces, they loofe themfelves
in vaine and too. difficile enterprifes; noronthe other fide
undervaluing them, they defcend to fearfull and pufillani-
mous Couniils. The Greatne(fe of an Eftatein Bulke and T'er-
ritory, doth fall under meafure; tbe Greatne[[e of Financies and
Revenue doth fall under computation. The number of Citti-
zensand the Pole may be taken by Mufters;and the multi: ——...c
tude and greatnefle of Citties and Townes; by Cardes.and: ^'^ 7
| Hhhza Mapps.
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
^ Mapps. But yetchere is not any thing amongft Civile Af.
B.Ecl 7.
Plutar. in
Alex.
Plut. in
Lucul.
Macch.
Difcorf.
faires, more (ubje&t to: etror, than a true and incrinfeque
valuation,concerning the Power and Forces of an Eftate.
The Kingdome of Heaven is compar d not io am Acorne or Nut;
butto a Grain of Muftard-(eed jobich is one of the leaft Graines,
but hath init aproperty and (pirit baftily to get up and fpread. So
arethere Kingdomes and States in compafle and territory
very great, and yet noc fo apt toeslar ge their * Bougds or Com-
mand; andfome on the other fidethat have buta (mall di-
mention of femme; and yet apt to be the Foundations of
of great Monarchies. se a
1 Walled Townessftored Avcenalls arid Armories , good-
ly Races of Horfe,Chariots of warte,Elephants Ordinance,
Artillery;and the like; all thes is but a [Deep in a Lions skin , exe
cept the “Breed and Difpofition of the people be ftout 9 war-like.
Nay number it felfe in Armiesimports not much, ‘where
the people is of a faint & weak courage: for yas Virgil faiths
It never troubles a Wolfe how many thefheep be. The Army of
the Perfians in che Plaines of Arbelaswas fuch a vaft fea of
people,as it did fomewhat aftonifh che Commanders in Alex.
anders Armie, who came to him therefore , and wifht him
to fet upon them by Aightsbut he anfwered, J will not Pilfer
the vidory; and the Defeat bv that courageous affurance
was the more eafie. When Tigranes the. Armesian , being
encamped upon a hill with an Armie of 400000 Men,dif-
covered the Army of the Romans being notabove 14000
marching towards him,he made himielte merry wich it &
(aid; yonder men are too many for an Amba[Jagesand too few for
a Fight: butbeforethe funne fet he found themenow to
give him the chale with infinite flaughter. Many are the ex-
amples ofthe great odds between number & courage. Fir?
thena man may rightly makea judgement and fett downe
for a {ure and cercaine truth,that the principall point of all
other which refpe&ts the Greatnes of any Kingdome or State,is
to bave aRace of Military men.And that isa morétrite than
truefaying, That Money is the Sinewes of'Warre ; where the fi-
fopra Livio . on bale and effeminate peo L
liba. Mewes of mens armes in bale and effeminate people are fay
ling:
Or LramwiNG. Lis. VIII 417
ling: for Solon {aid well to Crafiw (when in oftentation hee
fhewed him his gold) Sir,ifany other come that hath any bet-Plut. in
ter Fronthan you be will be master of all this Gold. Therefore Sone.
let any Prince or Statethink foberly of their Forces , except
their Militia of Natives be of Good and Valiant Souldiers:'
and let Princes on the other fide that have Subjeéts of ftout'
and Martiall difpofitionsknow their own ftrength , unleffe
they be otherwile wantingto themfelves. As for Mercena-
ry Forces (whiclvis the help in this cafe where native forces
fayle ) alltimes are full of examples whereby it manifeftly
appeares; that whatfoever State or Prince doch teft upon
them,be may fpread bis Feathers for atime beyond the compa[fe
of bis ne ft, but be will mew them foone after. t
2 The blefing of Iudab and Iffachar will never meet.
That the [ame Tribe or Nation fhould be botbtbe Lions whélp and Genxt 1x.
the Affe between Bardens; neither willitbe that 4 people over"
laid with Taxes,fbould ever become Valiant, and Martiall. Teis
true that Taxes levied by publique content of the eftate doe
depreffe and abate mens courage leffe; 45a man may plainly
fee inthe Tributes of the Low-cofitries whichthey call Ex-
cizes, and in (ome degree in thofe contributions which they
call Subfidies in England. For you muft note that we {peak
now ofthe Heartand notof the Purfe;fo that altho the fame
Tribute conferr'd by confentor impofed by command , be
all one to the purfe,yet it works diverfly upon the courage:
Therefore fet down thistoo asa Principle, That no People
overcharg’d with Tribute is fit for Empire.
3 Let States and kingdomes that ayme at Greatneffe by
all meanestakeheed how the Nobility, and Grandies 5 and
thofe which we call Gentle-men multiply too faft; for that
makesthe common fubje& grow to bea Peafant and Bafe
fwaine driven out of heart,and in effe& nothing elfe but the
Noblemans Bond-flavesand Labourers. Even as you may
fee in Coppice wood, Ff you leave your Studdles too thick , you
foall never have cleane underwood,but fbrubs and bufbes So in a
countrey ifthe Nobility betoo many the Commons will be
bafe and heartleffe; and you willbringitto that , that not.
Hhh 3 the
Or. THE, ,ADVANCEMENT
“the hundredth Pole will bet for an Helmet ;.efpecially as
Hiftor.
Hzw.viI.
,"tothe Infantery,whichisthe nerve of an Army; & fo chere
'o*will be great Population and lice ftrength. Thisiwhich I
{peak off hath been in^ no Nation. more, cleerely confirmed.
thaninthe examples of England and France ; whereof Eng-
lands thoe farre inferior in Territory Population ; hath
bin neverthelefle alwaies an oyermatch in Armesjin regard
the middle-people. of England make good Souldiers;which
the Peafants of France doe ot. |. And. herein the devife of
Henry, rHE vil. King,or, Ex Gr AN p(where-
of Ihavefpoken largely in the.Hiftory of his life) wras pro-
found andadmirable,, in making Farmes.and .Houfes of
Husbandry of a ftandard ; that. is. maintaimd | with fucha
Proportionof land unto them,as may breed a fubjeé&to live
pin convenient plenty,and to keep the Plough in the hands:
4in.t.
of the Owners,or at leaft ufu-fructuary and not hirelings & .
Mercenaries; and thus a Countrey fhall: merit, that Chara-,
cter whereby Virgil expreffesaücient ftaly, |
Terra potens. Armis atá, ubere Glebas. » 15 Shsidsl
Neither isthat ftate which is almoft peculiaz to England,
(and for any thing I know, hardly to be found any where
elfe, exceptit be perhaps in. Poland) to be paífed over; J,
meane the flate of Free-lervants and Attendants upon No-
ble-men.and Gentle-men; of which fort, even they-of infe-
rior condition, doe no waies yeeld unto, the Yeomanry, for.
Jofantery. And therefore out of all queftion the Magnifi-
cence and that Hofpitable fplendorsthe Houfehold fervants,
and great Retinues of Noble-men and Gentle-men receiv'd
into cuftome in England, doth much conduce unto. Marti-
all Greatneffe: whereason the other fide,the clofe; referved
and contracted living of Noble-men, caufeth a Penury of
Military Forces. : svi :
4 Byall means itd to beprocured , thatthe Trunck of Ne-
buchadnexzars Tree of Monarchy, be great enough to beare the
“Branches andthe Boughes, that is,that the number. of Na-
turall Subjeéts tothe Crowne or State';\ beare a fufficient
proportion for the over-topping the Stronger fiie Thee
| [d H ore
)»
Or Learnina, Lis, VIII. 419
fore all States that are liberal of Naturalization towards
frangers,are ficfor the Greatneffeof Empire. Foritisa vaine
opinion to thinkthata handfull of peoples can with the
greateft courage and Policy inthe world, keep and repteffe’
underrhe lawes of Empire; too large and fpaciousextent of
Dominion; this may hold for atime; but it will faile fodainly.
The Spartans were a fpareing andnice People in point of
Naturalization, whereby while they kept their compaffe,
they ftood firme and affured;but when they began to fpread-
and.to enlarge their Dominion, and that their boughs,mul:
tiplied by ftrangers, were becomen too great for the ftemme
ofthe Spartans, they became a wind-fall upon the fodaine.
Never any State was in this point fo open to receive ftran-
gers into their Body, as were the Romanes; therefore their
Fortune feconded their wife infticution, for they grew to
the greateft Monarchy in the world. Their manner was
to grant Naturalization (which they called Ius Cvitati )and Exempla
tograntic in the higheft degree; that is, not only Tw Cyom-apud e
mercii, Tus Connubii, In Hareditatir, but allo Ins Suffragiiand E ^ —
In Petitionis five Honorum;and this not td fingular perforis
alone; but likewife to whole families; yea to Citties, and
fometimes te whole Nations. Adde to tliis, their cuftomie
of Plantation of Colonies, whereby the Romane Plants were
removed into the foile of other Nations: and putting both
conftitutions togither; you will fay hit ét was notthe Romans
that fpread upon the world. but it was the world that fpread upon
the Romanes; which was the fecureft way of Enlarging the
“Bounds of Empire. I have marvailed fometimes at Spine,
how they clafpe and governe fo large Dorninions, with fo
few naturall Spaniards: but furcly che whole compaffe of
Spainésis a very great body of a Tree; being itcontaines
farre more ample Territories; than Romie or Sparta at their
firftrifeings. And befides, thoethe Spaniards have not had
that ufeage to Naturalizelibéraly; yecthey have that which
issextto it; thatis, Teimpley, alwof? indifferently, all Nati
ows intheir Militia of Ordinary fouldiers.yea and fometimes
they conferre their higheft commands of warre; upon Capa
taines
430
Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
tainesthatare no naturall Spaniards: nay it feemes;* not
long agoes they havebegunto grow fenfible of this want.
of Natives, and to feek a Remedy, as appears by the: Prag-
matical Sanction publifht chis yeare. ncn fisissio
1.5 Jeismoft Certainethat fedentary and within-doore Me-
chanicall Arts; and Delicate Manufa&kures(chat require rather
the Finger, than the Arme,) have intheir naturea contrariety
t04 Military Di[pofitien. And generally all warlike People
are alitle idle; and love danger better than travaile: neither
muft they be too much broken of it, if we will have their
Ípirits preferv'd in vigor. Therefore it was great advantage
in theancient flates of Sparta, Atbens, Romesand others;that
they had theuíeinot of Free-men,but of Slaves, which com:
monly did. rid thofe Manufactures : but the ufe of Slaves:
fince the receiving ofthe Chriftian Lam, 15, in greateftpart:
abolifht.. "That which comes neereft to this cuftome;1s to :
.. leavethofe Arts chiefly to ftrangers, which for thatpurpofe:
areto beallured, or at leaftthe. more eafily to be ‘received:
©The vulgar Natives {hould confift of three. forts of mens:
~ thatis, of Tillers of Ground; Free-fervants, and Handy-crafis-
Liv. lib.x.
v.C. 37.
men of flxong and Manly Arts, as Smithes, Mafons; Cárpen-:
ters,&c. notreckoning profeffed Souldiers. rissrrio)
6 . But above all,for the Greatse[Je of Empire , it importe
molt; that a. Nation doe profe[Je Armes as their glory, Princi--
pall ftudy; and chiefeft Honor. For the things which we
formerly have {poken of , are but Babilitations towards:
Armes; and to what purpole is Habilitation without endea-:
vour to produce it-into AG? Romulus; after bis-desthr (as.
they report or faigne) »fznt aprefent to the Romans; dbat a-!
bove all they. fhowld. intend’ Armes} and than they: fbould:
prove the greateft | Exnpite of the World. The: whole Fa
brique of the State of Sparta, : was, induftrioufly (chee not:
fo wifely ) compos'd and buileto, that {cope and: end? "The
Perfians and. Macedonians hadthe fame ufeage » butitiot fo:
conftant and. lafting. "The \Britans , Galls » Germanss:Gothss:
Saxons,Normans, fora flafh of time gave’ chemfelvés chiefly»
to Armes, The Turkes nota--litle.in {tigated thereto by their:
iE) — | E Law;
Or LEARNING. Lis. VIII.
Law, retaine the fame difcipline at this day, (thoe as it is
now practifed) with great declination of their Militia. Of
Chriftian Europe they thatretaineand profefle it, are in ef-
fe& only the Spaniards. Butitis fo liquid and manifeft, that
every man profiteth most, in that be most intendeth,that it needs
not to be ftoodupon. Itis enough to pointat it; That no
Nation which doth not profzffe Armessand prattife Military Arts,
making it their principal ftudy and occupation, may ever hope to
have any notable greatne[Jeof. Empires fall into their mouthes:
and on the other fide, it isa moft certaine Oracle of time,
That thofe Nations that have continued long in the profeffion and
* ftudy of Armes( asthe Romanes (9 Turkes principally have done;
for the propagation of Empire, work wonders. Nay thofe that
have flouritht for the glory of Armes, but for the {pace only
of one ageshave commonly attain'd that Greatneffe of Domi-
nion,inthatone age, which maintained them long afters
when their profefsion and exercile of Armes hath growen
to decay.
7 Incident tothis Precept dr; for a flateto have fuch lawes
and (uftomes which may readily reach forth unto them juft occa-
ffonsyor at leaft pretences of taking Armes. For there isthat ap-
prehenfion of Juftice imprinted in the nature of men, that
they enter notuponwarres (whereof fo many calamities
doe eníue) but upon (ome, at the leaft {pecious grounds and
Quarrells. The Turke hath at hand forcaufe of warre the
Propagation of his law and fect; a quarrell that he may al-
waies command. The Romansthoe they eftimed the ex-
tending of tbe Limits of their Empire, o be great honour to
their Generals, when it was done; yet forthat caufe alone,
to Propagate their bounds,they never undertook a. warre.
Therefore let a nation that pretends to Greatneffe, & afpires
to Empire, have this condition, that they havea quick and
lively {eufe of any wrongs either upon Borderers, Mer-
chants or publique Minifters, and thatthey fit nottoo long
upon the firft provocation. Againe let them be preft, and
Aétive to fend Aides and Succors to their Allies and confe-
derates; as it ever was with the Romans. in fo much, as if
Iii a
432
1
Or THEADVANCEMENT
B. RU EO as gef sie Si on ew one
a hoftile invafion were madeupon a confederate, which
Vide fis
CL Seldeni
Mare clauf.
alfo had leagues Defenfive with other ftates, and the (ame
implored their aides feverally; the Romanes would ever be
the formoft, and leave it to no other to have the Honour of
the Afsiftance. As for the warres which were anciencly
made for akinde of conformity, or tacite correfpondency
of Eftates, I doe not fee upon what law they are grounded.
Such were the warresundertakenby the Romanes, for the
liberty of Grecia; {uch were thofe of the Lacedemonians
and Athenians, to fetup or pull downe Democracies and
Oligarchies: {uch are che warres made fometimes by States
and Princes, under pretence of protecting Forraine fubjectss
and freeingthem from Tyranny and opprefsion, and thé
like. Letitfuffice for the prefent point that it be conclu-
ded, That no Eflate expeti to be Greats that isnot inftantly a-
wake, upon any juft occafion of Arming.
8 Nobody can be healthful without exercife, neither Natu-
rall* Body nor Politique:and certainly toa Kingdeme or Eftate a
juft.and honourable warre te im place of a wholfome exercife. A
Civile warre indeed; is like the heat of a Fever;but a Forraine
is like the beat of Exercife, and fervesto keepthe body in
health: for ina flothfull and drowfie Peace, both courages
will efeminate,& Manners corrupt.But howfoever it be for
the Happineffe of any Effate, without all queftion, for Great-
neffe, it maketh, to be fill for the moft part in Armes: anda
veterane Army (thoe it be a chargeable Bufineffe ) al-
waies on foot; is that which commonly gives the Law, or
atleaftthe Reputation amongft all seighbour tates. This is
notably to be: feen in Spaines which had in one part or o-
ther aveterane Army almoft continuallysnow by the {pace of
fixe-fcore years.
9 Tobe Mafter of the Sea, is an Abridgement cf. a Mo-
narchy, (icere writing to Atticus of "Pompeium his prepara-
tion againft Caefar faith; Confilium Pompeii, plane Themiffocle-
um e[! , putat enim, qui Mari potitur, eum Rerum potiri. And
without doubt Pompey had tired cut and broken (far, if
upona vaine confidence he hadnot left that way. lé fee
rom
——À———————— n PN
Or Learnine. Lis. VIII.
AB
from many examples the. great effects of “Battailes by Sea:
The Battaile of Aétium decided the Empire of the world:
the Battaile of Lepanto put a ring inthe nofe of the Turke:
(Certainly it hath often fallen out that Sea-fghts havebin fi:
nal tothe ware; but this is when Pritices or States have
ferup their Reftupon thofe Battails. Thus much is without
all doubt; that he that commands the Sea, is at great liberty; and
may take as much and ai litle of the warre as be will; whereas on
the Contrary, thofethat be ftronge/? by Land , ‘are many times
nevertheleffein great fraights. But at this day and with us of
Europe » the vantage of /trength at Sea (which is indeed one of
the principal Dowries of this Kingdome of Great “Brittainé) is
inthe (umme of Affaires of great import: both becaufe
moft of che Kingdomes of Europe, ate not meerely Inland,
but girt with the Sea moft part of their compaffe, and be:
caulethe Treafures and wealth of both Indies;- feems in
great part but an Acceffarieto the command of the Secs.
10 ©The warres of latter Ages feemto be madein the darke,
in refpe€t of the Glory and Honor which refletted upon Military
men from the warres in ancient times. We have now per-
chance, for Martial encouragement fome degrees and Or-
ders of Chivalry, which nevertheleffe are conferred pro-
miícuoufly upon Souldierssand no Souldiers; and fome Pe-
degrees of Families perhaps upon Scutchions ; and fome
publique Hefpitals for emerited and maim’d Souldiers,
and fuch like things. But in Ancient times, the Trophy ere-
&ed upon the place of the victory; the Funerall Laudatives
and ftately Monuments for thoíe that died inthe warres;
Civique Crownes and military Garlands awarded to parti-
cular perfons ; the ftile of Emperor, which ‘the Greateft
Kings ofthe world after, borrowed from-commanders in
warre; the folemne Triumphs of the Generals: upon their
returne,after the warres were profperoully ended; the great
Donatives and. Largeffes upon the disbanding of the Ar-
mies : thefe I fay were matters fo many and great), and sof
fuch glorious luftre and blaze in the:eyes, of thewwvorld,as
were able to createaFirein the moft frozen breafts, andto
Hi inflame
434
'\) Og THE ADVANCENENT
E aur E EE TT TS SS EE ee ee ee hh Gee har r4 dec ee WÉ
inflamethem to warre. *Butiabove all,thàtiof the Trimmpha-
Mat, vie
mongft the Romanes; vas nora matter ofmeere Pompesor
fome vaine {pectacle or pageants; but oneiof the wifelt and
nobleftinftitutions that ever was: for it contain’d ibit three
things, Honor.and Gloty to the Generals; Riches tothe Treafm-
ry ont ofthe fpoiles; arid Donatives.tothe Army. But the! Ho.
nor's of Triumph perhaps were not fit for Monarchiessexcept
itbeinthe perfon of the King himfelfe; or-ofthe Kings
(onnes; as it cameto paffe inthetimes of the Roman Empe~
vorsyWhodidimpropriate the Honor of: Triumph vo them- :
‘felves}asid their fonnes; for ftich warres as they did atchieve
in Perfonsandleft only by way of indulgence, Garments and
TrinmpballEnfignestothe Generalls, 9/2 5 0000208
| ;Butto concludethefe dicourfes, Theres no man (4&
facred'Scripture teftifies) that by care taking can adde a cubite -
to bis Stature, inthis litle Modulofa Mans body; but inthe
great Frase of Kingdomes and Common-wealths, it isin the
Power of Princes and eftates,to adde Amplitude and Great-
neflé totheiriKingdomes: For by introducing füch ordinan:
cess conflitutions and cuftomes, as we have now propoun:
ded, and others of like nature with thefe, they may fow
Greatne/fe to pofterity and future: Ages.But thefe Counfils
are feldome taken into confideration by Princes ; büt the
Matter is commonly leftto fortune totake its chance.
§ | And thus much forthe points that for the prefent, have
offered themfelves to our confideration touching the Ew:
larging ofthe Limitsof a State or Kingdome-But to what end
is this contemplation, {ecing of all Imperiall Soveraignties
inthis world; the Romane Monarchy (as itis believed)
was to bethe laft? but that, being true to our own Defigne;
nor any where declining outof the way (inas much as; the
Amplificationof a Kingdomewwasy amongtft the three Poli-
dique Dutiessthe third ) we could not alcogither paffe it o4
ver untoucht. | There remaines now another -DEgICTENT
ofthe two we have fet downe; that iss uf wiyerJall: Tuflite,
ortbé Founainesof Lo. | 00000 ban sip suot ont
"ESSI j J , Jtit i | da 2122.
LJ jid 11 All
————— —— -—
OF LEARNING: Lis Vil” 45.
it All they which have written of Lawes have hand- —
led chat Argument either as Philofopliets,or as Lawyers , &
none as flatel men. As for Philofophers they propound many
things goodly for difcourfe ;but remote from. ufe. Forth
Lawyers they are'mancipated and whóly devoted everyone
to the latwes ofthe flare where they live or to the Placitsof:
che Emperialor Pontificial Lase: , aid catinoc ufe impartial
ahd fincere judgement; but difcourfeas out of Gyves & Fee
ters. Certainly chis Kinde of knowledge pertaines' properly’
. to State/men; who can beft difcerné what humane fociety
is capeable of; whàt make for the Wweile of the publique;
what naturall equity is; what the law of Nations; che ct
Mtome'of Countries the divers and difféterit formes of ftates’
and Republiques; and therefore are ableto decerne & judgé
of Lawes, from the Principles, both of natural Equity and
Policy. Wherefore che bufineffe ir hand ís , to have recourfe
unto.and make enquiry of the Foustaines of Justice , and of
Publique utility and in every part of Law ro reprefenta Kind
of charatter and Jaca of that which is ju51 ; by which generall
mark and dire&ion he that fhall intend his mine & ftudies
that waysmay try and examine the /ever¢il laves of particular.
kingdomes and eslates; and fromthence endeavour an emen-
dation. Wherefore after our accuftom' d manner we will, in
one Title propoundan example thereof. .
E dando FAM DIC. CONES
J(OF/A TREATISE. TOV CHING: VINO. eA
overfal Inflice , orche Fountaines of Laws in one. \ \ . esos
(895, Tide, bywayof Arno gasMsss sos "D dcrontibas
ED "V THÉPROEM. "^ 9 s oturis.
APHORISME L .- - 9 m
N Civil fociety either Law or Power prevailes, for there isa
& Power which pretends law , and fome Law ta[l's rather of
Mightsthen Right. Wherefore there is atbreefold Eountaine of
Injuflice; Meere Power ; Cunning Ila ueation ur ler colour.
of Lawand the Hurfhnelie of Law ic fe ERES CLAN
JES ApH.
46 .
' Or Tue ADVANCEMENT
^, APHORISME II:
Theforce and efficacy of Private Rightis this. He tbat doth a
wrongsby tbe Factsrecetyes Profit er Pleafure; by tbe Example;
incurres Prejudice and Perill: others are mot Partners with him
in bis Profit or Pleafure; but they take themfelves interre[fed in.
the Example; and therefore eafily. combine. and accord togither
tofecurethemfelves by Lawes leat Injuries by turnes ceize upon.
every particular. But if thorough the corrupt humour of the times;
and the generality of guilt jt fall out, that to tbe greater number |
andthe more Potentsdanger is rather created then avoided ., by,
Such a Law; Fatkiondifanuls that Law swhich oflem comes ta.
paffe. |
APHORISME III.
Private Right is under the Protection of Publique Law.for
Lawes are for the People; Magiftrates for Laws, @) the au-
thority of Magiftrates depends upon the Majesty of Empire , and
the forme of Policy upon Lawes Fundamental : wherefore if
this Part be [ound &) healthfull,Lawes will be to good purpofe ; if
otherwifesthere will be litle fecurity inthem. ee
APHORISME IV.
Yet notwithftanding the end of Publique Law #3 not only to be
a Guardian to Private Right,leaft that Ponld any way be'piola-
ted;or torepre[Je Injuries: but it is extended alfo unto Religion,
Q9 Armes and Difcipline,and Ornaments; à Wealth , ¢) finally
to allthings which any way conduce unto the profperow eflate of a
Common wealth.
APHORISME V. |. —
For the End and Ayme at which Lawes fbould level, and
whereto they fhould direét their Decrees and Santlions | no o-
ther then this That the People may live happily - This will be
die aed eroi brought
OF IDEANN re a. Lis OVIIL
——————————Ó—————Y————————— a
brought to palfesif they bevightlystrain'd upin Pjecy and Reli-
gion; éf tbey be Honeft for Morall-converfation ; (ccud by
Armes againit forraine enimies, Naniced by Lawes; ugar?
[editions and private wrongs; Obedient to Government and
MagiflratessRich and Florifhing in Fobces and wealth: bus the
. nfiruments and finewes of all Bleffings are Lawes.
oma | APHORISME. Vl.
dnd this endtbe bef Lawes attaine; but many Liwes miffe
this marke: for there is agreat difference, and a wide diftance in
the comparative valure and virtue of Lawes, for {ome Lawes
are excellent (ome ofa middle temper,others altogither corrupt.
We will exbibite according tothe meafureof our judgementsfome
certaine Lawes (asit were) of Lawes, whereby information
may be taken, what in all Lawes is well or tll fet downe, and
Eftabli(bt.
APHORISME. VIL.
But before we defcend to the “Body of Lavves in Particular,
wewill briefly touch the merit and Dignities of. Lawes in gene-
ral. A Law may be held good,that is Certaine inthe intima-
tion; Juft inthe Precept; Profitable in the Execution; Agree-
ing with the Forme of Goverment in the prefent flate; and
begetting virtue in thofe that live under them.
ya By 2) A a
OF THE FIRST DIGNITY OF
Lawes; that they be CERTAINE.
APHORISME. VIII,
ERTAINTY fo Effentiallto a Law, as without it a Law
cannot be Juft; Si enim incertam vocem det Tuba, quis
fe parabit ad Bellum? Se if the Law give an uncertain,
found; who hall prepare bim[zlfe to obay? A Law than ought to
SE
rA
435
Or THe. ADVANCEMENT
ee
give warning before it firike: and it x a good Rule, That isthe
beft Law which givesleaft liberty tothe Arbitrage of the.
ludge, which is thatthe CeRvAINTY thereof effecterh. |
APHORISME. IX.
INCERTAINT v of Lawesisoftwo forts; one where no
Law is prefcribed; the other. when a Law is difficile and
darke: we must tberefóre fir fpeak of Caufes omitted in the
Law; that inthefe likewife there may be found fome Rule of
CERTAINTY.
OF CASES OMITTED
IN LAW.
APHORISME. X.
He narrow compa[Je of mans wi[dome, cannot comprehend
all cafes which time hath found out, and therefore Cafes o-
mitted,and new doe often prefent themfelves. n thefe
cafes there is applied atbreefold remedy, or fupplement, either’
by aproceeding upon like Cafes, or by the ufe of Examples thoe
they be not grown up into Law, or by luri(dictions, which award
according to the Arbitrement of fome Good Mans and according.
to found judgement, whether they be Courts Pretorian or of E-
quity, or Courts Cenforian or of Penalty. :
OF PROCEEDING UPON LIKE
Prefidents; and of the Extenfions of
LAWES.
APHORISME. XI.
N Cafes omitted, the Rule of Lawtwutobe deduced from
Cafes of like nature; but with Caution and Judgement.
Touching which thefe Rules following are to be obferved. Let
Reafon be fruitfull; Cuftome be Barren, and not breed Ca-
les. Wherefore wbat[oever isaccepted againft the Sence and
Reafon of a Lam, or elfe where the Reafon shereofts not appa-
rant
af a lle. _ i
i es, SE ee er eS
Or LEARNING. Lis. VIIL
rant , the [ame m must not be drawne into confequence.
APHORISME. XII.
A fingular Publique Good doth nece[Jarily introduce Cafes
Precermitted. Wherefore when a Law doth notably and extra-
ordinarily refpet and procure the ‘Profit and advantage of a
State, Letthe interpretation beample and extenfive.
APHORISME. XIII.
It is a hard Cafe totorture Lawes, that they may torture
Men. Wewould not therefore that. Lawes Penal, much
leffe Capital, fhould be extended to new Offences: yet if it
be an old Crime,and known to the Lawes, but the Profequution
thereof falls upon a new Cafe not fore feen by the Lawes; we muft
by all means depart from the Placits of Law), rather than that of-
fences pafse unpunifbt.
APHORISME. XIV.
Inthofe flatutes; which tbe occa Loiví specially con-
cerning cafes frequently incident, and are-of long conti-
nuance) doth abfolutely repeale; We like not the proceeding
by fimilitude,unto cales omitted: for whena State hath for 4
long time wanted a whole Law, and that, in Cafes expreft;
there is no great danger f the cales omitted «piri a remedy by
a new ftatute. |
APHORISME. XV.
Such Conflitution: as were manife ly. the Lagrec of Tin ime;
and fprung up from emergesit'Occafion , ‘then prevailing in the
Common-wealth, the fate of times once changed, they are re-
verenc'd enough ifi they s may confervei their authority, within the
limits of their own proper caf es. and it were gregem e» way
to fo extend and apply, themto Cafes omitted. .
aee EE, yo A APHOR.
BO
| Or THEAÀPYVANCEMENT
APHORISME. XVI.
There cán be no /Sequele ord Sequele, but the extention muft
be arte fted within the limits of immediate Cafes : otberwife we
fall by degrees upon unrefembling Cafes ; andthe subtlety Y
wit will be hp more force, than the hsibortey of. Law, |
poco eb i ay tT.
In Lawes and Statutes y 4 Cosa Ul s file, extention .
may be made more freely; b ut iu tbo[e Lawes which are puntiuall
intheentumeration of Cafes Particular, more warily: for. as
exception 1 frengthens the force of aLaw, in Cafes not Aet
ted, ;Pentimer aun weakens i it vin Cafes not enumerated,
y uem "APHORISME. XVII. 3d mA
P" Explanatory flatute dammes uptbe ffreames of a Former
ftatute; neither is the extention received afterward, in the one or
the other: fortbere is no: fuper-extenfi on cáhbe made by a
Tudge whereonce an. extention bath ne to M made bya
Law 19 9613 108 12 y t 1 ; M i
«0X din 21532 hsec 4 isbuiilienil vd
Wieder AMBOR 18955. ] XIX. its sti gael
Im Porkie of words and A&ks of C. Cour, "7 not admit. an d
tention upon like Cafes; for that loofeth the nature of Forma ity,
which departs from Cuftometo Arbitrement: and the introdutti-
on of new Cafes imbafeth the Majefly of the ed.
TEL i id 975.1 192031 es] ARA 7 iin.) daw?,
DEN EAS WAP HORII. » mi * c Sowa) ath
re
Extention à of Law /u apt "rim unto jars Poft-nate,
which were hot. silent in in ‘nature, when dr Las was
for where the vn could no not be expe dreft , <b ‘ etau[a —
ino
none [uch extant. a Cafe omitted zs “accepted 4f à Cafe expreft,
if the reafon be the fame.
“$0 for Extention of Lawes in Cafes omift Je thefe Rules
faffise
Or Learning. Lis. VIII
fuffice, Now we muff {peak of the ufe of Examples.
OF PRESIDENTS AND >
the ufe thereof.
APHORISME. XXI,
inferr’d, where Law is deficient: as for Cuftome, which
it a kind of Law; and for Prefidents which by frequent
PraGife are growne into Cuffome, as into a Vacite Law;wewill
fpeak in due place. “But now we (peak of Examples or Prefi-
dents, which rarely and (par[edly fall out, and are not yet growne
up to the ftrength of a Law, namely when,and with what caution
a Rule of Law # to be derived from them, where Law is De-
ficient.
N Ov it followes we [peak of Examples; fr om which Right is
APHORISME. XXII...
Prefidents mu? be derived from Good and Moderate;
and not from Bloudy, Fa&ious,r Diffolute Times : for Ex-
amples fetcht from{uch times,are a Baflar d iJuesand doe rather
Corrupt than Inftrutt. :
APHORISME. XXIII.
jn Examples the more Moderne, are to, be reputed tbe more
fafe: for tbat which was but lately done, and no inconvenience en-
fied tbéreon, why may it not be done againe? Yet neveribele[[e
Recent'Examples are ef leffe JAutbority:. and if perchance it fo
fallout, that a Reformation muft be made, Moderne Prefidents
taf? more of their own Times, thas of right Reafon.
APHORISME. XXXVL inate
But more Ancient Prefidents m8 be received with caution,
k 2 and
4A
442
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
and choice: for the Revolution of aw.Age altereth many rbings,
fo as what may (eem Ancient for Time, the fame through pertur-
bation, and Inconfrmity to the prefent Ages may be altogither
New: whereforethe examples f, midle time are beff, or of
fuch an Age as beft forts withthe Prefent times; which now and
than the Time further off better reprefents tban the Time
clofe at hand. XX .3MeIA
APHORISME. XXV.
Keep yeur felfe within, or rather on this fide tbe linnits of an
Example,and by no means furpalsethofe bounds: for where there
isnoRule of Law, all omghtto be intertaim d. with jealou[y:
wherefore heere; a in obfcure cafes follow that which is leatt
doubifol, * v 7» sms usns : RD
UVAPHOÓRISME. XXVI.
Beware of Fragments asd Compends of Examples; and .
view the Example entire and every particwlar. pafsage thereof:
for if it be uncivile and unreafonable before a perfec compre-
henfion ofthe whole Law, to make a, judgement upon a Part, or
Paragraph thereof; much more [bould ths rule hold in Examples;
which snle[fe they be very [quare aud proper, are of doubtfull ufe
and application. =~ wilt, Mar
APHORISME .XXVII.
.. In Examples it imports very much thorough what bands they
have palt, and bave bin tránjailed; for if they have gone.currant
mith Clerks only and Minifters, of Iuftice from the courfe of
[ome Courts, without any notice takes thereof by fuperior
Counfilors; or with the Maifter of Errors, the People; they
are to be rejetted and litle eftimed of: but if, they have bin fuch
precife Prefidents to Connfilors of Eftates Fudges or Principal
Courts, as tbat it muft needs be, thatthey bave bin frengthened
by tbetacite approbation at leaft of Iudges; they carry the more
Reverencewitbibem. _, m
Y M1 VAPOUR
E rAd aA APHOR.
Or LEganNING. Lis. VIII. 443
a EU tn
APHORISME XXVIII.
Prefidents that have bin publifht, bowever lee prattifed,
which being debated and ventilated by mens difcourfes and dif-
ceptations baye yet Stood out unargued, are of greater Authority,
but fuch as aye remaind, buried, as it were, in Clofets and Ar-
chives, are of le[fe: for Examples like waters are most rhein
in the running [treame. iA
APHORISME, XXIX. Veyesoramos
Examples that referre to Lawes , we would not Have them
drawn from writers of Hiftory, but from publique Acts, and
more diligent Traditions: for it 1 an infelicity familiar even
with the bet HiStorians, that they pa[Je over Lawes,and Iudici-
all proceedings to» flightly: andif perhaps they have ufed fome
diligence t therein, yet they vary much from Auchenai © Cons
fticucions. ; teh
+.
APHORISME XXX.
I5 Example, which a contempory JAge jor a time neeresbun-
toit hath repeal d, fhould not eafily be taken up\againe , thoe
thelike cafe fhould afterwards en[ue: nor makes it (o- mach for an
Example, that men have fometimes ufed it; as it makes again(t
an example that, upon experience, they have now relinquifpt ic.
APHORISME. XXXI.^
- Examples are admitted into Cownfils; but doe in like manner
prefenibe or command, therefore det them be fo. moderited, that
tbe Authority of tbetime paft; may be bowed. and pliedto the pra:
Hife ofthe Timeprefent. Andthusmuch concerning information
from Prefidents where Law ts Deficient. Now followes thatwe
(peak of Courts Pretorian and Cenforian ; 5 Courts of Equity,
and ET fure n.
i 2100 3i Cro] 52 Sy
EU Rhee ae i de
ET
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
OF COURTS PRATORIAN
AND (ENSORIAN.
APHORISME. XXXII.
5 Et there be Courts and Iurifdictions, which may define
according tothe Arbitrement of [ome Good man, and accor-
ding to found judgement for the Law (as is obferv'd before)
cannot provide for all Cafes, but is fitted to fuch occurrences as
commonly fall out, and Time (as was [aid by the Ancients) isa
moft wife Thing, and daily the Auctor and Inventor of
new Cafes. |
APHORISME. XXXIII.
New cafes fall out both in. Matters Criminal, which have
need of Penalty, and is Matters Civile which have need of Re-
licfe: the Courts which refpe the Former , we call Cenforian;
which refpect the latter , Pretorian. | |
APHORISME. XXXIV.
Let the Cenforian Courts of Juftice,bave jurifdittion and
Power not only of punifhing new offences; but alfo of increaf-
ing Penalties affzgned by the Lawes for old crimes, if the cafes.
beheynous, and enormous, fo, they be not Capitall: fora Notori-
ous guilt, as it were, a New Cale.
APHORISME, XXXV,
n like manner, let Pretorian Courts of Equity, bave pow-
er to qualify the Rigor of Laws as alfo of fupplying the De-
fects of Law: for if à Remedy ought to be extended tohimwhom
the Law hath 'paft by ; auch more to bim whom’ it hath
wounded. ^ "4 1 ji IL
APHORISME. XXXVI.
Let thefe Cenforian and Pretorian Courts be by all ‘means
Mas limited
an — —M€— t
Or q^ afr c? H Tis VII
limited within Cafes Heinous and extraordinary, &) not invade
ordinary Jurif diétions; leaf] peradventure the matter extend to
the éapplanicion; rather tbantbe fi igni of Law.
-4
APHORISME, XXXVIL.
"Let ife Iurifdi&ions recide only inthe Highelt Colles f
Iüdicacure, and not be communicated to SUES ROE! al
the Power of extending; or fupplying, or Moderating Lawes;
litle differs from the Power of Makeing them.
. APHORISME. XXXVII
But let not thefe Courts be affigied over to. one man, but
confiftof Many: Nor let the Detrees thereof. iffue Pr vith f-
lence, but let the Iudges alleag?Reifons of "their femence and
that openly inthe Audience of the Court. that what ir free in the
Power, may yet in the fame and reputation be confined.
$4 APHORISME LA
a Lin shetiesha we Rubrique of bloody adalah Difine sí Ge
pitall crimes in what Court foevers, but from known and cer=
taine Law; for God bimfelfe firfh denounced Death, afterwards.
inflifted it. Nor ts any manto be putto death, but be-tbat knew
before hand, that he — qu hiso own life.
APHORISME. xxix,
sd A Beas: of Clin Arar i^ Tyialls shit nes
ceffity be not impofi ed pon Tudgesiof abfolveing or of. condemne-
ing, but that they may pronokucea Non liquet, | fois like man-
nerslet Lawes Cenforian, not only be a Penalty, but an Infa-
| my, that ts which may hot infi à punifbhent, but either end
uae Lene ebafrit th Acinquent with, se «di
hc a Sener iq e Rt) lfbihg ae...
2TIUO- ) smi sd et hes ash sd Wed vv. T soil ot si^
noir 155! 5 di tos tal conoae MN M slsrovatoren\ tisk 3 à
stony 25!:O 1o noifadaidliGI ex 54 Wy owds eX Ü ARR
15f1
A.
446
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
APHORISME. XLL
Jn Cenforian Courts les the firft aggrefsions, and the midle
Aéts of Great offences, and wicked attempts be punifbt; yea al-
though they were never perfectly accomplifbt : and let that be the
chiefeft ufe of thofe Courts; fecing it appertaines to feverity, to
punifh the firft approaches of wicked enterprixes; andto Mercy
tointercept the perpetration of them by correcting midle Acts.
APHORISME, XLII.
Speciall regard muft be taken, that in Pretorian Courts,/uch
Cafes be not countenanc’d, which the Law hath not fo much pre-.
termitted, as flighted as Frivolow, or, as odious, judg'd wnwor-
thy redreffe. |
APHORISME XLIII.
Above.all it moft imports the Certainty of Lawes, that
Courts of Equity doe not (0 fiwell and overflow their banks, as
under preten[e of mitigating the Rigor of Lawes, they doe dif-
Ject orrelaxe the flrengtb and finewes thereof, by drawing all to
Arbitrement. .
thee
APHORISME. XLIV.
Let not Pretorian Courts have Power to Decree againft ex-
prefleftatute under any pretence of equity: for if this fhould be
permitted, a. Law-interpreter would become 4 Lavy-makery
and all matters {hould depend upon Arbitrement. €T
t
Som? are of opinion, thatthe Iuri{di tion of Defining accords
Or Learnine. Lis. VIII.
447
there it commixtion or jurifdictions; but you shall have Ar-
bitrement incroach upon, and at lat, [wallow up Law.
APHORI SME. XLVI.
The Tables of the Pretors among the Romans came in ufe
upon good ground: in tbe[e the Pretor fet domne and publifht a-
fore hand, by what forme of Law he would execute Judicature. Af-
ter the fame example, Iudges in Pretorian Courts, /hould pro-
pound certaine Rules to tbem[elves ( fofarre as may be) and 0-
perl» publifh them: for that isthe beft Law, which gives
leaft liberty to the Judge; he the beft Judge that-takes leaft
liberty tohimfelfe. But of thefe Courts we (hall fpeak more at
large,when we come tothe Title De Judiciis; we now fpeak of
them in palJage only, fo farre as they cleere and fupply that which
ts omitted by the Law.
OF THE REFLECTIVE ASPECT OR
REFERENCE of Lawes oneto another.
APHORISME. XLVII.
T Here a likewife another kinde of {upplement of Cafeso-
mitted; when one Law falleth upon another , and withall
drawes with it Cafes precermitted. This comes to paffe in Lawes
or Statutes, which (as the ufuall exprefionis) laoke back or re-
flect one spon another. Lawes of tht: nature, are rarely and
with great (Caution to be alleag’d: for we like it not, to fee a too
Fac'd Ianus in Lawes.
APHORISME. XLVIII.
He that goes about to elude and. circumvent the words and
fentence of Law by Fraude and captious fallacies, deferves in
like manner to be himfelfe infnar'd by a fucceeding Law : where-
fore incafe of {ubtile fhifts and finifter devifes, it is very mect
that lames [bould looke back upenand mutually füpport one
ancther,that he who (Iudies evafions, and everfion of Lawes
LI Prefenc
| 445
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
APHORISME. XLIX.
- Lawes which fPrengtben and eftablifo thetrue intentions of
Records. and Inftruments, againft the Dete&s of Formes
and Solennities, doe rightly comprehend matters P aft: for the
greatefl inconvenience in a law that reterres back , is that it di-
flurbeth: But thefe confirmatory Lawes; refpe& the peace and
fetling of thofe cafesswhich are tranfatied and determin d; yet we
must take heed that cales already adjudg'd; be not reverft or
violated, qt 221i MY : jn5did
APHORISME L..
We muft bevery carefull that , not thofe Lawes akye , be
thought to re{pect things paft, which invalide cafes already de-
cided, but tha/e alfowhich prohibite and reftraine future cafes
nece[Jarily connext with matters paft. As for example, if a Law
fbould inter dict fome kind of Trades-menthe vent of their com-
modities for hereafter: the letter of thts Lawis for the future;
but the fenfe and meaning takes hold of the time pafl; for nowit
isnot warrantable for [uch perfons to get their living this way.
APHORISME. LI.
Every Declaratory Law altboetbere be no mention of time
palt, yet by the force of the Declaration, it isby all meansto be
extended to matters paft: for the Interpretation doth not then
beginto be in forces when it is declared; but is made contempo-
rary withthe Law icfelfé. Wherefore never ena declaratory
Lawes, but in.cafe where Lawes may in equity referre and ooke
back ene upon another. . And here. we have done with that
part whichhandlestheIncertitupe oF Lawzs;where
no Law is found. It remaines; we now fpeake of that o-
ther part, namely where thereis à Law extant, but fucha
one asis PERPLEXT and Opscure. vatis
did [A Or
"ER eye ey Lis. VIII.
' OF THE OBSCURITY
OF LAWES. |
APHORISME. LEH,.
er of Lawes fprings from foure caufes : either
from the excefftve accumulation of Lawes, fpecially
where there isa mixture of Obfolete Lawes: Or from an
ambiguous, or not fo perfpicuout and dilucide defcription of
Lawes: or from the manner of expounding Law, eizber alto-
gither negle&ed, or not rightly pur[ued: or laftly from contra-
diction and incertainty of judgements.
OF THE EXCESSIVE ACCUMU-
LATION OF LAWES.
APHORISME, LITi.
S 3
sy He Prophet faith, Pluet fuper eos, Laqueos; . now there
are no wore (nares than the fnares of Lawes, pecially Pe-
nall, if they be immeníe for number; asd through the alterati-
ons of times unprofitable; they dee not prefent atorch, but
{pread anet to our Feet.
APHORISME. LIV.
There aretwo wayes in ufe of making a new ftatute, the one
eff abli[betb and ftrengthens the Former ftatute about tbe fame
je, and then addes and changes fomethings: the other abro-
gates and cancels what was Decreed before, and {ubftitutes de in-
tegro,a new and uniforme Law. The latter way we ap-
prove:for bythe former way Decrees become complicate and
perplext; yet what i undertaken is indeed purfued, but the Body
of Law is inthe meane time corrupted.“ But certainly the more di-
ligence u required inthe latter, where the Deliberation ts of the
Lawitfelfe; that is, the Decrees heretofore made, are to be
| pp Searched
449
459
iU Or THE ÀADVANCEMENT
fearcbedinto and ducly waighed and examiu ds before the Law be
publifht:but the chiefe point ij tbat by this means the Harmony
of Lawes is notably advanced for the future. :
AKBHORISME. LV,
It was acuffome inthe (late of Athens, to. delegate. fixe per- —
fons, for to revife and examine every yeare the Contrary" T icles
‘of Law, which they called Anti-nomies; aad fuch as could wot
bereconciled, were propounded tothe People that [ome certainty
‘might be defined touching them, After the example let {uch in
"every flates as baye the Power of making Lawes.reviem Anti-no-
mies every third or fifth yeare, or as they fee caufe. And thefe
may be firft fearcht into, and‘prepar'd by committees affiened
thereto, and after that exhibited to Affemblics, that fowhat [ball
be approy dsmay by fufirages be eftablifht and fetled. —
APHORISME, Lvl.
And let there not be 100 fcrupulow and anxious paines taken in
receucileing Contrary-Titles of Law: and of Salving (as they
terme it) all points by fubtle and fiudied Diftinétions. For this
is the webbe of wit, aud however it may carry a [Dew of Modeffy
and Reverence, yet it isto be reckoned in the number of things
Prejudicial, as being that which makes the whole body of Law ill-
forted and incoherent. It were farre better that the worft Titles
were cancel dyand the rest (Land in force.
APHORISME. LVII.
Obfolete Lawes and fuch as are growne out of ufes as well as
Anti-nomies,fhould be propounded by delegates, as apart of
their charge to berepeal d: for feeing expref[e Statute cannot re-
gularly be voided by Difufe; it falls out that through a Difefti-
mation of Obfolete Lawes , the autority of the reft is fome-
what embafed, and Mezentius Torture enfues ; that Lawes a-
live are killed with the embracements of Lawes dead: but
above all beware ofa Gangrene in Lawes. |
ML DUM "B APHOR.
Or Learnina. Lig. VIII.
LU
NU APHORISME LVERL 4502500 9b
Solikewife for Obfolete Lawes and fHFatutes , and [uch as are
not lately publiPt, let the Pretorian Courts have power, in the
mean [pacesto define contrary to them: for although it hath been
{aid not impertinently, no man ought to make himfelfe wi-
ferthan the Lawes; yet this may be understood of Lawes, when
they are awake; not when they are. afleepe.-Ontbe other fide; let
not ibe more recent ftacutes, which are found prejudicial to vhe
Law-Publiquesbe in the Power of the Indges, bit inthe Power
of Kings and Counfilors of Eftate awd:|upreme antorities for
Redre(Jes by (ufpending their execution through ediéls and JA;
untill Parliamentary Courts, and fub Higo Affemsblies meéf a-
gaine, which baye Power to abrogate them. Lest tbe fafety of the
Common wealth [bould in the meanwhile, be endangerd.
OF NEW DIGESTS OF^LAWES
PR APHORISME. LIX,
B Ct if Lawes accumulated upon Lawes, fwell into fach
AD vaj? volumes or be obnoxious tofuch confupion,that it i ex-
pedient torevife themanew , and to reduce them into a
Sound and folide body, intend it by all means; and let fuch a work
bereputed an Heroical noble work; and let the Auttors of (uch a
work, be rightly and defervedly ranckt, in thenumber of the
Founders and Reftorers of Law. |
APHORISME. LX.
This Purging of Lawes, and the contriveing of anew Dige(t
is five waies accomplifht. Fixft let Obfolece Lawes, which Iufti-
nian termes, old Fables be left out. Secondly Jet the moff. ap-
proved of Anti-nomies be recetved, the contrary, abolifbt.
Thirdly, /et all Coincident Lawes, or Lawes. which import
she (ame, and are nothing elfe but repetitions of thefame thing,
be expung d,and (ome one,the mof! perfetd among them, retain’ d
| Lil 3 | in flead
452
ivOr THE ApvaNncEMENT
in lead of all the reft: Fourthly if there be any Lawes which
determine nothing, but only propownd Gwe[lions, and fo leave
them undecideds let thefe likewife be caffe er' d. Laftly let Lawes
too wordy 44d too prolixe be abridged into a more narrow
Compare. .— vt
APHORISME, LXI
- And it willimport very muchfor ufe, to compofe and (ort apart
in anew Digeft of Lawes, Law recepted for Common Laws
which in regard oftheir beginning aretime out of mind; and on
the other fide ftacutes [uperadded from time totime: feeing inthe
delivery of a Turidicall fentence, the interpretation of Common
Law, and Statute-Lawes in many points is not the (ame. This
Trebonianus did inthe Digests and (ode.
APHORISME LXII,
But inthis Regeneration and new ftructure of Lawes,re-
taine precifely the words and the Text of the Ancient
Lawes and ofthe “Books of Law;thoe it muf? needs fall out that
Sich acolleétion muft be made by centoes {maller Portions :then
fort tbem in order. For althoe this might have bin performed
more aptly, and (if yourefpett right reafon) more truly, by a
New Text, than by [uch a con[arcination; yet in Lawes 5 tot fo
much the (tile and defcription; as Autority, and the Patron
thereof; Antiquity, are to be regarded: otherwife {uch a works
might (zem a {cholaftique bufineffe, and method, rather thar
a body of commanding Lawes.
APHORISME. LXIII.
Inthis New Digeft of Lawes upon good advifement a caye-
at bath bin put in.that the Ancient volumes of Law /hould not
be utterly extinguifPt , and perifb in oblivion; but (bould at leafé
remaine in Libraries;thoethe common and promi[cuow w[etbere-
of might be etaim d. For inCafesof waighty confequence, it
will not be amiffe to confult and look into the mutations and conti-
"nuations of Lawes pafl: and indeed it is ufuall to fprinkle Mo-
| TM derne
Or Learnine. Lise: VIII.
Meroen SRE AR s cron RE DSL RD
derne matters with Antiquity. And this new corps of Law,
muft be confirmed only by fisch, wbo in every flate bave the power
of making Lawes ; left perchance under colour of Digetting An-
eient Lawes, new Lawes, under hand be conyayed in.
APHORISME, LXIV.
Tt could be wifbt that thts Inftauration of Lawes, might fail
out, and be undertaken in luchtimes, as,.for learning and expe-
riences excell thofe more Ancient times» whofe As and Deeds
they recognize: which fell out otberwife inthe works of Iuftinian.
For it is a great unhappine|fes when the works of the Ancient , are
maimedsand recompiled by the judgement and choice of a leffe
wife and Learned Age: but oft times that. is neceffary which t
aot the best. eases
Thus much be fpoken of the Osscvrtty of Lawes,ari-
fing from the exceífive and confufed accumulation thereof.
Now let us {peak of the dark &DovarEvit DescRiPTION
of them. |
OF THE PERPLEXT AND OBSCURE
DESCRIPTION OF LAWES.
APHORISME LXV.
Bícure Defcription of Lawes arifes either from the
‘Loquacity or V erbofity ofthem,or againe from extreme
;Brevity; or fromthe Preamble of a Law repugnant
withthe Body of a Law.
APHORISME. LXVI.
^ 3t followes that we uow [peak of the Obícurity of Law, arifz-
ing from a corrupt and ercoked defcription thereof. The Lo.
quacity and Prolixity, which hath bin ufed in fetting downe
_ Lawes we diflike: neither doth ich a writer any way compa[Je
what he defires, and labours for; but rather the quite contrary.
For while aman endeapours to purfue and expreffe every hee
cular
i. 1: HS
E
Or THe ADVANCEMENT
cular cafein aptand proper termes, hopeing to gaine more
Certitude thereby, contrariwife it falls out that through Tany
words, multitude of Queftions are ingendred; fo as a more
found and '[olidinterpretation of Law, according tothe genuine
fenfe and mind thereof is much slg a through the noife of
words.
APHORISME. LXVII.
And yet notwithwanding atoo Concife and affected Brevi
tyfor Majesties fake, or as more Imperiall;is not therefore to be
approved» pecially intbefetimes; leaf Law become perchanges'
aLesbianRule. Wherefore amidle temperd flileis to be em--
braced; and a generality of words well fated to be fought out,
which though it doe not fo throughly purfue cafes comprehend ed, |
yet it excludes cafes not comprehended cleerely enough.
APHORISME;. LXVIII.
Yet in ordinary and Politique Lawes and Editi s, wherein for
moft part no man advi[etb with bis Counfil, but trufteth to bis owne
judgement, all /bould be more amply explicated and pointed
out, as it were, withthe finger evento the meaneft capacity.
APHORISME. LXIX.,
So neither fhould we allow of Preambles to Lawes, which a-
mong {tthe anctenss were held impertinenciessand which intreduce
Difputeing and not commanding Lawes if we could well a-
way with ancient cuftomes. “But tbe|e Prefaces commonly (as the
times are now) are necefsarily prefixt, not (o much for explication
of Law,as for per[wafron that fuch a Law may pa[se in the folemne
meeting of a State, and againe to give fatisfatkion tothe commu-
nalty. Tet fofarre as poffible may be, let Prologues; be avoided
and the Law begin with acommand. :
APHORISME. LXX.
The Mind and Meaning of a Law, "m fni it ny
be drawn not improperly from Pxefaces and Preambles (as they
terme
Or Diewern ca Lx VIIL
termethem,) yet the latitude and extentionthereof, muft not be
fetcht fromtbence. Fora Preamble by way of example » {ome
times fetcheth in laies hold upon [ome of the moft plaufible 47 moft
fpecious pa[Jages; when yet the Law comprifeth many moe:
or onthe contrary,the Law reftraines and limits many (Cafes;
the reafon of which limitations to infert in the Preface were fis-
perfiuow. Wherefore the dimentfion and latitude of a Law
muft be taken from the “Body of a Law: for a Preamble often
falls either fhort,or over.
APHORISME. LXXI.
And there is a very. vitious manner of Recording of
Lawes, that i, when thecafeat which the Law aimeth, is ex-
preft at large i inthe preamble, afierward from the force of the
word (The like) or fome fuch terme of relacton; the Body of a
Law é#rever/tintothe Preamble, fo as the Preamble is infer-
téd and incorporated into the Law it (elfe; which is an obfcure and
not [o fafe a cowrfesbecaufe tbe [ame diligence ufetb not to beta-
ken in Pondering and examining the words of a Preamble, as
there ufeth to be done in the Body of a Law i felfe. This part
touching the Wncertainty of Lawes proceeding from an ill Dez
{cription of them we fhall handle more at large hereafter, when
we come totreat of the Interpretationo Lawes. Thus much
of the obícure Defcription of Lawes., ue ld w [peake
of the waies 49; expounding, Lawes,
OF THE DIVERS. WAÀLES OR
expounding’ Law and folyeing Doubts.
a
APHORISME, LXXII
The waies of Expounding Law 454 lolveing Doubts, are
five. Forthisis done either by Court Rolls and Records, or by
Authentique wriss;or by fubfidiary books;or by Prelections;
or by Refponfes anid, Riefolutions ‘of wife men. <All thefe if
they be wellinftituted and/et downe, will be fingular helps at band
again[I the obícurity of Lawes.
Mmm OF
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
OF THE REPORTING OF
JUDGEMENTS.
APHORISME. LXXIII.
Bove all, let the ludgements delivered in higher, and
Principall Courts of Tudicature,and in matters of grave
importance ; fpecially Dubious, and which have fome
Difficulty and Newnefleinthem, be taken with faith and dili-
gence. For Decrees are the Anchors of Law, as Lawes are
of the Republique.
APHORISME. LXXIV.
The manner of colle&ing fuch Judgements and Reporting
them; let betbis. Regifterthe cafe precilely, the Iudgements
exactly; annexe the Reafons of the Judgements alleadged by -
she Judges ,mingle not, Authorities of Cafes brought for exam-.
plewith Cafes Principal. As for Perorations of Pleaders,:
unle[Je there be fomething in them very remarkable, palfe them o-.
ver with filence. \ "
APHORISME. LXXV.
The Perfons which fhould Colle& thefe Iudgements, Let
them be of the order and ranke of tbe Learnedft Advocates, and
let them receive a liberall Remuneration from the State.
Let not the ludges themfelves medle;at allpith tbefz Reports;
leaft perchances devoted to their awne opinions, and [upported by
their owne Authority, they tran{cend the limits of .a Re-
porter. Hg .
APHORISME. LXXVf.
Digeft thefe ludgements according tothe order'aid com -
tinuation of times not according to Method and Fitles : for
writings of this nature are, as it were, the Hiftories and Re-
iQ ports:
Or Learnine. Lis. VIII.
parts of Lawes, nor doe the Decrees alonesbut their t imesal[o.
give light to awife Indge.
OF AUTHENTIQUE WRITERS.
APHORISME. LXXVII.
Et the Body of Law be built only upon the Lawes them-
felves, which conftitute the common Law; next of De-
crees or Statutes, in the third place of ludgements enrolled;
befides tbe[eseitber let there be no other Authentiques at all, or
fpareingly entertain d.
APHORISME. LXXVIIE
Nothing fo muchimports Certainty of Lawes (of which wé
now difcourf?) asthat Authentique writings, be confined within
moderate bounds; and that the exceísive multitude of Authors
and Dotiors of the Lawes, whereby the mind and fentemce of
Lawes are diftratted , the Indge confounded; proceedings are
made immortal; and the Advocate himfelfe, de [pairing to read o-
yer andconquer [o many Books betakes bim[elfe to Abridge-
ments. be difcarded. Jt may befome good elo[Je, and [ome few of
Claffique writers, or rather (ome {mall parcell of few writers, may
bereceived for Authentiques. Yet ofthe reft, feme ufe may be
made in Libraries, where Iudges or Advocates, may a occafion
isoffered read their Difcour[es: but in caufes to be pleaded, let
them not be permitted to be brought, and allcagedinthe Courts
nor grow up into autority.
«OF. AUXILIARY BOOKS:
2 APHORISME. LXXIX.
" ' Ét not the knowledge and pradtife of Law be deslituied,
but rather well provided of Auxiliary Books. They
. Mmm 2 afe
4»
a
458
Or THE. ADVANCEMENT
are in general fixe forts, Inftituces, of the fignification of
words, of the Rules of Law; Ancient Records; Abridge-
ments, Formes of Pleading.
APHORISME LXXX
Young Students ,and Novices are to be enterd by Inftitutes,
that they may the more profoundly and orderly draw and takein
tbe knowledge and Difficulties of the Lawes. (ompofe tbe[e
Inflitutes after acleere and perfpicuous manner. Ta ihefe ele-
mentary books rune over the whole Private Law ; not paffing.
by fome Titles, and dwelling too long npon others, but briefly
touching fomething in all ; that fo coming to read ibrough the,
whole body of Lawes, nothing may be prefented altogither
firange, butwhat hath bin tafted, and preconceiy d by fome flight
notion. Touch mot tbe Publique ^ Law in Inftitutes, but les
that be deduced from the Fountaines of themlelves.
> (APHORISMES) LXXX
. Compile a Commentary upon the Termes of Law: Be not too
curiow andtediow in the explication thereof, and of rendring
their fenfe; for the {cope heres is notexatily tofceke eut the Deb-
nition of words, but [uch explications only, as may cleere the’
pafjage to the reading of the Books of Law... Digeft not thts,
Treatife by the letters of the Alphabet: Leave, thatto fome In-.
dew; but let {uch words as wnport the fame thing be forted togither,
that inthe comprebenfion of the fenfe, one may adminifter help.
unto the other.
APHORISME, LxXX1l. ~
A found and well-labour d Treati(e of tbe Diverfe Rules of
Law, conduceth (if anything doth tothe Cercainty of Lawes.
A worke worthy the Peune of the greatest wits, andwifef? Furifts.
Nor dee we approve what is extant in this kind. And not only no-
ted and common Rules, are to be collected, but. alf» others: more
Subsile,and abftrufesmbich may 6e ab[Iratked out of the Harmo-
xs ot Mi ny
Or Learnine.. Lis. VIIL,
ny ny of Lawes, and fudged | Cafes, fi uch as are fometimes found in
the beft Rubriques;and thee are the general Dictates of Rea-
fon, and the Ballaft, as it were of Law.
APHORISME. LXXXIIf,
_ “But all Decrees and Placits of Laws ma/t not be taken-for
Rules, às is wont to be abfurdly enowgh: for if this fbould be ad-
mitted, then (o many Lawes; fo many Rules; for a Law is so-
thing elfesthen a commanding Rule. “Bat accept thofe for
Rules wbichecleave to the very Forme of Iuítice , from whence
for moft part the (ame Rules are commonly found through the
Civile Lawes of Different States, unle/Je perhaps they vary for
the reference tothe Formes of Publique Goverments.
APHORISME. :LXXXIV.
After the Ruleis delivered? in a briefe and [ub[Lantiall com
prehenfion of words. let there be, for explication, agnext exam-
ples, and moft cleere and luculent Decifions of Cafes; Diftin-
ctions and exceptions for limitations; Points concurrent in
fenfesfor Amplification; of ihe fame mie
A PHORISME, LXXXV.
It is well grven in Precept, that a Law fhould’ not be
drawne from Rules, bucthe Rule from the Law in force.
Neither is a Proofeto be takenfrom tbe words of a Kule; as if it
were a Text of Law. fora Rule (a tbe [ea-mans needle doth the
Poles) indicates only, sot Determines Law.
APHORISME. LXXXVL
* Befides the Body of Law, it will availe alfo , to furvay the
Antiquities or ancient Records of ‘Lawes, whofe Autority,
thoe it be panifbt, yet their Rever ence remainess Bil. An let the
writings and ludgements concerning Lawes, be received for,
the Antiquities of Laws, which in tinepreceded the, Body of;
Lawes, whether they were e publi(bt or pot: for thefe mu) not be
Lost. Therefore out oftbefe Records fele&t what ever is mo[l ufe-
Mmm 3 full
459
Or THEADVANCEMENT
full (for there will be found much vaine and frivolous matter in
them) and digest them into one volume; Left old fables (as Tre-
bonianus calls them) be mixt with the Lawes themfelves.
APHORISME. LXXXVII.
And it much imports the Prackique part of Lawes, that the
whole Law be Digefted into Placesand Titles, whereto aman
may have (as occaffon [ball be given) a fodaine recourfe, as toa
fürnifbt Promptuary for prefent prattife. Thefe Books of A-
bridgements, both reduce into Order what was difberfed, and
abreviate what was diffu[edand Prolixe in Law. But caution.
must be taken that thefe Breviaries, make not men prompt for
the Practique partsand flothfull for the knowledge it felfe: for
their proper ufe and office us this, that by them the Law may bee
tilled over againes and not throughly learned. And thefe Sum-
maries mu? by all meanes be collected with great diligence, faith,
and judgement lest they commit Fellony againft the Law.
APHORISME. LXXXVIII.
Make a Colletkion of the diverfe Formes of Pleading in eves
kinde: for thar conduceth much tothe Practique Part: and Cer-
tainly thefe Formes doe difcover the Oracles, and fecret Myfte-
ries of Lawes : for there are many things which lye hidden in
Lawes; But inFormes of Pleading, they are better and more
largely difplayed, -- like the Fiftto the Palme.
OF RESPONSES AND RESOLVTI-
ONS OF DOVBTS.
APHORISME. LXXXIX.
Ome Courfe muft be taken for the Cutting off andfatisfying
Particular Doubts which emerge from time to time:for it ts a
hard cafetbat they which defire to fecure themfelves from error,
fhowld finde no guide to tbe way. but that prefent Bufrne[fes [bould
be haxarded, and there fbould bee no meanes to know the Law
| vg before.
Or Learnine. Lis VIIL
before the matter be difpatcht.
APHORISME. XC.
That the Refolutions of the Wife, given to (liewts touching
point of Law, whether by Advocates or Profeflors /Pould be
of (uch authority, that it may not be lawfull for the Fudge to de-
part from their opinionsve cannot apprope. Let Law be derived
from {worne ludges.
APHORISME. XCI,
To Feele and (ound ludgements by fained Caufes and Perfonss
that by this meanes, men might find out what the Courfe and pro-
ceeding of Law will be, we approve not: for it difbonoureth tbe
Majesty of Lawes, and is to be accounted a kind of prevarica-
donor double dealing; and it is a foule fight to fee places of
ludicature to borrow any thing from the ftage.
APHORISME. XCII. '
Wherefore let, a5 well tbe Decrees,ds ¢he anfwets and Coun-
fils proceed fromthe Judges alone: thofe of [wits depending, thefé
of difficult poinis of Law,in the general. Require not thefe De-
cifions, whether in caufes private or publique, from the Indges
themfetves, (for this were to make the Indge an Advocate) but of
the Prince, or of the State. From thefe let the order be diretied
untothe ludges: and let the ludges thw authorized, heare the
reafons on both fides;both ofthe Advocates or ofthe Com-
muittees, deputed by the parties to whom the matter appertaineth,
or of them afsigned by tbe Fudges tbem[elves; if necefsity fo re-
quire. and waighing the Caufe, let them deliver the Lawupon thé
cafe and declare it. Let thefe verdicts and counfils, be recor-
ded and notified among[? Cafes adjudged, and be of equall au-
thority,
OF
462
Or THEADVANCEMENT
OF PRELECTION s.
APHORISME. SCC TDI,
- Etthe Le&ures of Law yandthe exercifes of tbo[e that ad-
dreffe &bem[elvesto the fiudies of Law, be fo inftituted and
ordered, that all may tend rather to the laying afleepe, than
the awakeing of Queftions and Controverfies in Law. For (as
the matter is now carried) a Schoole is fet ups and open among ft
all, totbe multiplying of. Altercations and Queftions in Law,
as if their aime was only tomake oStentation of wit. And this is
an old difea[e, for even amongft the Ancientss it was, as it weres a
glory, by Seéts and Fatkions to cherifh rather than extinguifh
many queftions concerning Law. Provide cgainft this in-
convenience. "
OF THE INSTABILITY OF
IUDGEMENTS. '
APHORISME XCIV. .
Fe sevens become incertainés either through immature
and too precipitate proceedingto fentence; or through
Emulation of Courts; or:through ill and: unfckiltull re-
giftring of Iudgements; or becaufe thereis atoo ealy and ex-
pedite way open of Reverfing and Refcinding chem.W here-
fore it muft be provided, that \udgements i[Jue forth not without
aftaid deliberation had aforehand; and that’ Courts: beare a
Reverent refpectto one anothersand that Decrees be drawne
up faithfully and wifely; and that toe way to repeale" Iudge-
ments be narrow, rockie and flremed; às it ere, with fDarpe
flones. own Vs Tatow wns
ds
APHORISME. XCV.
Ifaludgement have been awarded upon a Cafe in any Prin-
eipall Court,andthe like cafe,intervene in another Court; proceed
wot to fentence before the matter be advi[ed upon its [ome fo-
lemne
Or Learnine. Lis. VIII. T 463
lemne Affemble of Iudges: for if r if ludgements awarded mft
needs be repeal'd; yet letthem be interred with iei Sx)
APHORISME. .XCVI. 199! onisiliv
For Courts to be at debate and variance about Inriídi&tiodl
ts a bumane frailty ; and tbe more becaufe this intemper ances
through a mi[prifion and vaine conceit (that itisthe parcof. d
{tout refolute ludge to enlarge the priviledges of the Corr)
is openly countenanced and {purr d ons whereas it hath need of the
Bridle. But that out of this heat of ftomacks Courts fhould [2 eafis
lyreverle on beth fides Judgements awarded, which nothing
pertaine to luri(dictionss aninfuferableevills which by allmenns
Soould be représ d and punifbt, by Kings or Counfils of States of
the forme of Government. For it is a Prefident of the worft ex-
ample, That Courtsthat fliould diftribute Peace > prt
them({cly es practile Duels, T
^
rr ol
APHORISME. XCVIL
Let there not be atoo ea[y and free palfage made to the Re
pealing of Iudgements by Appellations;, and wits of Error,
or Reexamination, dnd the like, It i maintained by [omes that
aSuit may be brought i into a Higher C ourt, as entire and untried,
the Indgement paft upon it {et afide and ablolutely luf pended:
others are of opinion that the lud gement it felfe may ftandin
force, but the execution thereof may be ftaid: neither of the[e
isto be allowed, unle[Jethe Courts wherein tbe Iudgement was a-
warded, were of a bafé and inferior order ; but vatber that both
the Iudgement fland, and that the execution. thereof góc on, [e a
Caveat be put in by the Defendant for Damages and oir y
the Iudgement /Pould bereverft.
[15
B Utthis Titlé touching the Certainty of Lawes (ial "
fice fora prefident tothe teft of a * Di- * ieszos jui a nation. SACRUM
GEsT, which we with care & diligence pipes de pa aba Se
' endeavour to contrive. Andnow have we deine Eum ERA
concluded Civile Knowledge ( (o farte as we stati; tonfeerandum re/ervetur.
thought fit co entreat thereof) and togither with it Humane
Non. ' Philofophy
464
Or THe AdvVANCEMENT
= aap, a dia vit Honore Pli) PRO
General. Wherefore being now at length at fome paufe,
.* and lookeing back into that we have paftthrough; this our
writeing feems tous not much unlike thofe founds and |
Preludes, which Mufitians make while they are tuneing
their JuStruments; which is harfh and unpleafing to heare,
but yet is acaufe why che Mufique is {weeter afterwards.
So have we bin content to imploy our paines in tuneing the
jufirument of the Mufes, and to fet ic unto atrue Harmony,
that afterwards they may play who have better hands.
Surelyswhen I fet before me the condition of thefetimes,
in which Learning feemsto have made hir third Circuit to
Men; and withall diligently behold, with what various
fupplies and fupportsbeing furnifht, fhe hath made her vi-
fitation;as are, the height and vivacity of many wits inthis
our Age; the excellent monuments of Ancient writers, which as
fo many great lights fhine before us; the Art of Printings
which communicates Books with aliberall hand to men of
allfortunes; the travel d bofome of the Ocean and of the world,
opened on all parts, whereby multitudes of experiments un-
known to the Ancients have bin difclofed, and Naturall Hi-
fforyby the acceffe of aninfinite MafTe advanced: the leafure
wherewith the Kingdomes and States of Europe every
where abound, not imploying men fo generally in Civile
Bufineffes, as the States of Gracia did in refpect of their Popy-
larity, or as the ftate of the Romans did in refpect of their
Monarchy: the Peace which at this prefenct Brittanny,
Spaine: Italy, as alfo at thisinftant France and many other
Countries enjoy: The Con(umption (7 Exinanitiog of all that
can be imagined or {aid in controverfies of Religion, which
now fo long time havetaken up fo many wits, and diver-
ted them from the ftudies of other Sciences: the Elevation and
Perfettion of Your Majefties Learning, about whom (as the
Birds aboutthe Phoenix) whole vollies.of wits flock and
affemble: Laftlythe infeparable property which attends time it
felfe, which is,ever more and more to difclofe Trath: when we
think I fay, on thefe advantages; we cannot but be railed to
: this
Or LEARNING. LIB VIII.
this Perfwafton; that this third peried of Learning, will farre
{urpaffe thole two former of the Grecian and Roman Learn-
ing. Onely if men will but well and wifely know their
owne ftrength and their own weakneffe both; and take,one
from the other, light of Inventions, and not Fire-brands of
contradiction, and eftime of the Inquifition of Truth, as a
noble entreprife,and not as a delight or ornament; and im-
ploy wealth and magnificence to things of worth and ex-
cellency and nottothings vulgar & of populareftimation.
As for my Labours, if any man fhall pleafe himfelfe or o-
thers in the reprehenfion of them; certainly they fhall caufe
me put up that ancient requeft, but of great patience, terbe-
ra fed Audi, let men reprehend as they pleafe, [othey obferve
and waigh what is fpoken. Verily the Appeale is lawfull
(though, it may be; for this matter, not fo needfull) ifit be
made from the fir? cogitations of men uatothe fecond, and from
the necrer times, to the times farther off. |
Now letus come untothe Learning, which thofe two
ancient Periods of time were not fobleft as to know , I
meanSacaED AND DiviwELv IwsPiRED "TuEorocy,
the NobleS Saboath and Port of all mens Labors and Pere-
grinations.
465
——À
» doi SA gere —À vl o »da a
& ab hun Y do noatliepat 3di^o bes n i e^
nm bri dune wo vigitab s 2 son bansligsimesidon —
xy bagdnóv: 3o 2ewids ofoonsstidgerm bon daleswe qal 9
(atousenifis s erigoq Y A igltwegnidsesion brneponallaa ;
bo Smit sisslq Hedi nang vn 1i cies d aeos
Sines Misa o vinta: ansa do noflisdoigss sionis 4
vit Sadorieg véase lo sud disuparansione 1«dy qu
OW vido qeu, Cpl pated busdees egt pire
Hintovel aicolsaqg&. 9d eii Vie Ay pecan E:
; $82 Trin ono Jomamraiils dol d vsoa: 3i algal F
man ui icon ol ova soto tatorimdiaon Non ud mos oim
To nmt gi Nd ELM
ows Slots duidir ginis sey oan eros zu o] v
p iy? wos o3 «s Sold df somnio wit dha
goanT wadiwnl coxa CL quá aga:
isse ores d ww betur eret Y
"m iu is CA Uds. Mew Re ai +
ary D. ] ) Fe
dr py a "m VUE v We Tan er L is MI. 4fds. g nt Ew
ME v. Hin Aout; 1 «xt afr L1 ingen: lo P
j AN el oA ad. eM d ^ ACE i iN
- i (wo | = ! 2 p oe v
Me va ha Jo V T s "Erde MEME SM
: SD " i 1 u i A d i rts
cin v i? nag ec oe] Uum id LAM v vr IET at OF 1 L
TURON VRE ^ x
^ "d wes d SPEED YN "e
ted A MR AU IUe rea EV me v M X dies SÁ »
e d
noy gt TON s as Ü Tu pH vus dA uc T ;
Petr 5 Hon Of P. Nox Mat T2 aou alic yh neat
ceived about: DE qwe t wis vn M onn VOR
m T ‘ -
Mibi AP (y p Auf tras TAY VY In p fro Ji id und PL y
ffo s uc 5 14 n bv acr ape ru ET |
Tide on the peavey gu viticole
( 467)
qenenineneneneseres
THE NINTH BOOK OF
FRANCIS LO. VERVLAM
VICOUNT. S ALBAN.
OF THE
DIGNITY AND ADVANCEMENT
OF LEARNING,
—— eee
_—
Tothe KING.
cR od nsum
The Partitions of Infpircd Divinity are omitted, only acceffe is made
tothreeDericisnts. I. The Doétrine of the tight ufe of
Humane Reafon in matters Divine. H . The Doctrine of the
Degrees of Vnity inthe City of God; Di. Asche Emanati+
onsof SS. Scriptures. cok
A o Nd now (moft excellent King) we have witha
GS ANze [mal Barques fuch as we were able ro fet out;
a 52 M fail d about the univerfal circumference, as
o4 683 well of the old asthe new WoRL.D Or SCIENCES,
with how prolperous windes and courfe, we
leave to Pofterity to Judge. What remaines, but that, have-
ing accomplifht our Defignes, we fhould.pay our vowes?
Butthere refts yet behinde Sac RED-INSPIRED-DIvINITY3
aT ok | . j J iii U 15112 11 I ví ;
whereof if we fhould proceed to intreat, we fhould depart
out of the Pinnace of Human Rea[on, and goc into the Ship of
the Church, which muft alonebe governed by a Divine fea-
needle to dire& her courfearight: for the Barres of Philofo-
phy which hetherco fhined forth UBtO US », E | Were our:
chiefe guide, here faile us: it were chen meet, we kept fi-
Nnn 3 lence
468
E
SOsRON
five de le-
gitimo ufü
RATIO.
NIS huma-
mz in DI-
VINIS,
Gen. 18.
Or THE ADVANCEMENT
lence inthis facred fubje&. Wherefore we fhall omit the
jufl Partitions of this knowledge ; yet notwithftanding
Íomewhat we will caft into this treafury, by way of good
wifhes according to the proportion of our flender hability.
This we doethe rather becaufe we finde no coaftor {pace
of ground in the whole “Body of Divinity lying vacant and
untilled; fodiligenthave menbeen, either in fowing of
Good feed, or fowing of Tares.
§ Wherefore we will propound three Appendices of Theo-
logy treating, not ofthe matter informed of by Divinity, or
to be informed off; but only of the manner of information: nei-
ther will we annexe examples, or fet downe precepts con-
cerning thefe Tra&tates, as our manner wasto doein the
reft; that we referre to Divines, for thefe are (as hath been
faid) like meere vowes only. :
I. The Prerogative of God Comprehends the whole
man; and is extended as well to the Reafon, as tothe will of
Man, that issthat man renounce himfelfe wholly, and draw
neere unto God. whereforeas we areto obay bis law thoe
we finde a reluctationin our will , fo we are to believe bis
word thoewe finde a reluctation in our Reafon: for if we
believe only that which is agreeable unto our Reafon, we
giveaffenttothe Matter, not to the Auétor, which is no
more than we would doe towards a fufpected and diícre-
dited witneffe: but that Faith which was accounted unto Abra-
ham for Righteoufne[fe, was of fuch a point; as whereat Sa-
rab laughed, who therein was an Image of Naturall Reafon.
By how much therefore any Divine Myftery is more dil-
condant, and incredible, by fo much the more Honour is
given to God in "Believing, and the victory of our, Faith is
made more noble: Nay even finners by how much the
more they are furcharg din conícience, & yet repofea cruft
in the mercies of God for their falvation, by this doe more
honour God, for all defperation tt a reproach of the Deity: Nay
farther (if wetruly confiderthe point) it is an A& more
greatand highto believe, than to kao», às we now know: fox
in knowledge mans mind fuffers from fea/e, which refules
| | ^ from
Or LEARNING. Lis. IX;
{pirit, which isthe worthier Agent: the cafe is otherwife
in the Sate of Glory for chen Faith fballcea[e 2 we fhall know , Cox.
as we are knowne. Wherefore we may conclude;that Sacred xxix.
Theology is grounded on, and muftbe deduced from the 0-
racles ef God; & not from che light of Nature; or the Diékates
| 4p
from things materiate; but in Beliefe the {piric fuffers from
of Rea[on: for it is written, The Heavens declare the Glory of Pfal-xrx.
Gods but we never finde it written The Heavens declare the
will of God: of the will of God, itis {aid, Ad legem t) Teftimo-
nia; [i non fecerint (eundum illud i2 c. ‘This holds not only
in thofe Great Myfteries concerning the Deity, the (Creation,
the Redemption, but appertaines alfo to a more perfe& inter-
pretation of the Law Morall, Love your Enimies, doe good to Mat.¥i
them that bate you Sc. that youmay be the children of your bea-
yen]y Father, who commands the raineto fall upon the juft and
unjufts which words certainly deferve that applaufe, Nec
vox hominem fonat: For it isavoice beyond thelight of Na-
ture. So likewife we fee the Heathen Poets efpecially,
when they fall upon a pafsion, doe ftill expoftulate with
Lawes and Moralities (which yet are fatre more free and in-
dulgent than dépine Lawes ) as if in a kind of malignity, they
were repugnant to the liberty of nature,
Tu Ez quod. natura vemittit
Invida jura negant -----
$ofaid Dendamis the Indian, unto Alexanders Meffengers,
That be bad beard fomewhat of tbe name of “Pythagoras, and
fome other of tbe wife-men of Grecia; andtbat be heldthem for
excellent men; but they bad one fault which was, that they bad in
too great. Reverenceand veneration, an imaginary thing they
called Law AND. Manners. So it muft be confefl; that a
great part of the Law Morall is of that perfection, wheretin-
to the light of nature cannot afpire : yet notwithitanding;
that men are {aid to have; even from the Light and Law of
Nature, {ome notions and conceits of virtue; vice, juftice, in-
jury, good and evill, is moft true and certaine. Yet we mutt
underftand that this dight of Nature is ufed in two feverall
fences; fir]; as it fprings from fence, Induction; Reafons
Argu-
n
vul
Platar. in
Alex. M.
470 Os THe ADVANCEMENT |
Arguments, according to the Lawes of Heaven and Carth.
Secondly , as itis imprinted and fhines upon the fpirit of
Man by an inward inftinct according to the Law of Confci-
ence, which isa {parke, and, as it were, the Remaines of a
Priftine and Primitive Purity: in which latter fenfe princi-
pally, thefoule is participant of fome light to behold and
difcerne the perfection of the Morall Law; whichlight is -
not altogither fo cleare, but {uch as in fome meafure rather
reprehends vices than fully informes us concerning Duties: |
Sothen the Religionas well Morall as Myfticall depends up- |
on Divine Revelation. | | |
V.Dotis § Theu/e,notwith{tanding, of Humane Reafon in matters
Succ oie fpirituallyis, without queftion, manifold;very {pacious, and
Politiz 1.3. generall; and it is not for nothing that the Apoftle calls Re-
ie ligion, our reafonable fervice of God, Let it be remembred
1x. thacche fhadowes and Figures of the old Law, were full
Rom-x11. of Reafon and fgnification, much differing from the cere-
monies of Idolatry and magique» which were furde and.
mute; oftentimes inftructing nothing, no not fo much as
infinuating any thing. The Chriftian Faith efpeciallysas in all
things, [oin ibis is eminentsand deferves highly to be magnified,
that it holds a golden Mediocrity touching the ufe of Reafon and
Difputation, which isthe of pring of Rea[on, between toe Law of
the Heathen andthe Lawof Mahomet which baye imbraced the
two extremes; for the Religion of the Heathens had no con-
flant beliefe or confelsion, on the contrary in the Religion
of Mahomet 5 all Difputation was interdi&ed: fo as one
hath the very face of wandring and multifarious error; the
other of cunning and cautelous impofture; whereas the Ho-
ly Chriftian Faith doth both admit and reject Difputation,
butaccording to due bounds.
§ Theufeofhumane Reafonin matter pertaining to Reli-
gion is oftwo forts, theone in the explication and conception
of the Myflery; the other in Illations and Fnferences derived
fromthence. Astouching the Explication of My Steries, we fee
that God vouchfafeth to defcend tothe. weaknefle of our
capacitysfo exprefsing and unfolding his Mysteries as they
may
Or Learnine. Lis. IX.
may beft be comprehended by us;and inoculating as it were,
bis Revelations, upon the Conceptions and Notions of our Rea-
fon; and [o applying his in(pirations to open our under[lamding,
as the forme of the kay ws fitted to tbe ward of the lock. In
which refpect. notwithftanding, we ought not to be
wanting to our felves; for feeing God himfelfe makes ufe
of the faculty and fun&ion of Reafon in his Illuminations,
we ought alfo every way toimploy and improve the fame,
whereby we may become more capeable to receive and
draw in fuch holy Myfferies: with this caution, that the
mind for its Module be dilatedto the amplitude of the
Myfteries;and not the myfteries be ftreightned and girt in-
.to the narrow compafle of the Mind.
§ 4s for lüations we ought to know thatthere is al-
lowed us a ufzcf Reafon and Argument, in regard of My-
feriess fecondary and Refpective; not Primitive and Ab-
folute: for after the Articles and Principles of Religion, are
placed in their feats, fo as they ftand altogether exempt
fromthe examination of Reafon, it is then indeed permit-
ted unto us to make derivations & inferences from them;
according to the Ánalogie of them: 7n things Natural this
holds not; for both the Principles are liableto examinati-
on, by faduéction I méan,thoe notby S5logifme; and the
fame Principles haveno repugnancy with Reafon,but chat
_the firft and midle Propofitions, may be derived fromthe
fame fountaine. But itis otherwife in the Doétrine of Re-
Ligion, wherethe firft propofitions are their own fuppor-
ters and fubfiftentby themlelves, and again, they are not
regulate by that Reafon, which inferreth confequent pro-
pofitions. Nor holdeth this in Religion alone, butalío in
other Sciences both of greater and {maller nature; namely
Wherethe Primarie Propofitions are Placita not Pofita, be-
cauíe in thefe allo the ufé of Reafon cannot be abfolute. For
inflance we fee in Gamessas Cheffe, or the like, that the firft
Draughts and Lawes of the Play are meerely pofitive 47 ad pla-
citum, which muft abfolutely be accepted and not difputed; but
that thereupon you may win tbe Game, and with the beft advan-
Ooo tage
471
——
472 Or THEADVANCEMENT
a —— M — —
tage manage your play» ua thing artificial and Rational. So
itis likewifein Humane Lawes; wherein there be ma-
ny Maximes (asthey ftilethem) that is, meere Placita Fu-
ris, grounded more upon Authority than Reafon ; neither
come they into difceptation: but what is mos? jufZ, not
abíolutely but relatively, (thatis from the Analogie of the/e
maximes) thatindeed is Rational and affordsa large field of
Difputation. Such therefore is that fecondary Reafos;which
hath place in/aered Theologie. that is, which is grounded
upon the Placits of God. » |
§ Andasthereisa double ufe of humane Reafon in mat-
ters Divine; fo in the fame ufe there is a double excefle, the
one where there is made a more curiow enquiry into tbe manner
of the Myftery than is befeeming, the other when equall Autbo-
rity is attributed to Derivations whichisto “Principles. For
both he , may feem tobe Nicodemus Di{ciple ; who perti-
Ioan. 11 1. nacioufly enquires How can aman be borne when he is old?
and hein no wife canbe accounted Pauls Difciple, which
x.Cor,vr s, IDay not. fometimes interlace his inftructions with Ego
son Dominus, or that, According to my Indgement; for to ma-
ny [ations that ftile is well applied: wherefore to my un-
derftanding it would be a wholfome and very profitable
courle, if there were a fober and diligent Tractate compi-
led which asa kind of Divine Dialeétique might give di-
rections, concerning the true limits and ufé of Reafonin mat-
ters Divine; which wouldbea kind of Opiate Medicine,
not only to quiet and lay a[leepe the vanity of Aery fpeculations,
wherewith the Schooles fometime labour; but likewife not a litle
calme and mitigate the furies andvage of Comrover fies, which
vaife fideings and fattions in the Church. A Treasile of this
nature we fet downe as Deficient, and terme it SopHRON
x. ortheright ufe of Humane Reafon in matters Divine.
IRENZ- 1I Itimportsexceedingly the Peace of the Church, that
M ipod the League of Chriftians , pre{cribed by our Saviour in
unitatisin thofe two claufes which feem to. croffe one the other;
Civitate were well and clearely expounded; whereof the one de-
cl. . 3 Ai .
Luccix, finesthus, He that is not with us is againj? wsthe other chus;
He
iaa .
Or Learning. Ere. IX. 473
He that is not again[] us is with us. From chofe two feverall Luc-xt.
affertions it plainly appears» that there are. fome Articles
wherein whofoever diffenteth,is to be held az not comprehended
in the league: and there are other Articles wherein a man may
diffentrand yet the league be kept entire. For the bounds of
Chriftian community are fecdowne, One Faith, one Bap- Ephet. 1v:
ti/me; and not, one Rite, one Opinion. We fee likewifethe
Coat of our Saviour wasentire without feame, but the gar- tom.xix.
ment ofthe Church was of divers Colours. The Chaffe mutt pi, xry.
be feverd from the corne in theeare; but the Tures may
not prefently be pull'd up from the Corne in the Field.
When Mofes (aw an Egyptian fighting with an Ifraelice;
he did not fay, why ftrive you? but-drew his {word and
flew the Egyptian; but when he. (aw two Iíraelites fights
though it could not pofsible be that both parties had à
juft caufe; yet he thus befpeaks chemboth ,. Yow are Bre- Exod. rr,
vbrenywby ftrive you?’ Wherefore if thefe things be well ob-
ferved, it will be found a matter of great moment and ufe.
to define what, and of whatlatitude thofe points ares
which difcorporate men from tlie body of the Church;
and caft them out and quite caffeerethem from the com-
munion and fellowfhip ofthe faithfull. And if any think
thatthis hathbin done now longagoe, let him ferioufly.
confider with what fyncerity,and moderation the fame
hath bin perform’d. Inthe mean {pace it is very likely,
that he that makes mention of Peace, fhall bear away thar
anfwer Fehu gave tothe Meflengers, Is st. Peace Iebu?1Reg.1x.
What haft tbouto doe with PEACE? turne and follow. me... Peace
is notthe matter that many feek after, but Parties and fide.
ing: Notyithítanding we thought good to fet dewne a-
mongft Dericients,as 2 wholleme and profitable work
a Treatife touching THE pEGREEs or lNirY IN:
THs Cirry or Gop. : dl 4 Ke
Ili Seeingthe Parts of facred Sctiptiire touching the Ms
Infirmation of Theology, are fuch and fo great; let us {peci- eerie
ally confider the Interpretation thereof; nor doe we here five Emz-
{peak of the Authority of interpretateing them , which is rient
Ooo2 eftablifh’ rU.
474 Or THEADVANCEMENT
eftablifht by the confent of, the Church, but of eic DannEr
of Interpreting. This is oftwo forts, Merbodicall; and So-
iuteyor at large: forthis divine water, which infinitely ex-
cells that of Jacobs well, is drawn forthand deliversd much
after the fame manner as Natural waters ufe to be out of
wells; for thefe atthe firft draught are either receiv'd into
Ciflernes,andío may be convayed and dirivd by many
Pipes for publique and private ule; or is powred forth im-
mediatly in Buckets and veffells, to be us’d-out of hand;
as occafion requires. rio». 97 MOT TVG
$ Nowcthisformer Methodicall manner hath at length
brought forth untous Scbolaflicall Theologie, whereby Dz-
yinity hath bin collected into an Ars, asintoa CifPzrne; and
the ftreames of Axioms and Poftions , difttibuted from
thence intoall parts. (5i
^oo$ ^ Butinfolute Manner of Interpreting tmo extreams in-
tervene; the one prefuppofetb [ucb a perfettion in Scriptures,
as that all Philofophie oughtto befetcht and dirivd from thofe
facred fountains, as sf all other Philofophy were an unballowed
and Heatbenifbtbing. "Vhis: diftemperature hath prevaild
efpecially'inthe Schoole of Paracelfws, and fome others;
the fource and {pring whereof flowed from the Rabbins
and Cabalifts. Buc thefe men have not attain'd their pur-
pofe; nor doe they give honour (as they pretend) to Scrip-
tures, but rather embafe and diftaine them. For to feekea
materiate Heaven, and Earth inthe word of God, where-
Mat, xx1v- of itis faid Heaven and Earth fhall paffe, but my word fDall
not paffesis indeed to purfue Temporarie things amongft
eternall;for asto feck Divinity in Philofophy is as if you would
feek the living among ft the Dead; {oon the other fide to feck
Philofophy in Divinity, is alone asto feek the Dead amongft
the living. a |
§ "The other manner of Futerpreting, which we fet
downeasanexcefle, feems at firft fight fober and chaft;
yet notwichftanding it both difhonoureth Scriptures, and
isagréat prejudiceand detriment tothe Church; and itis,
- to {peak ina word, when Divinely-infpir d Scriptures are
an b | expounded
Or LEARNING. .Lr$. IX.
expounded after tbe. [ame manner that bumane writings are.
For it muft.be remembred ; thac chere are &o points
known to God the Author of Scripture, which mans na-
ture cannot comprehend; that is; The (ecrets of the Heart:
and the/uccefion of times. Wherefore teeing the Precepts’
and Dictates of Scriptutes were written and dirééted to the:
Heart and Thoughts of men, and comprehedd the. vieifsi-
tudes of all Ages, withan eternall and certain fore-fight of
all Herefies, Contradittions; differing and mutable eftates
ofthe: Churchiás wellin generall,as of the Elect in fpeci-
all; they. áreto bé interpreted according to the Latitude:
and the proper fenfe of che places and relpectively toward:
that prelentoccafion whereupon the words wereutterd;
of in precife congruity from the Context of the precedent
and fubfequent words; or imcontemplation: of the prin
cipall {copeof the place; butfo aswe conéeive them to
comprehend, not only totally: or collectively, but diftris
butivelyseven.in claufesand in every word,infinite fpriries
and flreams of Doctrine to water every part of the
Church and the fpirits of the: Faithfull. -For it hath bin
excellently obfctved. thar the Anfwets of ojr Saviour; to.
mafy of the-queftions which were propounded to him,’
{cem not to the purpolésbut as it were, inapertinent to che
flate of the quieftion demanded. ‘The Reafons hereof are
two: the onesthat being he knew the thoughts of thofe -
that propounded the Queftions, not from their words, as
we menufleto doe, but immediatly and of ‘himfelfe, he?
made anfwet to theirtboughts not totheir words: The other -
Reafonis, that he fpak noc only to them that were then
prefenty buttous allo who now live; and comen of every
Age and place to whom the Gofpell fhould be preacht: ^
which fenfein many places of Scripture muft take place;
-$. Thefethus briefely toucht and fore:tafted , come
we now totliac Treatife which we report as Deficient:
There are found indeed amongft Theologicall writings too
many books of Controverfies,an infinite maffe of thar Divi-
nity which we call Pofitzve, as Common-places: Particular
Ooo 3 Treatifes
476 ^ Or THE ADVANCEMENT)
Treatifes; Cafes of (onfcience; Sermons; Homilies, and many
Prolix Commentaries upon the ‘Books of Scripture: but the
Forme of writing Deficient isthis, namely a fuceint? and
found (olleétion, and that with judgement, of Annotations and
obfervations upon particular Texts of Scripture; not dilateing
intocommon-places;or chafeing after (ontroverfies:or reduceing
them into method of Art; but which be altogitber {catterd and-
Naturall,athing indeed now and then expreftin more
learned Sermons, which for moft part vanifh; but which’
as yetsisnot collectedinto Books that fhould be tranfmit-
ted to Poflerity.. Certainly as wines which at firft prefsing
run gently, yeeld a more:pleafant caft, than thofe where:
the wine-preffe is hard wrought; becaufe thofe fome-:
whatrelifh of the ftonearid skinne of the Grape; fo thofe
obfervations are moft whol{ome and fweet; which flow
from Scriptures gently expreft, and naturally expounded,
and arenot wrefted or drawn afideto common-places or -
Controverfies; fuch a Treatile we will name: The Ema.
nations of Scripture. !
.§ . Thus have we made as it were, a finall Globe of the
Futelleétuall worldsas faithfully as we could, cogither with:
a defignation and defcription of thofe'parts which I find
not conftantly occupatesornot well converted by the In-
“ duftry and labours of men. In which work if I have any
** where receded from the opinion ofthe Ancients, I defire
“ that Pofterity would fo judge of my intentions, as that
* this was done with a mind of further Progreffon, and Pro-
“ ficience in melius; and not out of a humour of funovation,or
* Tran{migration in aliud: for I could not be true and.
*: conftantto my felfe, or the Argument which I have in
* hand, if I had rot refolvedly determin' d; To adde to the in-
* ventions of ?tbers fo farre as I was able.And I amas willing,
* and as fyncerely with that laterages may goe beyond me“
* hereaftersas I have endeavourd to goe beyond others now.
* And how faithfully [have dealt inthis Bufineffe may ap-
** peare eve by this,that I have propounded my opinions eve-
“ry where naked & unarm d,not feeking to EM the
T liberty
\
rS AD be a i - ho. SM
Or Learnine. Lrs. IX. 477
Liberty of others by the pugnacity of confutations. For “
inany thing which l have well fetdowne; | amin good *
hopethatit will come fo to pafle, that if in the firft reading “
a fcruple or objectionbe mov, inthe fecond reading an “
anfwer willbe ready made; and in thofe things wherein *
{have chanc’t to erre; lam fure have not prejudiced the
right by litigious arguments, which commonly are of this «
nacuresthat they procure Authority to errorand derogate from
Good inventions; for from Dubitation Error acquires Honour,“
Truth fuffers repulfe. And now Icallto mindan An(wer*
ThemiStocles made, who, when an Ambaffador in a fers
{peech had boafted great matters of afmall Village, takes — —
himup thus, Friend your words would require a Citty. Surely “ 15^
I fuppofe it may be juftly objected to me, that my words re-“
quire an Age, a whole Age perchance to prove them, and«
many Agesto perfectthem, Notwithftanding feeing the«
greateft matters are owing unto their Principles, it is
enough to me thatI have Sowen unto Pofferity and tbe im-«
mortail God, whole divine Majefty I humbly implore“
through his fonne and our Saviour, that he would vouch- “
fafe gratioufly to acceptthefe and füch like facrifices — *
of Humane under{tanding f[ea[ond with Re- E
ligion as with (alt , and incenfed Lond
to his Glory.
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OR THE
DEFICIN TS.
hee: IE 3X09APIENTIA VETERUM
bar C nx Philofophy according to
Jee ; “| anci bles: C.12. $.3.
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call Hiftory. Cap.2. Seét.4. | rall Axioms of Sciences.
eu Cap 1. Sect.3.
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Cap 3. Se£t 1. Sect 3.8
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Prophefy C.11.5etk 5. 4. Sect. s.
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Humanarum, Án Inven-
tary ofthe Eftate of Man.
Cap.5- Sefl.2.
x CatraLtocus. Porv-
CHRESTORIM, 4 Catalogue
of Things of multifarious
ufeand Application. Cap. 5.
Sec. 2.6. 1.
LIB. IV.
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or of the SuMMrTIES and
higheft pitch of Humane
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Seid. 5. . T.
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RATA, Comparative Anato-
my. Cap. 2.Seét.3.§.2.
X Morst INsANaBtLess
Of the curing of Difeafes
counted incurable. Cap. 2.
Sect. 2. §. 5.
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outward paffage out of life.
Cap.2.Seét.3.§. 6.
«* Of AurHeNTiQue and
approved Medicines. Cap.2.
Se. 3. §. 7.
x ARTtFictatt Imitati-
onof Naturall Bathes. C. 2.
Sect 5.8. 8.
4 Frrum MEpiCINALE,
An orderly courfe and fe-
ut in Phyfique, (Cap. 2.
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. 3d TUM 39253
x Of the Difference be-
tween Perception & goths
Chai go oio
* cipum. Mov
va, Theoriginall of the Per-
fpekiives, or of the Forme of
light. Cap.3! Sed. 3-§. 4.
cl ra i "8 TL a] G ,7
JILV11 5 > Jy 7 Fi aw
Y,
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&oCVEgNATIOU Pants: Or
Literate experience. Ca 2
sett a! it?
Yai J 3i13 üi
*& WEAR a Medie |
Or true Directions for che
Interpretation of nah
Capa. "sett. M up |
qual 3,
* Tories Piscacis
RES, Or Places of Inventions
appropriate to Particular
fubjects and fciences. Cap.3.
Seét.2.§ 1.
# ErENcHus IpoLorum,
Sophifme- Images ; impofed
upon the underftanding
[14 L5 SUE r3
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MONSTRA TIONS gCcording:
Cap.4. Sed. 4.
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Capa. Scll.2/8.H i.i
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| Orche Method deliver d tin’
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C he d.a
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fpecive Deliveries of a
mans felfe. Cap.3. Sec. 1.5.1.
4 THe Cotours of Good
and E»ill in apparance, fim-
ple and compar'd. (Cap. 5.
Sect. 2. §. 1.
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Cap. 3.$c£ .3. i
* Formute2 MiwonES,
leffer formes or ftiles of
fpeech. Cap3. Sett.4. [2M oH
hat | i TAE ew edes Sed. I
LIB. VII,
4* Satyra Serta,or of
the fubtile Reaches,Cautels,
and impoftures in: profelsi-
ans; Ss cat T RARO a
ve failures: osque
the culture of the mind Cap.
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or of Sparfed Genfer vii
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* ‘Consut iPiedélldus, ^
Orthe Art of enlargiigche
bounds of a! fev. or
M22 — youre” Use:
VERSALIS; or the Fountains
of Law. Cap.3.Seét.2. —
4 LAB LAS
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mater Dying, Cap. $4, «
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of God. Cap.i $68. 0
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Tppeeeqe Se, Py
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INDEX OF SACRED:
- SCRIPTURES "ILLUSTRATED |
OR ALLEGED.
GEN . D EU T.
Cap Verf. Pages| Cap Verf. Pag,
Y 1 &c 41-| 12 16 183
3. 2.2 © 215. d uM
kas 3 11 4. LO3L4-———
Bos 9 &e. [6 Pol si n R EG. P
T 9 1t 297:|. 32 245 7h
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3 : NE 29° gr
3 19 218, pt;
$ 19 26a | 4 - 33 a
2 42 "- Ke 33 €
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5. " 2 E » < ; x
18 10 468. Lo eviter, ed
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BOD. ON Ab ee i coni
7 1 228 |! . I Q B. d:
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=. a : 339 IO 10 45°
——— 3 9- I 8-
LEV. LT, |26 Ts 44.
1 12. 130 44 | 26 13: 43
MEnPPPS 4 ar
h The Fudex of SS. Scriptures. -
Cap... Vetf.. : | Pag. | Cap. Verf. Pag.
e 3 b ee ——— 4 — x — i - = -—- A -: LINE.
28. : 1 &c, A49 | 335 ox RP 5.3- 67:387
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= Mb Ue ant sd
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Gh 713... i 37 bo DAG100 7E
19 Re IT? TIE e. LAUT51402 393
Y9 Ics 27 6 Y 7 gem
19 Eo: we EM Lk A Oz, 394
62 Io 354 14. 396
9o dud gis Ma 2) 397
116 I». 339 3 390
123 ao. 353 20 1g
145 *-—Jg 362: 21———— ——389
eoi Á V de à SB: 380
Sida itd 8M £55 374
AOT 29. 1r 383
4 wae! 164 | 2g" 1 38x
4: 23): 33x29 * 21 386
6 6 258 || Tei Y TA
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6 DAM JL). 375 || sox, =.
& 7- 376] *^ ECCLÉS.
9c: 9o: 395. | 5: d
1o I. 376 84: |
1o: 7. 96, eos 2
Io 7 377 18: a
ri 29 377 15 «c 188
12 aec 382 | GI. 6
I4. . 6. 350 Jl 163
14 I5 392 114 133
IG, 372 15 387
15 [E55 4 349 14 388
I 19. 389 I 379
d 2 375 4 384
17 2459 i 392 ,; Ie 68.
1$ or IUE 22 4 369
18 Gh : 359 Ik 56
18), 17: 385»: a2 5
25r 5: 402: ps
26 I4 2 84: | : oca CERE
TY 27% 6 | Lalas’ piel
22) 1j: 76. | AUT
EL 24 14 *891 | 14
362
IEREM.
The Index of SS. Scriptures.
Cap. Verf. Pag. | Cap. Verf. Pag.
IER EM. | CT
6 6 35] 2 2 45
7 22 43
EZECH, ——— ————
T 3 299 | ROM.
|? 3 338
. TX I [t]
DAN ed
= 4 a I CIOR dU
LLL HI E SES Je fie 14 103
IOEL. 8 1 5
2 28 20 8 3 7
13 I2 471
HABAC, E ? SEI
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I 16 295 |, = 139
I 16 399 | E, j
2 2 103 mon LLL
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MATH: z 12 103
5 44 469 COLOS.
6 27 434 | 2 $ 5
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—————
$$$699$9$$T9092$9 ES
THE INDEX OF HUMANE AUTHORS
CENSURED PRAISED CITED.
A T 33444415818.
Sop. Fab. P. 30. 33. 70. | *- laconts. P. 46.
JI E isaodaos. Dion. p.48.50.5 1.277.423:
Agel. N. À.252.291. eel el
Agrippa. p. 188. onius.p.2 o8.
Alcoran. Azoara,s. p. 470+.
Alhazen. p.135. à E
Ariftoteles.p.33.34.38.8 1.123. :
159.160.165. 166. 172. 182. RUP MEE
185.187.199.218.221:258. Huclidip. 93004700
246.248. 252. 258. 292.
334. 336. 352. 357. 358- Eurip. p. 126.
361. eS ne tp we
Avicen.p.134, F
B c8. Flud. p. 186.
Bacon. p.$5.122.123.249.251. neering: ET rer
Boétius,p. 154. (428. G a
| Gilbert. p.115. 243»
Cc Ae ded cessus RR
Campanella.p.213. É
¥. Capitol. p. 57. 5 H. :
Cardan.P. 215.420. Herodian.p.48.123.
Celfus Med.p.194.22 t. Herodot. p.120. 259.
Cicero.p. 21.39. 55. 70. 104. Hefiod. p. 292.
~ 164.178.180.222.224. 225. | Hipp.p.134-182.233.351.
238.250.262.280.287. 295. | Hift. Ger. p.180.
Hift.Hen.7:h,p.428.
9. 9. Ze 59. 68. I. = ]
34 34 35 203 3 3J Homer.p.9.109.113.138. 186,
ib. 399, 403. 406. 417.414.
429*432. Hooker.p.470..
Claud. p.110. Horat. p.32.221.274.284.294.
De Comines. p. 381. 494-422.
Crollius.p.2 11. E MEN et ae v PN
SS epee WU eei. I
D Iac.R.p. 73. 82/95. 182. 348.
Dethoft. p.21. 238.290. 2392. 349.ib.
Qq3q Tambi.
———À
The Index of Humane Authorssisc.
Plaut.p.353.399.
Plo kde cpeaeeey
i Plinjun.p.349,361.
Plaut. p.24.34- 53-54. 56.99%
283.296.2338. 351. 351.5365.
366. 375.389. 400. 413. ib.
Iambl. p. 338.
P. Iud. p.18.
Iul. p.46.
Iuven.p.34.6.261. 403-
p—————————— —— —
——
L 421.415.426 ib.427,469.
Laért. p.25483. ERN "iS oo
Livius. p. 18. 36. 79.251.257. Q.
368.430. Quint,p. 31.186,
Lucan.p.142. ——Turr s lo:
Lucian.p.24. R
Lucret. p.63.105.195.239-
Lullius.p. 278. Ramus. p.276.
Renovard.p. 121,127.
MÀ ES Ems ener Ino SE c)
M S
Mach. difcors fopra Liv.lib.r. | Saluft.p.19.41.210.256. ^ -
cap.to. Sands.p.119.121.127.
Machia;p.18.133.359.359.386 | Selden.p.432.
~ 389.398.415.417.420-426. Senec.p.15.23.36.53. 113. 179.
Mart.Ep.p.95.116.265. 219.247.3009.3344336. 343*
Meteran.p. 180. 351. |
Mori vit. p. 181. Socrat.p.85.
Mount.p. 407. Spart.p.25.
| Strab.p.120. .
N Sueton.p.5 0.5 6.180.195. 260,
Nonn.p.126. 290+399+400.414- ]
—€———— ———— —— TGI E EE —=
T
sd Tacit. p.2.65.123.180:329.35
Orpheus.p.126. 2o 123: 00 :329-289E
381.388.394.395.ib.403.ib.
Ovid.p.40.59.64.110.123.126. il. 404-qn5 40S DL NE
187.190.218.221.281. 397.
Telef.p.208. -
412. ae aes
|
ems ; V
p .
; A. Vi&t.p.51.
Pancirol.p.222.230. | Virg.p.11.60.76.95.116. 166.
Paracel.p.140.186.211.250. 174.187.188.ib.244.2a1.ib.
a ROLLE 222.ib.283.296.ib.335.344-
erf.p.222. 62. 02.421.426.428.
Philoft.p.49,180. D Puit o y
Pind.p.179.354.366. | Z
Platin.p.13.
Zenoph.p. 57:180. 361.
Plato.p.2,43.49.-111.163. 164.
Zephil. p.61.
178.180.185.221. 239. 247+
251.261,280.345.401.
Van yl
ERRATA.”
and that hath taken wings The more faults thou findeft, the larger
field is prefented to thy humanity to practife in. Be indulgent in thy
cenfure, and remember that Érror, whether AZanualor Mental, isan inhe-
ritance, defcending uponus, from the /irf? of oxr Race. Whathe faid of men; .
may be laid of Books,
Viti nullus fine nafcitur, eptimus ille eit
iui minimis urgetur, —---
d | ^$ He correétion of Textual Errors (Courteous Reader) isa work of time,
MARGINAL CORRECTIONS,
Ps. 18. for Del, Hift. Fior. read. Difcors fopra Liv. pag. 40. for Pal. 141.
read Prov.27.p. 81: * Errores Naturz,&c. p. 82. * Vincula Nature, &c.
.85.* Hiltoria Indu&. p.87. Oculus Polyph. p.109. * Sapientia veterum. p.
Y 32.* Philofophia prima. p.150. * Aftrologia viva. * A(trologia fana, p. 185. -
* Problemata Naturalia. p. 159. * Placita Philof. The ftarre in the margent
points to the laps andto the recovery. Where thou meeteft with Vid.Digreff-
P3g.146. 241, &c.deleatar, fot the Interpreters Digreffions are not publifht.
p.470. read Alcoran Azoara: 5. M
| Qqda Lettori
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LECTORI ACADEMICO 5S.
Zomeg Erte Philofophia Naturalis omniwm Scientia-
(P rum nobilifima eff, Certiffema ac ampliffima; wt-
pote {uo ambitu Complectens volumen illud mag-
A) num (7 admirandum Operum Dei ac Creatura-
tum,corum4, varietatem, (onftantiam ac ornatum, CAYALO-
Gus vero ifte 5 qui Capita © (umma Rerum (Coninet, omnium
qui anquam prodiere,perfecti/sinus eft maxime ordinatus ac de-
finitus : ad imaginem mundi compofitus ac Rerum; non in-
cellectüs ¢ {peculationum, quarum non eft ordo , numerus,
neg, finis: CATALOGS revera ad menfuram univer fie? experi-
mentorum ita accommodates, ut naturam in natura quzrat, e-
amá, inomnes ejus formas mutatam conftringat , omne[á, ejus
flatu comprehendat libertatem,errores vincula;in fpeciebus
{uissin monftris,in mechanicis. Denig, INDEX eft incompa-
bilis, ac fummo judicioelaboratus, Ad f'yl'vam i? fuppellettilem
Hisloriarum Natwralium Colligendamsnullus uberior. adyftc colle-
éam in locos (Com. &) proprias cla[fes digerendams nullus Con-
cinnior,ad fic digestams memoriter retinendam , nullus effica-
cior unquam extitit; vel bumano ingenio ac indiftria excogi-
tari potefl Interpres fic cogitavit? quod Juventuti Academica
ac veritatis amantibus notum fieri, ipforum intere[Je putavit.
Erunt forta[sis Pedarit Senatores, quismodernis metbodis adfu-
eti aliam [emtentiam ferent, atque ferant aliam ; Sed juftifica-
ta eft fapientia a filiis fuis.
a?
CAT.
fecundum. Capita.
Ps Utoria Coeleftmm:; five Aftronomica.
$ 2 Hiftoriaconfigurationis Gceli & partium ejus, versie
£^ Terram & partes ejus; five Cofmographica.
la 3 Hiftoria Cometarum.
* 4 Hiftoria Meteororum ignitorum.
^s Hiftoria Fulguram, Fluminum, Tonitraum, & Coruf*
cationttm.
'6 Hiftoria Ventorum!, & Flatnum repentinorum, & V ndulationum Acris.
7 Hiftoria Iridum.
8 Hiftoria Nubium, pro&t daperné confpiciuntur.
9 Hilloria Expanfionis Ccerulez , Crepufculi, plurium Solium, plurium. Lu-
narum, Halonum ,Colorum variorum Solis & Lane; atq; omnis vatie-
tatis Coeleftium ad afpectum, quz fit ratione Medii.
1d Hiftoria Pluviarum Orditariarum , Procellofarum, & Prodigiofarum; eti-
am Cataractarum (quas vécant) Ceeli, & fimilium.
11 Hiíloria Grandinis, Nivis, Gelu, Pruinz, Nebule, Róris, & fimilium.
12 Hiftoria omnium aliorum Cadentium five Defcendentinm ex alto, & fa-
perné generatoram.
13 Hiftoria Sonituum in alto (fi modo fintaliqui) preter T onitrua.
14 Hitoria Aeris , in Toto, five in Configuratione Mundi
15 Hiltoria Tempefiatum , five Temperamentorum Anni , tan fecundiin
variariones Redfonum, quàm fccundüm accidentia Temporum, & perio-
dos Annorum; Diluviornm, Fertorum, Siccitatum, & fimiliwnh.
16 Hiftoria Terre & Maris ; Figure & Ambitüsipforum, & Configurationis
ipforum interíc,atq; Exporrectionis ipforum in latum ant anguftum;
Infülarum Terrz in Mari,Sinuum Maris, & Lacuum falforum in Terrá,
Ifthmorum, Promontoriorum.
17 Hiltoria Motuum (fi qui fint) globi Terrz & Maris; & ex quibus Experis
mentis illi colliei poffint.
18 Hiftoria Motuum majorum & Perturbationum in T errá & Mari; nempe
Terrz Motunm & T remorum & Hiatuum, Infularum de novo enafcen-
tium, Infülarum. flu&tuantium; Abruptionum Terrarum per ingreffam’
Maris, [nvafionum & Illuvionum, & contra Defertionum Maris; Erupti-
em ignium é terrá, Eruptionum fübitanearum Aquatum 6 T errá, & fi-
milium.
19 Hiftoria Geographica Naturalis ,^ Montium, Vallium, Sylvaruni, Planitic-
rum, Arenarum, Paludum, Lacuum, Fluviorum, T orrentium, Fontium,
29 Hilloria Fluxuum & Refluxuum Maris, Euedporum, V ndulationum &e&Mo-
tuum Maris aliorum.
,
hrra 4t
Catalogus Hiftoriarnm Particularium,
. . . ° H LN Li ^
21. Hiftoria ceterorum Accidentium Maris; Salfuginis ejus, Colorum diver
forum, Profunditatis: § Rupium, Montium; & Valliara fubmarinarum,
& fimilium. ,
, Seqstuntur Hiflorie Ma[farum majorum,
12. Hi Flammz, & Igniterum.
23.4 Hiftoria Aeris, in fübítantiá, non in configuratione,
24. Hiftoria Aqua, in Subftantiá, non in Configuratione,
35. Hiftoria Terra & diver(itatis ejus, in Subftantiá;non in Configuratione:
Sequuntur Hifforie Specierwus.
26. H lítoria Metallorum perfectorum, Auri, Argenti; & Minerarum, Ve-
narum, Marcafitarü eorundem: Operaria quoque in Mineris ipforum.
27. Hiftoria Argenti Vivi.
38. Hilloria Foffilium; veluti Vitrioli, & Sulphuris, &c «
29. Hiftoria Gemmarum; veluti Adamantis, Rubini,&c.
39: Hiftoria Lapidum; ut Marmoris, Lapidis Lydii, Silicis,&c.
31. Hiftoria Magnctis.
32. Hiltoria Corporum Mifcellaneoram, que nec fant Foffilia prorsizs, nec
Vegetabilia; ut Salium,Succini, Ambra-grífez,&c.
33. Hiftoria Chymicacircà Metalla & Mineralia. |
34. Hifloria Plantarum, Arborum, Fruticum, Herbarum: & Partium eorum,
Radicum, .Caulium, Ligni , Foliorum, Florum, Fructuum, Seminum,
Lachrymarum,&c.
35. Hiftoria Chymicacirca Vegetabilia,
39. Hiftoria Pifcium, & partium ac Generationis ipforum.
37. Hiftoria Volatilium, & Partium ac Generationis ipforum.
38. Hiftoria Quadrupedum, & Partium ac Generationis ipforum. .
39. HiltoriaSerpentum, Vermium, Mufcarum, & ceteromm Infectorum; &
partium ac generationis ipforum... ,
45. Hiftoria Chymica circa eaque famuntur ab Animalibus.
Segnuntur Hifloria Hominis.
41. Iftoria Figure, & Membrorum externorim Hominis, Stature, Com-
A pagis, Vultüs,& Lincamentorum; eorumq; varietatis fecundim Gen-
tes & Climata, ant alias minores Differentias.
42. Hiltoria Phyfiognomica fuper ipfa. te
43. Hiltoria Anatomica, five Membrorum internorum Hominis; & varietatis :
ipforum, quatenüs invenitur inipsá naturali Compage & Structurá; & . -
non tantàm quoad Morbos & Accidentia praternaturalia.
44. Hiftoria partium fimilarium Hominis; ut Carnis, Offium, Membrana-
rum, &c. |
45. Hiltoria Humorumin Homine; Sanguinis, Bilis, Spermatis, &c.-
46. Hifteria Excrementorum; Sputi, Vrinarum , Sudorum, Sedimentorum,
Capillorum, Pilorum, Rediviarum, Vnguium, & fimilium,
47. Hiltoria Facultatum; Attractionis, Digeftionis, Retentionis, Expulfionis;
Sanguificationis, Affimilationis alimentorum in membra, Verfionis San-
guinis & Floris ejus in Spiritum, &c.
48. Hiftoria Motuum Naturalium & Involuntariorum; ut Motüs Cordis, Mo-
tüs
P.
fecundim (Capita.
^ - 3 ^ cs :
tüs Pulfuuin, Sternutacionis, Motíts Palmonum, Motüs Erectionis Vir-
z,&c.
49. Hiftoria Motuum mixtorum ex Naturalibus & voluntariis; veluti Refpira-
tionis, Luffis, Vrinationis, Sedis,&c.
$o. Hiltoria Motuum Voluntariorum; ut Ingrumentorum ad voces articulatas;
ut Motuum Oculorum, Lingue, Faucium, Manuum, Digitorum; Degius
titionis,&c. :
s 1. Hiftoria Somnt & Infomniorum.
5 2. Hilleriadiverforum Habituuin Corporis; Pinguis, Macilenti; Complexio-
num, (quas vocant, ) &c.
5 3- Hiftoria Generationis Hominum.
$4. Hiftoria Conceptionis, Vivificationis, Geftationis in utero, Partüs,&c.
5 5. Hiftoria Alimenrationis Hominis, atq; omnis Ednlii & Potabilis, atq; om-
nisDiztz; & Varietatis ipforum fecundüm Gentesaut minores diffe-
rentias.
«6. Hiftoria Au
ipfius.
« 7. Hiltoria Decurfüs tatis; Infantiz, Pueritiz, Iuventutis, Senectutis,Lon-
gzvitatis, Brevitatis V itz,& fimilium,fecundüm Gentes & minores dif-
ferentias,
$ 8. Hiftoria Vite & Mortis.
gmentationis & Incrementi Corporis in Toto & Partibus
$9. Hiftoria Medicinalis Morborum, & Symptomatum & Signorum eorun-
dem.
6o. Hiftoria Medicinalis, Cura, & Remediorum, & Libérationum à Morbis,
61. Hiftoria Medicinalis corum que confervant Corpus & Sanitatem.
62. Hiftoria Medicinalis corum que pertinent ad Formam & Decus Corpo-
. Tis, &c. :
63. Hiftoria Medicinalis eorum quz corpusalterant, & pertinentad Regimen
Alterativum.
64. Hiftoria Pharmaco- polaris.
65. Hiftoria Chirurgica. :
66. Hiftoria Chymica circa Medicinas.
67. Hiftoria Vifüs & vifibilium, five Optica.
$8. Hiftoria Pi&urz, Sculptoria, Plaftica,&c,
69. Hiftoria Auditüs & Sonorum.
_ 7o. Hiftoria Mufica.
71. Hiftoria Olfa&üs, & Odorum.
72. Hiftoria Guflüs & Saporum.
73. Hiftoria Tactüs, & ejusObje&torum.
74- Hiítoria Veneris, ut fpeciei Ta&(üs.
75. Hiftoria Dolorum corporeorum, ut fpeciei Ta&üs.
76. Hiftoria Voluptatis & Doloris in genere. _
77. Hiftoria Affetuum; ut Irz, Amoris, Verecundiz, &c.
23.Hiftoria Facultaum Intellectualium; Cogitative, Phantafiz, Difcurfiiss
Memoriz &c.
79. Hiftoria Divinationum Naturaliam:
So, Hiftoria tionum, five Diacrifium occultarüm Naturalium.
$1. Hiltoria inaria; & Artium fübfervieritium; veluti Macellaria, Avi-
aria &c.
82. Hiftoria Pi(torhs, & Panificiorum; & Ártium fubfervientium, ut Molendi-
naria, Sc. M
$3. Hiltoria Vinaria.
84, Hiftoria Cellaria, & divetforam generum Potts.
33
>
L
Catalogus Hiftoriarnm Particularium,
e HMM o
85. Hiftoria Bellariorum & Confe&urarum. - lí o
86. Hiltoria Mellis. ,
37, Hittoria Sacchari.
. 88. Hiftoria Laticiniorum. (OS
* 89. Hiftoria Dalneatória, & V nguentaria. . d
90. Hiftoria Mifcellanea circa curam corporis; Tonforum, Odorarjorum, &c.
91 .Hiftoria Auri-fabrilis, & Artium fubfervientium.
92. Hiftoria Lanificiorum, & Artium fubfervientium. — Mole
93. Hiltoria Opificiorum é Seríco & Bombyce, & Artium fübfervientium;
94. Hiftoria Opificiorum ex Lino, Cannabio,Goflipio, Setis, & aliis Filacets; &
Artium fübfervientium. £e
95 Hiltoria Plumificiorum.
96. Hiftoria Textoria, & Artium. fubfervientium.
97. Hiftoria Tin&oria. Mes
98. Hiftoria Coriaria, Alutaria; & Artium fübfervientium,
99. Hiftoria Culcitraria & Plumaria.
100. Hiftoria Ferri-Fabrilis.
101, Hiftoria Latomiz five Lapicidarum.
.. 102. Hiftoria Lateraria, & Tegularia.
103, Hiftoria Figularis.
104, Hiftoria Cementaria, & Cruftaria-
105. Hiftoria Ligni-fabrilis,
106. Hiftoria Plumbaria.
107. Hiftoria Vitri & omnium Vitreorum, & Vitriatia,
108, Hiftoria Architecturz in genere.
109. Hiftoria Plauftraria, Rhedaria, Le&icaria, &c. KU MAE
110. Hiftoria Typographica, Libraria, Scriptoria, Sigillatoria; Atramenti, Cae
lami, Papyri, Membranz,&c.
111. Miftoria Cere.
1 12. Hiftoria Viminaria.
113. Hiftoria Storearia, & Opificiorum ex Stramine, Scirpis, & fimilibus.
114. Hiftoria Lotricaria, Scoparia, &c.
1» *. Hiftoria Agriculturz, Pafcuarie, Cultüs Sylvarum,&c,
1 16. Hiftoria Hortulana,
117. Hi(toria Pifcatoria.
138. Hiftoria Venationis & Aucupii.
119, Hiftoria Rei Bellicz, & Artium fubfervientium; ut Armamentaria, Arcuas
ria, Sagittaria, Sclopetaria, Tormentaria, Baliftaria, Machinaria,8ec.
1:0. Hiftoria Rei Nauticz, & Practicarum, & Artium fubfervientium, —
i 21. Hiftoria Athletica, & omnis generis Exercitationum Hominis,
122; Hiftoria Rei Equeftris, |
123. Hiftoria Ladorum omnis generis.
124. Hiftorja Praftigiatorum & Circulatorum.
125. Hiftoria Mifcellanea diverfarum Materiarum Artificialium;ut Efmalta,
Porcellanz, complütium Czmentorum, &c.
126. Hiftoria Salium.
127.Hiftoria Mifcellanea diverfarum Machinarum, & Motuum.
1 2 8. Hiftoria Mifeellanea Experimentorum Vulgarium, quz non coaluerunt i
Artem,
Etiam Mathematicarum purarum Hifforie confcribende funt, licit fint. —
potins Obfervationes quam Experimenta. "
129. Hiftoria naturarum & poteftatum Numerorum, | :
fecundum (,apita.
—BÜÓ— HH ————P——————— T
1 36. Hiftoria naturarum & poteftatum Figurarum.
N On abs re fuerit admonere, quod, cum nece[fe fit multa ex E xperimentis [ub
duobus Titulis vel pluribus cadere, (veluti Hiftoria Plantarum, c Hiftoria
Artis Hortulanz malta habebunt fer& communia) commodior. fit inquifitio per
Artes, IDifpofitio verb per Corpora. Paritm enim nobrs cura eft de eArtibus ipfis
Mechanicis, [ed tantitm de its qua afferunt aa inftruendam P bilofophi-
am. Ueritm hac? re nata melins regentur,
Retr
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Na autalterá Pagina vacante in damnum Bibliopo-
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peritura, id noftrum munus efl; Tuum Leétor, fi vigeat.
Succinéta pagina eft, fed folida: & excellentium virorum;
etiam Reliquix confervande. Vale.
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